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Sicily, Syracuse, Agathocles (317-289 BC), Silver Tetradrachm, struck c.310-305 BC.
Obv/ Head of nymph Arethusa facing left, her hair wreathed with grain, wearing a triple-pendant earring and a pearl necklace, three dolphins swimming around, NK below neck.
Rev/ ΣYPAKOΣIΩN (in exergue); charioteer, wearing a long chiton and holding a kentron (goad) in his right hand and the reins on his left, driving a fast quadriga left, triskeles above, AI monogram in exergue off flan.paul1888
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2nd - 1st Century BC, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Cantii, AE Potin, Minted between 100 and 30 BCObverse: No legend. Crude outline of head facing right; pellet within circle in centre.
Reverse: No legend. Crude lines representing a bull facing left, crescents above.
Flat Linear type, Class 1
Found, Thames Valley region, England
Diameter: 17mm | Weight: 1.9gms | Axis: 3h
BMC: 667-714 | SPINK: 63
The Cantii produced the first coins to be actually made in Britain.
These coins were cast in strips which were then cut into separate coins and as a result often retain characteristic cut edges from the runlets which joined them together.
THE CANTII (or Cantiaci)
The Cantii (after whom Kent and Canterbury are named) were the major tribal group in the South East region of England, bordered by the Atrebates, Regni and Catuvellauni.
This region was heavily influenced by continental cultures on the periphery of the early Roman world and this resulted in the Cantii producing the first coins actually made in Britain. These are known as “potins” and they were produced between the mid 2nd to the mid 1st century BC. The earliest versions are known as Kentish Primary, or Thurrock, types. Comparatively the later types, like those from the recently discovered Hillingdon Hoard, are of the “flat linear” type, which uses simplified and abstracted images. Similar coins from the late Iron Age have been found, but in much smaller quantities.
The word “potin” is of French origin and is used to describe these early coins which were cast in clay moulds from a copper alloy with a high tin content. They would have been shiny and silver-coloured when new, and though occasionally examples have turned up which retain this colouration, most coins by the time they get dug up have a characteristic black patina from tin oxidation. These were cast in strips which were then cut into separate coins and as a result often retain characteristic cut edges from the runlets which joined them together. The moulds themselves were made using “master” matrices of copper alloy which were cast with the design for one side of a coin in high relief and pressed into the clay. A rare example of a mould of this type was found a few miles west of the Surrey border in Hampshire.
The designs of the majority of potins found in England derive ultimately from coins produced in the Greek colonial Mediterranean city of Massalia (modern Marseilles) in southern Gaul in the late 4th century BC. These coins featured a head of Apollo on the obverse and a charging bull on the reverse. They were originally imported from the continent and later locally copied in the mid 2nd century BC, in the form of what are known as “Thurrock” types, which adhere closely to the original design. Later forms, known as “flat linear” types, greatly simplified this design into deep abstraction, ultimately reducing the head of Apollo to an outline and the bull to a trapezoidal arrangement of lines
We don’t know what these coins were called by the people who made them, or what they were worth in fiscal terms, but they are generally only found in south east England, which probably reflects the limits of the political and economic influence of the Cantii themselves. It isn't even clear what the role of these Iron Age coins actually was, though it is likely that they assisted in the maintenance of some kind of social power structure. Coins were not generally used as day to day currency by the people of Britain in the 1st and 2nd centuries BC, so apart from any monetary transactions, their range of uses probably included the storage of wealth, use as political tribute, and / or votive objects used as offerings to the gods.
CLICK ON MAP BELOW TO ENLARGE IT
 *Alex
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1st Century BC - 1st Century CE, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Trinovantes, AE Unit, Struck c.10 BC – 10 CE in Camulodunum(?) in Essex under DubnovellaunusObverse: Head facing right, hair(?) lines on head divided by clear centre parting.
Reverse: Horse prancing left; complex pellets and circles above and below.
Diameter: 13.5mm | Weight: 1.61gms | Axis: 3h
SPINK: -- | BMC -- | ABC 2413
VERY RARE
Very rare uninscribed bronze unit of Dubnovellaunus found in Essex. The type is designated as a “Dubnovellaunus Centre Parting” bronze unit in ABC (Ancient British Coins), and to date (January, 2023) it is unlisted in any other major reference works.
DUBNOVELLAUNUS
It is generally thought that Dubnovellaunus succeeded his father Addedomarus as king of the Trinovantes somewhere around 10-5 BC and ruled for several years before being supplanted by Cunobelinus of the Catuvellauni.
In the Res Gestae Divi Augusti, a British king called Dumnovellaunus appears, alongside Tincomarus of the Atrebates, as a supplicant to Augustus in around AD 7 and, given the chronology, it is indeed possible that Dubnovellaunus of the Trinovantes is the same person as the Dumnovellaunus who presented himself to Augustus. The spelling variation is due to a Celtic, rather than a Latin, interpretation of the ruler's name.
It is worth mentioning that the authors of ABC (Ancient British Coins) also think that Dubnovellaunus of the Trinovantes could possibly be the same individual as the Dumnovellaunus who ruled in Kent in the 30s - 20s BC, they suggest that he could have been a Cantian king who later gained control over the southern part of the Trinovantes and that therefore he might have ruled both territories north and south of the Thames estuary for a few years. It should be noted however, that Van Arsdell, an authority on the Celtic Coinage of Britain, emphatically disputes this.
TRINOVANTES
The Trinovantes were one of the Iron Age Celtic tribes of Pre-Roman Britain. Their territory was on the north side of the Thames estuary in the present day counties of Essex, Hertfordshire and Suffolk, and also included lands now located in Greater London. They were bordered to the north by the Iceni, and to the west by the Catuvellauni. Their capital was Camulodunum (modern Colchester).
Shortly before Julius Caesar's invasion of Britain in 55 and 54 BC, the Trinovantes were considered the most powerful tribe in Britain. At this time their capital was probably at Braughing (in modern-day Hertfordshire). In some copies of Caesar's Gallic War their king is referred to as Imanuentius, although no name is given in other copies which have come down to us. That said however, it seems that this king was overthrown by Cassivellaunus, king of the Catuvellauni, some time before Caesar's second expedition and that Imanuentius' son, Mandubracius, fled to the protection of Caesar in Gaul. During his second expedition Caesar defeated Cassivellaunus and restored Mandubracius to the kingship. Cassivellaunus agreed to pay tribute and also undertook not to attack him again.
The next identifiable king of the Trinovantes, known from numismatic evidence, was Addedomarus, who took power around 20 – 15 BCE, and moved the tribe's capital to Camulodunum. For a brief period, around 10 BCE, Tasciovanus of the Catuvellauni issued coins from Camulodunum, suggesting that he must have conquered the Trinovantes, but he was soon forced to withdraw, perhaps as a result of pressure from the Romans. Addedomarus was restored and Tasciovanus' later coins no longer bear the mark “REX”. Addedomarus was briefly succeeded by his son Dubnovellaunus, around 10 to 5 BCE, but a few years later the tribe was conquered by either Tasciovanus or his son Cunobelinus.
The Trinovantes do not appear in history again until their participation in Boudica's revolt against the Romans in 60 CE. After that though they seem to have embraced the Romanisation of Britain and their name was later given to one of the “civitates” of Roman Britain, whose chief town was Caesaromagus (modern Chelmsford in Essex).
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*Alex
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Claudius. AD 41-53
Æ As (26mm, 5.71 g, 4 h). Britain. Struck circa AD 43-64.
Bare head left
Minerva advancing right, brandishing spear and holding round shield; S C flanking
Sutherland grade IV
Found near Canterbury, KentArdatirion
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EGYPT, Memphis
PB Tessera
Uncertain figure standing facing, holding bust of Harpokrates wearing skent crown; MEMΦIC to right
Serapis enthroned left, holding scepter, with Cerberus at feet; to left, Demeter(?) standing right, holding scepter; to right, Tyche standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia
Milne -; Dattari (Savio) -; Köln 3563Ardatirion
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064 - Septimius Severus denarius - RIC -Obv:- IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG, Laureate head right
Rev:- TR P IIII IMP II COS II, Mars standing right, resting on spear and shield
Minted in Alexandria, A.D. 194
References:- BMCRE -, RIC -, RSC -. RIN (Rivista Italiana di Nvmismatica Vol. XCVI (1994/1995)
2.72g. 17.78mm. 0o
Additional information from Curtis Clay:-
"Die match to example in British Museum, found at the site of a Roman villa in Kent, GB, in 1952. The same obv. die also occurs with the types MONETA AVG and LEG III IT AVG TR P COS.
Bickford-Smith recorded three other specimens, of which I also have plaster casts: his own coll. (probably now in BM), Klosterneuburg, and U.S. private collection. On these the rev. legend apparently ends COS rather than COS II.
This type was clearly struck in 194, when Septimius was TR P II and IMP III or IIII, so TR P IIII IMP II in the rev. legend is an error, the origin of which is obvious: the type is a rote copy of the identical type and legend on denarii of Lucius Verus of 164, Cohen 228-9. The titles apply to Lucius in 164, not Septimius in 194!" maridvnvm
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1216 - 1272, Henry III, AR Penny, Struck 1248 - 1250 at London, England (Long Cross Issue)Obverse: HENRICVS REX : III. Crowned bust of Henry III facing within circle of pellets. Mintmark: Six pointed star.
Reverse: NICOLE ON LVND. Voided long cross dividing legend into quarters, trefoil in each quarter of inner circle. Moneyer: Nicole, cognate with the modern English name of Nicholas. The surname Nicole originates in the Netherlands where it was notable for its various branches, and associated status or influence. The modern given name Nicole is a French feminine derivative of the masculine given name Nicolas.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 1.3gms | Die Axis: 6h
SPINK: 1363
HENRY III OF ENGLAND
The First Barons' War (1215 - 1217) was a civil war in England in which a group of rebellious barons led by Robert Fitzwalter and supported by a French army under the future Louis VIII of France, waged war against King John of England. The war resulted from King John's refusal to accept and abide by the Magna Carta, which he had been forced to put his seal to on 15th June 1215, as well as from Louis' own ambitions regarding the English throne.
It was in the middle of this war that King John died leaving his son, the nine year old Henry III (who had been moved to safety at Corfe Castle in Dorset along with his mother, Queen Isabella) as his heir.
On his deathbed John appointed a council of thirteen executors to help Henry reclaim the kingdom, requesting that his son be placed into the guardianship of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke. The loyalists decided to crown Henry immediately to reinforce his claim to the throne. William knighted the boy, and Cardinal Guala Bicchieri, the papal legate to England, then oversaw his coronation at Gloucester Cathedral on 28th October 1216. In the absence of the archbishops of either Canterbury or York, Henry was anointed by the bishops of Worcester and Exeter, and crowned by Peter des Roches, bishop of Winchester. During the civil war the royal crown had been lost, so instead, the ceremony used a simple gold corolla belonging to Queen Isabella. In 1217, Henry's forces, led by William Marshal, finally defeated the rebels at the battles of Lincoln and Sandwich.
Henry's early rule was dominated first by Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent and Justiciar of England and Ireland, then by Peter des Roches, and they re-established royal authority after the war. In 1225 Henry promised to abide by the final and definitative version of the Magna Carta, freely authenticated by the great seal of Henry III himself, which protected the rights of the major barons and placed a limit on royal power. It is the clauses of this, the 1225 Magna Carta signed by Henry III, not the King John Magna Carta of 1215, which are on the Statute Books of the United Kingdom today.*Alex
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1950's Bus fare token. Lexington, Kentuckyancientone
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510. Valentinian IFlavius Valentinianus, known in English as Valentinian I, (321 - November 17, 375) was a Roman Emperor (364 - 375). He was born at Cibalis, in Pannonia, the son of a successful general, Gratian the Elder.
He had been an officer of the Praetorian guard under Julian and Jovian, and had risen high in the imperial service. Of robust frame and distinguished appearance, he possessed great courage and military capacity. After the death of Jovian, he was chosen emperor in his forty-third year by the officers of the army at Nicaea in Bithynia on February 26, 364, and shortly afterwards named his brother Valens colleague with him in the empire.
The two brothers, after passing through the chief cities of the neighbouring district, arranged the partition of the empire at Naissus (Nissa) in Upper Moesia. As Western Roman Emperor, Valentinian took Italia, Illyricum, Hispania, the Gauls, Britain and Africa, leaving to Eastern Roman Emperor Valens the eastern half of the Balkan peninsula, Greece, Aegyptus, Syria and Asia Minor as far as Persia. They were immediately confronted by the revolt of Procopius, a relative of the deceased Julian. Valens managed to defeat his army at Thyatria in Lydia in 366, and Procopius was executed shortly afterwards.
During the short reign of Valentinian there were wars in Africa, in Germany and in Britain, and Rome came into collision with barbarian peoples never of heard before, specifically the Burgundians, and the Saxons.
Valentinian's chief work was guarding the frontiers and establishing military positions. Milan was at first his headquarters for settling the affairs of northern Italy. The following year (365) Valentinian was at Paris, and then at Reims, to direct the operations of his generals against the Alamanni. These people, defeated at Scarpona (Charpeigne) and Catelauni (Châlons-en-Champagne) by Jovinus, were driven back to the German bank of the Rhine, and checked for a while by a chain of military posts and fortresses. At the close of 367, however, they suddenly crossed the Rhine, attacked Moguntiacum (Mainz) and plundered the city. Valentinian attacked them at Solicinium (Sulz am Neckar, in the Neckar valley, or Schwetzingen) with a large army, and defeated them with great slaughter. But his own losses were so considerable that Valentinian abandoned the idea of following up his success.
Later, in 374, Valentinian made peace with their king, Macrianus, who from that time remained a true friend of the Romans. The next three years he spent at Trier, which he chiefly made his headquarters, organizing the defence of the Rhine frontier, and personally superintending the construction of numerous forts.
During his reign the coasts of Gaul were harassed by the Saxon pirates, with whom the Picts and Scots of northern Britain joined hands, and ravaged the island from the Antonine Wall to the shores of Kent. In 368 Count Theodosius was sent to drive back the invaders; in this he was completely successful, and established a new British province, called Valentia in honour of the emperor.
In Africa, Firmus, raised the standard of revolt, being joined by the provincials, who had been rendered desperate by the cruelty and extortions of Comes Romanus, the military governor. The services of Theodosius were again requisitioned. He landed in Africa with a small band of veterans, and Firmus, to avoid being taken prisoner, committed suicide.
In 374 the Quadi, a Germanic tribe in what is now Moravia and Slovakia, resenting the erection of Roman forts to the north of the Danube in what they considered to be their own territory, and further exasperated by the treacherous murder of their king, Gabinius, crossed the river and laid waste the province of Pannonia. The emperor in April, 375 entered Illyricum with a powerful army. But during an audience to an embassy from the Quadi at Brigetio on the Danube (near Komárom, Hungary), Valentinian suffered a burst blood vessel in the skull while angrily yelling at the people gathered. This injury resulted in his death on November 17, 375.
His general administration seems to have been thoroughly honest and able, in some respects beneficent. If Valentinian was hard and exacting in the matter of taxes, he spent them in the defence and improvement of his dominions, not in idle show or luxury. Though himself a plain and almost illiterate soldier, Valentinian was a founder of schools. He also provided medical attendance for the poor of Rome, by appointing a physician for each of the fourteen districts of the city.
Valentinian was a Christian but permitted absolute religious freedom to all his subjects. Against all abuses, both civil and ecclesiastical, Valentinian steadily set his face, even against the increasing wealth and worldliness of the clergy. His chief flaw was his temper, which at times was frightful, and showed itself in its full fierceness in the punishment of persons accused of witchcraft, fortune-telling or magical practices.
Valentinian I; RIC IX, Siscia 15(a); C.37; second period: 24 Aug. 367-17 Nov. 375; common. obv. DN VALENTINI-ANVS PF AVG, bust cuir., drap., r., rev. SECVRITAS-REI PVBLICAE, Victory advancing l., holding wreath and trophy. l. field R above R with adnex, r. field F, ex. gamma SISC rev.Z dot (type xxxv) ecoli
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Abbasid Governors, Transoxiana: Hamza (ca. 770s-790) Cast AE Fals, Kharashket (Nastich p. 48, fig. 45)One of 12 known specimens from a find reportedly centered on Kanka / Kharashket near Tashkent in modern Uzbekistan. All of them are were crudely cast and hence attribution is based on known information. The only publication that mentions these coins is Nastich.
Obv: In margin, لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول; within center circle, الله (There is no God but Allah. Muhammad is the apostle of Allah)
Rev: In margin, بسم الله كما أمر به معبد الا أمير; within central circle, حمزة (In the name of Allah from that ordered by the amir Hamza); outer circle.
The full name of Hamza is not known with certainty but Nastich believes the most likely candidate is Hamza b. 'Amr who is cited on a fals of Samarqand dated AH 153. A less likely possibility is Hamza b. Malik (fl. c. AH 176-177).
Reference
Nastich, Vladimir N., A Survey of the Abbasid Copper Coinage of Transoxiana, Nastich, 2012
Nastich, Vladimir N., Early Islamic Copper Coinage of Transoxiana - A Generic Survey Focused on Newly Discovered Coin Types, 3rd Simone Assemani Symposium on Islamic Coins, 2012Quant.Geek
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Abbasid Governors, Transoxiana: Hamza (ca. 770s-790) Cast AE Fals, Kharashket (Nastich p. 48, fig. 45)One of 12 known specimens from a find reportedly centered on Kanka / Kharashket near Tashkent in modern Uzbekistan. All of them are were crudely cast and hence attribution is based on known information. The only publication that mentions these coins is Nastich.
Obv: In margin, لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول; within center circle, الله (There is no God but Allah. Muhammad is the apostle of Allah)
Rev: In margin, بسم الله كما أمر به معبد الا أمير; within central circle, حمزة (In the name of Allah from that ordered by the amir Hamza); outer circle.
The full name of Hamza is not known with certainty but Nastich believes the most likely candidate is Hamza b. 'Amr who is cited on a fals of Samarqand dated AH 153. A less likely possibility is Hamza b. Malik (fl. c. AH 176-177).
Reference
Nastich, Vladimir N., A Survey of the Abbasid Copper Coinage of Transoxiana, Nastich, 2012
Nastich, Vladimir N., Early Islamic Copper Coinage of Transoxiana - A Generic Survey Focused on Newly Discovered Coin Types, 3rd Simone Assemani Symposium on Islamic Coins, 2012Quant.Geek
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Anglo-Saxon: Anonymous, Silver Sceat, Series B. UK metal detecting find and recorded with PAS.Kent & North of the Thames 700-710 A.D. 1.20g - 11.3mm, Axis 9h.
Obv: oo[ ]AV (A unbarred) - Diademed bust right within beaded serpent circle.
Rev: [ ]VAVA (A unbarred) - Bird on cross with additional cross pattée upper right; annulet on either side of lower cross.
Ref: BII Type 27b; North 127; Spink 777A.
Provenance: Chris Scarlioli Collection. Recorded with PAS: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/585820Christian Scarlioli
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Anonymous commemorative scripulum, c 530 ADAnonymous
AR scripulum, third-siliqua
Constantinople, c. 530 AD
Helmeted and draped bust of Constantinopolis right
Large K within beaded border
Bendall Type 8; RIC VII -; J.P.C. Kent, "Urbs Roma and Constantinopolis Medallions at the mint of Rome," Essays Sutherland, p. 112, pl. 13, 28; RSC -; Vagi 3051
Ex CNGArdatirion
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Aphrodite (standing figure of)LYDIA. Tralles. Tranquillina. Æ 30. A.D. 241-244. Obv: ΦOY.CAB.T-PANKYΛΛINA. Draped bust right; countermark on lower front part of bust Rev: (…)ΩNÎ (…)I.KΛ.ΦIΛIÎ Î ON.KENTA(…). Inscription around oak-wreath; inside wreath TPAΛΛIA-Î YθIA on either side of tripod, which is encircled by serpent . Ref: BMC -. Axis: 165°. Weight: 12.40 g. Note: Unpublished? CM: Cult statue of Aphrodite right, in oval punch, 6 x 8 mm. Howgego 228 (16 pcs). Note: The countermark of this coin was applied at Aphrodisias in Caria, where only foreign coins were countermarked to make them valid in that city. Collection Automan. Automan
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Archbishop of Canterbury, CeolnothStruck c.865-868AD Kent, Canterbury mint. AR Penny 1.20g Ceolnoth Group III. Floriated Cross type. Obv tonsured bust facing, breaking inner circle 'ARCHIEP- CEOLNOD'; Rev 'BIARNRED MONETA' (Moneyer Beornraed) around, in inner circle a floriated cross. S.895? (Group III) N.247.
There are 58 recorded coins of Ceolnoth at the SCBI/EMC but only 3 coins of this moneyer for him. He also struck 6 more recorded coins for Alfred, Edward the Elder and some Danish imitative Alfred coins from East Anglia. This actual type is not listed in the corpus. However, a fragment at the British Museum, see BNJ28 CE Blunt 'A new coin of Ceolnoth' and JJ North plate III/9, is likely the same. Infact, I believe these coins are of the same dies and moneyer. Blunt & North describe 'LD' in the fragmented moneyer legend though it is likely 'ED' with the top half of the 'E' missing at the break. The Floriated Cross design is also found on coins of Aethelberht for the moneyers Dudda and Oshere but only 4 on database (N.621). In superb condition, a single find from the Driffield area in Yorkshire. This coin is potentially the only complete specimum and should be considered a great rarity. It is now recorded in the 2011 'The Coinage of Southern England' by Rory Naismith, Volume 1 Plate 65 C218.2b.
Gareth Williams at the British Museum kindly commented:
'I agree with your reading of the coin, and think that it is probably from the same dies as our fragment 1947, 14-4, 6, as you suggest, although it's difficult to be absolutely certain - the angle of the D on the reverse in particular looks slightly different, but that may just be the lighting on the photograph'
Rory Naismith from the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge is studying the period for his PhD dissertation. He kindly commented as below:
'The Ceolnoth in particular is quite spectacular: not only is it, as you say, the only known whole floreate cross penny of Ceolnoth, but it is also a stunning coin of considerable historical importance. There is some reason to believe that it was found as part of a small hoard comprising at least three floreate cross pennies, the other two both being of Aethelberht by the moneyer Dudda. One is unfortunately only a small fragment, but the other is beautifully preserved. As the only known hoard of floreate cross coins, this is understandably a find of some significance, although it is odd to find it deposited so far north. A trawl through the BM and as many other catalogues and find records as I could find turned up only a total of nineteen floreate cross pennies, including yours, struck by seven moneyers. It was probably a lot larger than this meagre record seems to suggest: were it not for the large Dorking hoard of 1817 the preceding Inscribed Cross phase would be almost as little-known, and many moneyers who produced this type reappeared in the Lunettes coinage, so they may well have continued over the intervening period as well'.
The initial coinage of Group III has as the reverse motif a cross crosslet with pellets in the angles [coin 1, illustrated above]. Those of Ceolnoth are of good style and feature a neater tonsured bust of the archbishop possibly wearing his pallium. Those of Aethelwulf for the same period, Phase II at Canterbury, tend to have a rather crude right facing bust with thick lettering in the legend - although a few are of better style. Not all of Aethelwulf's coins of this type have pellets in the angles of the cross crosslet. This type was struck until c.852, when it was replaced by a coinage that was to become standard at Canterbury throughout the remainder of Aethelwulf's reign and the majority of the reign of his son Aethelberht. The Inscribed Cross coinage, struck only by Ceolnoth and the two aforementioned kings, have an identical reverse with a large voided cross that contains the moneyers name within and in the angles. Comparitively large numbers of these coins survive and they have been the subject of much study with regard to dating, reduced silver content and so on. Toward the end of his reign, c.854, Aethelberht minted a new coinage mirrored by Ceolnoth, the extremely rare Floriate Cross issue. These coins as would be expected have a large floriated cross on the reverse and had a very limited striking - perhaps as little as a year. Less than ten examples survive today for the king and archbishop. Illustrated below is the only known complete example of the Floriate Cross type of archbishop Ceolnoth.
AlexB
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Bithynia, Nikomedeia, Plautilla, Rec.Gen. 253 var.Plautilla, AD 202-211, wife of Caracalla
AE 20, 3.17g, 19.94mm, 225°
obv. FOV PLAV - TILLA CEBA / CTH.
Bust, draped, r.
rev. NEIKOMHDEW - N / DIC NEWKO / RWN
Female ichthyokentaur, diademed, nude, with forefeet of horse and fishtail, ring l. on waves, holding auloi in l. arm and dolphin (?)
in extended r. hand
Rec.Gen. 253 var. (has only CEBA)
extremely rare, good F, nearly black patina (not green!)
For more information please look at the thread 'Coins of mythological interest'
Jochen
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Bithynia, Prusias I, SNG Copenhagen 639 #1Kingdom of Bithynia, Prusias I., 183-149 BC
AE 20, 6.38g
obv. (anepigraphic)
Head of Dionysos, with ivy-wreath, r.
rev. Kentaur Cheiron, stg. r., holding Lyra with both hands, waving chlamys behind him
Monogram in lower r. field
SNG Copenhagen 639; BMC 9; SG 7266
about VF
For more information look at the thread 'Mythological interesting coins'
Jochen
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Bithynia, Prusias I, SNG Copenhagen 639 #2Kingdom of Bithynia, Prusias I., 183-149 BC
AE 20, 5.00g
obv. (anepigraphic)
Head of Dionysos, with ivy-wreath, r.
rev. Kentaur Cheiron, stg. r., holding Lyra with both hands, waving chlamys behind him
Monogram in lower r. field
SNG Copenhagen 639; BMC 9; SG 7266
about VF
For more information look at the thread 'Mythological interesting coins'
Jochen
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Bowl #1Cypriot
Cypro-Geometric III, Early Iron Age
c. 850 – 700 BC
15.8 cm (w) x 38 mm (h)
(6 3/16” x 1 1/2”)
Description:
A shallow pottery bowl with a single handle, decorated with black painted bands over a red slip surface. Repaired from three pieces, some accretions and minor losses. Underside of base inscribed with an export license reference number from the Cyprus Museum in Nicosia.
Ex-private collection, Kent, UK. Acquired 1960’s – 1980’s.Kamnaskires
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Canterbury CathedralJames Robertson’s Canterbury (Kent) copper Conder halfpenny token dated 1794. Obverse: Very detailed view of Canterbury Cathedral with legend: “UNITY PEACE AND CONCORD : GOODWILL TO ALL MEN”, “CANTERBURY TOKEN”. Reverse: Shield of Arms of the City of Canterbury with legend: “PROTECTION TO OUR KING AND COUNTRY LAWS AND TRADE 1794”. Edge inscription: “PAYABLE AT JAMES ROBERTSONS ++++”. James Robertson was a linen draper with a business in Canterbury.
D&H Kent No: 7. Diameter 28.6mm. EF-. Ancient Aussie
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Celtic Britain: Cantiaci Tribe, AE Potin, Thurrock Type. Kent, Thurrock 1st Century B.C. 3.02g - 17.1mm, Axis 12h.
Obv: Laureate head of Apollo left.
Rev: Bull butting right.
Ref: ABC 43; Van Arsdell 1402-42; BMC 660-666; SCBC 62.
Provenance: Chris Scarlioli Collection.Christian Scarlioli
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Celtic, Britain. Cantii. Uninscribed. Class I Flat Linear potin. Allen A.Celtic, Britain. Cantii. Uninscribed, ca. 100 BC. Class I Flat Linear cast potin, 16.14mm x 19.89mm; 2.31 g, 3h.
Obverse: Celticized head of Apollo left; design scribed in mold with stylus.
Reverse: Celticized bull charging right; same comment.
References: Allen A; VA 104
Ex Leslie Ross, 4-19-2011. Found near Rochester, in Kent, England, in March or April of 2011.Mark Fox
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Celtic, Unknown tribe of southern Gaul(?), imitating Massalian drachm. Potentially unrecorded.Celtic, Unknown tribe of southern Gaul(?). Circa 2nd century BC. AR Drachm, 16mm (4.42 g.), 6h. Imitating Massalia.
Obverse: Wreathed head of nymph right; her pendant earring having possibly been reinterpreted as hair(!).
Reverse: ΜΑΣΣΑ, lion walking right; diamond-shaped symbol below.
References: Cf. Triton IX, lot 666, for likely prototype.
Comments: Found in Whitfield, in Kent, England, probably in early or mid January of 2011. A very heavy, early imitation that is superior to the average work of the Insubres and/or Salluvi. Cut in antiquity for possible recycling. The bright silvery interior indicates the coin is silver through and through.
Ex solidv-x2, 1-29-2011.Mark Fox
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Cilicia, Kelenderis, (3rd.century B.C.), SNG Levante 029, AR-Obol, -/KE//--, Kentaur/Goat(?) kneeling left,Cilicia, Kelenderis, (3rd.century B.C.), SNG Levante 029, AR-Obol, -/KE//--, Kentaur/Goat(?) kneeling left,
avers: Horse prancing right within beaded circle.
reverse: KE, Kentaur/Goat(?) kneeling left, head right.
exergue: -/KE//--, diameter: 9,0mm, weight: 0,76g, axes: 9h,
mint: Cilicia, Kelenderis, date: 3rd.century B.C., ref: SNG Levante 029, SNG France 116-7,
Q-001quadrans
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CILICIA. Celenderis. Ca. 425-350 BC. AR staterCILICIA. Celenderis. Ca. 425-350 BC. AR stater (20mm, 10.84 gm, 3h). NGC XF 4/5 - 4/5. Persic standard, ca. 425-400 BC. Youthful nude male rider, reins in right hand, kentron in left, dismounting from horse prancing left; A below / KEΛ, goat with long whiskers kneeling left, head right; two long stalks above, one terminating in flower, the other in large ivy leaf, all in incuse circle. SNG France 2, 46.Mark R1
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CILICIA. Celenderis. Ca. 425-350 BC. AR stater (20mm, 10.69 gm, 9h)CILICIA. Celenderis. Ca. 425-350 BC. AR stater (20mm, 10.69 gm, 9h). VF. Persic standard, ca. 425-400 BC. Youthful nude male rider, holding reins in right hand and kentron in left, dismounting from horse prancing to left; A below / KEΛ, goat with long whiskers kneeling left, head right; two long stalks above, one terminating in flower, the other in large ivy leaf, all in incuse circle. BMC -. SNG France 2, 46. Mark R1
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Civil War Cannon BallWeight: Approx. 3 lbs.
Excavated from the Perryville, Kentucky Battlefield - Fought Oct. 8th, 1862.
Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg's autumn 1862 invasion of Kentucky had reached the outskirts of Louisville and Cincinnati, but he was forced to retreat and regroup. On October 7, the Federal army of Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell, numbering nearly 55,000, converged on the small crossroads town of Perryville, Kentucky, in three columns.
Union forces first skirmished with Rebel cavalry on the Springfield Pike before the fighting became more general, on Peters Hill, as the grayclad infantry arrived. The next day, at dawn, fighting began again around Peters Hill as a Union division advanced up the pike, halting just before the Confederate line. The fighting then stopped for a time. After noon, a Confederate division struck the Union left flank and forced it to fall back.
When more Confederate divisions joined the fray, the Union line made a stubborn stand, counter attacked, but finally fell back with some troops routed. Buell did not know of the happenings on the field, or he would have sent forward some reserves. Even so, the Union troops on the left flank, reinforced by two brigades, stabilized their line, and the Rebel attack sputtered to a halt.
Later, a Rebel brigade assaulted the Union division on the Springfield Pike but was repulsed and fell back into Perryville. The Yankees pursued, and skirmishing occurred in the streets in the evening before dark. Union reinforcements were threatening the Rebel left flank by now. Bragg, short of men and supplies, withdrew during the night, and, after pausing at Harrodsburg, continued the Confederate retrograde by way of Cumberland Gap into East Tennessee. The Confederate offensive was over, and the Union controlled Kentucky.
Result(s): Union strategic victory
Location: Boyle County
Campaign: Confederate Heartland Offensive (1862)
Date(s): October 8, 1862
Principal Commanders: Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell [US]; Gen. Braxton Bragg [CS]
Forces Engaged: Army of the Ohio [US]; Army of the Mississippi [CS]
Estimated Casualties: 7,407 total (US 4,211; CS 3,196)Noah
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Conder Token: Kent 13Obv: KENTISH LIBERTY PRESERVED BY VIRTUE & COURAGE, Kentish men meeting William the Conqueror, who is on horseback, 1067 below.
Rev: PROSPERITY TO THE WOODEN WALLS OF OLD ENGLAND, the stern of the ROYAL GEORGE, KENT HALFPENNY / 1795 / TDH.
Edge: PAYABLE AT THO’S HAYCRAFTS DEBTFORD
Half Penny Conder Token
Dalton & Hamer: Kent 13Matt Inglima
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Constantine I Æ follis, Trier mint. RIC 873.Constantine I (AD 307/310–337). Æ follis, 23mm, 4.58 g., 6h. Treveri (Trier) mint, 1st officina. Struck AD 310–313.
Obverse: CONSTANTINVS PF AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: SOLI INVIC–TO COMITI, Sol standing and facing with head left and right palm raised; wearing chlamys draped over upper chest and left shoulder and holding globe in left hand; T–F//PTR.
References: RIC VI Trier 873 (C2)
Ex Martyn Bodkin, 3-22-2013. Reportedly found 30 years ago, possibly at Aylesford, in Kent, England.
Mark Fox
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Constantius II- VictoriaConstantius II, 22 May 337 - 3 November 361 A.D.
Obverse:
Rosette-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right
CONSTANTI - VS PF AVG
CONSTANTI – VS: Constantius
PF: Pius Felix
AVG: Augustus, emperor
Reverse:
VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN
'The victories of our lords the emperors'
VICTORIAE: Victories
DD: Dominus Noster
AVGGQ: emperors
NN: Nost—Nostrorvm
Note - Doubled letters used as plurals, e.g. one ruler is AUG and two agusti AUGG, one Caesar is CAES and two is CAESS, or D N vs D D N N where N N is read as "our".
Two victories facing one another, each holding a wreath and palm frond, dot in center.
Domination: Bronze AE3/4, size 15 mm,
Mint: SMTS Δ = Thessalonica, Δ = Delta is fourth Oficina in ex. Dated 347-348; rarity C2.
RIC VIII, Thessalonica 99; LRBC. 859
Ex Aiello Collection. The center dot is a remnant from using a compass for centering during the die engraving process. Center dots such as this are not considered part of the design and are not included in RIC descriptions.
Comments:
RIC 100 is not possible, for that would be CONSTANS - PF AVG. And for the dot as mint symbol there is no information in RIC. I think it is only a centration dimple.
On Dane's spreadsheet she indicates a dot in the center for some issues and other issues have double dots. For example RIC IX, 57 does indicate the dots and double dots.
Here is what Hill and Kent, in Late Roman Bronze Coinage has to say about the dot between the two Victories:
The central dot which is sometimes regarded as a distinguishing sign of a separate mint-mark seems to be merely operational, such as those which are frequently seen in this and the Gloria (two standards) types.
Peter Wissing
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Crawford 533/2, ROMAN IMPERATORIAL, Marc Antony, AR DenariusRome, The Imperators.
Marcus Antonius. 43 BCE.
AR Denarius (4.07g; 18mm).
Military mint in Athens, Summer 38 BCE.
Obverse: M ANTONIVS M F M N AVGVR IMP TER; Antony in the priestly robes of an augur, standing right and holding lituus.
Reverse: III VIR R P C COS DESIG ITER ET TERT; Radiate head of Sol facing right.
References: Crawford 533/2; HCRI 267; Sydenham 1199; BMCRR (East) 141; Antonia 80.
Provenance: Ex Kentfield Collection [Heritage Auction 3067 (9 Jun 2018) Lot 33340]; Valerio Traverso Collection [Michele Baranowsky Auction (25 Feb 1931), Lot 1274].
In 50 BCE, Antony was appointed to the College of Augurs, an important group whose job was divining the will of the gods by interpreting auspices (birds and such) and providing advice based on these divinations. Antony was particularly proud of this appointment and referred to it frequently on his coinage, perhaps as a means of highlighting his traditional republican sensibilities. On this coin, he is depicted in full augur regalia. Sol on the reverse is a reference to The East, which Antony controlled per the renewal of the Second Triumvirate several months earlier. The inscriptions reference his augurship, second imperatorial acclamation, and designated second and third consulships. The coin was likely struck in Athens where Antony and Octavia were living after their marriage.
Carausius
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E. Jewelry, "Edge Altered": Syracuse Tetradrachm, c. 450 BCEThis coin also in my "Greek Coins" Album, w/ notes on its unpublished (unique?) die pair: https://www.forumancientcoins.com/gallery/displayimage.php?pid=180304
Greek (Classical). Sicily, Syracuse, AR Tetradrachm (16.19g, 28mm, 12h), Second Democracy (466-405 BCE), c. 450 – 440.
Obv: Charioteer, wearing long chiton, holding kentron and reins, driving slow quadriga right; above, Nike flying right, crowning with wreath a horse to outside left, rearing up to receive it; in exergue, Pistrix (Sea serpent or ketos) right; all within pearl border, except the charioteer, whose head breaks the dotted circle.
Rev: ΣVRAKOΣ-IO-N. Head of Arethusa facing right, wavy hair rolled up in back under a thin band (or diadem), wearing beaded necklace with a jewel, and loop-and-pendant earrings; four dolphins around, facing clockwise.
Ref: Böhringer series XV, unlisted die pair (V274/R378). Only known example to my knowledge, in trade or published. Cf. SNG ANS 177; du Chastel 28-29 type; HGC 2, 1311; BMC 85; SNG München 1018-9; McClean 2663.
Prov: Ex Goldberg 84 (27 Jan 2015), Lot 3010 [LINK]; NGC #3763070-001 (XF; Strike: 4/5, Surface: 2/5, Edge altered), encapsulated by 2014 [LINK].
Notes: The NGC tag indicates "edge altered." Although the reason for alteration is not suggested, jewelry seems most likely. Syracuse tetradrachm flans from this period rarely approximate a perfect circle, so this coin's edges were likely shaved to fit a circular bezel. I see no tool marks on the edges or periphery, so I'm not sure whether there was also some smoothing. Despite being exceptionally broad, the weight is 0.5-1.0g too light (it should weigh ~16.7 - 17.4g), suggesting metal was removed. (Of course, I'd really like to be able to double-check NGC's weight and make sure a digit isn't in error!)
Assuming the toning is natural, I'd guess the housing was from the 19th century, but that's just speculation until I find a prior provenance (a long shot, since Boehringer didn't find it) or get a technical opinion based on how the coin was modified.Curtis JJ
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Eastern Celts: Lower Danube, Billon Tetradrachm, Kapostal Type.Hungary, Dacia 2nd-1st Century B.C. 9.06g - 22.4mm, Axis 11h.
Obv: Stylized laureate head of Zeus right.
Rev: Stylised rider wearing crested helmet, on horseback to left, ornament (infinity symbol) below.
Ref: Göbl, OTA pl. 39, 484/6; cf. Kent/Mays, BMC I pl. 6, 85 var.; Lanz 778.
Rated Rare.
Provenance: Ex Derek Glover. Chris Scarlioli Collection.Christian Scarlioli
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Eastern Sogdiana, Ikhshids of Samarqand: Imitation of Gurak (710-738) AE Cash (Smirnova-400)There coins are classified differently between Smirnova and Akhunbabaev. Smirnova indicates that these are imitation coins of Gurak and hence read the inscription as "wr`kk MLK". However, Akhunbabaev attributed these coins to Divashtish, ruler of Penjikent. In this case, the inscription is read as "prykk MLK" which indicates Afrig Ikhshid. The tamgha is the same as Tukaspadak's and Tarkhun's and differing from the tamgha of Gurak.Quant.Geek
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EB0177 Persephone / PlowKentoripai, SICILY, AE 17 (hexas), 344-336 BC.
Obverse: Draped bust of Persephone right, grain ear in hair; stalk of grain behind.
Reverse: KENTOΡIΠINΩN, Plow with a small bird standing on the share; two dots.
References: SG 1084; Calciati 7; BMC 2.15.
Diameter: 17.5mm, Weight: 4.435g.EB
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Egypt, Alexandria, Hadrian, Dattari 7901Hadrian, AD 117-138
AE33, drachm, 22.10g
Alexandria, AD 133/134 (year 18)
obv. AVT KAIC TRAIAN - ADRIANOC CEB
Bust, draped and cuirassed, laureate, r.
rev. Agathodaimon, bearded, erected r., and Uraeus-Snake, erected l., confronted;
Agathodaimon, representing Osiris, wearing shkent (double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt) and
holding kerykeion with his tail; Uraeus-Snake, representing Isis, wearing crown of Isis (sundisk
between horns) and holding sistrum.
across field L IH (year 18)
Ref.: Dattari 7901
Very rare, VF
Thanks to Salem!
For more information please look at the thread 'Coins of mythological interest'.
Jochen
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Egypt, Alexandria, Hadrian, Milne 984Hadrian, AD 117-138
AE 22 (tetradrachm), 11.9g
Alexandria, AD 120/1 (year 5)
obv. AVT KAI TRAI - ADRIANOC [CEB]
Bust, draped on l. shoulder?, laureate, r.
rev. Agathodaemon snake, wearing shkent, erected r., a coil behind head, holding unwinged kerykeion l.
in l. and r. field [L] - E (year 5)
Milne 984; Dattari 1546 var; Geissen 805 var. (have winged kerykeion and grain-ears too)
about VF
Jochen
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England, County of Kent, Dover: Roman LighthouseA visit to Dover on 20 March 2016, the Roman Lighthouse still stands within Dover Castle, which is still an important port of Britain by the English Channel. The upper 1/3 is a mix of Medieval (when it was used as a Bell Tower) and 19th century restoration (when the Church of Saint Mary, next to it, was also restored). The Lighthouse stands on the "eastern heights". There was another on the "western heights", they both guarded the entrance into the Roman harbour of Dubris (Dover) which was also an important base for the "Classis Britannica".Constantine IV
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German Notgeld: Frankenthal, PfalzCity: Frankenthal
State: Pfalz
Denomination: 10 Pfennig
Obverse: Fürs Vaterland, a woman carrying cannon shell inside a munitions plant.
Reverse: Stadt Frankenthal + Kriegsgeld 1918 +
Date: 1918
Grade: VF
Catalog #:
Matt Inglima
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German Notgeld: Frankenthal, PfalzCity: Frankenthal
State: Pfalz
Denomination: 10 Pfennig
Obverse: No legend, a foundry worker pouring metal into a mold; factories in the background.
Reverse: Stadt Frankenthal + Kriegsgeld 1918 +
Date: 1918
Grade: VF
Catalog #:
Matt Inglima
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GREEK, Macedonian Kingdom, Philip II, 359 - 336 B.C., Gold staterSH68354. Gold stater, Le Rider p. 146 & pl. 58. 157 (D42/R112), SNG ANS 172 ff., SNG Cop 529, SNG Alpha Bank -, EF, perfect centering, weight 8.602 g, maximum diameter 18.0 mm, die axis 0o, Pella mint, posthumous, 323 - 317 B.C.; obverse laureate head of Apollo right; reverse ΦIΛIΠΠOY (in exergue), charioteer driving biga right, kentron in right, reins in left, kantharos below; ex Gorny & Mosch auction 215, lot 758Joe Sermarini
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GREEK, Macedonian Kingdom, Philip III Arrhidaeus and Alexander IV, 323 - 317 B.C., Gold staterSH50028. Gold stater, Thompson Philip 13; SNG ANS 318, NGC Choice Uncirculated, weight 8.58 g, Teos (near Sigacik, Turkey) mint, c. 323 - 316 B.C.; obverse laureate head of Apollo right; reverse charioteer driving biga right, holding kentron in right hand, reins in left, star and filleted branch below horses, ΦIΛIΠΠOY and spear head in exergue; certified (slabbed) by NGC Ch AU, Strike 4/5, Surface 3/5Joe Sermarini
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GREEK, Sicily, Syracuse, Deinomenid Tyranny, Time of Hieron, c. 478 - 467 B.C.SH86274. Silver tetradrachm, Boehringer 338 (V166/R236); Randazzo 507 - 509 (same dies); SNG ANS -, gVF, fantastic style, toned, centered on a tight flan, small areas struck a little flat, marks, pre-strike flan casting sprues remaining (as usual for the type), weight 16.971 g, maximum diameter 29.0 mm, die axis 0o, Syracuse mint, c. 478 - 467 B.C.; obverse slow quadriga driven right by male charioteer, kentron in right hand, reigns in left hand, Nike above flying right crowning horses; reverse ΣVRA-KOS-I-ON (Latin R upside down, N reversed), Artemis-Arethusa right, archaic eye, hair slightly waved in front turned up in a krobylos under a diadem of beads, wearing earring and necklace, surrounded by four dolphins swimming clockwise; ex Roma Numismatics, auction 6 (29 Sep 2013), lot 441; ex Comery CollectionJoe Sermarini
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GREEK, Sicily, Syracuse, Second Democracy, 466 - 405 B.C.SH85694. Silver tetradrachm, Boehringer Series XXII, 672 (V338/R459); SNG ANS 222 (same dies); BMC Sicily, p. 162, 123 (same); Jameson 778 (same); Pozzi 586 (same); HGC 2 1320, VF, fine classical style, obverse die wear, bumps and scratches, somewhat ragged tight flan, weight 16.769 g, maximum diameter 26.7 mm, die axis 90o, Syracuse mint, c. 430 - 420 B.C.; obverse slow quadriga driven right by male charioteer holding kentron and reins, Nike above flying right crowning horses; reverse ΣYPAKOΣION, head of Arethusa right, earring, necklace, hair bound with taenia and wound four times around; four dolphins swimming aroundJoe Sermarini
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GREEK, SICILY, Syracuse. Deinomenid Tyranny. 485-466 BC. AR Tetradrachm, struck ca. 480-475 BC.Boehringer, Die Münzen von Syrakus, 1929 and reprint 1974, Plate 7, # 156
SICILY, Syracuse. Deinomenid Tyranny. 485-466 BC. AR Tetradrachm, struck ca. 480-475 BC.
16.93 g, 24 mm, 12 h, test cut.
Obverse: Charioteer driving slow quadriga right, holding kentron and reins; above, Nike flying right, crowning horses.
Reverse: ΣVRAK—ΟΣΙ—O—N, Head of Arethusa right, wearing pearl diadem, surrounded by four dolphins swimming clockwise.
Reference: Boehringer # 156 (V70/R108) (this coin), Prinz Waldeck # 488 (this coin), SNG ANS # 44
Pedigree:
- Ex-Prince (Fürst) Waldeck of Arolsen collection # 488.
- Berlin Coin Cabinet between ca. 1921 - 1931 (plaster casts were made).
- Boehringer plate coin # 156 ("Die Münzen von Syrakus", 1929).
- Ex-Münzhandel Basel, Vente publique N° 4, 1st of October, 1935, Lot # 488.
- Ex-Heinz Rühmann Collection (famous German movie actor).
- Ex-Gerhand Hirsch Nachfolger, Auction 332, 20th of September, 2017, Lot # 2069.
- Ex-Stock; Dealer Hamborg, Bernd.
- The Asena Collection (Burak Cebeci), purchased at Dortmund Coin Fair, 01.09.2019.
- Illustrated on Wildwinds as Boehringer 156 (http://wildwinds.com/coins/greece/sicily/syracuse/deinomenid/t.html)Istinpolin
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Hadrian DenariusOBV; HADRIAN AVGVSTVS
REV; IVSTITIA AVG.P.P around COS III. in ex
justitia seated left on throne, holding patera and scetre.
R.I.C 215......R.S.C 894c
Found whilst metal detecting in Kent.
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Hiketas; AE 21, Kore right/ Nike driving biga rightSYRACUSE. Hiketas 287-278 B.C. 9,3g. 21mm. Obs: Head of Kore right, wearing grain ear wreath. Rev: Charioteer, holding kentron in extended right hand, reins in left, driving fast biga right. Sear GCV II 1210v. Podiceps
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Honorius (RIC X 1361)Honorius (384-423), Roman Emperor (393-395) and Western Roman emperor (395-423). Æ (1.63 g, 13 mm), minted in Lugdunum (Lyon) 411-423. Obverse: (DN H)ONORI-VS PF AVG. Reverse: GLORIA R-OVMAVM, emperor standing facing, head to right, holding standard and resting left hand on shield, LV(G) in exergue. Reverse legend GLORIA R-OMANORVM invariably garbled according to RIC X. RIC X 1361 (R4), LRBC 399.
Last Roman issue from Lugdunum. Bastien (1987) has suggested a date between the usurpations of Constantine III and Jovinus, while Kent (RIC X) suggests that the type is best placed in Honorius's later years when southern Gaul had been reorganized and was enjoying a temporary respite from invasions.
Ex Divus Numismatik 2010Jan
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James Kent, 1968 NYU Hall of Fame MedalObv: Bust of Kent facing three-quarters to left, no inscription.
Rev:, JAMES KENT 1763 – 1847, COMMENTARIES ON AMERICAN LAW, one of the four volumes of Kent’s commentaries balancing Law and Equity, detailing maritime and international law, and the law of the land. THE HALL OF FAME FOR GREAT AMERICANS AT NEW YORK UNIVERSITY ©1968.
Category: Law
Year Elected: 1900
Medal Issued: 1968
Sculptor: Eleanor Platt
Mint: Medallic Art Company
Details: Bronze, 44 mm, 0°
Matt Inglima
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Julian II, The Apostate (Caesar, 355-360 A.D.; Augustus, 360-363 A.D.) (Flavius Claudius Julianus)RIC VIII Arles 318 var.
AE1 (27 mm), Arles mint, third officina, struck 362 A.D.
Obv: D(ominus) N(oster) FL(avius) CL(audius) IVLI-ANVS P(ius) F(elix) AVG(ustus), bearded, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: SECVRITAS REIPVB, Bull standing right, two stars above, to right eagle standing right and holding wreath in beak, TCONST in exergue.
RIC rarity R
The bull has variously been referred to as a sacrificial bull, the Mithraic bull, the Apis bull, and a zodiacal representation of Julian. Most recently, it has been referred to as a solar symbol, representing Julian’s devotion to the god Sol/Helios, the message being “by his appointment of Julian as emperor in particular . . . Sol guarantees the security of his herds, the state.” Shaun Tougher. “Julian’s bull coinage: Kent revisited.” The Classical Quarterly (New Series 2004), 54, pp 327-330 at 327, quoting D. Woods. “Julian, Gallienus, and the Solar Bull.” American Journal of Numismatics, 12 (2000), 157-169, at 168 n.1.
The coin was issued in all mints except for Trier, Rome and Alexandria. The eagle only appears on the coins struck at Arelatum/Constantina. It typically is depicted standing on a wreath. This is a variant in which the eagle does not stand on a wreath. Cf., CNG Electronic Auction 74, Lot 96. Stkp
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Katania AR Tetradrachm.Head of Apollo facing slightly left, in laurel wreath; HRAKLEIDAS downward in right field / KATANAIWN, charioteer driving fast quadriga left, holding kentron in right hand, reins in both; above, Nike flying right, placing open wreath on charioteer's head; in exergue, fish left. Basel 337, BMC 32.
Antonivs Protti
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Kent, Ecgbert II. Penny of Canterbury.Anglo-Saxon. Kent, Ecgbert II. 765-780. AR Penny (1.17 gm, 18.1mm, 12h) of Caentwarabyrig (Canterbury) Struck c. 776-784. Central ℞ monogram with 🞧EGCBERHT around. / ⁝VDD⁝ in panel, floral cross above and below. Udd, moneyer. gVF. Wolfhead Gallery, 2017. Ex-Triton XX #1570, CNG 94 #1915 9/18/2013. Ext. rare. Found Feb. 2013 near Oundle, Northamptonshire. EMC 2013.0114 (this coin); Ex Dr. Andrew Wayne coll. Spink SCBC 874 (50th ed., this coin); Chick 87; North 200; SCBI 1 (Fitzwilliam) 428.Anaximander
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KINGS of MACEDON. Philip III Arrhidaios. 323-317 BC. AV StaterKINGS of MACEDON. Philip III Arrhidaios. 323-317 BC. AV Stater
(18mm, 8.61 g, 12h)
Obv: Laureate head of Apollo right
Rev: Charioteer, holding kentron and reins, driving biga right; Ξ and cornucopia below.
In the types of Philip II. Abydos mint. Struck under Leonnatos, Arrhidaios, or Antigonos I Monophthalmos.
Le Rider –; Thompson, Philip 24; ADM II Series V, 86 var. (same obv. die, additional control on rev.); SNG ANS 296. EF.
From the Kelly J. Krizan, M.D. Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Review XX/1 (Spring 1995), no. SP1005 (part of; this coin illustrated).
CNG 93, Lot: 157.Dino
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Licinius I Æ follis, Trier mint. RIC 845bLicinius I (AD 308–324). Æ follis, 22mm, 4.22 g., 5h. Treveri (Trier) mint, 1st officina. Struck AD 310–313.
Obverse: IMP LICINIVS PF AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: GENIO–POP ROM, turreted Genius standing and facing with head left; holding patera in right outstretched hand and cornucopia with end of himation in left arm; T–F//PTR.
References: RIC VI Trier 845b (C)
Ex Martyn Bodkin, 3-22-2013. Reportedly found 30 years ago, possibly at Aylesford, in Kent, England.
Mark Fox
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Lincoln Heritage Trail, 1969Obv: LINCOLN HERITAGE TRAIL, beardless head of Abraham Lincoln facing right.
Rev: KENTUCKY * INDIANA * ILLINOIS 1969, a depiction of Lincoln riding the legal circuit in the Midwest, a log cabin with split-rail fence in background.Matt Inglima
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Lincoln Heritage Trail, 1970Obv: LINCOLN HERITAGE TRAIL - 1970, bust of Lincoln facing right.
Rev: HISTORY'S HIGHWAY, a map of Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky showing the path of the Lincoln Heritage Trail through each state.
Mint: Medallic Art Company
Silver, 37.3 grams (1.315 oz), 38.65 mmMatt Inglima
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Lincoln Heritage Trail, 1970Obv: LINCOLN HERITAGE TRAIL - 1970, bust of Lincoln facing right.
Rev: HISTORY'S HIGHWAY, a map of Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky showing the path of the Lincoln Heritage Trail through each state.
Designer: C. Calverly, Mint: Medallic Art Company
Bronze, Diameter: 63 mmMatt Inglima
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Majorian (undescribed, similar to RIC X 2650)Majorian (420-461), Western Roman Emporer (457-461). AR half-siliqua (0.53 g, 11 mm), Arles. Obverse: (D N IVLI) MAIOR(IANVS), pearl-diademed, helmeted, draped, and cuirassed bust right, holding spear and shield with Christogram. Reverse: Victory standing left, holding long cross, V(ICTORIA AVGG), dotAxR in exergue. Similar to RIC X 2650, but obverse legend not in RIC and exergue undescribed.
The exergue AxR is to the best of my knowledge undescribed and indicates that the coin may be attributed to Arles. It thus suggests that silver coins where minted in Arles under the rule of Majorian, while Kent (RIC X) attributed similar coins to an unknown mint in northern Gaul. This coin has an obverse die match with a coin sold by CNG (CNG 72, lot 1942, 2006). The coin sold by CNG had the more common exergue consisting of stars and dots, and the die link thus indicates that at least some of the coins listed as RIC X 2650-2653 may have been minted in Arles.Jan
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Maximian Herculius, first reign, Æ follis, Aquileia mint. RIC 31b.Maximian Herculius, first reign (AD 286–305). Æ follis, 28mm, 10.47 g., 6h. Aquileia mint, 2nd officina. Struck AD 301.
Obverse: IMP MAXIMIANVS PF AVG, laureate head right.
Reverse: SACRA MONET AVGG ET CAESS NOSTR, Moneta standing and facing with head left, holding scales in right hand and cornucopia in left arm; V//AQS.
References: RIC VI Aquileia 31b (C)
Ex Martyn Bodkin, 3-22-2013. Reportedly found 30 years ago, possibly at Aylesford, in Kent, England.
Mark Fox
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Messana, Sicily c. 470-466 B.C. AR TetradrachmMessana, Sicily c. 470-466 B.C. AR Tetradrachm (17.07 gm).
Obv: Charioteer, holding kentron and reins, driving slow biga of mules right; in exergue, leaf.
Rev: Hare springing right.
Ref: Cf. Caltabiano 167A (dies D94/R95A, but obv. die not certain) = Randazzo 128. SNG ANS 315.
Good fine. mjabrial
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Projectile point in situ. Early to mid-Archaic, 9000-6000 B.P.Type: Kirk
Period: Early to mid-Archaic, 9000-6000 B.P.
Size: 1.25"
Found in Jessamine county, Kentucky. 2011.ancientone
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Projectile point in situ. Early to mid-Archaic, 9000-6000 B.P.Type: Kirk
Period: Early to mid-Archaic, 9000-6000 B.P.
Size: 1.75"
Found in Jessamine county, Kentucky. 2011.ancientone
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Roman Imperial: Antoninus Pius as Augustus, Orichalcum Sestertius. UK metal detecting find from Chippenham, Kent, in October 2022.Rome 147-148 A.D. 20.02g - 32.3mm, Axis 12h.
Obv: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P XI - Laureate head right.
Rev: ANNONA AVG / S-C / COS IIII - Annona standing facing left, holding grain ears and anchor, with a modius at left. COS IIII in ex & S-C across fields.
Ref: RIC III 840; Cohen 39.
Provenance: UK metal detecting find from Chippenham, Kent, in October 2022. Chris Scarlioli Collection.Christian Scarlioli
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Roman Imperial: Licinius I as Augustus, AE Follis.Heraclea 321-324 A.D. 3.13g - 19mm, Axis 5h.
Obv: IMP C VAL LICIN LICINIVS PF AVG - Radiate, draped, cuirassed bust right.
Rev: IOVI CONS-ERVATORI - Jupiter standing left, chlamys across left shoulder, holding Victory on globe and leaning on sceptre, eagle with wreath left, captive right. In right field: X over II Mu; mintmark: SMHΓ.
Ref: RIC VI, 52. Γ.
Provenance: Detecting find on a farm off Sandhurst Lane, Ashford in Kent. The farm borders a Roman chalk quarry. Chris Scarlioli Collection.Christian Scarlioli
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Roman Provincial: Elagabalus, AE25 Tetrassarion. UK metal detecting find from a Village called River in KentMoesia Inferior, Markianopolis 218-222 A.D. 10.02g - 25.2mm, Axis 6h.
Obv: ΑVΤ Κ M AVP ANTΩNEINOC - Laureate head right.
Rev: VΠ / ΙΟVΛΙ8 / CEΛΕVKOY / MAPKIAN / OΠOΛITΩ / N - Legend in 6 lines within wreath.
Ref: Varbanov 1577, Var (rev legend).
Provenance: UK metal detecting find from a Village called River in Kent, River is near Dover and a Parish. Chris Scarlioli Collection.Christian Scarlioli
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Roman Provincial: Elagabalus, AE26 Tetrassarion, Nobius Rufus, legate consularis.Moesia Inferior, Nikopolis ad Istrum 218-222 A.D. 10.68g - 26.8mm, Axis 12h.
Obv: M AVΡ ANTΩNINOC - Laureate head right.
Rev: VΠ NOBIOV POVΦOV NIKOΠOΛITΩN ΠPOC ICTPO - Coiled snake with radiate, nimbate head.
Ref: Moushmov 1409v; Varbanov 4063.
Provenance: UK metal detecting find from Kent. Chris Scarlioli Collection.
Christian Scarlioli
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Roman Provincial: Severus Alexander as Augustus, AE20.Bithynia, Nicaea 222-235 A.D. 4.10g - 20mm, Axis 12h.
Obv: M AΥΡ CEΥH AΛEΞAΔΡOC AV - Laureate head right.
Rev: NI-KA-IE-ΩN - Three standards.
Ref: SGCV 3287.
Provenance: Metal detecting find which was found on a Farm in Kent, which borders land that was a Roman Chalk Quarry. Chris Scarlioli Collection.Christian Scarlioli
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Roman Provincial: Severus Alexander, AE26 Pentassarion, Phir Philopoppus, legate consularis. Metal detecting find on a farm off Sandhurst Lane Ashford in kent. The farm borders a Roman chalk quarry.Moesia Inferior, Markianopolis 222-235 A.D. 10.45g - 26mm, Axis 12h.
Obv: ΑVΤ Κ M AVP CEV AΛΕΞΑΝΔPOC - Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: VΠ ΦΙΠ ΦIΛOΠΠAΠOY MAPKIANOΠOΛITΩΠ - Hera standing left holding patera and sceptre.
Ref: Moushmov 722a.
Provenance: Metal detecting find on a farm off Sandhurst Lane Ashford in kent. The farm borders a Roman chalk quarry. Chris Scarlioli Collection.Christian Scarlioli
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Royal George stern 1795England Kent The Kentish men meet William the Conqueror 1795, D&H 14Ancient Aussie
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S.753 Anglo-Saxon thrymsaThrymsa, Crondall phase 620-645
Monarch: unknown, possibly Eadbald
Moneyer: Witmen
Mint: unknown, probably Kent
Witmen-derived I type
S.753
N.25
GCASE.230
Ex- Baldwins 105 (lot 133)St. George's Collection
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S.757 Anglo-Saxon thrymsaThrymsa, Crondall phase 620-645
Monarch: unknown, possibly Eadbald, possibly episcopal
Mint: unknown, probably Kent
Bust/LONDVNIV type
S.757
N.21
GCASE.340
Metcalf 51-57
Crondall 53-59
Sutherland 45-47
A rare facing bust thrymsa naming the city of London (LONDVNIV) on the reverse, the obverse a crude and stylized representation of the facing bust. Unusual necklace with a U shaped half circle with crosses as both ends, possibly representing a pallium. Possibly intended to represent a stylized portrait of Augustine. Different dies than the 7 others in the Ashmolean museum (from Crondall hoard), and the only example known not in a museum.
Ex- Sovereign Rarities Auction 5 (lot 21), CNG 100 (lot 1056), LA Adams, Vecchi Nvmmorvm Avctiones 11 (lot 1), WL Subjack, Wolfshead Galleries, Glendining 2 Jun 1994 (lot 226)St. George's Collection
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S.759 Anglo-Saxon thrymsaThrymsa, Crondall phase 620-645
Monarch: unknown, possibly Eadbald
Mint: unknown, probably Kent
'EAN' type
S.759
N.30
GCASE.360
Metcalf 63-66
Crondall 91-94
A rare early thrymsa from the early 7th century. The 'EAN' type, so named because of the retrograde letters visible on the obverse, is known from four examples in the famous Crondall hoard, found in Surrey in 1828. As far as I can tell, all examples including this one are known from the same dies.
Anna Gannon, in her book on Anglo-Saxon coin iconography, notes that the 'EAN' thrymsa is first coin to depict a helmet, with the Persian bejewelled helmet copied from late Roman coins.
Ex- BC, EMC 2020.0360St. George's Collection
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S.761 Anglo-Saxon thrymsaThrymsa, Ultra-Crondall phase 620-645
Monarch: unknown, possibly Eadbald
Mint: unknown, probably Kent
"WUNEETTON" type
S.761
GCASE.260
Ex- Wolfshead Galleries, DNW 196 (lot 1011), EMC 2021.0073, found Bygrave, HertfordshireSt. George's Collection
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S.767 Anglo-Saxon pale gold thrymsaThrymsa, post-Crondall phase 655-675
Monarch: unknown
Mint: unknown, probably Kent
'Two Emperors' type
S.767
GCASE.850
A pale gold thrymsa from the mid 7th century. The coin copies imagery seen on late Roman coins, including two seating figures on the reverse with winged victory in between, imitating Roman types.
This is the most common of the gold Anglo-Saxon thrymsas.
Ex- CGB Auction Sep 2021 (lot 684458)St. George's Collection
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S.769 Anglo-Saxon pale gold thrymsaThrymsa, transitional, 655-675
Monarch: unknown, possible Eorcenberht, Ecgberht I, or Hlothere
Mint: unknown, probably Kent
PADA PIIA
S.769
GCASE.940
Ex- J.ElsenSt. George's Collection
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S.769 Anglo-Saxon pale gold thrymsaThrymsa, transitional, 655-675
Monarch: unknown, possible Eorcenberht, Ecgberht I, or Hlothere
Mint: unknown, probably Kent
PADA PIIB
S.769
GCASE.1000
Ex- J.ElsenSt. George's Collection
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S.770 Anglo-Saxon pale gold thrymsaThrymsa, transitional 655-675
Monarch: unknown, possible Eorcenberht, Ecgberht I, or Hlothere
Mint: unknown, probably Kent
PADA PIII
S.770
N.31
GCASE.1010
Likely Kentish transitional pale gold thrymsa of the mid-late 7th century. Debasement of gold coinage took place during the production of several gold shillings or "thrymsas", culminating in a coinage that was mostly silver. These thrymsas predate the sceatta coinage.
Ex- Rare Coins and TokensSt. George's Collection
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S.777 Anglo-Saxon sceatSceatta, primary phase 685-700
Series BI
Type 27a
S.777
N.126
Abramson 16-10
O: Diademed head right within serpent circle, pellets in front of face
R: Bird on cross
Series B sceattas likely originated in Kent and over time migrated up to East Anglia.
Possibly a contemporary imitation of a series B sceat, though many "official" types are extroardinarily blundered.
Ex- Leodis Hammered Coins, EMC 2013.0096St. George's Collection
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S.782 Anglo-Saxon sceatPrimary (?) phase Anglo-Saxon sceat
Series Z
Type 66
S.782
N.145
Abramson 102-60
O: Haunted-appearing (almost ghostly) face (?Christ)
R: Hound or wolf standing with curled tail
This unusual sceatta was probably produced in Kent or East Anglia, and the bearded face is probably Christ. The reverse is a skinny quadriped, with a curled tail circling through its legs.
The origin of this design seems to have heavy Roman and Byzantine influences. The obverse bust parallels similar images of Christ found on contemporary Byzantine coins and Christian tokens that pilgrims would have brought back from the Holy Land. The face has a fairly haunted appearance, and is expressionless.
The reverse is a little more tricky. Anna Gannon (Coins, Images, and Tales from the Holy Land, in Studies in Early Medieval Coinage vol 2) suggests that it represents a stag, which would have had a religious meaning. In my opinion, however, even with the primitive art of the time, it's hard to call that a stag, as the small linear "horns" really look more like ears. Other scholars call the creature a hound or wolf, with origins in Celtic imagery (such as the "Norfolk wolf", which is also of East Anglian origin). Alternatively it has been suggested (Charles Wood, private correspondence) that the creature might be a crude copy of the Roman wolf, nursing Romulus and Remus, as appears on many earlier Roman coins. This imagery occurs on a later East Anglian coin, that of Aethelberht II. The East Anglian ruling dynasty in the 7th century was the Wuffingas, a name that probably means "kin of wolves", and the wolf may have been a representation of the dynasty.
This coin probably dates from the early 8th century. The legends are illegible, and could be erroneous copies of Greek, of which the Anglo-Saxons would have presumably known little.
Ex- C.WoodSt. George's Collection
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S.784 Anglo-Saxon sceatPrimary phase Anglo-Saxon sceat
"Saroaldo" type
Type 11
S.784
Abramson 7-40
N.51
O: Stylized bust right
R: Pseudo-legend of "SAROALDO" around standard
Unusual primary phase sceatta, probably from Kent. The legend remains problematic, it does not sound like an Anglo-Saxon name, probably it is a corruption of something else, possibly a Frankish name.
Ex- AMR coins, PAS: IOW-BCF88ESt. George's Collection
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S.803 Anglo-Saxon sceatSecondary phase Anglo-Saxon sceat
Mint: Kent
Series K
Type 33
S.803
Abramson 38-10
O: Bust right facing cross
R: Lion right with long serpent tongue
The sceattas of series K represent a highlight of Anglo-Saxon artistic merit. The figure on the reverse was long thought to be a wolf, but is now believed to represent a lion.
Ex- Shanna Schmidt, Triton XXI (lot 1353), Dr. JDR, SNC CIIISt. George's Collection
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S.803 Anglo-Saxon sceatSecondary phase Anglo-Saxon sceat
Mint: Kent
Series K
Type 33
S.803
Abramson -
O: Bust right facing cross
R: Lion right with long serpent tongue, facing cross
A neat series K sceat, of decent style, with a distinct reverse not previously seen. The obverse shows a bust facing right in the standard style, called O3 by Abramson. The reverse differs though, showing a neater and smaller beast head than usually seen, with a serpent tongue, and with a cross in field. The beast almost looks like a man-beast, with a jeweled collar and fancy drapery worthy of a king. Metcalf thought the beast a wolf; Abramson and Gannon believe the creature is a lion. I’m on the fence. The coin is clearly Christian, yet has strong imagery roots in Celtic and Germanic mythology.
Ex- Lockdale'sSt. George's Collection
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S.803A Anglo-Saxon sceatSecondary phase Anglo-Saxon sceat
Mint: Kent
Series K
Type 42
S.803A
Abramson 41-35
O: Bust right with bird in hand, looking skyward
R: Animal (?hound) rounding bush with berries
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.803A Anglo-Saxon sceatSecondary phase Anglo-Saxon sceat
Mint: Kent
Series K
Type 42
S.803A
Abramson 41-10
O: Bust right with bird in hand, vine in hand
R: Animal (?hound) rounding bush with berries
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.803C Anglo-Saxon sceatSecondary phase Anglo-Saxon sceat
Mint: Kent
Series K
Type 32a
S.803C
Abramson 40-40
O: Bust right holding cross
R: Coiled serpent eating tail
Series K is presumed to be from Kent, possibly Canterbury
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.803D Anglo-Saxon sceatSecondary phase Anglo-Saxon sceat
Mint: Kent
Series K
Type 32a
S.803D
Abramson 39-10
O: Bust right holding cross
R: Wolf-headed serpent right
Ex- eBay, Baldwins, Patrick FinnSt. George's Collection
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S.803D Anglo-Saxon sceatSecondary phase Anglo-Saxon sceat
Mint: Kent
Series K
Type 32a
S.803D
Abramson 39-10
O: Bust right holding cross
R: Wolf-headed serpent right
Ex- Hosker Haynes Auction 3 (lot 60)St. George's Collection
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S.846 AldfrithSceat of Aldfrith, king of Northumbria 685-705
Moneyer: unknown
Mint: York (presumably)
SCBC 846
N. 176
Abramson 69-10
O: +ALdFRIduS
R: Fantastic animal left
Aldfrith was the first king of Northumbria to issue coins in his name, and the second English monarch to put his name on coinage (after Eadbald of Kent). His coins depict an animal of crude style, probably is supposed to be a dragon. It is different than the animals on mid 8th century Northumbrian coins of Eadberht, Alchred, Æthelred I, and Ælfwald I.
Due to this difference, for a while the coins were attributed to a king of Lindsey of the same name, who flourished in the late 8th century. However the archaeologic evidence, coin composition, and distribution of metal detecting finds argues against this idea. Most experts consider this coin struck for Northumbria's Aldfrith.
Venerable Bede speaks highly of Aldfrith as a wise ruler. For whatever reason, Northumbrian inscribed coinage would stop after Aldfrith's reign and not start again for another 50 years until Eadberht.
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.847F EadberhtSceat of Eadberht, king of Northumbria 737-758
Moneyer: unknown
Mint: York (presumably)
SCBC 847F
N. 177
Booth type Fxi
Abramson 70-280
Chapman I2
O: EOTBERHTVS:, mustached face in center
R: Fantastic animal facing right, triqueta below, cross under tail
Motif: face/fantastic animal
The mustached face is an interesting and quite unusual central motif, known from just a few specimens. I can trace 3 other specimens, two from the same dies as this example. The face could represent Eadberht himself, or perhaps was a pagan symbol that was kept on the nominally Christian coinage. I've heard it described as a representation of Odin/Wodan. However, the picture looks wrong for that, as most depictions of the old god show him with a beard. The face is not likely Christ, who is also typically shown bearded. However, mustaches were worn by Anglo-Saxons; following their conversion to Christianity many abandoned the long beards. A long handlebar style mustache is famously worn by Harold Godwinson on the Bayeaux Tapestry, and may have been stylish back to the 8th century.
Eadberht also issued coinage with his brother Ecgberht the Archbishop of York, which depicts a full length person holding crosses, presumably Ecgberht himself.
If the face is Eadberht's, it could represent one of the earliest depiction of a the face of a known king on English coinage, preceding the coinage of Offa by a few decades (aside from the possible 7th century coins of Eadbald of Kent).
Ex- Silbury Coins, EMC 2015.0297St. George's Collection
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S.856 Æthelred I (Ceolbald)Sceat of Æthelred I, king of Northumbria (second reign) 789-796
Moneyer: Ceolbald
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 856
Phase Ia
O: +AEDILRED ℞
R: +CEOLBĀLD
Motif: 7/5
Ceolbald was Æthelred I's most prolific moneyer. His coins feature some interesting designs in the central motifs, like the ℞ on this issue.
The central ℞ motif (for "Rex") is also seen on Kentish coins of Ecgberht II (765-779). The symbol is also seen on pennies of Pepin the Short (751-768) and I would suspect both Æthelred and Ecgberht were copying the Pepin coins.
Ceolbald is not known to have coined for Æthelred's successors and it is believed that after his services were no longer needed in Northumbria, he packed up and moved to Mercia, where he coined for Coenwulf. Ceolbald is a known moneyer for Coenwulf and it is not beyond the realm of possibility that this was indeed the same person.
Ex- A.G.&S. GillisSt. George's Collection
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