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Tripura, Udaya Manikya, Tanka, 11.16g, Sk 1489, citing Queen Hira, as previous lot, but border of arches on the obverse points right rather than left, no bead in front of lion, none of the date behind lion's back leg; reverse legend arranged slightly differently: Śri Śri Yutoda/ya Manikya/ Deva Śri Hi/ra Maha Devyau (RB. 136; KM. 79)Quant.Geek
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Tripura, Amara Manikya, Tanka, 10.61g, Sk 1499, citing Queen Amaravati, similar to previous lot, but standard type 'k', small pellet in front of lion, and Śake divided by lion's front foot (RB. 161; KM. 90)Quant.Geek
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Philip I the Arab, February 244 - Late September249 A.D., Seleucia ad Calycadnum, Cilicia. Orichalcum medallion, cf. RPC VIII U2169; SNG Levante 778; SNG BnF 1040; SNG Righetti 1630; SNG Pfalz 1078; BMC Cilicia p. 140, 50 (various legend arrangements), VF, broad flan, portrait, dark brown patina, light encrustation, a few small pits, marks, Seleukeia ad Calycadnum (Silifke, Turkey) mint, weight 34.823g, maximum diameter 40.0mm, die axis 180o, obverse AYT K M IOYΛIOC ΦIΛIΠΠOC CEB, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse CEΛEYKEΩN TΩN ΠPOCT, confronted busts of Tyche, right, draped, kalathos on head, cornucopia behind, and Apollo, left, laureate and draped, laurel branch before, KAΛYK/A∆N/Ω in three lines above, EΛEYΘEP/AC in two lines below; 40 millimeterspaul1888
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Time of Alexander I, AR Hemiobol, struck 470 - 460 BC at Argilos in MacedoniaObverse: No legend. Forepart of Pegasos facing left.
Reverse: No legend. Quadripartite granulated incuse square.
Diameter: 8.78mm | Weight: 0.20gms | Die Axis: Uncertain
Liampi 118 | SNG - | GCV -
Rare
Argilos was a city of ancient Macedonia founded by a colony of Greeks from Andros. Although little information is known about the city until about 480 BC, the literary tradition dates the foundation to around 655/654 BC which makes Argilos the earliest Greek colony on the Thracian coast. It appears from Herodotus to have been a little to the right of the route the army of Xerxes I took during its invasion of Greece in 480 BC in the Greco-Persian Wars. Its territory must have extended as far as the right bank of the Strymona, since the mountain of Kerdylion belonged to the city.
Argilos benefited from the trading activities along the Strymona and probably also from the gold mines of the Pangeion. Ancient authors rarely mention the site, but nevertheless shed some light on the important periods of its history. In the last quarter of the 6th century BC, Argilos founded two colonies, Tragilos, in the Thracian heartland, and Kerdilion, a few kilometers to the east of the city.
Alexander I was the ruler of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia from c.498 BC until his death in 454 BC. Alexander came to the throne during the era of the kingdom's vassalage to Persia, dating back to the time of his father, Amyntas I. Although Macedonia retained a broad scope of autonomy, in 492 BC it was made a fully subordinate part of the Persian Empire. Alexander I acted as a representative of the Persian governor Mardonius during peace negotiations after the Persian defeat at the Battle of Salamis in 480 BC. From the time of Mardonius' conquest of Macedonia, Herodotus disparagingly refers to Alexander I as “hyparchos”, meaning viceroy. However, despite his cooperation with Persia, Alexander frequently gave supplies and advice to the Greek city states, and warned them of the Persian plans before the Battle of Plataea in 479 BC. After their defeat at Plataea, when the Persian army under the command of Artabazus tried to retreat all the way back to Asia Minor, most of the 43,000 survivors of the battle were attacked and killed by the forces of Alexander at the estuary of the Strymona river.
Alexander regained Macedonian independence after the end of the Persian Wars and was given the title "philhellene" by the Athenians, a title used for Greek patriots.
After the Persian defeat, Argilos became a member of the first Athenian confederation but the foundation of Amphipolis in 437 BC, which took control of the trade along the Strymona, brought an end to this. Thucydides tells us that some Argilians took part in this foundation but that the relations between the two cities quickly deteriorated and, during the Peloponnesian war, the Argilians joined with the Spartan general Brasidas to attack Amphipolis. An inscription from the temple of Asklepios in Epidauros attests that Argilos was an independent city during the 4th century.
Like other colonies in the area, Argilos was conquered by the Macedonian king Philip II in 357 B.C. Historians believe that the city was then abandoned and, though excavations have brought to light an important agricultural settlement on the acropolis dated to the years 350-200 BC, no Roman or Byzantine ruins have been uncovered there.*Alex
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Philip II, 359 - 336 BC. AE18. Struck after 356 BC at an uncertain mint in MacedoniaObverse: No legend. Young male head, usually identified as Apollo, with hair bound in a taenia, facing left.
Reverse: ΦIΛIΠΠOY, Naked rider on horse prancing left, uncertain control mark, often described as the head of a lion, beneath the horse. The control mark looks a bit like the ram on the prow of a galley to me, but that is just my personal opinion.
Diameter: 17.4mm | Weight: 6.9gms | Die Axis: 12
SNG ANS 872 - 874
The bronze series of this type is extensive and differentiated principally by the different control marks. These control marks are symbols and letters which generally appear on the reverse, very occasionally the obverse, of the coin, and they were used to identify the officials responsible for a particular issue of coinage.
Philip II won the horseback race at the 106th Olympics in 356 BC, and it is thought that the horseman on the reverse of this coin commemorates that event.
Philip II of Macedon was King of Macedon from 359 until his death in 336 BC. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III Arrhidaeus. In 357 BC, Philip married Olympias, who was the daughter of the king of the Molossians. Alexander was born in 356 BC, the same year as Philip's horse won at the Olympic Games.
Only Greeks were allowed to participate in the Olympic Games, and Philip was determined to convince his Athenian opposition that he was indeed worthy to be considered Greek. And, after successfully uniting Macedonia and Thessaly, Philip could legitimately participate in the Olympics. In 365 BC Philip entered his horse into the keles, a horseback race in the 106th Olympics, and won. He proceeded to win two more times, winning the four horse chariot race in the 352 BC 107th Olympics and the two horse chariot race in the 348 BC 108th Olympics. These were great victories for Philip because not only had he been admitted officially into the Olympic Games but he had also won, solidifying his standing as a true Greek.
The conquest and political consolidation of most of Greece during Philip's reign was achieved in part by the creation of the Macedonian phalanx which gave him an enormous advantage on the battlefield. After defeating Athens and Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC Philip II established the League of Corinth, a federation of Greek states, with him at it's head, with the intention of invading the Persian empire. In 336 BC he sent an army of 10,000 men into Asia Minor to make preparations for the invasion by freeing the Greeks living on the western coast and islands from Persian rule. All went well until the news arrived that Philip had been assassinated. The Macedonians were demoralized by Philip's death and were subsequently defeated by Persian forces near Magnesia.
Philip II was murdered in October 336 BC, at Aegae, the ancient capital of the Macedonian kingdom, while he was entering into the town's theatre. He was assassinated by Pausanius, one of his own bodyguards, who was himself slain by three of Philip's other bodyguards. The reasons for Philip's assassination are not now fully known, with many modern historians saying that, on the face of it, none of the ancient accounts which have come down to us appear to be credible.*Alex
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1st Century CE, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Iceni, AR Unit, Struck c.60 - 61 under Boudica (Boadicea)Obverse: No legend. Abstract Celtic style head with slit for eye and no ear facing right. Three pellets below head, branch emblem behind neck.
Reverse: No legend. Celtic style horse facing right, lozenge-shaped box with pellets on outer corners below horse. Section of large elaborate wheel-like object above horse, pellet below horse's tail.
Class: Icenian O
Diameter: 14mm | Weight: 0.9gms | Axis: 10
Spink: 434
The first known recorded example of this coin was made by William Stukely, an English antiquarian whose ideas influenced various antiquaries throughout the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Stukeley published over twenty books on archaeology and other subjects during his lifetime and he is regarded as an important forerunner of archaeology for his emphasis on methodically measuring and documenting ancient sites. He died of a stroke in early 1765.
The theory that this coinage was connected with Boudica was originally reported in 1987 and this was endorsed by R D Van Arsdell, an authority on the Celtic coinage of Britain, as Boudican in the 1990's. At the time though this was disputed by many in the numismatic community, some of whom continued to rely on older studies that lumped all "Face-Horse" coins together in a group dating before 20 CE.
However, John Talbot of the University of Oxford carried out research on these issues and, as his die-link and hoard work gradually progressed through the 1990's into the early twenty-first century, these coins were confirmed to be the final coinage of the Iceni. As Talbot's findings were only gradually revealed over a period of time, the accepted dating used in some dealer catalogues did not always keep up with the latest information. During his studies, Talbot discovered that coins from several die sets are only found in the Boudican Rebellion hoards. He also confirmed that these coins were struck in abnormally great numbers for any Icenian issue. But, because he was not certain that this was enough evidence to date the coins to 61 CE. he suggested only that they could have been struck any time after the Claudian Invasion of 43 CE.
Considering though that some die sets are known only from the Boudican Rebellion hoards, that it is still the case that these coins appear in uncirculated condition in the hoards, and that to date none of these coins have been found from secure contexts earlier than the time of the Boudican rebellion, it would appear that the 1987 report was essentially correct and these coins must have been struck nearer to the date of the Boudican Rebellion than earlier, possibly in connection with the financing of that rebellion. The conclusion now is that these coins can, with some confidence, be attributed to Boudica.
THE ICENI
The Iceni were a tribe located in eastern Britain during the Iron Age and the early Roman era. Their territory was bordered by the Corieltauvi to the west, and the Catuvellauni and Trinovantes to the south. In the Roman period, their capital was Venta Icenorum at modern-day Caistor St Edmund.
Julius Caesar did not mention the Iceni in his account of his invasions of Britain in 55 and 54 BC, though they may have been related to the Cenimagni, whom Caesar notes as living north of the River Thames at that time. The Iceni were a significant power in eastern Britain during Claudius I's conquest of Britain in AD 43, in which they allied with Rome. Increasing Roman influence on their affairs led to a revolt in AD 47, though they remained nominally independent under king Prasutagus up until his death around AD 60. Roman encroachment after Prasutagus' death led his wife Boudica to launch a major revolt from 60–61. Boudica's uprising seriously endangered Roman rule in Britain and resulted in the burning of Londinium and other cities. The Romans finally crushed the rebellion, and the Iceni were eventually incorporated into the Roman province.
Archaeological evidence of the Iceni includes torcs, which are heavy rings of gold, silver or electrum worn around the neck and shoulders. The Iceni began producing coins around 10 BC. Their coins were a distinctive adaptation of the Gallo-Belgic "face/horse" design, and in some early issues, most numerous near Norwich, the horse was replaced with a boar. Some coins are inscribed ECENI, making them the only coin-producing group to use their tribal name on coins. The earliest personal name to appear on coins is Antedios (about 10 BC), and other abbreviated names like AESU and SAEMU followed. The name of Prasutagus also appears on some coins as PRASTO.
QUEEN BOUDICA
Queen Boudica was married to Prasutagus, ruler of the Iceni people of East Anglia. When the Romans conquered southern England in AD 43, they allowed Prasutagus to continue to rule. However, when Prasutagus died he left a will dividing his lands between the Roman emperor and his family. The Romans decided to rule the Iceni directly and confiscated all the king's property. When this was contested they are said to have stripped and flogged Boudica and raped her daughters. These actions exacerbated the widespread resentment at Roman rule.
In 60 or 61 AD, while the Roman governor Gaius Suetonius Paullinus was leading a campaign in North Wales, the Iceni rebelled, other tribes joined them, and Boudica led a major uprising against the occupying Roman forces.
Boudica's warriors defeated the Roman Ninth Legion and destroyed the then capital of Roman Britain, Camulodunum (Colchester). They then went on to destroy Londinium (London) and Verulamium (St Albans) killing thousands in the process. Finally, Boudica was defeated by a Roman army led by Paulinus. A great number of her army were killed and, though Boudica's fate is unknown, she is alleged to have either died in battle or poisoned herself to avoid capture. The site of the battle which brought an end to her uprising is also unknown.
The photograph below is of the Victorian statue of Boudica (Boadicea) situated on the Thames embankment in London.
CLICK ON THE IMAGES BELOW TO ENLARGE THEM
  *Alex
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2 Philip IPhilip I Æ28 of Viminacium, Moesia Superior. IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG, laureate draped bust right / P M S COL VIM, Moesia standing facing holding her hands over bull and lion, AN VII in ex.
Moushmov 36Sosius
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2 Philip IPhilip I Æ28 of Viminacium, Moesia Superior. IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG, laureate draped bust right / P M S COL VIM, Moesia standing facing holding her hands over bull and lion, AN VII in ex.
Moushmov 36Sosius
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3.1 Herennia EtruscillaHerennia Etruscilla
AE Sestertius, Viminacium
250/251 AD
O: HER ETRVSCILLA AVG, draped bust right, in staphane
R: PMS COL VIM, female figure (Provincia Moesia) standing, facing left, between bull & lion, AN XII in ex.
BMC 32, Moushmov 48
Sosius
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C POBLICIUS Q F. 80 BCHelmeted bust of Roma right / Hercules strangling the Nemean lion; bow and quiver at left; club below. Cr. 380/1.
POBLICIA, a plebian family, but of consular rank. Its cognomen on coins is Malleolus. There are fifteen varieties, all of silver, on some of which a small hammer or mallett is engraved, evidently alluding to the surname Malleolus.
The first of Heracles' twelve labours, set by King Eurystheus (his cousin) was to slay the Nemean lion.
According to one version of the myth, the Nemean lion took women as hostages to its lair in a cave near Nemea, luring warriors from nearby towns to save the damsel in distress. After entering the cave, the warrior would see the woman (usually feigning injury) and rush to her side. Once he was close, the woman would turn into a lion and kill the warrior, devouring his remains and giving the bones to Hades.
Heracles wandered the area until he came to the town of Cleonae. There he met a boy who said that if Heracles slew the Nemean lion and returned alive within 30 days, the town would sacrifice a lion to Zeus; but if he did not return within 30 days or he died, the boy would sacrifice himself to Zeus.[3] Another version claims that he met Molorchos, a shepherd who had lost his son to the lion, saying that if he came back within 30 days, a ram would be sacrificed to Zeus. If he did not return within 30 days, it would be sacrificed to the dead Heracles as a mourning offering.
While searching for the lion, Heracles fetched some arrows to use against it, not knowing that its golden fur was impenetrable; when he found and shot the lion and firing at it with his bow, he discovered the fur's protective property when the arrow bounced harmlessly off the creature's thigh. After some time, Heracles made the lion return to his cave. The cave had two entrances, one of which Heracles blocked; he then entered the other. In those dark and close quarters, Heracles stunned the beast with his club and, using his immense strength, strangled it to death. During the fight the lion bit off one of his fingers. Others say that he shot arrows at it, eventually shooting it in the unarmoured mouth.
After slaying the lion, he tried to skin it with a knife from his belt, but failed. He then tried sharpening the knife with a stone and even tried with the stone itself. Finally, Athena, noticing the hero's plight, told Heracles to use one of the lion's own claws to skin the pelt.
When he returned on the thirtieth day carrying the carcass of the lion on his shoulders, King Eurystheus was amazed and terrified. Eurystheus forbade him ever again to enter the city; in future he was to display the fruits of his labours outside the city gates. Eurystheus warned him that the tasks set for him would become increasingly difficult. He then sent Heracles off to complete his next quest, which was to destroy the Lernaean hydra.
The Nemean lion's coat was impervious to the elements and all but the most powerful weapons. Others say that Heracles' armour was, in fact, the hide of the lion of Cithaeron.ecoli
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Kroisos, LydiaLydian Kingdom. Kroisos. Ca. 564/53-550/39 B.C. AR 1/12 stater (7 mm, 0.80 g). Sardes mint. Confronted foreparts of lion, on left, and bull, in right / Incuse square punch. Berk 26-7; SNG Kayhan 1020-1; Traité I 413. VF, toned.ecoli
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Otacilia Severa AE29 of Viminacium, Moesia Superior. 15.38 grams.
25 mm.
Otacilia Severa AE29 of Viminacium, Moesia Superior. MARC OTACILIA SEVERA AVG, diademed draped bust right / P M S COL VIM, Moesia standing facing between bull & lion, AN XI in ex. Viminacium
Moushmov 39 Antonivs Protti
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ROME
PB Tessera (18mm, 4.11 g, 12 h)
Cybele riding right on lion, holding transverse scepter
Attis standing right, wearing Phrygian cap, holding long scepter and ears of grain
Rostowzew 3213, pl. X, 14 var. (no legend); München 631 var. (same); BM 1356-9 var. (same)Ardatirion
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(0251) TREBONIANUS GALLUS251 - 253 AD
(struck YEAR 5 = 250-251 AD
AE 27 mm 9.62 g
O: IMP C VIBIO TREBON GALLO AVG
LAUR DR BUST R
R: PROVINCIA DACIA
DACIA STANDING BETWEEN EAGLE & LION, HOLDING BRANCH & PARAZONIUM
ANV IN EXE
DACIA, MOESIA SUPERIOR
AMNG 1/1(50) K(27) RARElaney
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0081 - Denarius Septimius Severus 201-10 ACObv/SEVERVS PIVS AVG, laureate head of Septimiusr.
Rev/INDULGENTIA AVGG, Dea Caelestis riding r. on a lion, holding thunderbolt and sceptre; below, waters gushing from rock.
Ag, 18.3mm, 3.25g
Mint: Rome.
RIC IVa/266 [C] - BMCRE V/335
ex-A.L.Romero Martíndafnis
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020a, CARIA, Knidos. Circa 465-449 BC. AR Drachm.CARIA, Knidos. Circa 465-449 BC. AR Drachm - 16mm (6.06 g). Obverse: forepart of roaring lion right; Reverse: archaic head of Aphrodite right, hair bound with taenia. Cahn 80 (V38/R53); SNG Helsinki 132 (same dies); SNG Copenhagen 232 (same dies). Toned, near VF, good metal. Ex Barry P. Murphy.
While this coin falls within the time frame that numismatists call "Classical" Greek coinage, I have chosen to place it in both the "Archaic" (coin 020a) and "Classical" Greek sections of my collection. This specimen is one of those wonderful examples of transition--it incorporates many elements of the "Archaic" era, although it is struck during the "Classical" Greek period and anticipates characteristics of the later period.
As noted art historian Patricia Lawrence has pointed out, "[this specimen portrays] A noble-headed lion, a lovely Late Archaic Aphrodite, and [is made from]. . . beautiful metal." The Archaic Aphrodite is reminiscent of certain portraits of Arethusa found on tetradrachms produced in Syracuse in the first decade of the 5th century BC.
Knidos was a city of high antiquity and as a Hellenic city probably of Lacedaemonian colonization. Along with Halicarnassus (present day Bodrum, Turkey) and Kos, and the Rhodian cities of Lindos, Kamiros and Ialyssos it formed the Dorian Hexapolis, which held its confederate assemblies on the Triopian headland, and there celebrated games in honour of Apollo, Poseidon and the nymphs.
The city was at first governed by an oligarchic senate, composed of sixty members, and presided over by a magistrate; but, though it is proved by inscriptions that the old names continued to a very late period, the constitution underwent a popular transformation. The situation of the city was favourable for commerce, and the Knidians acquired considerable wealth, and were able to colonize the island of Lipara, and founded a city on Corcyra Nigra in the Adriatic. They ultimately submitted to Cyrus, and from the battle of Eurymedon to the latter part of the Peloponnesian War they were subject to Athens.
In their expansion into the region, the Romans easily obtained the allegiance of Knidians, and rewarded them for help given against Antiochus by leaving them the freedom of their city.
During the Byzantine period there must still have been a considerable population: for the ruins contain a large number of buildings belonging to the Byzantine style, and Christian sepulchres are common in the neighbourhood.
Eudoxus, the astronomer, Ctesias, the writer on Persian history, and Sostratus, the builder of the celebrated Pharos at Alexandria, are the most remarkable of the Knidians mentioned in history.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnidus
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.Cleisthenes
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020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Troas, Ilion, Asia (conventus of Adramyteum), RPC II 0893, AE-21, Confronted, laureate and draped busts of Titus right and Domitian left #1020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Troas, Ilion, Asia (conventus of Adramyteum), RPC II 0893, AE-21, Confronted, laureate and draped busts of Titus right and Domitian left #1
avers: (AYTOK K CEBAC) OYECPACIANOC, Laureate head of Vespasian right
reverse: TITω KAICAP I ΔOMITIANΩ KA IΛI, Confronted, laureate and draped busts of Titus right and Domitian left. Between them, cult image of Athena, standing on a low base, turned half left, brandishing spear and resting a hand on the shield.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 19,5-21,0mm, weight: 8,25g, axis: 0h,
mint: City: Ilium, Region: Troas, Province: Asia (conventus of Adramyteum),
date: 69-79 A.D.,
ref: RPC II 0893, Bellinger T127, BMC 46, SNG Cop 392,
Q-001quadrans
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033 Albert., King of Hungary, (1437-1439 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-592, C2-135B, U-461.h., P-127-07, #01033 Albert., King of Hungary, (1437-1439 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-592, C2-135B, U-461.h., P-127-07, #01
avers: ✠ m•ALBЄRTI•R•VnGARIЄ••, Patriarchal Cross, K-R over +, in a circle, line border.
reverse: Four-part shield (Hungarian stripes in the middle, Czech lion, Austrian band, Moravian eagle around), the border of dots,
exergue, mint mark: K/R over +//-- , diameter: 14,0-14,5mm, weight: 0,47g, axis: 1h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica, Konrad Rudel by Pohl), date:1439 A.D. (by Pohl), ref: Huszár-592, CNH-2-135B, Unger-461.h., Pohl-127-07,
Q-001
This coin was struck under the Interregnum I. (1439-1440 A.D.) with the name of Abert!
 quadrans
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033 Albert., King of Hungary, (1437-1439 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-592, C2-135B, U-461.i., P-127-08, #01033 Albert., King of Hungary, (1437-1439 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-592, C2-135B, U-461.i., P-127-08, #01
avers: ✠ m•ALBERTI•R•VnGARIЄ, Patriarchal Cross, n-S, in a circle, line border.
reverse: Four-part shield (Hungarian stripes in the middle, Czech lion, Austrian band, Moravian eagle around), a border of dots,
exergue, mint mark: n/S//-- , diameter: 13,5-14,2mm, weight: 0,44g, axis:6h,
mint: Hungary, Nagybánya (today Romania: Baia Mare, Stephanus Remetei by Pohl), date:1439 A.D. (by Pohl),
ref: Unger-461-i., CNH-2-135B, Huszár-592, Pohl-127-08,
Q-001
quadrans
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033 Albert., King of Hungary, (1437-1439 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-592, C2-135B, U-461.i., P-127-08, #02033 Albert., King of Hungary, (1437-1439 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-592, C2-135B, U-461.i., P-127-08, #02
avers: ✠ m•ALBERTI•R•VnGARIЄ, Patriarchal Cross, n-S, in a circle, line border.
reverse: Four-part shield (Hungarian stripes in the middle, Czech lion, Austrian band, Moravian eagle around), a border of dots,
exergue, mint mark: n/S//-- , diameter: 14,0-14,5mm, weight: 0,39g, axis:11h,
mint: Hungary, Nagybánya (today Romania: Baia Mare, Stephanus Remetei by Pohl), date:1439 A.D. (by Pohl),
ref: Unger-461-i., CNH-2-135B, Huszár-592, Pohl-127-08,
Q-002
quadrans
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033 Albert., King of Hungary, (1437-1439 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-592, C2-135B, U-461.q., P-127-09, #01033 Albert., King of Hungary, (1437-1439 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-592, C2-135B, U-461.q., P-127-09, #01
avers: ✠ m•ALBЄRTI•R•VnGARIЄ••, Patriarchal Cross, C-⚜, in a circle, line border.
reverse: Four-part shield (Hungarian stripes in the middle, Czech lion, Austrian band, Moravian eagle around), the border of dots,
exergue, mint mark: C/⚜//-- , diameter: 13,5-14,5mm, weight: 0,39g, axis: 7h,
mint: Hungary, Kassa (today Slovakia: Kosice, City coin by Pohl), date:1440 A.D. (by Pohl), ref: Huszár-592, CNH-2-135B, Unger-461.q., Pohl-127-09,
Q-001
This coin was struck under the Interregnum I. (1439-1440 A.D.) with the name of Abert!
quadrans
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033 Albert., King of Hungary, (1437-1439 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-592, C2-135B, U-461.s., P-127-11, #01033 Albert., King of Hungary, (1437-1439 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-592, C2-135B, U-461.s., P-127-11, #01
avers: ✠ m•ALBЄRTI•R•VnGARIЄ••, Patriarchal Cross, K-P, in a circle, line border.
reverse: Four-part shield (Hungarian stripes in the middle, Czech lion, Austrian band, Moravian eagle around), the border of dots,
exergue, mint mark: K/P//-- , diameter: 13,5-14,0mm, weight: 0,48g, axis: 4h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica, Konrad Polner by Pohl), date:1440 A.D. (by Pohl), ref: Huszár-592, CNH-2-135B, Unger-461.s., Pohl-127-11,
Q-001
This coin was struck under the Interregnum I. (1439-1440 A.D.) with the name of Abert!
quadrans
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034 Interregnum I., No King of Hungary, (1439-1440 A.D.) AR Denarius, U-464-a., Scarce!, #01034 Interregnum I., No King of Hungary, (1439-1440 A.D.) AR Denarius, U-464-a., Scarce!, #01
avers: K • + on R; border of dots.
reverse: Four-part shield (Hungarian stripes in the middle, Czech lion, Austrian band, Moravian eagle around), border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: K/+/R//-- were struck by Konrad Rudel (by Pohl), diameter: 14mm, weight: 0,50g, axis:8h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica), date:1439-1440 A.D., ref: Unger-464-a., CNH-2-137, Huszáar-595, Pohl-133-01,
Q-001quadrans
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034 Interregnum I., No King of Hungary, (1439-1440 A.D.) AR Denarius, U-464-a., Scarce!, #02034 Interregnum I., No King of Hungary, (1439-1440 A.D.) AR Denarius, U-464-a., Scarce!, #02
avers: K • + on R; border of dots.
reverse: Four-part shield (Hungarian stripes in the middle, Czech lion, Austrian band, Moravian eagle around), border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: K/+/R//-- were struck by Konrad Rudel (by Pohl), diameter: 14,4 mm, weight: 0,56g, axis:4-5h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica), date:1439-1440 A.D., ref: Unger-464-a., CNH-2-137, Huszár-595, Pohl-133-01,
Q-002quadrans
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037 János (Johannes or John) Hunyadi., Gubernator of Hungary, (1446-1453 A.D.) AR-Obulus, H-622, C2-158A, U-490.b., P-178-01, Patriarchal cross, B-I, #01037 János (Johannes or John) Hunyadi., Gubernator of Hungary, (1446-1453 A.D.) AR-Obulus, H-622, C2-158A, U-490.b., P-178-01, Patriarchal cross, B-I, #01
avers: Bohemian Lion with a crown advancing left in the circle, line border.
reverse: Patriarchal cross, in a circle, mint-mark on each side (B-I), border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: B/I//-- were strucked by Iohannes Münczer (by Pohl), diameter: 12,0mm, weight: 0,27g, axis: 0h,
mint: Hungary, Buda, date: 1447-1450 A.D. (by Pohl),
ref: Huszár-622, CNH-2-158A, Unger-490.b., Pohl-178-1,
Q-001quadrans
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040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Obulus, H-715, C2-216, U-576.b., P-215-03, K/I//--, Patriarchal cross #01040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Obulus, H-715, C2-216, U-576.b., P-215-03, K/I//--, Patriarchal cross #01
avers: Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, Bohemian lion, Bohemian lion, Árpádian stripes).
reverse: Patriarchal cross in the circle of line, mint-mark on each side (K-I); border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: K/I//--, were struck by Iohannes Constofer (by Pohl), diameter: 14,5-14,7mm, weight: 0,52g, axis: 1h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica), date: 1467 A.D.,
ref: Huszár-715, CNH-2-216, Unger-576b, Pohl 215-03,
Q-001quadrans
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049 Septimius Severus (193-211 A.D.), Rome, RIC IV-I 266, AR-Denarius, INDVLGENTIA AVG G, INCARTH, The Dea Caelestis, #1049 Septimius Severus (193-211 A.D.), Rome, RIC IV-I 266, AR-Denarius, INDVLGENTIA AVG G, INCARTH, The Dea Caelestis, #1
avers: SEVERVS PIVS AVG, Laureate bust right.
reverse: INDVLGEN TIA AVG G, The Dea Caelestis, wearing an elaborate headdress, looking right, riding right on a lion, holding thunderbolt and sceptre, below, water gushing from rocks at left.
exergue: -/-//INCARTH, diameter: 17,0-19,0mm, weight: 3,79g, axis: 1h,
mint: Rome, date: 203-04 A.D.,
ref: RIC IV-I 266, p-125, RSC 222, BMCRE 335,
Q-001quadrans
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049p Septimius Severus (193-211 A.D.), Moesia, Nicopolis Ad Istrum, HrHJ (2012) 08.14.53.05, AE-16, Lion advancing right, #1049p Septimius Severus (193-211 A.D.), Moesia, Nicopolis Ad Istrum, HrHJ (2012) 08.14.53.05, AE-16, Lion advancing right, #1
avers: AV K CEVHPOC, Laureate head right.
revers: NIKOΠOΛI ΠPOC /ICTP, Lion advancing right.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 15,0-16,0mm, weight: g, axes: h,
mint: Moesia, Nicopolis Ad Istrum, date: 193-211 A.D.,
ref: HrHJ (2012) 08.14.53.05, PB 1403-1405, HM 972,
Q-001quadrans
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050p Julia Domna (170-217 A.D.), Phrygia, Philomelion, BMC 14, AE-22, Tyche standing left, #1050p Julia Domna (170-217 A.D.), Phrygia, Philomelion, BMC 14, AE-22, Tyche standing left, #1
avers: IOVΛIA ΔOMNA CEB, Draped bust right.
reverse: ΦIΛOMHΛ EΠI AΔΡIANOY, Tyche standing left holding rudder and cornucopia.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 22,0mm, weight: 5,30g, axis:6 h,
mint: Phrygia, Philomelion, date: 170-217 A.D.,
ref: BMC 14, Sear GIC 2416.
Q-001quadrans
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064 - Septimius Severus denarius - RIC 266Obv:- SEVERVS PIVS AVG, Laureate head right
Rev:- INDVLGENTIA AVGG / IN CARTH, Dea Caelestis, goddess of Carthage, with elaborate headdress, looking front, riding right on springing lion, holding thunderbolt and sceptre, water gushing from rocks at left below
Minted in Rome, A.D. 203
References:- RIC 266 (Common), RCV02 6285, RSC222 maridvnvm
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064 - Septimius Severus denarius - RIC 266Obv:- SEVERVS PIVS AVG, laureate bust right
Rev:- INDVLGENTIA AVGG / IN CARTH, Dea Caelestis, goddess of Carthage, with elaborate headdress, looking front, riding right on springing lion, holding thunderbolt and sceptre, water gushing from rocks at left below
Minted in Rome, A.D. 203
Reference:- RIC 266. RSC 222.maridvnvm
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064 - Septimius Severus denarius - RIC 266Obv:- SEVERVS PIVS AVG, laureate bust right
Rev:- INDVLGENTIA AVGG / IN CARTH, Dea Caelestis, goddess of Carthage, with elaborate headdress, looking front, riding right on springing lion, holding thunderbolt and sceptre, water gushing from rocks at left below
Minted in Rome, A.D. 203
Reference:- RIC 266. RSC 222.maridvnvm
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064 - Septimius Severus denarius - RIC 274Denarius
Obv:- SEVERVS PIVS AVG, laureate head right
Rev:- LAETITIA above, TEMPORVM below, ship with mast and fittings, sail raised, gangway to ground; above, four quadrigae; below, bird, lion, zebra, bear, stag, bull and a bear
Minted in Rome. A.D. 206
Reference:- BMC 343. RIC 274. RSC 253.
ex CGB.frmaridvnvm
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064 - Septimius Severus denarius - RIC 274Denarius
Obv:- SEVERVS PIVS AVG, laureate head right
Rev:- LAETITIA above, TEMPORVM below, ship with mast and fittings, sail raised, gangway to ground; above, four quadrigae; below, bird, lion, zebra, bear, stag, bull and a bear
Minted in Rome. A.D. 206
Reference:- BMC 343. RIC 274. RSC 253.
ex CGB.fr
Updated image.maridvnvm
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074p Philippus I. (244-249 A.D.), Dacia, Dacia, PM 02-63-01, AE-Sestertius, -/-//AN•II•, PROVINCIA DACIA, Dacia standing left, Rare! #1074p Philippus I. (244-249 A.D.), Dacia, Dacia, PM 02-63-01, AE-Sestertius, -/-//AN•II•, PROVINCIA DACIA, Dacia standing left, Rare! #1
avers: IMP IVL PHILIPPVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right
reverse: PROVI N CIA DA CIA, Dacia sitting left, holding two standards, between an eagle and a lion, Year AN II in exergue.
exergue: -/-//AN•II•, diameter: 27,5mm, weight: 13,51g, axis: 1h,
mint: Dacia, date: 247-248 A.D., ref: Pick-12, PM-2-63-1, Mus-,
Q-001quadrans
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079p Traianus Decius (249-251 A.D.), Dacia, Dacia, PM 03-56-02, AE-Sestertius, -/-//ANV, PROVIN CIA DACIA, Dacia standing left, #1079p Traianus Decius (249-251 A.D.), Dacia, Dacia, PM 03-56-02, AE-Sestertius, -/-//ANV, PROVINCIA DACIA, Dacia standing left, #1
avers: IMP TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right
reverse: PROVIN CIA DACIA, Dacia standing left, holding branch in right hand, transverse sceptre surmounted by a small figure of victory in left hand, between an eagle and a lion, emblems of legions V (eagle) and XIII (lion). Year AN V in ex.
exergue: -/-//ANV, diameter: 28mm, weight: 13,40g, axis: 6h,
mint: Dacia, date: 250-251 A.D., ref: Pick-??, PM-3-56-2, Mus-??,
Q-001quadrans
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084p Volusian (251-253 A.D.), Moesia, Viminacium, PM 05-26-01, AE-Sestertius, P M S COL VIM, Viminacium or Moesia between bull and lion, #01084p Volusian (251-253 A.D.), Moesia, Viminacium, PM 05-26-01, AE-Sestertius, P M S COL VIM, Viminacium or Moesia between bull and lion, #01
avers: IMP CAE C VIB VOLVSIANO AVG, Laureate draped bust right.
reverse: P M S C OL VIM, Female figure (Viminacium or Provincia Moesia) standing, facing left, between bull to left and lion to right, in ex. AN XIII.
exergue: AN XIII, diameter: 26,0mm, weight: 9,88g, axis: 11h,
mint: Moesia, Viminacium, date: 251-252 A.D.,
ref: PM 5-26-1, Pick 175, Mus-,
Q-001quadrans
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084p Volusian (251-253 A.D.), Moesia, Viminacium, PM 05-26-05, AE-Sestertius, P M S COL VIM, Viminacium or Moesia between bull and lion, #01084p Volusian (251-253 A.D.), Moesia, Viminacium, PM 05-26-05, AE-Sestertius, P M S COL VIM, Viminacium or Moesia between bull and lion, #01
avers: IMP CAE C VIB VOLVSIANO AVG, Laureate draped bust right.
reverse: P M S C OL VIM, Female figure (Viminacium or Provincia Moesia) standing, facing left, between bull to left and lion to right, in ex. AN XIII.
exergue: AN XIII, diameter: 26,0-27,2mm, weight: 12,38g, axis: 0h,
mint: Moesia, Viminacium, date: 251-252 A.D.,
ref: PM 5-26-5, Pick 175, Mus-,
Q-001quadrans
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088p Valerian I. (253-260 A.D.), Dacia, Dacia, PM 07-54-01, AE-Sestertius, -/-//ANVIII, PROVINCIA DACIA, Dacia standing left, Rare!088p Valerian I. (253-260 A.D.), Dacia, Dacia, PM 07-54-01, AE-Sestertius, -/-//ANVIII, PROVINCIA DACIA, Dacia standing left, Rare!
avers: IMP P LIC VALERIANO AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: PROVIN CIA DACIA, Dacia standing left, holding two standards, between an eagle and a lion, Year ANVIII in exergue.
exergue: -/-//ANVIII, diameter: 25mm, weight: 9,73g, axis: h,
mint: Dacia, date: 253-254 A.D., ref: Pick-61var??, PM-7-54-1, Mus-23var??,
Q-001quadrans
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088p Valerian I. (253-260 A.D.), Dacia, Dacia, PM 07-59-??, AE-Sestertius, -/-//ANX, PROVINCIA DACIA, Dacia standing left, Rare!088p Valerian I. (253-260 A.D.), Dacia, Dacia, PM 07-59-??, AE-Sestertius, -/-//ANX, PROVINCIA DACIA, Dacia standing left, Rare!
avers: IMP P L VALERIANVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right
reverse: PROVINCI A D ACIA, Dacia standing left, between an eagle and a lion, right hand holding serpent, left hand holding standards, Year ANX in exergue.
exergue: -/-//ANX, diameter: 26,5-28,5mm, weight: 8,75g, axis: 11h,
mint: Dacia, date: 255-256 A.D., ref: Pick-63var??, PM-7-59-???, Mus-??,
Q-001quadrans
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089 - Philip 'sestertius' - Viminacium, Moesia Superior, year XIObv:- IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG, laureate, draped & curiassed bust right
Rev:- P M S COL VIM, Moesia standing left between bull & lion, AN XI in exergue.
Struck at Viminacium, Moesia Superior, Year 11 (July A.D. 249 - August A.D. 249)
References:- Pick 106 - Martin 2.18.1 - Varbanov - (Verg. 160)
13.96g. 27.40 mm. 0 degreesmaridvnvm
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1302a, Maximian, 285 - 305, 306 - 308, and 310 A.D.Maximianus AE Antoninianus. RIC V Part II 506 Bust Type C. Cohen 355; VF; Minted in Rome A.D. 285-286. Obverse: IMP MAXIMIANVS P F AVG, radiate, draped & cuirassed bust right; Rverse: IOVI CONSERVAT AVGG, Jupiter standing left holding thunderbolt & scepter, XXIZ in exergue. Ex maridvnvm.
De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families
Maximian, 285-305, 306-308, and 310 A.D.
Michael DiMaio, Jr.
Salve Regina University
Perhaps born ca. 249/250 A.D. in Sirmium in the area of the Balkans, Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus, more commonly known as Maximianus Herculius (Maximian), had been a soldier before he put on the purple. A fellow soldier with the Emperor Diocletian, he had served in the military during the reigns of Aurelian and Probus.
When the Emperor Diocletian determined that the empire was too large for one man to govern on his own, he made Maximian his Caesar in 285/6 and elevated him to the rank of Augustus in perhaps the spring of 286. While Diocletian ruled in the East, Maximian ruled in the West. In 293, in order to maintain and to strengthen the stability of the empire, Diocletian appointed Constantius I Chlorus to serve Maximian as a Caesar in the West, while Galerius did the same job in the East. This arrangement, called the "Tetrarchy", was meant not only to provide a stronger foundation for the two emperors' rule, but also to end any possible fighting over the succession to the throne once the two senior Augusti had left the throne--a problem which had bedeviled the principate since the time of the Emperor Augustus. To cement the relationship between Maximian and his Caesar, Constantius married Maximian's elder daughter Theodora. A decade later, Constantius' son Constantine would marry Maximia's younger daughter Fausta.
On 1 May 305 Diocletian, at Nicomedeia, and Maximian, at Mediolanum, divested themselves of the purple. Their resignations seem largely due to the almost fatal illness that Diocletian contracted toward the end of 304. Diocletian seems to have forced his colleague to abdicate. In any case, Herculius had sworn an oath at the temple of Capitoline Jupiter to carry out the terms of the abdication. Constantius and Galerius were appointed as Augusti, with Maximinus Daia and Severus as the new Caesars. The retired emperors then returned to private life. Diocletian's retirement was at Salonae in Dalmatia, while Herculius' retreat was either in Lucania or Campania.
Maximian's retirement, however, was of short duration because, a little more than a year later on 28 October 306, his son Maxentius was proclaimed emperor at Rome. To give his regime an aura of legitimacy, Maximian was forced to affirm his son's acclamation. When Galerius learned of Maxentius' rebellion, he sent Severus against him with an army that had formerly been under his father's command. Maxentius invested his father with the purple again to win over his enemy's troops, a ruse which succeeded. Perhaps to strengthen his own position, in 307 Maximian went to Gaul and married his daughter Fausta to Constantine. When Constantine refused to become embroiled in the civil war between Galerius and Maxentius, Maximian returned to Rome in 308 and attempted to depose his son; however, he did not succeed. When Maximian was unable to convince Diocletian to take up the purple again at a meeting in Carnuntum in late 308, he returned to his son-in-law's side in Gaul.
Although Maximian was treated with all of the respect due a former emperor, he still desired to be more than a figurehead. He decided to seize the purple from Constantine when his son-in-law least expected it. His opportunity came in the summer of 310 when the Franks revolted. When Constantine had taken a small part of his army into enemy territory, Maximian proclaimed himself again emperor and paid the soldiers under his command a donative to secure their loyalty. As soon as Constantine received news about Maximian's revolt in July 310, he went south and reached Arelate before his father-in-law could mount a defense of the city. Although Maximian fled to Massilia, his son-in-law seized the city and took Maximian prisoner. Although he was deprived of the purple, he was granted pardon for his crimes. Unable to endure the humiliation of his defeat, he attempted to have Constantine murdered in his bed. The plot failed because he tried to get his daughter Fausta's help in the matter; she chose to reveal the matter to her husband. Because of this attempt on his son-in-law's life Maximian was dead by the end of July either by his own hand or on the orders of his intended victim.
Eutropia was of Syrian extraction and her marriage to Maximian seems to have been her second. She bore him two children: Maxentius and Fausta. An older daughter, Theodora, may have been a product of her first marriage. Fausta became the wife of Constantine I , while her sister Theodora was the second spouse of his father Constantius I Chlorus . Eutropia apparently survived all her children, with the possible exception of her daughter Fausta who seems to have died in 326. Eutropia is also said to have become a Christian.
By Michael DiMaio, Jr., Salve Regina University
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr. Cleisthenes
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1302b, Maximian, 285-305, 306-308, and 310 A.D., commemorative issued by Constantine the Great (Siscia)Maximian, 285-305, 306-308, and 310 A.D., commemorative issued by Constantine the Great. Bronze AE3, RIC 41, VF, Siscia, 1.30g, 16.1mm, 0o, 317-318 A.D. Obverse: DIVO MAXIMIANO SEN FORT IMP, laureate and veiled head right; Reverse: REQVIES OPTIMO-RVM MERITORVM, Emperor seated left on curule chair, raising hand and holding scepter, SIS in exergue; scarce (R3).
De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families
Maximian, 285-305, 306-308, and 310 A.D.
Michael DiMaio, Jr.
Salve Regina University
Perhaps born ca. 249/250 A.D. in Sirmium in the area of the Balkans, Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus, more commonly known as Maximianus Herculius (Maximian), had been a soldier before he put on the purple. A fellow soldier with the Emperor Diocletian, he had served in the military during the reigns of Aurelian and Probus.
When the Emperor Diocletian determined that the empire was too large for one man to govern on his own, he made Maximian his Caesar in 285/6 and elevated him to the rank of Augustus in perhaps the spring of 286. While Diocletian ruled in the East, Maximian ruled in the West. In 293, in order to maintain and to strengthen the stability of the empire, Diocletian appointed Constantius I Chlorus to serve Maximian as a Caesar in the West, while Galerius did the same job in the East. This arrangement, called the "Tetrarchy", was meant not only to provide a stronger foundation for the two emperors' rule, but also to end any possible fighting over the succession to the throne once the two senior Augusti had left the throne--a problem which had bedeviled the principate since the time of the Emperor Augustus. To cement the relationship between Maximian and his Caesar, Constantius married Maximian's elder daughter Theodora. A decade later, Constantius' son Constantine would marry Maximia's younger daughter Fausta.
On 1 May 305 Diocletian, at Nicomedeia, and Maximian, at Mediolanum, divested themselves of the purple. Their resignations seem largely due to the almost fatal illness that Diocletian contracted toward the end of 304. Diocletian seems to have forced his colleague to abdicate. In any case, Herculius had sworn an oath at the temple of Capitoline Jupiter to carry out the terms of the abdication. Constantius and Galerius were appointed as Augusti, with Maximinus Daia and Severus as the new Caesars. The retired emperors then returned to private life. Diocletian's retirement was at Salonae in Dalmatia, while Herculius' retreat was either in Lucania or Campania.
Maximian's retirement, however, was of short duration because, a little more than a year later on 28 October 306, his son Maxentius was proclaimed emperor at Rome. To give his regime an aura of legitimacy, Maximian was forced to affirm his son's acclamation. When Galerius learned of Maxentius' rebellion, he sent Severus against him with an army that had formerly been under his father's command. Maxentius invested his father with the purple again to win over his enemy's troops, a ruse which succeeded. Perhaps to strengthen his own position, in 307 Maximian went to Gaul and married his daughter Fausta to Constantine. When Constantine refused to become embroiled in the civil war between Galerius and Maxentius, Maximian returned to Rome in 308 and attempted to depose his son; however, he did not succeed. When Maximian was unable to convince Diocletian to take up the purple again at a meeting in Carnuntum in late 308, he returned to his son-in-law's side in Gaul.
Although Maximian was treated with all of the respect due a former emperor, he still desired to be more than a figurehead. He decided to seize the purple from Constantine when his son-in-law least expected it. His opportunity came in the summer of 310 when the Franks revolted. When Constantine had taken a small part of his army into enemy territory, Maximian proclaimed himself again emperor and paid the soldiers under his command a donative to secure their loyalty. As soon as Constantine received news about Maximian's revolt in July 310, he went south and reached Arelate before his father-in-law could mount a defense of the city. Although Maximian fled to Massilia, his son-in-law seized the city and took Maximian prisoner. Although he was deprived of the purple, he was granted pardon for his crimes. Unable to endure the humiliation of his defeat, he attempted to have Constantine murdered in his bed. The plot failed because he tried to get his daughter Fausta's help in the matter; she chose to reveal the matter to her husband. Because of this attempt on his son-in-law's life Maximian was dead by the end of July either by his own hand or on the orders of his intended victim.
Eutropia was of Syrian extraction and her marriage to Maximian seems to have been her second. She bore him two children: Maxentius and Fausta. An older daughter, Theodora, may have been a product of her first marriage. Fausta became the wife of Constantine I , while her sister Theodora was the second spouse of his father Constantius I Chlorus . Eutropia apparently survived all her children, with the possible exception of her daughter Fausta who seems to have died in 326. Eutropia is also said to have become a Christian.
By Michael DiMaio, Jr., Salve Regina University
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.Cleisthenes
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1619 MYSIA, Hadrianeia Hadrian, Cybele seatedReference.
RPC III, 1619/10; von Fritze 445, SNG France 1035
Obv. ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ ΑΥΓΟΥϹΤΟϹ
Bare head of Hadrian, right
Rev. ΑΔΡΙΑΝΕΩΝ
Cybele seated l., holding patera in extended r. hand, l. arm resting on drum; at her feet, lion, l.
7.49 gr
25 mm
6hokidoki
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1793 AE Halfpenny, Emsworth, Hampshire.Obverse: PEACE AND PLENTY. Dove carrying olive-branch flying above cornucopia spilling out the fruits of the earth.
Reverse: HALFPENNY. Britannia, portrayed as a helmeted, plumed and draped female figure wearing a breastplate emblazoned with the union flag, seated facing left on tea-chest; her right hand resting on a terrestrial globe and her left arm on an anchor; a crowned lion, it's head turned facing, reclining left at her feet; in exergue, 1793.
Edge: “CURRENT EVERY WHERE ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦".
Diameter: 29mm
Dalton & Hamer: 11
Issued by John Stride, a grocer and tea dealer from Hampshire, this token was manufactured by Peter Kempson in Birmingham and the dies were engraved by Thomas Wyon. This token is a mule of the reverse of Dalton & Hamer 10 (Hampshire), here used as the obverse and the reverse of Dalton & Hamer 11. It may have originally been intended that these mules would be sold to collectors, but as a large number exist it seems that they must have been sold to merchants and entered general circulation.
*Alex
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1794 AE Halfpenny, Norwich, Norfolk.Obverse: R • CAMPIN • HABERDASHER. Stocking and glove above crossed knife and fork; in exergue, •GOAT•LANE•/NORWICH.
Reverse: HALFPENNY. Britannia, portrayed as a helmeted, plumed and draped female figure wearing a breastplate emblazoned with the union flag, seated facing left on tea-chest; her right hand resting on a terrestrial globe and her left arm on an anchor; a crowned lion, it's head turned facing, reclining left at her feet; in exergue, 1794.
Edge: “CURRENT EVERY WHERE ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦".
Diameter: 29mm
Dalton & Hamer: 21
Issued by Robert Campin, a haberdasher with a business in Goat Lane, Norwich, this token was probably manufactured by Peter Kempson in Birmingham, the dies engraved by Thomas Wyon.
*Alex
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1870 Spain Bronze Cinco Centimos coin - One Year Type-
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Spain, 1870 - Cinco Centimos.
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*Enlarge for full detail.*
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~rexesq
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1870 Spain Bronze Cinco Centimos coin - One Year Type.-
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Spain, 1870 - Cinco Centimos.
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-rexesq
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1870 Spain Bronze Cinco Centimos coin - One Year Type.-
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Spain, 1870 - Cinco Centimos.
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-rexesq
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1939: Five francs of Leopold IIIKing Leopold III. Cupro-nickel 5 Francs. 1939.
Seated lion, right, with 1939 / Three provincial coats of arms.Belisarius
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1939: One franc of Leopold IIIKing Leopold III. Cupro-nickel 1 Franc. 1939.
Seated lion, right, with 1939 / Three provincial coats of arms.Belisarius
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1cq Trajan Decius249-251
Sestertius
Laureate, cuirassed bust, right, MP C M Q TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG
Dacia standing left holding draco standard, or staff surmounted by a donkey's head, DACIA SC
RIC 101b
The Byzantine historian Zosimus recorded in his New History: [Philip], thinking that he had by these means established himself in the possession of the empire, he made an expedition against the Carpi, who had plundered all the country about the Ister. . . . As there were at that time many disturbances in the empire, the eastern provinces, which were uneasy, partly, owing to the exactions of exorbitant tributes, and partly to their dislike of Priscus, their governor, who was a man of an intolerably evil disposition, wished for innovation, and set up Papianus for emperor, while the inhabitants of Moesia and Pannonia were more inclined to Marinus.
Philip, being disturbed by these events, desired the senate cither to assist him against such imminent dangers, or, if they were displeased with his government, to suffer him to lay it down and dismiss him quietly. No person making a reply to this, Decius, a person of illustrious birth and rank, and moreover gifted, with every virtue, observed, that he was unwise in being so much concerned at those events, for they would vanish of themselves, and could not possibly long subsist. And though the event corresponded with the conjecture of Decius, which long experience in the world had enabled him to make, Papianus and Marinus being taken off, yet Philip was still in fear, knowing how obnoxious the officers in that country were to the army. He therefore desired Decius to assume the command of the legions in Moesia and Pannonia. As he refused this under the plea that it was inconvenient both for Philip and himself, Philip made use of the rhetoric of necessity, as the Thessalians term it, and compelled him to go to Pannonia to punish the accomplices of Marinus. The army in that country, finding that Decius punished all that had offended, thought it most politic to avoid the present danger and to set up a sovereign who would better consult the good of the state, and who, being more expert both in civil and military affairs, might without difficulty conquer Philip.
For this purpose they clothed Decius in purple, and notwithstanding all his apprehensions of future mischances, compelled him to assume the supreme authority. Philip therefore, on hearing that Decius was thus made emperor, collected all his forces to overpower him. The supporters of Decius, though they knew that the enemy had greatly the advantage in numbers, still retained their confidence, trusting to the general skill and prudence of Decius in affairs. And when the two armies engaged, although the one was superior in number, yet the other so excelled it in discipline and conduct, that a great number of Philip's partisans were slain and he himself amongst them, together with his son, on whom he had conferred the title of Caesar. Decius thus acquired the empire.
The Scythians, taking advantage of the disorder which every where prevailed through the negligence of Philip, crossed the Tanais, and pillaged the countries in the vicinity of Thrace. But Decius, marching against them, was not only victorious in every battle, but recovered the spoils they had taken, and endeavoured to cut off their retreat to their own country, intending to destroy them all, to prevent their ever again, making a similar incursion. For this purpose he posted Gallus on the bank of the Tanais with a competent force, and led in person the remainder of his army against the enemy. This expedition exceeded to his utmost wish; but Gallus, who was disposed to innovation, sent agents to the Barbarians, requesting their concurrence in a conspiracy against Decius. To this they gave a willing assent, and Gallus retained his post on the bank of the Tanais, but the Barbarians divided themselves into three battalions, the first of which posted itself behind a marsh. Decius having destroyed a considerable number of the first battalion, the second advanced, which he likewise defeated, and discovered part of the third, which lay near the marsh. Gallus sent intelligence to him, that he might march against them across the fen. Proceeding therefore incautiously in an unknown place, he and his army became entangled in the mire, and under that disadvantage were so assailed by the missiles of the Barbarians, that not one of them escaped with life. Thus ended the life of the excellent emperor Decius.
Eutropius wrote: DECIUS, a native of Lower Pannonia, born at Budalia, assumed the government. . . . When he and his son had reigned two years, they were both killed in the country of the Barbarians, and enrolled among the gods. Blindado
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2014.061.3Siscia, 3.64 g
Obverse: IMP C M AVR PROBVS PF AVG; Radiate, wearing Imperial Mantle, bust left, holding scepter surmounted by eagle.
Reverse: P M TRI P COS II PP; XXIS in exergue; Lion, walking left, before him, on left, an ox head.
Ref: RIC 611; Alfoldi Type 44, no. 22;gordian_guy
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2014.061.7Siscia, 3.25 g
Obverse: IMP C M AVR PROBVS PF AVG; Radiate, cuirassed bust left; spear in right hand over right shoulder; shield on left shoulder.
Reverse: P M TRI P COS II PP; XXIS in exergue; Lion, radiate, walking right with thunderbolt in mouth.
Ref: RIC 611; Alfoldi Type 45, no. 10;gordian_guy
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2022 South African 1oz Silver LionSouth Africa, 1oz Silver Lion, 5 Rand, 2022, The Big Five Series II: Lion commemorative, SCWC KM 759, second coin in series, BU, edge milled, weight 31.21g (ASW 1oz), composition 0.999 Ag, diameter 38.725mm, thickness 2.84mm, die axis 0°, South African mint, 2022; obverse head of lion facing half-right, SOUTH AFRICA-BIG FIVE 2022 arcing below, divided by small shield of Arms of South Africa inscribed with tiny Khoisan motto !KE E: /XARRA //KE (Diverse People Unite) on ribbon in circle, engraved by Paul Botes and designed by JA Geldenhuys/RC Stone, raised border surrounding; reverse 1OZ across centre, FIVE RAND arcing above and Ag 999 arcing below around inner annulus, two halves of lion's head facing, PB (Paul Botes) monogram below left, designed by JA Geldenhuys/RC Stone, raised border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex EMK Coins & Precious Metals (19 Feb 2024); £50.85.Serendipity
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203. MACRINUSMACRINUS. 217-218 AD.
Caracalla's mother, Julia Domna, had toyed with the idea of raising a rebellion against Macrinus shortly after her son's murder, but the empress was uncertain of success and already suffering from breast cancer. She chose to starve herself to death instead.
The grandchildren of her sister, Julia Maesa, would become the focus of the successful uprising that began on 15 May 218. Her 14-year-old grandson Avitus (known to history as Elagabalus) was proclaimed emperor by one the legions camped near the family's hometown of Emesa. Other troops quickly joined the rebellion, but Macrinus marshalled loyal soldiers to crush the revolt. Macrinus also promoted his son to the rank of emperor.
The forces met in a village outside Antioch on 8 June 218. Despite the inexperience of the leaders of the rebel army, Macrinus was defeated. He sent his son, Diadumenianus, with an ambassador to the Parthian king, while Macrinus himself prepared to flee to Rome. Macrinus traveled across Asia Minor disguised as a courier and nearly made it to Europe, but he was captured in Chalcedon. Macrinus was transported to Cappadocia, where he was executed. Diadumenianus had also been captured (at Zeugma) and was similarly put to death.
Contemporaries tended to portray Macrinus as a fear-driven parvenu who was able to make himself emperor but was incapable of the leadership required by the job. An able administrator, Macrinus lacked the aristocratic connections and personal bravado that might have won him legitimacy. His short reign represented a brief interlude of Parthian success during what would prove the final decade of the Parthian empire.
AR Denarius (18mm 3.55 gm). IMP C M OPEL SEV MACRINVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust with short beard right / SALVS PVBLICA, Salus seated left, feeding snake rising up from altar, holding sceptre in left. RIC IV 86; Good VF; Ex-CNGecoli
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22129 C Poblicius Roma/Hercules22129 C Poblicius Roma/Hercules
C. Poblicius Q.f. 80 BC.
AR Serrate Denarius
Obv: ROMA behind bust
Helmeted and draped bust of Roma right; H above
Rev: C•POBLICI•Q[•F] upwards to right.
Hercules strangling the Nemean lion, club at his feet, bow and arrow in quiver on left; H on left.
Mint: Rome 19.0mm 3.8g
Crawford 380/1; Sydenham 768; Poblicia 9.
Blayne W
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2474 PHRYGIA, Traianopolis Pseudo-autonomous under Hadrian CybeleReference.
RPC III, 2474/18; vA, Phryg., 1344-53, 1365-9
Obv. ΔΗΜΟС
Head of Demos, r.
Rev. ΤΡΑΙΑΝΟΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ
Cybele seated l., holding patera in her extended r. hand, l. arm resting on tympanon; at her feet, lion, left
4.64 gr
18 mm
6hokidoki
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261/1. Domitia - denarius (128 BC)AR Denarius (Rome, 128 BC)
O/ Helmeted head of Roma right; corn-ear behind; XVI below chin.
R/ Victory in biga right, holding reins in left hand and whip in right hand; ROMA above; man fighting lion below; CN DOM in exergue.
3.84g; 18mm
Crawford 261/1 (71 obverse dies/89 reverse dies)
* Gnaeus Domitius (Calvinus?):
Our moneyer belonged to the old plebeian gens Domitia, but his identity is unknown. Babelon and ancient numismatists thought he was Ahenobarbus, the Consul of 96 BC, but it is not possible as he was already moneyer in 118 (the Narbo issue). Crawford postulated that he was from a collateral branch of the Ahenobarbi, and therefore a cousin of the Consul of 96, because he considered here that the Senatus Consultum De Agro Pergameno dates from 131 BC, but it is now dated 101, thus the Cn. Domitius Cn. f. mentioned there is doubtless the future Consul of 96*.
Gnaeus Domitius was more likely a Calvinus, from the other main stirps of the Domitii, but none of them is known during the 2nd century.
The figure below the chariot on the reverse is quite mysterious. Earlier numismatists thought it was a reference to the dogs fought by Ahenobarbus, the Consul of 122 who vanquished the Allobroges, but it is impossible as the battle was fought in 121, seven years after the denarius. Crawford considers the beast to be a lion, and therefore a reference to games organised by an Aedile; the corn-ear on the obverse would be a further reference to an aedileship.
* Harold B. Mattingly, "The Date of the Senatus Consultum De Agro Pergameno" in The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 93, n°3, 1972, pp. 412-423.Joss
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286Maximianus I 286-305 AD
AE antoninianus
Lugdunum Mint
IMP C MAXIMIANVS PF AVG
Radiate, helmeted & cuirassed bust right
VIRTVTI AVGG
Hercules stg right wrestling lion, club at feet
-/-/-
RIC 454mauseus
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3263 CILICIA, Tarsus Hadrian Tridrachm Lion attacking BullReference.
RPC III, 3263; SNG France 1400; Prieur 764
Obv. ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙ ΘΕ ΤΡΑ ΠΑΡ ΥΙ ΘΕ ΝΕΡ ΥΙ ΤΡΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ ϹΕ
Laureate head of Hadrian, r. with drapery on l. shoulder
Rev. ΤΑΡϹΕΩΝ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕΩϹ
Lion, l., attacking bull kneeling, l.
9.78 gr
26 mm
12hokidoki
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3264 CILICIA, Tarsus Hadrian Tridrachm Lion attacking BullReference.
RPC III, 3264/24; Prieur 765; vA 5986
Obv. ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙ ΘΕ ΤΡΑ ΠΑΡ ΥΙ ΘΕ ΝΕΡ ΥΙ ΤΡΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ ϹΕ
Laureate head of Hadrian, r. with drapery on l. shoulder, and Balteus strap
Rev. ΤΑΡϹΕΩΝ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕΩϹ
Lion, l., attacking bull kneeling, l.
10.16 gr
26 mm
12hokidoki
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3265 CILICIA, Tarsus Hadrian Tridrachm Lion attacking BullReference.
RPC III, 3265/15; SNG France 1398-9; Prieur 766
Obv. ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙ ΘΕ ΤΡΑ ΠΑΡ ΥΙ ΘΕ ΝΕΡ ΥΙ ΤΡΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ ϹΕ
Laureate and cuirassed (decorated with gorgoneion) bust of Hadrian, r.
Rev. ΤΑΡϹΕΩΝ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕΩϹ
Lion, l., attacking bull kneeling, l.
9.73 gr
25 mm
12hokidoki
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3266 CILICIA, Tarsus Hadrian Tridrachm Sandan Reference.
RPC III 3266/17; Prieur 767; SNG BN 1407-9.
Issue Second group
Obv. ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙ ΘΕ ΤΡΑ ΠΑΡ ΥΙ ΘΕ ΝΕΡ ΥΙ ΤΡΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ ϹΕ.
Laureate head of Hadrian, r. with drapery on l. shoulder
Rev. ΤΑΡϹΕΩΝ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕΩϹ.
Sandan, wearing tall headdress and long cloak, standing, r., on horned lion; he wears on his l. side bow-case and sword crossing the bow-case; his r. hand is raised and he holds bipennis and wreath in l.
10.20 gr
25 mm
12h
Note.
Sandan was a Hittite High God, and like all the High Gods, his feet were believed never to touch the earth. Riding on the back of a powerful mythical animal, as Sandan does here with a horned lion, was an often-used means of transportation for these Gods. Sandan's appearance on a 2nd Century AD Cilician coin shows the lasting impact of the Hittite occupation of Cilicia, which occurred 18 centuries before this coin was struck.okidoki
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3303 CILICIA, Tarsus, Pseudo-autonomous under Hadrian, Perseus standingReference.
RPC III, 3303/11; SNG BN 1437-41;
Obv. ΑΔΡΙΑΝΗϹ ΤΑΡϹΕΩΝ
Head of bearded Heracles r., crowned with oak-leaves, club on l. shoulder
Rev. ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕΩϹ
Perseus, wearing winged sandals, standing, l., holding cult statue of Apollo holding wolves in r. hand, chlamys and harpe in l.; at his feet, lion, l., attacking bull kneeling, l.; in field, l., ΒΟΗ/ΘΟΥ disposed either vertically, either horizontally
16.01 gr
30 mm
12hokidoki
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3310 CILICIA, Tarsus, Pseudo-autonomous under Hadrian, SandanReference.
RPC III, 3310/8; SNG France 1432
Obv. ΤΑΡϹΟΥ
Veiled and draped bust of ?, l.; above, star
Rev. ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕ
Sandan standing, r. on horned lion, with bow-case on l. shoulder, raising r. hand and holding wreath in left
3.41 gr
16 mm
12hokidoki
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380C Poblici Q F; c.80 BC
AR denarius
Obv Helmeted head of Roma right, G above
Rev "C POBLICI Q F"
Hercules strangling Nemean lion, quiver left field, club below, G above
Rome mint
Crawford 380mauseus
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507. MagnentiusMagnentius (ruled AD January 18, 350–August 11, 353), was a Roman usurper.
Dissatisfaction amongst the ranks of the Roman army with Constans came to a head with the elevation of Magnentius at Autun on January 18, 350. Constans was abandoned by all except a handful of retainers, and he was slain shortly afterwards by a troop of light cavalry near the Pyrenees.
Magnentius quickly attracted the loyalty of the provinces in Britain, Gaul, and the rest of western Europe, in part because he proved to be far more tolerant towards both Christians and pagans.
The remaining emperor of the family of Constantine the Great, Constantius II broke off his war in the east with Persia, and marched west. Their armies met in the Battle of Mursa Major in 351; Magnentius led his troops into battle, while Constantius spent the day of battle praying in a nearby church. Despite Magnentius' heroism, his troops were defeated and forced to retreat back to Gaul.
As a result of Magnentius' defeat, Italy ejected his garrisons and rejoined the loyalist cause. Magnentius made a final stand in 353 in the Battle of Mons Seleucus, after which he committed suicide.
Following the suppression of Magnentius' rebellion, Constantius commanded an investigation be made to find his followers. The most notorious agent in this search was the primicerius notorarum Paulus Catena.
Magnentius AE 16mm Half Centenionalis. D N MAGNENTIVS P F AVG, bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust right, A behind / VICTORIAE NN AVG ET CAE, two Victories holding shield marked VOT V MVLT X. ecoli
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6470 EGYPT, Alexandria. Hadrian Nome Obol 126-27 AD Horus-Mahes standingReference.
Emmett 1240.11; RPC III, 6470
Issue. Leontopolite
Obv. ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙ ΤΡΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑ СΕΒ
laureate bust right
Rev. ΛΕΟΝΤ, L ΙΑ
Horus-Mahes standing, facing, head r., wearing military dress, holding spear in r. hand, and lion, r., in l. hand
5.70 gr
19 mm
hokidoki
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6470 EGYPT, Alexandria. Hadrian Nome Obol 126-27 AD Horus-Mahes standingReference.
Emmett 1240.11; RPC III, 6470.29 (this coin); Dattari-Savio Pl. 302, 10976.
Issue. Leontopolite
Obv. ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙ ΤΡΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑ СΕΒ
laureate bust right
Rev. ΛΕΟΝΤ, L ΙΑ
Horus-Mahes standing, facing, head r., wearing military dress, holding spear in r. hand, and lion, r., in l. hand
5.80 gr
20 mm
12hokidoki
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Abraham Lincoln Essay MedalObverse: LINCOLN - 1809 - 1865 above a lighted torch. Portrait of Lincoln facing left based on a painting by Douglas Volk.
Reverse: LINCOLN - ESSAY - MEDAL - AWARDED - TO (blank space between two ribbons where the award recipient's name can be inscribed) with oak wreath. This medal was unissued.
Note: Lincoln Essay medals were created by the Illinois Watch Company of Springfield in 1924. They were given to the winner of the Lincoln Essay Contest in hundreds of high schools across the land. The face of the medal featured the image of Abraham Lincoln, while on the back was inscribed the name of the winner and date of the award—but not the name of the company. Although the company's name had been included in the design of the medallion, it was expunged before the die was "sunk." Behind this change lay the artist's objection to the "advertising intent" of the watch company. Other participants in the project were vexed and puzzled by this objection, but they eventually capitulated and the matter was forgotten. Yet it exemplifies the persistent belief that Lincoln has been over-commercialized.Matt Inglima
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Alexander III The GreatArgead Dynasty
Kingdom of Macedon (336 - 323 BC)
Obverse: Herakle's head right, clad in Nemean lion scalp, headdress tied at neck.
Reverse: Bow, quiver and club, Basilews written between.Pericles J2
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Anglo-Gallic: Edward I (1252-1272) BI Denier au lion, Bordeaux (SCBC 8013; AGC 11 (6/j); Elias 13b)Obv: Leopard passant to left; double pellet stops in legend
Rev: Cross pattée; double pellet stops in legend
Quant.Geek
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Annam (Vietnam) Cash, Tây Sơn Dynasty Rebellion, Quang Trung (1788-1792 AD), AE24 CashAnnam (Vietnam) Cash, Tây SÆ¡n Dynasty Rebellion, Quang Trung (1788-1792 AD), AE24 Cash, 1.95g, 24mm
Obverse: QUANG TRUNG THONG BAO, å…‰ä¸é€šå¯¶, Thick outer rim, thin rim around square hole.
Reverse: No legend. Thick outer rim, four crescents in field surrounding square hole with thin rim.
Reference: Toda 193, Barker 93.28
Ex: Kayser-i Rum Numismatics
https://www.zeno.ru/showphoto.php?photo=169633
Gil-galad
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Anonymous, AE19, ΤΑΡΣΕΩΝAE19
Anonymous Civic Issue
Tarsos, Cilicia
Issued: 164BC - Roman Era
19.0mm 5.50gr 11h
O: NO LEGEND; Veiled and turreted bust of Tyche, right.
R: ΤΑΡΣΕΩΝ; Monument of Sandan; Sandan standing on a horned and winged lion, holding grain ear and bipennis within a triangular structure on an altar with garlanded front.
Exergue: Three control marks: ΡΔΥ ΡΑΤ ΔΙ.
Tarsos, Cilicia
SNG Tahberer -; Mionnet -; Mionnet Supplement -; SNG von Aulock -; SNG Pfalz -; Ziegler -; BMC -; SNG Levante -; SNG Levante Supplement -; SNG Cop -; SNG Cop Supplement -.
Ares Numismatics Web Auction 10, Lot 198.
7/4/20 8/6/20Nicholas Z
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Antiochos IX Kyzikenos. Second reign. Sandan Drachm of Tarsos.Seleukids. Antiochos IX Kyzikenos. 97-96 BC, Second reign. AR Drachm (3.62 gm, 17.9mm, 12h) of Tarsos. Diademed head of Antiochos IX right. / Sandan standing right atop winged & horned lion, w/ raised axe & bow/quiver over shoulder. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ | ΦΙΛΟΠΑΤΟΡΟΣ. Monograms ⍋above ΠΡ to outer left. VF. CNG Web Auction (1999). Ex-CNG 47 #576. SC 2356a; HGC 9 #1238; Houghton CSE I #497 (same dies); SNG Cop 7 (Seleucid Kings) #414); SNG Spaer 2730 (same dies).Anaximander
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AR half drachm Thracian ChersoneseObv.: Forepart of lion,
head reverted. Rev.: Quadripartite incuse square, pellet,
monogram fish.
Date; 480-350 BC
McClean 4094-4095; Berlin I, 30
15cm 1.94gmwileyc
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Asia Minor, Lydia, SardeisLydia, Sardeis
AE 17, after 133 BC
Obv.: Wreathed head of young Dionysos right
Rev.: Wild animal (lion, panther or mythical creature) walking left, head facing, broken spear in mouth; ΣΑΡΔΙ/ΑΝΩΝ above, monogram below.
AE, 17 mm, 4.47g
Ref.: SNG Cop 464-465var, (monogram)
Ex Gitbud&Naumannshanxi
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Asia Minor, Lykia, Dynasts of Lykia, Trbbenimi, scalp of lion, triskelesTrbbenimi
Asia Minor, Dynasts of Lykia
AR Tetrobol
Obv.: Facing scalp of lion.
Rev.: Triskeles within incuse circle, TRBBÊNEME (in Lycian) around
Ag, 3.12g, 17mm
Ref.: Müseler VIII.25-7; SNG von Aulock 4215shanxi
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Asia Minor, Phyrgia, Philomelion, Trajan Decius, River God Gallos Trajan Decius, AD 249-251
Phyrgia, Philomelion
Obv.: AVΓ KΓ VЄCK TPAIA ΔЄKIOCЄ, Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right
Rev.: ΦIΛOMHΛЄωN ЄΠ ЄVTVXO B, River god Gallos reclining, holding amphora, from which water flows, and cornucopia
AE, 7.21g, 24.2mm
Ref.: BMC 39, SNG von Aulock 3931shanxi
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Aurelian, AE Antoninianus, RIC V, I 62 Third exampleAurelian
Augustus, 270 – 275 A.D.
Coin: AE Antoninianus, Silvered
Obverse: IMP AVRELIANVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust facing right. Aegis on left shoulder.
Reverse: ORIENS AVG, Sol, advancing to the left, raising his right hand in Blessing, holding the Globe with his left, trampling a bound Palmyran to the left, another bound Palmyran to the right looks back to Sol. XXI in the right field, VI in the left. A Lion, prowling to the left, in exergue.
Weight: 3.09 g, Diameter: 21.5 x 21.7 x 0.9 mm, Die axis: 180°, Mint: Rome, Reference: RIC V, I 62Constantine IV
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Auxonne in France, 1424-1427 AD., Duchy of Burgundy, Philippe le Bon, Blanc aux écus, Poey d'Avant # 5735.France, Duchy of Burgundy, Auxonne mint (?), Philip the Good (Philippe le Bon, 1419-1467), struck 1424-1427 AD.,
AR blanc aux écus (26-28 mm / 3,27 g),
Obv.: + DVX : ET : COMES : BVRGVDIE , Ecus accolés de Bourgogne nouveau et Bourgogne ancien sous PhILIPVS.
Rev.: + SIT : NOMEN : DNI : BENEDICTVM , Croix longue entre un lis et un lion, au-dessus de PhILIPVS.
B., 1230 ; Dumas, 15-7-1 ; Poey d'Avant # 5735.
"PotatorII": "This coin is atributed to Auxonne mint because of the presence of a "secret dot" under the first letter (S) on reverse."
Rare
Imitation du blanc aux écus d'Henri VI d'Angleterre, frappé en France à partir de novembre 1422.
Philip the Good (French: Philippe le Bon), also Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (July 31, 1396 – June 15, 1467) was Duke of Burgundy from 1419 until his death. He was a member of a cadet line of the Valois dynasty (the then Royal family of France). During his reign Burgundy reached the height of its prosperity and prestige and became a leading center of the arts. Philip is known in history for his administrative reforms, patronage of Flemish artists such as Jan van Eyck, and the capture of Joan of Arc. During his reign he alternated between English and French alliances in an attempt to improve his dynasty's position.
Born in Dijon, he was the son of John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria-Straubing. On the 28 January 1405, he was named Count of Charolais in appanage of his father and probably on the same day he was engaged to Michele of Valois (1395–1422), daughter of Charles VI of France and Isabeau of Bavaria. They were married in June of 1409.
Philip subsequently married Bonne of Artois (1393–1425), daughter of Philip of Artois, Count of Eu, and also the widow of his uncle, Philip II, Count of Nevers, in Moulins-les-Engelbert on November 30, 1424. The latter is sometimes confused with Philip's biological aunt, also named Bonne (sister of John the Fearless, lived 1379 - 1399), in part due to the Papal Dispensation required for the marriage which made no distinction between a marital aunt and a biological aunt.
His third marriage, in Bruges on January 7, 1430 with Isabella of Portugal (1397 - December 17, 1471), daughter of John I of Portugal and Philippa of Lancaster, produced three sons:
* Antoine (September 30, 1430, Brussels – February 5, 1432, Brussels), Count of Charolais
* Joseph (April 24, 1432 – aft. May 6, 1432), Count of Charolais
* Charles (1433–1477), Count of Charolais and Philip's successor as Duke, called "Charles the Bold" or "Charles the Rash"
Philip also had some eighteen illegitimate children, including Antoine, bastard of Burgundy, by twenty four documented mistresses [1]. Another, Philip of Burgundy (1464-1524), bishop of Utrecht, was a fine amateur artist, and the subject of a biography in 1529.
Philip became duke of Burgundy, count of Flanders, Artois and Franche Comté when his father was assassinated in 1419. Philip accused Charles, the Dauphin of France and Philip's brother-in-law of planning the murder of his father which had taken place during a meeting between the two at Montereau, and so he continued to prosecute the civil war between the Burgundians and Armagnacs. In 1420 Philip allied himself with Henry V of England under the Treaty of Troyes. In 1423 the alliance was strengthened by the marriage of his sister Anne to John, Duke of Bedford, regent for Henry VI of England.
In 1430 Philip's troops captured Joan of Arc at Compiègne and later handed her over to the English who orchestrated a heresy trial against her, conducted by pro-Burgundian clerics. Despite this action against Joan of Arc, Philip's alliance with England was broken in 1435 when Philip signed the Treaty of Arras (which completely revoked the Treaty of Troyes) and thus recognised Charles VII as king of France. Philip signed for a variety of reasons, one of which may have been a desire to be recognised as the Premier Duke in France. Philip then attacked Calais, but this alliance with Charles was broken in 1439, with Philip supporting the revolt of the French nobles the following year (an event known as the Praguerie) and sheltering the Dauphin Louis.
Philip generally was preoccupied with matters in his own territories and seldom was directly involved in the Hundred Years' War, although he did play a role during a number of periods such as the campaign against Compiegne during which his troops captured Joan of Arc. He incorporated Namur into Burgundian territory in 1429 (March 1, by purchase from John III, Marquis of Namur), Hainault and Holland, Frisia and Zealand in 1432 (with the defeat of Countess Jacqueline in the last episode of the Hook and Cod wars); inherited the duchy of Brabant and Limburg and the margrave of Antwerp in 1430 (on the death of his cousin Philip of Saint-Pol); and purchased Luxembourg in 1443 from Elisabeth of Bohemia, Duchess of Luxembourg. Philip also managed to ensure his illegitimate son, David, was elected Bishop of Utrecht in 1456. It is not surprising that in 1435, Philip began to style himself "Grand Duke of the West". In 1463 Philip returned some of his territory to Louis XI. That year he also created an Estates-General based on the French model. The first meeting of the Estates-General was to obtain a loan for a war against France and to ensure support for the succession of his son, Charles I, to his dominions. Philip died in Bruges in 1467.
my ancient coin database
Arminius
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BAR KOCHBA REBELLION, AE25MM. YEAR 2BAR KOCHBA REBELLION, AE25MM. YEAR 2
Hebrew legend, For the Freedom of Jerusalem Grape leaves.
/ Hebrew legend, Simon Palm tree with seven branches.Maritima
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Bardas Parsakoutenos, magistros and doux of Anatolikon. Lead seal c. AD 970-990 10291|Bardas Parsakoutenos, magistros and doux of Anatolikon. Lead seal c. AD 970-990
Star with six rays ending in something resembling arrows; circular invocational legend + KE ROHΘEI TW CW ΔUΛW
+RAPΔ|MAΓICTP,|S ΔUΞ TWN| ANATOΛ’K|TWN OÎ AT|O Î APCK’ in six lines
30mm; 16.24gram.
Before turning to the identification of the seal’s owner, there are a number of issues to be addressed about the reverse legend. Up to the fourth line, all is clear. A nominative legend listing Bardas’ dignity of magistros and his office of doux ton Anatolikon. The last line has his family name Pars(a)k(outenos). The fifth line, however, does not make sense. It might be an engraver’s error, repeating TWN of the third line and O Î AP of the last line. This explanation, even though unelegant, has to do for now, unless an otherwise unknown office or command is meant.
The seal’s owner is probably the person named in Leon Diakonos (VII.1) as one of three brothers Parsakoutenos, who backed Bardas Phokas the younger during his rebellion of AD 970 against John I Tzimiskes. These brothers, Theodore, Bardas and Nikephoros took their name, according to Leon, “after the city of their birth, Parsakouta”, which is a village on the road between Nymphaion and Sardis in the Thrakesian theme (p. 162, n.4 of the English edition). Leon adds that the Parsakoutenoi were cousins of Bardas Phokas and that they held the rank of patrikios and adds that they ‘mustered troops with great zeal’. Skylitzes (291.13-14) adds that Theodore and Nikephoros were the sons of the patrikios Theodoulos Parsakoutenos, and were exarchs in Cappadocia (p. 162, n.3). The rebellion, however, was extinguished by the skilled general Bardas Skleros, and Bardas Phokas was temporarily imprisoned.
Leon Diakonos once again mentions Bardas Parsakoutenos in book X, chapter 7, during the revolt of Bardas Skleros. He is now called magistros, a higher rank than patrikios, which implies that his earlier allegience to a usurper had not frustrated his political career. In the late 970’s, Skleros conquered large parts of Asia and was threatening to blockade the Dardanelles, hindering merchants and grain transports to the capital. In the end, he was defeated by Bardas Phokas on 24th of March 979 and fled to Muslim territory. But before his final defeat on the battleground, according to Leon Diakonos, his fortress at Abydos was seized, his army destroyed, and fire was set to his fleet of triremes by an imperial fleet of fireships dispatched from the capital under the command of Bardas Parsakoutenos. The seal, listing Bardas’ dignity as magistros, not patrikios as attested in AD 970, might well be from this period.
Gert
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Belgium 2 Centimes, 1833Obv:- L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE, A lion, symbol of Belgium, with a paw over the Belgian Constitution / 2 CENT.s
Rev:- LEOPOLD PREMIER ROI DES BELGES, The royal monogram // 1833
Mintage : 16,748,000
Reference:- KM#4
Part of a large, mixed world lot I bought on a whim.maridvnvm
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Belgium, 5 Centimes, 1850Obv:- L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE, A lion, symbol of Belgium, with a paw over the Belgian Constitution dating 1831. 5 CENTs. / Engraver BRAEMT F.
Rev:- LEOPOLD PREMIER ROI DES BELGES, The royal monogram is surrounded with lettering in French. // 1850
Engraver: Joseph-Pierre Braemt
Reference:- KM# 5
Mintage 2,689,000
Part of a large, mixed world lot I bought on a whim.maridvnvm
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Belgium, 5 Centimes, 1852Obv:- L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE, A lion, symbol of Belgium, with a paw over the Belgian Constitution dating 1831. 5 CENTs. / Engraver BRAEMT F.
Rev:- LEOPOLD PREMIER ROI DES BELGES, The royal monogram is surrounded with lettering in French. // 1852
Engraver: Joseph-Pierre Braemt
Reference:- KM# 5
Mintage 1,943,000
My ref:- BEL 002
Part of a large, mixed world lot I bought on a whim.maridvnvm
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Benito Mussolini 20 Lira MedalMVSSOLINI MCMXXVIII
Helmeted head of Mussolini left
ITALIA MEGLIO VIVERE VN GIORNO DA LEONE CHE CENTO ANNI DA PECORA
Lion, Fasces L20R left field, MCMXVIII (Top of Rods) MCMXXVIII AVI (Bottom of Rods)
Fantasy piece
16.24g
The reverse translates "Better to live one day as a lion than 100 years as a sheep"Jay GT4
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BOHEMIA - Wladislaus IIWladislaus II (1471-1516) Prager Groschen. Kuttenburg mint. Obv.: Bohemian lion, "GROSSI.PRAGENSES"
Rev.: Crown center; 2 circles of writing; inner circle: WLADISLAUS SECVNDVS" dpaul7
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Bronze Roman Seal boxBronze seal box with image of lion, jug above, wreath below, ( horse head to right?)
Attached to packages or letters that are tied with strings. The strings pass into the box which is then filled with wax, to protect against tampering.
Bronze
26mm x 21mm x 7mm.
3mm diameter holes
5.56g
2-3rd Century?
Pannonia
Ex-Ancient TreasuresJay GT4
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