Classical Numismatics Discussion - Members' Coin Gallery
  Welcome Guest. Please login or register. Share Your Collection With Your Friends And With The World!!! A FREE Service Provided By Forum Ancient Coins No Limit To The Number Of Coins You Can Add - More Is Better!!! Is Your Coin The Best Of Type? Add It And Compete For The Title Have You Visited An Ancient Site - Please Share Your Photos!!! Use The Members' Coin Gallery As A Reference To Identify Your Coins Please Visit Our Shop And Find A Coin To Add To Your Gallery Today!!!

Member Collections | Members' Gallery Home | Login | Album list | Last uploads | Last comments | Most viewed | Top rated | My Favorites | Search
Image search results - "Liberty"
Spanien_Spain_2_Centimos_1870_Barcelona_Liberty_Lwe_Wappen_Kupfer.jpg
Spanien

2 Centimos

1870 OM

Münzstätte: Barcelona

Vs.: Löwe mit Wappen

Rs.: Sitzende Liberty

Erhaltung: Sehr schön

Metall: Kupfer

20 mm, 1,87 g _499
Antonivs Protti
stuff-01.jpg
Massachusetts Treasury Loan Certificate £15 June 1, 1780 MA-8
This certificate is listed as MA-8 in Anderson's The Price of Liberty. It bears the Sword in Hand vignette encircled by a rattlesnake. Anderson rates this piece as a low R7, indicating only 7 to 12 examples are known.
1 commentsQuant.Geek
Screen_Shot_2017-05-11_at_10_53_46_AM.png
4 CaligulaGaius Caligula. A.D. 37-41. AE quadrans. Rome mint, struck A.D. 41. Rare. Unlisted in RIC 2nd Edition. From the RJM Collection.
Gaius Caligula. A.D. 37-41. AE quadrans (17.79 mm, 3.20 g, 7 h). Rome mint, struck A.D. 41. C CAESAR DIVI AVG PRON AVG , legend around large S - C; Pileus or "Liberty Cap" between / PON M TR P IIII P P COS QVAT, legend around large RCC. RIC I unlisted; RIC I (1st edition) 41; BMCRE 79-80; BN 126-7. VF, rough, brown surfaces. Rare. Unlisted in RIC 2nd Edition.

From the RJM Collection.

Rare last year of issue, when Gaius was consol for the fourth time

Ex Agora Auctions, 5/9/2017
Sosius
Treb_Gall_RIC_39~0.jpg
4 Trebonianus GallusTREBONIANUS GALLUS
AR Antoninianus, 3.6g
251-253 AD

IMP CAE C VIB TREB GALLUS AVG, radiate & draped bust right / LIBERTAS AVGG, Liberty standing left with pilius & leaning on column.

Sear ’88: 2786, RIC 39, RSC 67.
Sosius
Gordian-III-RIC-177-87.jpg
Gordian III / RIC 177 over 187, 1'st series.Antoninianus, 238-239 AD, Antioch mint.
Obverse: IMP CAES M ANT GORDIANVS AVG / Radiate bust of Gordian.
Reverse: AEQVIT LIBER / Body and feet of Aequitas holding scales; Body and feet of Libertas holding pileus (Liberty cap) .
5.00 gm, 22 mm.
RIC #177 over #187. Bland 18/21.

This coin has two different reverses: the Aequitas type (RIC #177) is overstruck at 180 degree rotation on top of the Libertas type (RIC #187). Or, perhaps it is the other way around: The Libertas type (RIC #187) is overstruck on top of the Aequitas type (RIC #177).

The T of AEQVITAS AVG is almost flattened out and is just barely visible. At Antioch, Libertas with the pileus always has the legend LIBERALITAS AVG rather than LIBERTAS AVG.

There is a footnote to RIC #231 (vol. IV, part III, p. 39) which is quite intriguing:

"231. A strange Antoninianus (G. B. Pears Coll.) shows rev. type of AEQVIT[AS] apparently overstruck with type of LIBER[TAS] -- obv. of Gordian III, rev. of Philip overstruck with rev. of Trebonianus Gallus (?)."

I posted this coin on Forvmancientcoins.com and got this reply from Curtis Clay:

"A neat example of this error, and one I hadn't been aware of before, despite its mention in the RIC footnote!
As you expected, you now own the coin formerly in the Pears collection: we know because there is a plaster cast of it so labeled in the BM, which is illustrated in Roger Bland's dissertation, pl. 10, 18/21 !
One of the reverse types is Libertas with cap, but its legend must have been LIBERALITAS not LIBERTAS AVG: the Eastern mint always mislabeled its Libertas type as Liberalitas. RIC made the same mistake regarding the reverse legend; corrected by Bland, who lists the coin under the type LIBERALITAS AVG.
I had never heard of G. B. Pears or his collection before, so can supply no information in that regard."
1 commentsCallimachus
00001x00~4.jpg
UNITED STATES, Hard Times. Political issues.
CU Token (28.5mm, 10.36 g, 6 h). Belleville (New Jersey) mint. Dated 1837.
Laureate head of Liberty right; above, E. PLURIBUS UNUM on ribbon; thirteen stars around; 1837
MILLIONS FOR DEFENCE. Within wreath: NOT/ ONE/ CENT/ -/ FOR TRIBUTE
Rulau HT 48; Low 28
Ardatirion
00093x00.jpg
UNITED STATES, Hard Times. Political issues.
CU Token (29mm, 8.98 g, 11h)
Belleville (New Jersey) mint. Dated 1838
Head of Liberty (or native American?) left, wearing ribbon inscribed LOCO FOCO; thirteen stars around; 1838
* BENTON */ EXPER IMENT. MINT/ DROP/ – within wreath
Rulau HT 63; Low 55
Ardatirion
kyHWAyT.jpg
UNITED STATES, Hard Times. Political issues.
CU Token (28.5mm, 8.53 g, 12h). Belleville (New Jersey) mint. Dated 1838.
AM I NOT A WOMAN & A SISTER, hained female slave kneeling right, raising arms in supplication; * 1838 * below UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, LIBERTY/ 1838 within wreath
Rulau HT 81; Low 54

Ex Album 33 (17 January 2019), lot 2542

June 1900 saw a brief flurry of journalistic interest in the "Am I Not A Woman & A Sister" tokens. A specimen had been found in a garden in Indiana, apparently in one of the many towns that claim a connection to the Underground Railroad, and received a glowing and fanciful write up in the local newspaper. The paper claimed that it was a "Talisman of Slavery," and used as a token to ensure safe passage along the escaped slave's route, and that it was a very rare piece. The following week a newspaper in Maine recorded that a local collector had another example, again drawing a purported connection to the Underground Railroad. Astutely, the July 1900 edition of the American Journal of Numismatics pointed out that, while an isolated use like this was possible, it was not what the tokens were originally intended for.
Ardatirion
00006x00~1.jpg
UNITED STATES, Trade Tokens. New York, New York. John H. Dayton, Union Steam Washing.
CU Token (28.5mm, 9.85 g, 12 h) Belleville (New Jersey) mint. Dies by John Gibbs. Dated 1837
Laureate head of Liberty right; above, E. PLURIBUS UNUM on ribbon; thirteen stars around; 1837; c/m: small D above, '61' in white ink to left
* JAY. H. DAYTONS. UNION STEAM WASHING EST./ * 17th St. NEAR 5th AVENUE * NY/, WASHING/ DONE FOR/ SHIPS. ST BOATS/ HOTELS &/ PRIVATE FAMILIES
Rulau HT 249, Low 114

Ex Don Miller Collection; William Dunham Collection (B. Max Mehl, 3 August 1941), lot 2680
Ardatirion
00035x00.jpg
UNITED STATES TOKENS. Civil War. Wooster, Ohio. J.R. Bowman.
CU Token (19mm, 3.57 g, 2 h)
Dated 1863
Head of Liberty left, wearing feathered headdress inscribed LIBERTY, within circle of thirteen stars, 1863 below
J. R. BOWMAN/ DEALER/ IN/ WATCHES/ CLOCKS/ &/ JEWELRY/ WEST LIBERTY ST./ WOOSTER, O., clock hands in background
Rulau CWT 975B-3a
1 commentsArdatirion
00087x00.jpg
UNITED STATES, Trade Tokens. Wooster, Ohio. Archer House. Circa 1878-1966
AL Twenty-five Cent Token (24mm, 1.48 g, 11h)
ARCHER HOUSE -:- around central hole
GOOD FOR/ 25¢/ IN TRADE

Archer House hotel was constructed in 1878 on the corner of Buckeye and Liberty Streets, on the site of the earlier wood frame Washington House tavern. The founders, tailor E.B. Connelly and his sister-in-law Melinda, named the establishment after Melinda's deceased son, Archer. Melinda Connelly later remarried to A.M. Parrish, with whom she would operate the hotel until her death. The property passed to heir great-grandson, on who's behalf it was sold to Dr. Alonzo Smith in 1923. Archer House was finally purchased by Robert Freeman in 1964, and was razed in 1966. Today, a two story professional building stands on the spot.
Ardatirion
00086x00.jpg
UNITED STATES, Trade Tokens. Wooster, Ohio. Archer House. Circa 1878-1966.
AL Ten Cent Token (22.5mm, 1.28 g, 2h)
ARCHER HOUSE -:- around central hole
GOOD FOR/ 10¢/ IN TRADE
Lipscomb WO 8051; TC 226639

Archer House hotel was constructed in 1878 on the corner of Buckeye and Liberty Streets, on the site of the earlier wood frame Washington House tavern. The founders, tailor E.B. Connelly and his sister-in-law Melinda, named the establishment after Melinda's deceased son, Archer. Melinda Connelly later remarried to A.M. Parrish, with whom she would operate the hotel until her death. The property passed to heir great-grandson, on who's behalf it was sold to Dr. Alonzo Smith in 1923. Archer House was finally purchased by Robert Freeman in 1964, and was razed in 1966. Today, a two story professional building stands on the spot.
Ardatirion
00085x00.jpg
UNITED STATES, Trade Tokens. Wooster, Ohio. Archer House. Circa 1878-1966.
AL Five Cent Token (21.5mm, 1.16 g, 8h)
ARCHER HOUSE -:- around central hole
GOOD FOR/ 5¢/ IN TRADE

Archer House hotel was constructed in 1878 on the corner of Buckeye and Liberty Streets, on the site of the earlier wood frame Washington House tavern. The founders, tailor E.B. Connelly and his sister-in-law Melinda, named the establishment after Melinda's deceased son, Archer. Melinda Connelly later remarried to A.M. Parrish, with whom she would operate the hotel until her death. The property passed to heir great-grandson, on who's behalf it was sold to Dr. Alonzo Smith in 1923. Archer House was finally purchased by Robert Freeman in 1964, and was razed in 1966. Today, a two story professional building stands on the spot.
Ardatirion
P.Licinius Nerva voting.jpg
(500a113) Roman Republic, P. Licinius Nerva, 113-112 B.C.ROMAN REPUBLIC: P. Licinius Nerva. AR denarius (3.93 gm). Rome, ca. 113-112 BC. Helmeted bust of Roma left, holding spear over right shoulder and shield on left arm, crescent above, * before, ROMA behind / P. NERVA, voting scene showing two citizens casting their ballots in the Comitium, one receiving a ballot from an attendant, the other dropping his ballot into a vessel at right. Crawford 292/1. RSC Licinia 7. RCTV 169. Nearly very fine. Ex Freeman and Sear.

Here is a denarius whose reverse device is one that celebrates the privilege and responsibility that is the foundation of a democratic society; it is a forerunner to the L. Cassius Longinus denarius of 63 B.C. Granted, humanity had a long road ahead toward egalitarianism when this coin was struck, but isn't it an interesting testimony to civil liberty's heritage? "The voter on the left (reverse) receives his voting tablet from an election officer. Horizontal lines in the background indicate the barrier separating every voting division from the others. Both voters go across narrow raised walks (pontes); this is intended to ensure that the voter is seen to cast his vote without influence" (Meier, Christian. Caesar: A Biography. Berlin: Severin and Siedler, 1982. Plate 12). This significant coin precedes the Longinus denarius by 50 years.

J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
2 commentsCleisthenes
0172.jpg
0172 - Denarius Cassia 55 BCObv/Head of Liberty r., LIBERT behind, Q CASSIVS before.
Rev/Curule chair within temple of Vesta; to l., urn; to r., voting tablet inscribed AC.

Ag, 18.1mm, 4.02g
Moneyer: Q. Cassius Longinus.
Mint: Rome.
RRC 428/2 [dies o/r: 60/67] - Syd. 918 - RSC Cassia 8
ex-Valencia Coin Market, Dec 2012
1 commentsdafnis
Caligula-RIC-40.jpg
023. Caligula.Quadrans, 40 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: C CAESAR DIVI AVG PRON AVG / Liberty cap between SC
Reverse: COS TERT PON M TR P IIII P P / R C C
2.68 gm., 17 mm.
RIC #40; Sear #1804.

The letters R C C signify "remissa ducentesima," referring to the abolition of a tax by Caligula in 39 AD. It was a tax of one percent levied on all commodities sold by auction, the vectigal rerum venalium.
Callimachus
ClaudI97or113.jpg
041-054 AD - Claudius - RIC I 097 or 113 - Libertas ReverseEmperor: Claudius (r. 41-54 AD)
Date: 41-54 AD
Condition: Fair
Denomination: As

Obverse: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP (P P?)
Tiberius Claudius Caesar Emperor Pontifex Maximus Tribunicia Potestas Imperator (Pater Patriae?)
Bare head left

Reverse: LIBERTAS AVGVSTA
S - C to left and right
The Emperor restores liberty.
Libertas, draped, standing facing, head right, right holding pileus, left extended.

Rome mint
RIC I Claudius 97 or 113; VM 16
6.38g; 29.3mm; 210°
1 commentsPep
LFarsuleiusDen.jpg
0b Italy Gets Roman CitizenshipL Farsuleius Mensor, moneyer
76-71 BC

Denarius

Diademed and draped head of Liberty, right, SC below, MENSOR before, cap of Liberty and number behind
Roma in biga helping togate figure mount, L FARSVLEI in ex.

Appears to allude to the Lex Julia of 90 BC, by which all of Italy gained Roman citizenship

Seaby, Farsuleia 1
Blindado
20210105_151023.jpg
100 Réis1931 CE

Obverse: REPUBLICA DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DO BRASIL 100 RÉIS * 1931 *

Reverse: Bust of Liberty right.
Pericles J2
bitk.jpg
1776-1976 United States Liberty Bell bicentennial TokenNORMAN K
LouisXVIMayorOfParis1789.JPG
1789. Louis XVI Medal. French Revolution, The First Mayor of Paris.Obv. Draped bust right LOUIS XVI ROI DES FRANCAIS
Rev. Personification of Paris facing holding rudder and sceptre surmounted by liberty cap, leaning on colum decorated with fasces, ships prow to left, various emblems of trade and wealth on right ESTABLISSEMENT DE LA MAIRIE DE PARIS J SILVAIN BAILLY PREMIER MAIRE ELU L 15 JULLIET 1789

Commemorates the cration of Jean Silvain Bailly as the first mayor of Paris. Bailly was later guillotined during The Terror.
LordBest
1794_COVENTRY_CROSS_HALFPENNY.JPG
1794 AE Halfpenny Token. Coventry, Warwickshire.Obverse: PRO BONO PUBLICO. Lady Godiva riding side-saddle on horse to left; in exergue, 1794.
Reverse: COVENTRY HALFPENNY. Representation of Coventry's old town cross with COV CROSS in small letters at base.
Edge: PAYABLE AT THE WAREHOUSE OF ROBERT REYNOLDS & CO.
Diameter 29.5mm | Axis 12
Dalton & Hamer: 249
RARE

This token was manufactured by William Lutwyche and the dies were engraved by William Mainwaring.
It was issued by Robert Reynolds & Co., who were ribbon weavers with a business in Coventry.


The original Coventry Cross stood at the place where Broadgate met Cross Cheaping, near Spicer Stoke, a very short row which led through from Broadgate to Butcher Row and Trinity church. Though it is likely that a cross had been standing in this place since the 13th century, the first actual record for the building of a cross was on 1st July 1423 when the Mayor, Henry Peyto, officially sanctioned that a new cross should be built. Although it was quite a substantial structure, within a century it was rather the worse for wear, and by 1506 discussions had begun about replacing it.
In 1541, the former mayor of London, Sir William Hollis, left £200 in his will toward the building of a new cross, and by 1544 the 57 foot high cross was completed. As well as being brightly painted, the cross was also covered with much gold and it was renowned for its fame and beauty. It was built in four sections, with statues in the top three storeys: the lower of these holding statues of Henry VI, King John, Edward I, Henry II, Richard I and Henry. Above these were Edward III, Henry II, Richard III, St Michael and St George. The top storey held statues of St Peter, St James, St Christopher and two monks, with representations of Liberty and Justice at the highest point. In 1608 repairs were carried out to the cross during which the figure of Christ was replaced with one of Lady Godiva. Possibly the obverse of this token is based on this statue since there is no record of there being any other Lady Godiva memorial statues before 1949.
After standing gloriously for two centuries, decay once more set into the cross and, in 1753 and 1755, the top two stages were removed to avoid the danger of collapse. By 1771 the cross was declared to be in too ruinous a state to retain, and it's demolition was authorised. The remains stood for a short while longer though, at least until after 1778 when a visitor to Coventry wrote that the decayed cross "...has no longer anything to please".
This token is dated 1794, but must depict the cross as it was in it's heyday before it was totally demolished and it's parts reused. Two of the statues from the cross now reside at St. Mary's Guildhall.
A modern replica of the cross was unveiled in 1976, it is situated about 100 metres away from the site of the original one.
*Alex
1798Cent_copy.jpg
1798 Large Cent, United States of America1798 Cent, United States of America, Obv: Liberty right, LIBERTY above, 1798 below; Rev: ONE CENT with wreath over 1/100, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA in field around border, Fine.Molinari
1837Cent_copy.jpg
1847 Large Cent, United States of America1847 Large Cent, United States of America, Obv: Liberty right, LIBERTY on crown, 1847 below, 13 Stars surrounding; Rev: ONE CENT within wreath, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA in field around border, Very Fine.Molinari
IMG_3543~32.jpeg
1850-A French Ceres Gold 20 FrancsFrance, Second Republic (1848-52), Gold 20 Francs, 1850-A, SCWC KM 762, Gadoury 1059, F. 529/3, Friedberg 566, Ceres (low-ear type), aUNC, raised edge lettering DIEU PROTEGE LA FRANCE *** (God Protect France), weight 6.4516g (AGW 0.1867oz), composition 0.9 Au, 0.1 Cu, diameter 21.0mm, thickness 1.25mm, die axis 180°, Paris mint, 1850; obverse REPUBLIQUE ✶-FRANÇAISE (French Republic), head of Ceres right, goddess of the harvest, wearing archipendulum earring with pearl choker, chignon and crowned with wreath of wheat sheaves, oak leaves and acorns, tied with ribbon descending behind neck, one end returning to neck, flanked by lictor's fasces surmounted by Hand of Justice to left, olive branch to right, L.MERLEY.F. raised below truncation for engraver Louis Merley, toothed border surrounding; reverse LIBERTE EGALITE FRATERNITE (Liberty, Equality, Fraternity), 20/FRANCS in two lines over line —, within closed olive and oak wreath tied with bow at base, 1850 in exergue with mint mark A above, flanked by hand pointing right and greyhound head with low ear right privy marks, engraved by Louis Merley, toothed border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex CGB Numismatics Paris (12 Feb 2024); £340.00.Serendipity
slh.jpg
1853 - O Seated Liberty Half Dollar; Arrows & RaysMat
IMG_3543~18.jpeg
1853 Seated Liberty Silver QuarterUSA, Seated Liberty, Silver 1/4 (Quarter) Dollar, 25 Cents, 1853, Breen 3989, SCWC KM 78, Type 3, Arrows & Rays (1853), gEF, cleaned in the past, some light surface marks, engraved by third Chief Engraver of the US Mint, Christian Gobrecht, edge milled, weight 6.22g (ASW 0.18oz), composition 0.9 Ag, 0.1 Cu, diameter 24.3mm, thickness 1.75mm, die axis 180°, Philadelphia, PA mint, 1853; obverse Liberty, draped, seated right on rock, head left, right hand resting on grounded Union Shield, striped vertically and horizontally across top bar with diagonal banner inscribed LIBERTY, pileus on transverse pole in left, flanked by thirteen stars (seven left, six right) arcing above, 1853 in exergue, with opposed arrowheads at either side, toothed border surrounding; reverse UNITED STATES OF AMERICA arcing above and QUAR.DOL. arcing below, bald eagle standing facing, head left, wings spread with Union Shield on breast, striped vertically and horizontally across top bar, clutching olive branch in right talon, three arrows in left, with glory of rays around, toothed border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex Timothy Medhurst Coins & Antiquities (27 Aug 2023); £130.00.1 commentsSerendipity
IMG_3543~2.jpeg
1856 Seated Liberty Silver QuarterUSA, Seated Liberty, Silver 1/4 (Quarter) Dollar, 25 Cents, 1856, Breen 4006, SCWC KM A64.2, Briggs 1-A, Type 2, No Motto (1840-65), gVF, engraved by third Chief Engraver of the US Mint, Christian Gobrecht, edge milled, weight 6.22g (ASW 0.18oz), composition 0.9 Ag, 0.1 Cu, diameter 24.3mm, thickness 1.75mm, die axis 180°, Philadelphia, PA mint, 1856; obverse Liberty, draped, seated right on rock, head left, right hand resting on grounded Union Shield, striped vertically and horizontally across top bar with diagonal banner inscribed LIBERTY, pileus on transverse pole in left, flanked by thirteen stars (seven left, six right) arcing above, 1856 in exergue, toothed border surrounding; reverse UNITED STATES OF AMERICA arcing above and QUAR.DOL. arcing below, bald eagle standing facing, head left, wings spread with Union Shield on breast, striped vertically and horizontally across top bar, clutching olive branch in right talon, three arrows in left, toothed border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex Saltford Coins (25 Apr 2023); £70.00.Serendipity
Clipboard3~0.jpg
1858 Liberty seated Half-Dollar1 commentsancientone
IMG_6686.jpeg
1872-A French Ceres Silver 1 FrancFrance, Third Republic (1870-1940), Silver 1 Franc, 1872-A, SCWC KM 822.1, Gadoury 465a, F. 216/5, Ceres (Small A type), gEF, bright mint lustre, a few small surface bag marks, edge milled, weight 5.0g (ASW 0.1342oz), composition 0.835 Ag, 0.165 Cu, diameter 23.0mm, thickness 1.0mm, die axis 180°, Paris mint, 1872; obverse REPUBLIQUE-✶ FRANÇAISE • (French Republic), head of Ceres left, goddess of the harvest, wearing pearl choker, double chignon and crowned with composite wreath of wheat sheaves, flowers, olive leaves and olives, oak leaves and acorns, tied with ribbon descending on neck and passing over the forehead, with a headband inscribed CONCOR[DE], E.A.OUDINÉ.F. raised below truncation for engraver Eugène-André Oudiné, toothed border surrounding; reverse (• olive branch) LIBERTE • EGALITE • FRATERNITE • (Liberty, Equality, Fraternity), 1/FRANC/1872 in three lines, within closed composite olive and oak wreath tied with bow at base, small mint mark A in exergue, flanked by bee and anchor privy marks, engraved by Eugène-André Oudiné, toothed border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex Timothy Medhurst Coins & Antiquities (11 Dec 2023); £95.00.Serendipity
11DFCF9C-ECEC-4B8B-8EC9-5F456D6A3BEF.jpeg
1873-A French Hercules Silver 5 FrancsFrance, Third Republic (1870-1940), Silver 5 Francs, 1873-A, Davenport 92, SCWC KM 820.1, Gadoury 745a, F. 334/9, Hercules (Dupré type B), gEF, old tone with light colour in periphery, raised edge lettering DIEU * PROTEGE * LA * FRANCE ***** (God Protect France), weight 25.0g (ASW 0.7234oz), composition 0.9 Ag, 0.1 Cu, diameter 37.0mm, thickness 2.65mm, die axis 180°, Paris mint, 1873; obverse (olive branch) LIBERTÉ ÉGALITÉ FRATERNITÉ (Liberty, Equality, Fraternity), bearded Hercules standing facing, semi-nude, clad in Nemean lion scalp headdress, forepaw on left shoulder, lion-skin cloak draped around waist and left arm, lion's legs and tail behind legs, between, with his hands on their shoulders, Liberty standing half-right to left, with shoulder-length hair, right breast bare, wearing peplos, long sceptre surmounted by Hand of Justice vertical in right hand, clasping hands with Equality standing half-left to right, hair bound in sakkos, wearing long chiton, archipendulum in left, ⛧ Dupré ⛧ raised in exergue for engraver Augustin Dupré, toothed border surrounding; reverse RÉPUBLIQUE-FRANÇAISE ⛧ (French Republic), 5/FRANCS/1873 in three lines, within closed olive and oak wreath tied with bow at base, mint mark A in exergue, flanked by bee and anchor privy marks, engraved by Augustin Dupré, toothed border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex Timothy Medhurst Coins & Antiquities (30 Jan 2023), acquired from Coincraft; £50.00.Serendipity
IMG_3543~4.jpeg
1878-S Morgan Silver DollarUSA, Morgan Silver Dollar, 1878-S, Breen 5518, SCWC KM 110, BU, minor marks, bright crisp lustre, edge milled, weight 26.73g (ASW 0.7734oz), composition 0.9 Ag, 0.1 Cu, diameter 38.1mm, thickness 2.4mm, die axis 180°, San Francisco, CA mint, 1878; obverse E • PLURIBUS • UNUM (Out of Many, One) arcing above and 1878 arcing below flanked by thirteen stars (seven left, six right), laureate and diademed Liberty head left, wearing Phrygian cap encircled by diadem inscribed LIBERTY, cotton and wheat wreath above diadem, tiny M incuse on truncation for engraver George T. Morgan, toothed border surrounding; reverse UNITED-STATES OF-AMERICA arcing above and * ONE DOLLAR * arcing below, ℑ𝔫 𝔊𝔬𝔡 𝔴𝔢 𝔱𝔯𝔲𝔰𝔱 in one line over bald eagle standing facing, head left, wings spread, clutching olive branch in right talon, three arrows in left, within half-circle laurel wreath tied with bow at base, tiny M incuse in left bow loop for engraver George T. Morgan, mint mark S below bow over DO bottom centre, toothed border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex Timothy Medhurst Coins & Antiquities (15 May 2023); £100.00.Serendipity
CFCA2C94-49B3-4B56-B011-3A8D9F95A2DD.jpeg
1880-S Morgan Silver DollarUSA, Morgan Silver Dollar, 1880-S, Breen 5548, SCWC KM 110, BU, edge milled, weight 26.73g (ASW 0.7734oz), composition 0.9 Ag, 0.1 Cu, diameter 38.1mm, thickness 2.4mm, die axis 180°, San Francisco, CA mint, 1880; obverse E • PLURIBUS • UNUM (Out of Many, One) arcing above and 1880 arcing below flanked by thirteen stars (seven left, six right), laureate and diademed Liberty head left, wearing Phrygian cap encircled by diadem inscribed LIBERTY, cotton and wheat wreath above diadem, tiny M incuse on truncation for engraver George T. Morgan, toothed border surrounding; reverse UNITED-STATES OF-AMERICA arcing above and * ONE DOLLAR * arcing below, ℑ𝔫 𝔊𝔬𝔡 𝔴𝔢 𝔱𝔯𝔲𝔰𝔱 in one line over bald eagle standing facing, head left, wings spread, clutching olive branch in right talon, three arrows in left, within half-circle laurel wreath tied with bow at base, tiny M incuse in left bow loop for engraver George T. Morgan, mint mark S below bow over DO bottom centre, toothed border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex London Coin Company (26 Sep 2020); £159.95.Serendipity
liberty-nickel_1883_no-cents_obv_03.JPG
1883 Liberty Nickel - ObverseUnited States of America 1883 (no cents reverse) Nickel.

'Liberty Head Nickel'

Grade: about Extra Fine.
rexesq
liberty-nickel_1883_no-cents_rev_01.JPG
1883 Liberty Nickel - Reverse.United States of America 1883 (no cents on reverse) Nickel.

'Liberty Head Nickel'

Grade: about Extra Fine.
rexesq
32045C9E-37AC-4E8B-8A27-8B13DABF5086.jpeg
1883-CC Morgan Silver DollarUSA, Morgan Silver Dollar, 1883-CC, Breen 5574, SCWC KM 110, BU, edge milled, weight 26.73g (ASW 0.7734oz), composition 0.9 Ag, 0.1 Cu, diameter 38.1mm, thickness 2.4mm, die axis 180°, Carson City, NV mint, 1883; obverse E • PLURIBUS • UNUM (Out of Many, One) arcing above and 1883 arcing below flanked by thirteen stars (seven left, six right), laureate and diademed Liberty head left, wearing Phrygian cap encircled by diadem inscribed LIBERTY, cotton and wheat wreath above diadem, tiny M incuse on truncation for engraver George T. Morgan, toothed border surrounding; reverse UNITED-STATES OF-AMERICA arcing above and * ONE DOLLAR * arcing below, ℑ𝔫 𝔊𝔬𝔡 𝔴𝔢 𝔱𝔯𝔲𝔰𝔱 in one line over bald eagle standing facing, head left, wings spread, clutching olive branch in right talon, three arrows in left, within half-circle laurel wreath tied with bow at base, tiny M incuse in left bow loop for engraver George T. Morgan, mint mark CC below bow over DO bottom centre, toothed border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex Marc Caplan (12 Sep 2020); scarce; £325.00.Serendipity
89E290EB-C710-45E5-9DE3-A687A978806F.jpeg
1885 Morgan Silver DollarUSA, Morgan Silver Dollar, 1885, Breen 5581, SCWC KM 110, BU, edge milled, weight 26.73g (ASW 0.7734oz), composition 0.9 Ag, 0.1 Cu, diameter 38.1mm, thickness 2.4mm, die axis 180°, Philadelphia, PA mint, 1885; obverse E • PLURIBUS • UNUM (Out of Many, One) arcing above and 1885 arcing below flanked by thirteen stars (seven left, six right), laureate and diademed Liberty head left, wearing Phrygian cap encircled by diadem inscribed LIBERTY, cotton and wheat wreath above diadem, tiny M incuse on truncation for engraver George T. Morgan, toothed border surrounding; reverse UNITED-STATES OF-AMERICA arcing above and * ONE DOLLAR * arcing below, ℑ𝔫 𝔊𝔬𝔡 𝔴𝔢 𝔱𝔯𝔲𝔰𝔱 in one line over bald eagle standing facing, head left, wings spread, clutching olive branch in right talon, three arrows in left, within half-circle laurel wreath tied with bow at base, tiny M incuse in left bow loop for engraver George T. Morgan, toothed border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex Cambridgeshire Coins (12 Dec 2021); £55.00.Serendipity
382D1D34-B4A6-4A2B-8A6D-ADDFC0D091BF.jpeg
1886 Morgan Silver DollarUSA, Morgan Silver Dollar, 1886, Breen 5586, SCWC KM 110, BU, edge milled, weight 26.73g (ASW 0.7734oz), composition 0.9 Ag, 0.1 Cu, diameter 38.1mm, thickness 2.4mm, die axis 180°, Philadelphia, PA mint, 1886; obverse E • PLURIBUS • UNUM (Out of Many, One) arcing above and 1886 arcing below flanked by thirteen stars (seven left, six right), laureate and diademed Liberty head left, wearing Phrygian cap encircled by diadem inscribed LIBERTY, cotton and wheat wreath above diadem, tiny M incuse on truncation for engraver George T. Morgan, toothed border surrounding; reverse UNITED-STATES OF-AMERICA arcing above and * ONE DOLLAR * arcing below, ℑ𝔫 𝔊𝔬𝔡 𝔴𝔢 𝔱𝔯𝔲𝔰𝔱 in one line over bald eagle standing facing, head left, wings spread, clutching olive branch in right talon, three arrows in left, within half-circle laurel wreath tied with bow at base, tiny M incuse in left bow loop for engraver George T. Morgan, toothed border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex London Coin Company (26 Sep 2020); £149.95.Serendipity
IMG_3543~33.jpeg
1886-A French Genius Gold 20 FrancsFrance, Third Republic (1870-1940), Gold 20 Francs, 1886-A, SCWC KM 825, Gadoury 1063, F. 533/9 R1, Friedberg 592, Winged Genius type, Mint State, magnificent example, but presence of graffito in upper part of tablet, raised edge lettering DIEU * PROTEGE * LA * FRANCE ***** (God Protect France), weight 6.4516g (AGW 0.1867oz), composition 0.9 Au, 0.1 Cu, diameter 21.0mm, thickness 1.3mm, die axis 180°, Paris mint, 1886; obverse RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE (French Republic), Winged Genius standing right, with shoulder-length hair, nude but for chlamys draped over left arm, left leg cocked, holding tablet on cippus by upper edge with left hand, inscribing it with stylus in right, flanked by lictor's fasces surmounted by Hand of Justice to left, rooster to right, Dupré raised in exergue for engraver Augustin Dupré, toothed border surrounding; reverse LIBERTÉ ÉGALITÉ FRATERNITÉ (Liberty, Equality, Fraternity), 20/FRANCS/1886 in three lines, within closed and continuous oak wreath, mint mark A in exergue, flanked by cornucopia and fasces privy marks, engraved by Henri-Auguste Patey, toothed border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex CGB Numismatics Paris (27 Feb 2024); rare; £442.00.1 commentsSerendipity
IMG_3543~38.jpeg
1887-Do MC Mexican Silver 8 RealesMexico, Second Republic (1867-1905), Silver 8 Reales, 1887-Do MC, SCWC KM 337.4, DP-Do76, Cap & Rays type, aUNC, minor marks, bright crisp lustre, herringbone edge, weight 27.07g (ASW 0.7859oz), composition 0.903 Ag, 0.097 Cu, diameter 38.9mm, thickness 2.7mm, die axis 180°, Durango mint, 1887; obverse REPUBLICA MEXICANA (Mexican Republic) arcing above, golden eagle perched left, head right, wings spread, atop prickly pear nopal cactus on rock in middle of lake, rattlesnake in beak and right talon, within half-circle oak and olive wreath tied with ribbon below, toothed border surrounding; reverse Phrygian cap inscribed LIBERTAD (Liberty) with glory of rays behind, ★ 8R. D°. 1887. M.C. 10 Dˢ. 20 Gˢ. arcing below, toothed border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex Saltford Coins (21 Mar 2024); £175.00.Serendipity
60C893BD-E554-4CE7-86FD-1BB7D8D85115.jpeg
1888 Morgan Silver DollarUSA, Morgan Silver Dollar, 1888, Breen 5599, SCWC KM 110, BU, edge milled, weight 26.73g (ASW 0.7734oz), composition 0.9 Ag, 0.1 Cu, diameter 38.1mm, thickness 2.4mm, die axis 180°, Philadelphia, PA mint, 1888; obverse E • PLURIBUS • UNUM (Out of Many, One) arcing above and 1888 arcing below flanked by thirteen stars (seven left, six right), laureate and diademed Liberty head left, wearing Phrygian cap encircled by diadem inscribed LIBERTY, cotton and wheat wreath above diadem, tiny M incuse on truncation for engraver George T. Morgan, toothed border surrounding; reverse UNITED-STATES OF-AMERICA arcing above and * ONE DOLLAR * arcing below, ℑ𝔫 𝔊𝔬𝔡 𝔴𝔢 𝔱𝔯𝔲𝔰𝔱 in one line over bald eagle standing facing, head left, wings spread, clutching olive branch in right talon, three arrows in left, within half-circle laurel wreath tied with bow at base, tiny M incuse in left bow loop for engraver George T. Morgan, toothed border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex Saltford Coins (2022); £65.00.Serendipity
IMG_3543~0.jpeg
1891 Seated Liberty Silver QuarterUSA, Seated Liberty, Silver 1/4 (Quarter) Dollar, 25 Cents, 1891, Breen 4120, SCWC KM A98, Briggs 2-B, Type 5, With Motto (1866-91), aEF, nicely toned, engraved by third Chief Engraver of the US Mint, Christian Gobrecht, edge milled, weight 6.18g (ASW 0.18oz), composition 0.9 Ag, 0.1 Cu, diameter 24.3mm, thickness 1.75mm, die axis 180°, Philadelphia, PA mint, 1891; obverse Liberty, draped, seated right on rock, head left, right hand resting on grounded Union Shield, striped vertically and horizontally across top bar with diagonal banner inscribed LIBERTY, pileus on transverse pole in left, flanked by thirteen stars (seven left, six right) arcing above, 1891 in exergue, toothed border surrounding; reverse UNITED STATES OF AMERICA arcing above and QUAR.DOL. arcing below, IN GOD WE TRUST on scroll over bald eagle standing facing, head left, wings spread with Union Shield on breast, striped vertically and horizontally across top bar, clutching olive branch in right talon, three arrows in left, toothed border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex Baldwin's (23 Apr 2023); £150.00.Serendipity
IMG_3543~27.jpeg
1901 French Marianne Rooster Gold 20 FrancsFrance, Third Republic (1870-1940), Gold 20 Francs, 1901, SCWC KM 847, Gadoury 1064, F. 534/6, Friedberg 596, Marianne Rooster type, aUNC, raised edge lettering DIEU *+ PROTEGE +* LA FRANCE *++* (God Protect France), weight 6.4516g (AGW 0.1867oz), composition 0.9 Au, 0.1 Cu, diameter 21.0mm, thickness 1.25mm, die axis 180°, Paris mint, 1901; obverse REPUBLIQUE-FRANÇAISE ⬝ (French Republic), laureate and draped bust of Marianne right, with long curly hair, wearing Phrygian cap and oak wreath bearing fruit, J.C./CHAPLAIN raised in two lines in lower right field before neck for engraver Jules-Clément Chaplain, embedded egg-and-dart border surrounding; reverse LIBERTE ⬝ EGALITE ⬝ FRATERNITE ⬝ (Liberty, Equality, Fraternity), rooster standing left on ground-line bearing some grasses and a group of flowers, 20-Fcs with macron below cs divided by rooster's legs across lower fields, 1901 in exergue, engraved by Jules-Clément Chaplain, embedded egg-and-dart border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex NumisCorner 869592 (3 Dec 2023); £427.21.Serendipity
0BC4E2F2-C9A8-4C0B-9E2C-ED26F09867D3.jpeg
1903-O Morgan Silver DollarUSA, Morgan Silver Dollar, 1903-O, Breen 5696, SCWC KM 110, BU, edge milled, weight 26.73g (ASW 0.7734oz), composition 0.9 Ag, 0.1 Cu, diameter 38.1mm, thickness 2.4mm, die axis 180°, New Orleans, LA mint, 1903; obverse E • PLURIBUS • UNUM (Out of Many, One) arcing above and 1903 arcing below flanked by thirteen stars (seven left, six right), laureate and diademed Liberty head left, wearing Phrygian cap encircled by diadem inscribed LIBERTY, cotton and wheat wreath above diadem, tiny M incuse on truncation for engraver George T. Morgan, toothed border surrounding; reverse UNITED-STATES OF-AMERICA arcing above and * ONE DOLLAR * arcing below, ℑ𝔫 𝔊𝔬𝔡 𝔴𝔢 𝔱𝔯𝔲𝔰𝔱 in one line over bald eagle standing facing, head left, wings spread, clutching olive branch in right talon, three arrows in left, within half-circle laurel wreath tied with bow at base, tiny M incuse in left bow loop for engraver George T. Morgan, mint mark O below bow over DO bottom centre, toothed border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex Cambridgeshire Coins (6 Jul 2020); scarce; £325.00.Serendipity
IMG_3543~26.jpeg
1911 French Marianne Rooster Gold 10 FrancsFrance, Third Republic (1870-1940), Gold 10 Francs, 1911, SCWC KM 846, Gadoury 1017, F. 509/12, Friedberg 597, Marianne Rooster type, BU, edge milled, weight 3.2258g (AGW 0.09335oz), composition 0.9 Au, 0.1 Cu, diameter 19.0mm, thickness 0.8mm, die axis 180°, Paris mint, 1911; obverse REPUBLIQUE-FRANÇAISE · (French Republic), laureate and draped bust of Marianne right, with long curly hair, wearing Phrygian cap and oak wreath bearing fruit, J.C.C raised in lower right field before neck for engraver Jules-Clément Chaplain, toothed border surrounding; reverse LIBERTE · EGALITE · FRATERNITE · (Liberty, Equality, Fraternity), rooster standing left on ground-line bearing some grasses and a group of flowers, 10-Fcs divided by rooster's legs across lower fields, 1911 in exergue, flanked by cornucopia mint and torch privy marks, engraved by Jules-Clément Chaplain, toothed border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex CGB Numismatics Paris (29 Dec 2023); £277.75.Serendipity
IMG_3543~28.jpeg
1911 French Marianne Rooster Gold 20 Francs RestrikeFrance, Third Republic (1870-1940), Gold 20 Francs Restrike, 1911, SCWC KM 857, Gadoury 1064a, F. 535/5, Friedberg 596a, Marianne Rooster type, UNC, raised edge lettering LIBERTÉ +* ÉGALITÉ +* FRATERNITÉ *++* (Liberty, Equality, Fraternity), weight 6.4516g (AGW 0.1867oz), composition 0.9 Au, 0.1 Cu, diameter 21.0mm, thickness 1.25mm, die axis 180°, Paris mint, 1911; obverse REPUBLIQUE-FRANÇAISE ⬝ (French Republic), laureate and draped bust of Marianne right, with long curly hair, wearing Phrygian cap and oak wreath bearing fruit, J.C./CHAPLAIN raised in two lines in lower right field before neck for engraver Jules-Clément Chaplain, embedded egg-and-dart border surrounding; reverse LIBERTE ⬝ EGALITE ⬝ FRATERNITE ⬝ (Liberty, Equality, Fraternity), rooster standing left on ground-line bearing some grasses and a group of flowers, 20-Fcs with macron below cs divided by rooster's legs across lower fields, 1911 in exergue, flanked by torch privy and cornucopia mint marks, engraved by Jules-Clément Chaplain, embedded egg-and-dart border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex eBay sale (17 Dec 2023); £350.00.Serendipity
dime_1917_obv_03_rev_01_001.JPG
1917 Dime-
--
USA - 1917 'Winged Liberty Head Dime' also known as a 'Mercury Dime'.
--
-
rexesq
dime_1917_obv_02_rev_01_001.JPG
1917 Dime-
--
USA - 1917 'Winged Liberty Head Dime' also known as a 'Mercury Dime'.
--
-
rexesq
8A56B1DA-A144-4DD1-A2CC-3947A16834F5.jpeg
1921-D Morgan Silver DollarUSA, Morgan Silver Dollar, 1921-D, Breen 5709, SCWC KM 110, BU, edge milled, weight 26.73g (ASW 0.7734oz), composition 0.9 Ag, 0.1 Cu, diameter 38.1mm, thickness 2.4mm, die axis 180°, Denver, CO mint, 1921; obverse E • PLURIBUS • UNUM (Out of Many, One) arcing above and 1921 arcing below flanked by thirteen stars (seven left, six right), laureate and diademed Liberty head left, wearing Phrygian cap encircled by diadem inscribed LIBERTY, cotton and wheat wreath above diadem, tiny M incuse on truncation for engraver George T. Morgan, toothed border surrounding; reverse UNITED-STATES OF-AMERICA arcing above and * ONE DOLLAR * arcing below, ℑ𝔫 𝔊𝔬𝔡 𝔴𝔢 𝔱𝔯𝔲𝔰𝔱 in one line over bald eagle standing facing, head left, wings spread, clutching olive branch in right talon, three arrows in left, within half-circle laurel wreath tied with bow at at base, tiny M incuse in left bow loop for engraver George T. Morgan, mint mark D below bow over DO bottom centre, toothed border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex London Coin Company (15 Sep 2020); £149.95.Serendipity
IMG_3543_2~0.jpeg
1923 Peace Silver DollarUSA, Peace Silver Dollar, 1923, Breen 5717, SCWC KM 150, UNC, interesting toning, edge milled, weight 26.73g (ASW 0.7734oz), composition 0.9 Ag, 0.1 Cu, diameter 38.1mm, thickness 2.4mm, die axis 180°, Philadelphia, PA mint, 1923; obverse LIBERTY arcing above and 1923 arcing below, radiate Liberty head left, ·IN·GOD·WE-TRVST· divided by Liberty's slender neck across lower fields, AF raised below truncation for engraver Anthony de Francisci, raised border surrounding; reverse UNITED • STATES • OF • AMERICA/E • PLURIBUS-UNUM (Out of Many, One) arcing above in two lines, bald eagle standing right atop mountain, wings folded, seen from back, clutching olive branch in talons, distant hills at bottom right of mountain, rays behind, ONE-DOLLAR divided by eagle across lower fields, PEACE arcing at base of mountain below, engraved by Anthony de Francisci, raised border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex Baldwin's (6 Oct 2023); £100.00.Serendipity
Clipboard2~0.jpg
1925 Stone Mountian Memorial Half-DollarThe Stone Mountain Memorial Half Dollar was released in 1925 to commemorate the effort, begun in 1923, to carve the Stone Mountain Memorial in Georgia.
The obverse design features equestrian figures of generals Robert E. Lee and Thomas J. (Stonewall) Jackson reviewing the Confederate armies.
The reverse features an eagle, emblematic of liberty, poised on a mountain crag with stars dimly visible in the background.
ancientone
dime_1942-S_obv_02_obv_06_rev_01_rev_05.JPG
1942-S - Dime 'Mercury Dime'USA 'Mercury' or 'Winged Liberty' Dime - 1942 San Francisco Mint.
~~~~~
*Nice bands on the fasces on the reverse.*
~~~
~
rexesq
BrutusDenLictors.jpg
1ag Marcus Junius BrutusTook his own life in 42 BC after being defeated at Philippi by Antony and Octavian

Denarius, issued as moneyer, 54 BC
Head of Liberty, right, LIBERTAS
Consul L. Junius Brutus between lictors, preceded by accensus, BRVTVS

Seaby, Junia 31

Plutarch wrote: Marcus Brutus was descended from that Junius Brutus to whom the ancient Romans erected a statue of brass in the capitol among the images of their kings with a drawn sword in his hand, in remembrance of his courage and resolution in expelling the Tarquins and destroying the monarchy. . . . But this Brutus, whose life we now write, having to the goodness of his disposition added the improvements of learning and the study of philosophy, and having stirred up his natural parts, of themselves grave and gentle, by applying himself to business and public affairs, seems to have been of a temper exactly framed for virtue; insomuch that they who were most his enemies upon account of his conspiracy against Caesar, if in that whole affair there was any honourable or generous part, referred it wholly to Brutus, and laid whatever was barbarous and cruel to the charge of Cassius, Brutus's connection and familiar friend, but not his equal in honesty and pureness of purpose. . . . In Latin, he had by exercise attained a sufficient skill to be able to make public addresses and to plead a cause; but in Greek, he must be noted for affecting the sententious and short Laconic way of speaking in sundry passages of his epistles. . . . And in all other things Brutus was partaker of Caesar's power as much as he desired: for he might, if he had pleased, have been the chief of all his friends, and had authority and command beyond them all, but Cassius and the company he met with him drew him off from Caesar. . . . Caesar snatching hold of the handle of the dagger, and crying out aloud in Latin, "Villain Casca, what do you?" he, calling in Greek to his brother, bade him come and help. And by this time, finding himself struck by a great many hands, and looking around about him to see if he could force his way out, when he saw Brutus with his dagger drawn against him, he let go Casca's hand, that he had hold of and covering his head with his robe, gave up his body to their blows.
2 commentsBlindado
TiberiusAsSC.jpg
1al Tiberius14-37

As
Laureate head, left, TI CAESAR AVGVST F IMPERAT V
PONTIF MAXIM TRIBVN POTEST XXIII SC

This is one of a series of 12 Caesars pieces that were local finds in Serbia. There are better coins out there, but I'll hang onto these because they really got me into the hobby.

RIC 469

Per Suetonius: Within three years, however, both Lucius Caesar and Gaius Caesar were dead [in AD2 and 4 respectively], and Augustus now adopted both their brother Agrippa Postumus, and Tiberius, who was first required to adopt his nephew Germanicus [in 4 AD]. . . .

From that moment onwards, Augustus did all he could to enhance Tiberius’ prestige, especially after the disowning and banishment of Postumus [ca 6 AD] made it obvious that Tiberius was the sole heir to the succession. . . .

Tiberius acted like a traditional citizen, more modestly almost than the average individual. He accepted only a few of the least distinguished honours offered him; it was only with great reluctance that he consented to his birthday being recognised, falling as it did on the day of the Plebeian Games in the Circus, by the addition of a two-horse chariot to the proceedings; and he refused to have temples, and priests dedicated to him, or even the erection of statues and busts, without his permission; which he only gave if they were part of the temple adornments and not among the divine images. . . .

Moreover, in the face of abuse, libels or slanders against himself and his family, he remained unperturbed and tolerant, often maintaining that a free country required free thought and speech. . . . He even introduced a species of liberty, by maintaining the traditional dignities and powers of the Senate and magistrates. He laid all public and private matters, small or great, before the Senate consulting them over State revenues, monopolies, and the construction and maintenance of public buildings, over the levying and disbanding of troops, the assignment of legions and auxiliaries, the scope of military appointments, and the allocation of campaigns, and even the form and content of his replies to letters from foreign powers. . . .

Returning to Capreae, he abandoned all affairs of state, neither filling vacancies in the Equestrian Order’s jury lists, nor appointing military tribunes, prefects, or even provincial governors. Spain and Syria lacked governors of Consular rank for several years, while he allowed the Parthians to overrun Armenia, Moesia to be ravaged by the Dacians and Sarmatians, and Gaul by the Germans, threatening the Empire’s honour no less than its security. Furthermore, with the freedom afforded by privacy, hidden as it were from public view, he gave free rein to the vices he had concealed for so long. . . .
Blindado
NervaAsLibertas.jpg
1bb Nerva96-98

As
Laureate head, right, IMP NERVA CAES AVG P M TR P COS II
Liberty stg, LIBERTAS PVBLICA SC

The perfect propaganda reverse for the successor to a tyrant. I guess he had a nose for these things.

RIC 86

Eutropius recorded: IN the eight hundred and fiftieth year from the foundation of the city, in the consulship of Vetus and Valens, the empire was restored to a most prosperous condition, being committed, with great good fortune, to the rule of meritorious princes. To Domitian, a most murderous tyrant, succeeded NERVA, a man of moderation and activity in private life, and of noble descent, though not of the very highest rank. He was made emperor at an advanced age, Petronius Secundus, the praefect of the praetorian guards, and Parthenius, one of the assassins of Domitian, giving him their support, and conducted himself with great justice and public spirit.1 He provided for the good of the state by a divine foresight, in his adoption of Trajan. He died at Rome, after a reign of one year, four months, and eight days, in the seventy-second year of his age, and was enrolled among the gods.
Blindado
DiocletianAntConcordMil.jpg
1ds Diocletian284-305

AE antoninianus

Radiate, draped, cuirassed bust, right, IMP C C VAL DIOCLETIANVS P F AVG
Zeus and Diocletian, CONCORDIA MILITVM

RIC 284B

According to the Historia Augusta, after the death of Numerian: Then a huge assembly was held and a tribunal, too, was constructed. And when the question was asked who would be the most lawful avenger of Numerian and who could be given to the commonwealth as a good emperor, then all, with a heaven-sent unanimity, conferred the title of Augustus on Diocletian. . . . He was at this time in command of the household-troops, an outstanding man and wise, devoted to the commonwealth, devoted to his kindred, duly prepared to face whatever the occasion demanded, forming plans that were always deep though sometimes over-bold, and one who could by prudence and exceeding firmness hold in check the impulses of a restless spirit. This man, then, having ascended the tribunal was hailed as Augustus, and when someone asked how Numerian had been slain, he drew his sword and pointing to Aper, the prefect of the guard, he drove it through him, saying as he did so, "It is he who contrived Numerian's death.''

Eutropius summarized a long and important reign: DIOCLETIAN, a native of Dalmatia, [was] of such extremely obscure birth, that he is said by most writers to have been the son of a clerk, but by some to have been a freedman of a senator named Anulinus. . . . He soon after overthrew Carinus, who was living under the utmost hatred and detestation, in a great battle at Margum, Carinus being betrayed by his own troops, for though he had a greater number of men than the enemy, he was altogether abandoned by them between Viminacium and mount Aureus. He thus became master of the Roman empire; and when the peasants in Gaul made an insurrection, giving their faction the name of Bagaudae, and having for leaders Amandus and Aelianus, he despatched Maximian Herculius, with the authority of Caesar, to suppress them. Maximian, in a few battles of little importance, subdued the rustic multitude, and restored peace to Gaul. . . .

Diocletian promoted MAXIMIAN HERCULIUS from the dignity of Caesar to that of emperor, and created Constantius and Maximian Galerius Caesars, of whom Constantius is said to have been the grand-nephew of Claudius by a daughter, and Maximian Galerius to have been born in Dacia not far from Sardica. That he might also unite them by affinity, Constantius married Theodora the step-daughter of Herculius, by whom he had afterwards six children, brothers to Constantine; while Galerius married Valeria, the daughter of Diocletian; both being obliged to divorce the wives that they had before. . . .

Diocletian, meanwhile, besieging Achilleus in Alexandria, obliged him to surrender about eight months after, and put him to death. He used his victory, indeed, cruelly, and distressed all Egypt with severe proscriptions and massacres. Yet at the same time he made many judicious arrangements and regulations, which continue to our own days. . . .

Diocletian was of a crafty disposition, with much sagacity, and keen penetration. He was willing to gratify his own disposition to cruelty in such a way as to throw the odium upon others; he was however a very active and able prince. He was the first that introduced into the Roman empire a ceremony suited rather to royal usages than to Roman liberty, giving orders that he should be adored, whereas all emperors before him were only saluted. He put ornaments of precious stones on his dress and shoes, when the imperial distinction had previously been only in the purple robe, the rest of the habit being the same as that of other men. . . .

But when Diocletian, as age bore heavily upon him, felt himself unable to sustain the government of the empire, he suggested to Herculius that they should both retire into private life, and commit the duty of upholding the state to more vigorous and youthful hands. With this suggestion his colleague reluctantly complied. Both of them, in the same day, exchanged the robe of empire for an ordinary dress, Diocletian at Nicomedia, Herculius at Milan, soon after a magnificent triumph which they celebrated at Rome over several nations, with a noble succession of pictures, and in which the wives, sisters, and children of Narseus were led before their chariots. The one then retired to Salonae, and the other into Lucania.

Diocletian lived to an old age in a private station, at a villa which is not far from Salonae, in honourable retirement, exercising extraordinary philosophy, inasmuch as he alone of all men, since the foundation of the Roman empire, voluntarily returned from so high a dignity to the condition of private life, and to an equality with the other citizens. That happened to him, therefore, which had happened to no one since men were created, that, though he died in a private condition, he was enrolled among the gods.
Blindado
ConstansAE3GlorEx.jpg
1ei Constans337-350

AE3

RIC 93

Rosette diademed, draped & cuirassed bust, right, CONSTANS P F AVG
Two soldiers standing to either side of one standard with chi-rho on banner, GLORIA EXERCITVS, [A]SIS-crescent in ex.

Constans received Italy, Africa, and the Balkans when the empire was divided. He took charge of the remainder of the West after Constantine II imprudently attacked him in 340. Zosimus recorded, "Constans, having thus removed his brother, exercised every species of cruelty toward his subjects, exceeding the most intolerable tyranny. He purchased some well favoured Barbarians, and had others with him as hostages, to whom he gave liberty to harrass his subjects as they pleased, in order to gratify his vicious disposition. In this manner he reduced all the nations that were subject to him to extreme misery. This gave uneasiness to the court guards, who perceiving that he was much addicted to hunting placed themselves under the conduct of Marcellinus prefect of the treasury, and Magnentius who commanded the Joviani and Herculiani (two legions so termed), and formed a plot against him in the following manner. Marcellinus reported that he meant to keep the birth-day of his sons, and invited many of the superior officers to a feast. Amongst the rest Magnentius rose from table and left the room; he presently returned, and as it were in a drama stood before them clothed in an imperial robe. Upon this all the guests saluted him with the title of king, and the inhabitants of Augustodunum, where it was done, concurred in the same sentiment. This transaction being rumoured abroad, the country people flocked into the city; while at the same time a party of Illyrian cavalry who came to supply the Celtic legions, joined themselves with those that were concerned in the enterprize. When the officers of the army were met together, and heard the leaders of the conspiracy proclaim their new emperor, they scarcely knew the meaning of it; they all, however, joined in the acclamation, and saluted Magnentius with the appellation of Augustus. When this became known to Constans, he endeavoured to escape to a small town called Helena, which lies near the Pyrenean mountains. He was taken by Gaison, who was sent with some other select persons for that purpose, and being destitute of all aid, was killed. "
Blindado
20210212_184835.jpg
2 Centavos (Cruzeiro novo)1969 CE

Obverse: Effigy of the Liberty to the left. BRASIL

Reverse: Denomination above date. 2 CENTAVOS 1969

Pericles J2
20210106_165508.jpg
20 Réis1919 CE

Obverse: Bust of Liberty right within 3/4 circle of stars.

Reverse: 20 RÉIS at center. 1919 below.

REPUBLICA DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DO BRASIL
20
RÉIS
1919
Pericles J2
20210106_171602.jpg
200 Réis1927 CE

Obverse: REPUBLICA DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DO BRASIL 200 RÉIS 1927

Reverse: Head of "Liberty" facing right with stars around the rim.
Pericles J2
20210106_171941.jpg
200 Réis1929 CE

Obverse: REPUBLICA DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DO BRASIL 200 RÉIS *1929*

Reverse: Head of "Liberty" facing right with stars around the rim.
Pericles J2
IMG_3543~19.jpeg
2003 American 1/4oz Platinum EagleUSA, American 1/4oz Platinum Eagle, 25 Dollars, 2003, SCWC KM 284, UNC, edge milled, weight 7.78g (APW 0.25oz), composition 0.9995 Pt, diameter 22.0mm, thickness 1.32mm, die axis 180°, Philadelphia, PA mint, 2003; obverse LIBERTY arcing above, behind seven rays of diademed and draped Statue of Liberty bust facing, E PLURIBUS UNUM (Out of Many, One) incuse arcing along Liberty's raised arm below left, 2003/IN GOD/WE/TRUST in four lines to right, JM (John Mercanti) monogram over Liberty's shoulder to left, raised border surrounding; reverse UNITED STATES/OF AMERICA in two lines above, .9995/PLATINUM/1/4 OZ. in three lines to right, bald eagle soaring right, wings outstretched, with seven-rayed sun rising on horizon in background to lower left, $25 incuse in exergue, tiny TDR (Thomas D. Rogers) incuse monogram at bottom right of exergue, raised border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex Suisse Gold (14 Aug 2023); £328.46.Serendipity
coin231.JPG
204b. Julia MaesaJulia Maesa (about 170- about 226) was daughter of Julius Bassianus, priest of the sun god Heliogabalus, the patron god of Emesa in the Roman province of Syria, and grandmother of the Roman emperor Elagabalus. Like her younger sister Julia Domna, she was among the most important women ever to exercise power behind the throne in the Roman empire.

Julia Maesa was married to Julius Avitus and had two daughters, Julia Mamaea and Julia Soaemias, each one mother of an emperor. Following the accession to the throne of her brother in law Septimius Severus, Julia Maesa moved to Rome to live with her sister. After the murder of her nephew Caracalla, and the suicide of Julia Domna, she was compelled to return to Syria. But the new emperor Macrinus did not proscribe her and allowed her to keep her money. In Syria, Maesa engaged in a plot to overthrow Macrinus and place one of her grandsons, Elagabalus son of Julia Soaemias, in his place. In order to legitimise this pretension, mother and daughter rumoured that the 14-year-old boy was Caracalla's illegitimate son. The Julias were successful, mainly due to the fact that Macrinus was of an obscure origin without the proper political connections, and Elagabalus became emperor.

For her loyalty and support, Elagabalus honored Julia Maesa with the title Augusta avia Augusti (Augusta, grandmother of Augustus). When the teenager proved to be a disaster as emperor (even taking the liberty of marrying a Vestal virgin), Julia Maesa decided to promote Alexander Severus, another of her grandsons. Elagabalus was forced to adopt Alexander as son and was murdered shortly afterwards.

Julia Maesa died in an uncertain date around 226 AD and, like her sister Domna before her, was deified.

Julia Maesa Denarius. PVDICITIA, Pudicitia seated left, raising veil and holding sceptre.

Julia Maesa Denarius. IVLIA MAESA AVG, draped bust right / PVDICITIA, Pudicitia seated left, raising veil and holding sceptre. RIC 268, RSC 36. s2183. No.1502. nVF.
RSC 444, RIC 88
ecoli
RIC_19_Denario_Nerva.jpg
23-02 - NERVA (96 - 98 D.C.)AR Denario 17 mm 3.0 gr.

Anv: "IMP NERVA CAES AVG P M TR P COS III P P" - Busto laureado viendo a derecha.
Rev: "LIBERTAS PVBLICA" - Libertas (La Libertad) de pié a izquierda, portando largo cetro apoyado en brazo izquierdo y Pileus (Gorro de los esclavos) en mano derecha.
Nerva mantuvo siempre que él había "Liberado" a Roma de la tiranía de Domitiano, y restaurado el régimen constitucional.


Acuñada 2da. Emisión 97 D.C.
Ceca: Roma - 5ta. Off.

Referencias: RIC Vol.II #19D Pag.224 - Sear RCTV Vol.II #3034 var Pag.86 - BMCRE #46 pl.2/4 - Cohen Vol.II #113 Pag.10 - DVM #14 Pag.118 - RSC Vol. II #113 Pag.80
mdelvalle
Denario NERVA RIC 19D.jpg
23-03 - NERVA (96 - 98 D.C.)AR Denario 17 mm 3.0 gr.

Anv: "IMP NERVA CAES AVG P M TR P COS III P P" - Busto laureado viendo a derecha.
Rev: "LIBERTAS PVBLICA" - Libertas (La Libertad) de pié a izquierda, portando largo cetro apoyado en brazo izquierdo y Pileus (Gorro de los esclavos) en mano derecha.
Nerva mantuvo siempre que él había "Liberado" a Roma de la tiranía de Domitiano, y restaurado el régimen constitucional.


Acuñada 2da. Emisión 97 D.C.
Ceca: Roma - 5ta. Off.

Referencias: RIC Vol.II #19D Pag.224 - Sear RCTV Vol.II #3034 var Pag.86 - BMCRE #46 pl.2/4 - Cohen Vol.II #113 Pag.10 - DVM #14 Pag.118 - RSC Vol. II #113 Pag.80
mdelvalle
AS NERVA RIC 86_1.jpg
23-10 - NERVA (96 - 98 D.C.)AE AS 27 mm 11.2 gr.

Anv: "IMP NERVA CAES AVG P M TR P COS II P P" - Busto laureado viendo a derecha.
Rev: "LIBERTAS PVBLICA - S C" - Libertas (La Libertad) de pié a izquierda, portando largo cetro apoyado en brazo izquierdo y Pileus (Gorro de los esclavos) en mano derecha.
Nerva mantuvo siempre que él había "Liberado" a Roma de la tiranía de Domitiano, y restaurado el régimen constitucional.

Acuñada Sep./Dic. 96 D.C.
Ceca: Roma

Referencias: RIC Vol.II #64 Pag.227 - Sear RCTV Vol.II #3064 Pag.91 - BMCRE p.17,* - Cohen Vol.II #108 Pag.10 - DVM #33 Pag.118 - CBN #85
mdelvalle
RIC_64_AS_Nerva.jpg
23-10 - NERVA (96 - 98 D.C.)AE AS 27 mm 11.2 gr.

Anv: "IMP NERVA CAES AVG P M TR P COS II P P" - Busto laureado viendo a derecha.
Rev: "LIBERTAS PVBLICA - S C" - Libertas (La Libertad) de pié a izquierda, portando largo cetro apoyado en brazo izquierdo y Pileus (Gorro de los esclavos) en mano derecha.
Nerva mantuvo siempre que él había "Liberado" a Roma de la tiranía de Domitiano, y restaurado el régimen constitucional.

Acuñada Sep./Dic. 96 D.C.
Ceca: Roma

Referencias: RIC Vol.II #64 Pag.227 - Sear RCTV Vol.II #3064 Pag.91 - BMCRE p.17,* - Cohen Vol.II #108 Pag.10 - DVM #33 Pag.118 - CBN #85
mdelvalle
186Hadrian__RIC818.jpg
2382 Hadrian AS Roma 134-38 AD Libertas Reference.
RIC II 818; Strack 676; RIC 2382 pl.

Bust A1

Obv. HADRIANVS AVG COS III P P
Laureate head

Rev. LIBERTAS PVBLICA; S C in field.
Libertas, standing left, holding pileus and full-length sceptre (sic)

9.62 gr
25 mm
6h

Extra.
The pileus was especially associated with the manumission of slaves. who wore it upon their liberation. It became emblematic of liberty and freedom from bondage
Source.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pileus_(hat)
okidoki
GalVsr227.jpg
253-268 AD - Gallienus - RIC V (sole reign) 227 - LIBERAL AVGEmperor: Gallienus (r. 253-268 AD)
Date: 262 AD
Condition: VF/Fair
Denomination: Antoninianus

Obverse: GALLIENVS AVG
Emperor Gallienus
Bust right; radiate

Reverse: LIBERAL AVG
The Emperor provides liberty.
Liberalitas standing left, holding tessera and cornucopiae.
"Q" in left field

Rome mint
RIC V Gallienus (sole reign) 227; VM 145
1.77g; 19.7mm; 150°
Pep
SevAlex-RIC-285.jpg
320. Severus Alexander / RIC 285.Denarius, ca 222 - 223 AD, Antioch mint.
Obv: IMP SEV ALEXAND AVG / Laureate bust of Severus Alexander.
Rev: LIBERTAS AVG / Libertas standing, holding pileus (liberty cap) and sceptre; star at left.
2.95 gm., 18 mm.
RIC #285.
Callimachus
caligula quadrans.jpg
37-41 AD - CALIGULA (GAIUS) AE quadrans - struck 39 ADobv: C CAESAR DIVI AVG PRON AVG / RCC
rev: PONT M TR P III PP COS DES III / S.C.
ref: RIC I 39, C.27, BMC57
mint: Rome
3.06gms, 16-18mm
Scarce

RCC = remissa ducentesima. Commemorative of a tax having been abolished by Caligula. The pileus or cap of liberty between S and C, an allusion made to the right of suffrage granted to the people in the year AD 38.
berserker
20210105_145542.jpg
400 Réis1925 CE

Obverse: Portrait of Liberty facing right with stars around the rim.

Reverse: REPUBLICA DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DO BRASIL 400 RÉIS * 1925 *
Pericles J2
20210211_173955.jpg
50 Cruzeiros1965 CE

Obverse: Head of Liberty facing left with one star for every Brazilian state. REPUBLICA DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DO BRASIL

Reverse: Denomination with a branch of coffee above date. 50 CRUZEIROS 1965
Pericles J2
20210106_164630.jpg
500 Réis1928 CE

Obverse: Kneeling liberty figure, stars around.

Reverse: Denomination within wreath. Date below.
BRASIL
500
RÉIS
1928
Pericles J2
GalbaAEAs.jpg
707a, Galba, 3 April 68 - 15 January 69 A.D.Galba AE As, 68-69 AD; cf. SRC 727, 729ff; 27.85mm, 12g; Rome: Obverse: GALBA IMP CAESAR…, Laureate head right; Reverse: S P Q R OB CIV SER in oak wreath; gF+/F Ex. Ancient Imports.

De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families

Galba (68-69 A.D.)


John Donahue
College of William and Mary


Introduction
The evidence for the principate of Galba is unsatisfactory. The sources either concentrate on the personality of the man, thereby failing to offer a balanced account of his policies and a firm chronological base for his actions; or, they focus on the final two weeks of his life at the expense of the earlier part of his reign. As a result, a detailed account of his principate is difficult to write. Even so, Galba is noteworthy because he was neither related to nor adopted by his predecessor Nero. Thus, his accession marked the end of the nearly century-long control of the Principate by the Julio-Claudians. Additionally, Galba's declaration as emperor by his troops abroad set a precedent for the further political upheavals of 68-69. Although these events worked to Galba's favor initially, they soon came back to haunt him, ending his tumultuous rule after only seven months.

Early Life and Rise to Power
Born 24 December 3 BC in Tarracina, a town on the Appian Way, 65 miles south of Rome, Servius Galba was the son of C. Sulpicius Galba and Mummia Achaica. Galba's connection with the noble house of the Servii gave him great prestige and assured his acceptance among the highest levels of Julio-Claudian society. Adopted in his youth by Livia, the mother of the emperor Tiberius, he is said to have owed much of his early advancement to her. Upon her death, Livia made Galba her chief legatee, bequeathing him some 50 million sesterces. Tiberius, Livia's heir, reduced the amount, however, and then never paid it. Galba's marriage proved to be a further source of disappointment, as he outlived both his wife Lepida and their two sons. Nothing else is known of Galba's immediate family, other than that he remained a widower for the rest of his life.

Although the details of Galba's early political career are incomplete, the surviving record is one of an ambitious Roman making his way in the Emperor's service. Suetonius records that as praetor Galba put on a new kind of exhibition for the people - elephants walking on a rope. Later, he served as governor of the province of Aquitania, followed by a six-month term as consul at the beginning of 33. Ironically, as consul he was succeeded by Salvius Otho, whose own son would succeed Galba as emperor. Over the years three more governorships followed - Upper Germany (date unknown), North Africa (45) and Hispania Tarraconensis, the largest of Spain's three provinces (61). He was selected as a proconsul of Africa by the emperor Claudius himself instead of by the usual method of drawing lots. During his two-year tenure in the province he successfully restored internal order and quelled a revolt by the barbarians. As an imperial legate he was a governor in Spain for eight years under Nero, even though he was already in his early sixties when he assumed his duties. The appointment showed that Galba was still considered efficient and loyal. In all of these posts Galba generally displayed an enthusiasm for old-fashioned disciplina, a trait consistent with the traditional characterization of the man as a hard-bitten aristocrat of the old Republican type. Such service did not go unnoticed, as he was honored with triumphal insignia and three priesthoods during his career.

On the basis of his ancestry, family tradition and service to the state Galba was the most distinguished Roman alive (with the exception of the houses of the Julii and Claudii) at the time of Nero's demise in 68. The complex chain of events that would lead him to the Principate later that year began in March with the rebellion of Gaius Iulius Vindex, the governor of Gallia Lugdunensis. Vindex had begun to sound out provincial governors about support for a rebellion perhaps in late 67 or early 68. Galba did not respond but, because of his displeasure with Neronian misgovernment, neither did he inform the emperor of these treasonous solicitations. This, of course, left him dangerously exposed; moreover, he was already aware that Nero, anxious to remove anyone of distinguished birth and noble achievements, had ordered his death. Given these circumstances, Galba likely felt that he had no choice but to rebel.

In April, 68, while still in Spain, Galba "went public," positioning himself as a vir militaris, a military representative of the senate and people of Rome. For the moment, he refused the title of Emperor, but it is clear that the Principate was his goal. To this end, he organized a concilium of advisors in order to make it known that any decisions were not made by him alone but only after consultation with a group. The arrangement was meant to recall the Augustan Age relationship between the emperor and senate in Rome. Even more revealing of his imperial ambitions were legends like LIBERTAS RESTITUTA (Liberty Restored), ROM RENASC (Rome Reborn) and SALUS GENERIS HUMANI (Salvation of Mankind), preserved on his coinage from the period. Such evidence has brought into question the traditional assessment of Galba as nothing more than an ineffectual representative of a bygone antiquus rigor in favor of a more balanced portrait of a traditional constitutionalist eager to publicize the virtues of an Augustan-style Principate.
Events now began to move quickly. In May, 68 Lucius Clodius Macer, legate of the III legio Augusta in Africa, revolted from Nero and cut off the grain supply to Rome. Choosing not to recognize Galba, he called himself propraetor, issued his own coinage, and raised a new legion, the I Macriana liberatrix. Galba later had him executed. At the same time, 68, Lucius Verginius Rufus, legionary commander in Upper Germany, led a combined force of soldiers from Upper and Lower Germany in defeating Vindex at Vesontio in Gallia Lugdunensis. Verginius refused to accept a call to the emperorship by his own troops and by those from the Danube, however, thereby creating at Rome an opportunity for Galba's agents to win over Gaius Nymphidius Sabinus, the corrupt praetorian prefect since 65. Sabinus was able to turn the imperial guard against Nero on the promise that they would be rewarded financially by Galba upon his arrival. That was the end for Nero. Deposed by the senate and abandoned by his supporters, he committed suicide in June. At this point, encouraged to march on Rome by the praetorians and especially by Sabinus, who had his own designs on the throne, Galba hurriedly established broad-based political and financial support and assembled his own legion (subsequently known as the legio VII Gemina). As he departed from Spain, he abandoned the title of governor in favor of "Caesar," apparently in an attempt to lay claim to the entire inheritance of the Julio-Claudian house. Even so, he continued to proceed cautiously, and did not actually adopt the name of Caesar (and with it the emperorship) until sometime after he had left Spain.

The Principate of Galba
Meanwhile, Rome was anything but serene. An unusual force of soldiers, many of whom had been mustered by Nero to crush the attempt of Vindex, remained idle and restless. In addition, there was the matter concerning Nymphidius Sabinus. Intent on being the power behind the throne, Nymphidius had orchestrated a demand from the praetorians that Galba appoint him sole praetorian prefect for life. The senate capitulated to his pretensions and he began to have designs on the throne himself. In an attempt to rattle Galba, Nymphidius then sent messages of alarm to the emperor telling of unrest in both the city and abroad. When Galba ignored these reports, Nymphidius decided to launch a coup by presenting himself to the praetorians. The plan misfired, and the praetorians killed him when he appeared at their camp. Upon learning of the incident, Galba ordered the executions of Nymphidius' followers. To make matters worse, Galba's arrival was preceded by a confrontation with a boisterous band of soldiers who had been formed into a legion by Nero and were now demanding legionary standards and regular quarters. When they persisted, Galba's forces attacked, with the result that many of them were killed.
Thus it was amid carnage and fear that Galba arrived at the capital in October, 68, accompanied by Otho, the governor of Lusitania, who had joined the cause. Once Galba was within Rome, miscalculations and missteps seemed to multiply. First, he relied upon the advice of a corrupt circle of advisors, most notably: Titus Vinius, a general from Spain; Cornelius Laco, praetorian prefect; and his own freedman, Icelus. Second, he zealously attempted to recover some of Nero's more excessive expenditures by seizing the property of many citizens, a measure that seems to have gone too far and to have caused real hardship and resentment. Third, he created further ill-will by disbanding the imperial corps of German bodyguards, effectively abolishing a tradition that originated with Marius and had been endorsed by Augustus. Finally, he seriously alienated the military by refusing cash rewards for both the praetorians and for the soldiers in Upper Germany who had fought against Vindex.

This last act proved to be the beginning of the end for Galba.
On 1 January 69 ("The Year of the Four Emperors"), the troops in Upper Germany refused to declare allegiance to him and instead followed the men stationed in Lower Germany in proclaiming their commander, Aulus Vitellius, as the new ruler. In response, Galba adopted Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi Licinianus to show that he was still in charge and that his successor would not be chosen for him. Piso, although an aristocrat, was a man completely without administrative or military experience. The choice meant little to the remote armies, the praetorians or the senate, and it especially angered Otho, who had hoped to succeed Galba. Otho quickly organized a conspiracy among the praetorians with the now-familiar promise of a material reward, and on 15 January 69 they declared him emperor and publicly killed Galba; Piso, dragged from hiding in the temple of Vesta, was also butchered.

Assessment
In sum, Galba had displayed talent and ambition during his lengthy career. He enjoyed distinguished ancestry, moved easily among the Julio-Claudian emperors (with the exception of Nero towards the end of his principate), and had been awarded the highest military and religious honors of ancient Rome. His qualifications for the principate cannot be questioned. Even so, history has been unkind to him. Tacitus characterized Galba as "weak and old," a man "equal to the imperial office, if he had never held it." Modern historians of the Roman world have been no less critical. To be sure, Galba's greatest mistake lay in his general handling of the military. His treatment of the army in Upper Germany was heedless, his policy towards the praetorians short sighted. Given the climate in 68-69, Galba was unrealistic in expecting disciplina without paying the promised rewards. He was also guilty of relying on poor advisors, who shielded him from reality and ultimately allowed Otho's conspiracy to succeed. Additionally, the excessive power of his henchmen brought the regime into disfavor and made Galba himself the principal target of the hatred that his aides had incited. Finally, the appointment of Piso, a young man in no way equal to the challenges placed before him, further underscored the emperor's isolation and lack of judgment. In the end, the instability of the post-Julio-Claudian political landscape offered challenges more formidable than a tired, septuagenarian aristocrat could hope to overcome. Ironically, his regime proved no more successful than the Neronian government he was so eager to replace. Another year of bloodshed would be necessary before the Principate could once again stand firm.

Copyright (C) 1999, John Donahue.
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.


Cleisthenes
IMG_4886.JPG
Abraham Lincoln 1865 Mourning TokenObverse: (Reading clockwise) ABRAHAM LINCOLN 16 PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES (Reading counterclockwise) ASSASSINATED BY THE PLOTTERS OF TREASON APR. 14, 1865. Bust of Abraham Lincoln facing right.

Reverse: MARTYR FOR LIBERTY. A tomb consisting of an obelisk standing atop a wide base inscribed: A. LINCOLN APR. 15, 1865. It is set against a radiant field of 36 stars symbolizing the restoration of the Union. LEWIS JOY. NEW YORK in exergue.

Diameter: 20.51 mm

Date: 1865
Matt Inglima
Andrew_Jackson_1815_New_Orleans_medal_restrike.JPG
Andrew Jackson 1815 Battle of New Orleans Obv: MAJOR GENERAL ANDREW JACKSON, bust of Jackson, in military dress, facing left.

Rev: RESOLUTION OF CONGRESS FEBRUARY 27, 1815, Liberty kneeling on a plinth beside Victory who is inscribing "ORLEANS" on a shield. BATTLE OF NEW-ORLEANS / JANUARY 8, 1815.

Designer/Engraver: Moritz Furst

Mint: Philadelphia, Date: 20th Century restrike, Bronze, 65 mm
Matt Inglima
Fuld_12-297a.JPG
Army & NavyObv: Capped bust of Liberty facing left, within a circle of 13 stars, 1863 below.

Rev: ARMY & NAVY within a wreath, crossed sabers below.

Fuld 12/297a
Matt Inglima
H3-Barber Dime.jpg
Barber DimeBarber or Liberty Head Dime, 1913.

Minted 1892-1916, 2.5 gr., 17.9mm, reeded edge, .900 silver, .100 copper, Designer: Charles E. Barber.

1913 dime, good, 19,760,622 minted.

Reference: KM 113
Daniel F
Bramsen 0067.JPG
Bramsen 0067. Column du Department du Rhone, 1800.Bramsen 0067. Column du Department du Rhone, 1800. – 6 views
Obv. From the trumpet of the winged victory hangs a banner AUX BRAVES DU DEP U RHONE
Rev. Text IN EACH DEPATMENT THERE WILL BE ERECTED A COLUMN TO THE MEMORY OF THE BRAVE MEN OF THE DEPARTMENT WHO DIED IN DEFENSE OF THE FATHERLAND AND OF LIBERTY -- DECREE OF 29 VENTOSE YEAR 8 OF THE REPUBLIC; CONSULS BONAPARTE, CAMBACERES, LEBRUN; MINISTER OF THE INTERIOR LU. BONAPARTE. In French.
33mm

Struck in 1800, rare.
LordBest
1335_266_C__Cassius.jpg
C. Cassius - AR denariusRome
²130 BC / ¹126 BC
head of Roma right wearing winged helmet, urn behind
(XVI)
Libertas in quadriga right, holding pileus and scepter
C·CASSI
ROMA
¹Crawford 266/1, Sydenham 502, BMCRR Rome 1032, RSC I Cassia 1, SRCV I 142
²Mark Passehl - Roman moneyer & coin type chronology, 150 – 50 BC
3,85g 18mm
ex Künker

Depiction of Libertas, as well as voting urn, refer to the lex Cassia tabellaria from 137 BC. This law legalized secret ballot for court decisionmaking. Vindicta and pileus held by Libertas are symbols of liberty.
J. B.
Cassia-1.png
C. Cassius – Cassia-1ROMAN REPUBLIC C Cassius Denarius. 126 BC. Helmeted head of Roma right; urn and X behind / Liberty in quadriga right; C. CASSI below, ROMA in exergue. Cr266/1; Syd 502; RCV 142Bud Stewart
Caracalla_Libertas.jpg
Caracalla, Silver Denarius * "Lady Liberty" * 196-217AD * "Romans are free to be Roman"
Caracalla, Silver Denarius * "Lady Liberty" * 196-217AD * "Romans are free to be Roman"

Obv: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG - Laureate bust right, draped
Rev: LIBERTAS AVG - Libertas standing left, holding pileus and rod-scepter.

Mint: Rome
Struck: 209 AD.

Size: ca. 18 mm.
Weight: 3.67 grams
Die axis: 0 degs.

RIC IVi, p. 235, 161
D. Sear II, p. 520 6817
Cohen 143; RSC 143
1 commentsTiathena
claudius_97.jpg
Claudius RIC I, 97Claudius 41 - 54
AE - As, 10.97g, 26mm
Rome 41
obv. TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG PM TRP IM[P]
bare head l.
rev. LIBERTAS AVGVSTA
Libertas standing frontal, head r., holding pileus
in r. hand, between S-C
RIC I, 97; C.47
about VF
From Curtis Clay: The obverse of Jochen's As shows the rare earliest
portrait of Claudius' reign, youthful and reminescent of his brother
Germanicus. I think Jochen's coin will have a rank high among the luckiest
first purchases ever made!

PILEUS, a felt cap, given to slaves who received their freedom. Therefore a attribute of Liberty
2 commentsJochen
Buckingham_7.jpg
Conder Token: Buckinghamshire, Aylesbury 7Obv: TO THE FRIENDS FOR THE ABOLITION OF SLAVERY, laureate bust of William III facing right within a circle.

Rev: AYLESBURY TOKEN 1796, radiated cap of Liberty on a pole, four banners crossed.

Edge: Milled

Note The significantly weak obverse and reverse strike is typical for this issue

Half Penny Conder Token

Dalton & Hamer: Buckinghamshire 7
Matt Inglima
Kent_13.jpg
Conder Token: Kent 13Obv: KENTISH LIBERTY PRESERVED BY VIRTUE & COURAGE, Kentish men meeting William the Conqueror, who is on horseback, 1067 below.

Rev: PROSPERITY TO THE WOODEN WALLS OF OLD ENGLAND, the stern of the ROYAL GEORGE, KENT HALFPENNY / 1795 / TDH.

Edge: PAYABLE AT THO’S HAYCRAFTS DEBTFORD

Half Penny Conder Token

Dalton & Hamer: Kent 13
Matt Inglima
Middlesex_1083.jpg
Conder Token: Thomas Spence, Middlesex 1083Obv: MAN OVER MAN HE MADE NOT LORD, Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, C. JAMES . F. in exergue.

Rev: PIGS MEAT PUBLISHED BY T. SPENCE LONDON, A pig trampling on a crown, crosier and staff; a radiate cap of liberty above.

Edge: Plain

Thomas Spence, Farthing Conder token

Dalton & Hamer: Middlesex 1083
Matt Inglima
Middlesex_1117~0.jpg
Conder Token: Thomas Spence, Middlesex 1117Obv: THOS. SPENCE | SIR THOS. MORE | THOS. PAINE | 1795, in the center in four line, ADVOCATES FOR THE RIGHTS OF MAN around.

Rev: PIGS MEAT PUBLISHED BY T. SPENCE LONDON, A pig trampling on a crown, crosier and staff; a radiate cap of liberty above.

Edge: Plain

Thomas Spence, Farthing Conder token

Dalton & Hamer: Middlesex 1117
Matt Inglima
Middlesex_730.jpg
Conder Token: Thomas Spence, Middlesex 730Obv: BRITISH LIBERTY DISPLAYED 1795, a sailor holding a club and seizing a landsman.

Rev: A FREE BORN ENGLISHMAN 1796, a man in chains with his hands bound behind his back and a pad lock on his mouth.

Edge: SPENCE X DEALER X IN X COINS X LONDON X

Thomas Spence, Halfpenny Conder token

Dalton & Hamer: Middlesex 730
Matt Inglima
Middlesex_760.JPG
Conder Token: Thomas Spence, Middlesex 760Obv: ENGLISH SLAVERY, a fat man seated at a table eating, JACOBS below.

Rev: FRENCH LIBERTY, a skinny man seated on the floor gnawing on a bone.

Note: The design of this token was copied from an anti-revolution cartoon by James Gillray, published on 21 December 1792.

Edge: Plain

Thomas Spence, Halfpenny Conder token

Dalton & Hamer: Middlesex 760
Matt Inglima
279 files on 4 page(s) 1

All coins are guaranteed for eternity
Forum Ancient Coins
PO BOX 1316
MOREHEAD CITY NC 28557


252-497-2724
customerservice@forumancientcoins.com
Facebook   Instagram   Pintrest   Twitter