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Constantine II CaesarGinolerhino
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305 - 306, SEVERUS II as Caesar, AE Follis struck 305 - 306 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: SEVERVS NOBILISSIMVS CAES. Laureate and cuirassed bust of Severus II facing right.
Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI. Genius, kalathos on head, standing facing left, holding patera in right hand and cornucopia in left; no mint-mark in exergue.
Diameter: 29mm | Weight: 10.399gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC VI: 59a | Cohen VII: 24 | SPINK: 712
Rare
Ex. Errett Bishop Collection | Ex. FORVM (USA)

SEVERUS II
Flavius Valerius Severus Augustus was a Western Roman Emperor from 306 to 307. He was born in Northern Illyria (now Albania) and rose to become a senior officer in the Roman army. As an old friend of Galerius, that emperor appointed Severus as Caesar on 1 May 305 and he thus served as junior emperor under Constantius I in the Western Roman Empire.
When Constantius I died in the summer of 306, Severus was promoted to Augustus by Galerius under the rules of succession established under the Tetrarchy. However Constantius I had died on campaign in York and his army in Britain had acclaimed his son, Constantine I, as his successor. Although furious at this elevation, Galerius wanted to avoid any threat of a civil war so he compromised by allowing Constantine to bear the title of Caesar.
When this news reached Maxentius, the son of Maximianus, he revolted and declared himself emperor at Rome,
Galerius sent Severus, at the head of an army which had previously been commanded by Maximianus, to suppress the rebellion. Maxentius asked his father to re-assume the purple and rule the empire with him and Maximianus, who had been reluctant to abdicate, readily accepted. When Severus arrived under the walls of Rome to besiege it his men deserted to their old commander forcing Severus to flee to Ravenna. Maximianus offered to spare his life and treat him humanely if he surrendered peaceably. Severus complied but, despite Maximianus' assurance, he was displayed as a captive, imprisoned and later put to death.

3 comments*Alex
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Faustina Junior, Trajanopolis AE 20 Trajanopolis. Faustina II AE20. FAVCTEINA CEBAC, draped bust right / TPAIANOPOLEITWN, veiled figure of Hera standing left, holding patera & sceptre, altar at her feet.
Moushmov 5003, 21 mm diam., 8.0 g
NORMAN K
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Faustina Junior . Augusta, AD 147-175
PB Denarius (18mm, 2.76 g, 10 h)
Cast imitation? Copying a Rome mint issue of circa AD 161-175
Draped bust right
Diana Lucifera standing facing, head left, holding transverse torch
Cf. RIC III 674 (Pius)

Iron(?) inclusion in center of reverse
1 commentsArdatirion
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0008 Gnaeus Pompey Junior, Imperator [Oldest Son of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great)]Obv: M POBLICI LEG PRO counterclockwise from below and PR counterclockwise behind (M. Poblicius, Gnaeus Pompey Jr.’s legatus pro praetore), helmeted head of Roma r. Bead and reel border.
Rev: CN MAGNVS IMP counterclockwise in exergue and on right, Hispania on l. standing r., round shield on her back, two transverse spears in l. hand, presenting palm frond with r. hand to a soldier (Gnaeus Pompey?) standing l. on prow, l. hand resting on pommel of sword in sheath. Border of dots.
Denomination: silver denarius; Mint: Hispania, Cordoba mint; Date: 46 - 45 BC; Weight: 3.659g; Diameter: 19.8mm; Die axis: 180º; References, for example: Cohen Pompey the Great 1; Babelon Pompeia 9; BMCRR Spain 72; Sydenham 1035; Sear CRI 48; SRCV 1384; Crawford 469/1a.

Provenance: Ex Forum Ancient Coins July 2, 2022; Roma Numismatics e-sale 95 April 13, 2022 Lot 860; ex Z.P. Collection (Austria).

Photo credits: Forum Ancient Coins

CLICK FOR SOURCES
Tracy Aiello
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001d. Pompey JuniorCnaeus Pompey Jr. Elder son of Pompey. After battle of Pharsalus, he joined the remnants of the Pompeian faction in continuing to fight Caesar. Executed in 45 BC after losing battle of Munda.

Coin: Denarius. 20mm, 3.70 g. Corduba mint, Summer 46-Spring 45 BC. Marcus Poblicius, legatus pro praetore. Obv: M POBLICI LEG PRO, behind, P R. Helmeted head of Roma right within bead and reel border. Rev: CN MAGNVS IMP. Hispania standing right, shield on her back, holding two spears over shoulder and presenting palm frond to Pompeian soldier standing left on prow, armed with sword. Crawford 469/1a; CRI 48; Sydenham 1035; RSC 1 (Pompey the Great). From the Peter J. Merani Collection. CNG Auction 490, Lot 159.
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001d2. Pompey JuniorCnaeus Pompey Jr

46-45 BC. Obverse: Head of Janus
Reverse: CN MAG, prow of galley right, IMP below. 34.35 mm,
22.65 grams. Crawford 471/1; Sydenham 1040; RPC I 486. Corduba mint.
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003a. DrususDrusus

Tiberius' son, Drusus Caesar, d. 23, called Drusus Junior, served in the provinces Pannonia ( 15) and in Illyricum ( 17? 20). In 22 he was made tribune. Meanwhile, Sejanus, Tiberius' minister, had become jealous of Drusus' power and tried to turn Tiberius against him. Drusus may have been poisoned by Sejanus or by his wife under Sejanus' influence.

As. Sear 2594, restitution issue by Titus. 10.0 g, 26x27 mm. Glossy dark green patina with slight roughness. OBV.: Drusus left, DRVSVS CAESAR TI AVG F DIVI AVG N. REV.: IMP T CAES DIVI VESP F AVG REST around SC.
1 commentsecoli
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004e. Agrippina SeniorAgrippina Senior was the daughter of Julia, Augustus's daughter. She was the wife of Germanicus, and had nine children with him, including Caligula and Agrippina Junior. After the death of Germanicus, she became opposed to Tiberius. She was banished by Tiberius in 29 AD, and she died of starvation four years later. All coin issues were posthumous.

Coin: AE Sestertius. 36.5mm, 25.60 g. Struck under Caligula. Obv: AGRIPPINA M F MAT C CAESARIC AVGVSTI, draped bust right. Rev: S P Q R MEMORIAE AGRIPPINAE, funeral cart pulled by two mules to left. Cohen 1, RIC 42.
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005a. ClaudiusAugustus 41-54 AD

Uncle of Caligula. Claudius was somewhat an 'accidental' emperor. He was viewed as slow-witted and not suitable for emperor. When Caligula was assassinated, the Praetorians left Claudius alive and proclaimed him as Emperor. Once in office, he proved to a capable ruler, although his marriages created constant stresses for him. It was rumored but never proven that he was poisoned by Agrippina Junior.

Coin: AE As, Spanish Mint, 27mm, 8.76 grams. Obverse: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP, Bare head of Claudius left. Reverse: Minerva advancing right holding spear and shield, S C to either side. RIC 100.
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005c. Agrippinna JuniorDaughter of Germanicus, sister of Caligula, mother of Nero, and fourth wife of Claudius (her uncle). Maneuvered to have Nero become Emperor; reputed to have poisoned Claudius.

Coin: Hierapolis, Phrygia
Bronze assarion, RPC I 2983 (4 spec.); SNGvA 3649; BMC Phrygia p. 249, 127, Hierapolis (near Pamukkale, Turkey) mint, weight 3.731g, maximum diameter 16.2mm, die axis 0o, magistrate Magytes Neoteros, c. 55 A.D.; obverse AΓPIΠΠINA ΣEBAΣTH, draped bust right; reverse MAΓYTHΣ NEΩTEPOΣ IEPAΠOΛEITΩN, Demeter seated left on throne, stalk of grain and two poppies in right hand. A FORUM coin.
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005c2. Agrippina JuniorAgrippina II
AE 14.8mm, 2.93 g.
Philadelphia, Lydia.
54-59 AD.
Obv: AΓΡIΠΠEINAN ΣEBAΣTHN, draped bust right.
Rev: ΦIΛAΔEΛΦEΩN NEIKANΩΡ, cornucopiae full of fruit.
RPC 3042; BMC 59.

NOTE: Daughter of Germanicus, sister of Caligula, mother of Nero, and fourth wife of Claudius. Maneuvered to have Nero become Emperor; reputed to have poisoned Claudius.
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005c3. Agrippina JuniorHierapolis, Phrygia
Bronze assarion, RPC I 2983 (4 spec.); SNGvA 3649; BMC Phrygia p. 249, 127, VF, rough areas of light corrosion, legends weak, Hierapolis (near Pamukkale, Turkey) mint, weight 3.731g, maximum diameter 16.2mm, die axis 0o, magistrate Magytes Neoteros, c. 55 A.D.; obverse AΓPIΠΠINA ΣEBAΣTH, draped bust right; reverse MAΓYTHΣ NEΩTEPOΣ IEPAΠOΛEITΩN, Demeter seated left on throne, stalk of grain and two poppies in right hand. A FORUM coin.
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005c3. Claudius & Agrippina JuniorClaudius and Agrippina Junior
Ephesos,Ionia
AE19 Assarion
20.8mm, 6.57 g.
Obv: Jugate busts of Claudius and Agrippina right
Rev: EΦE KOYΣI-NIOΣ TO Δ to left and right of stag standing right.
RPC 2624; SNG Cop 373-374; BMC 205-206; Weber 5872.

A FORUM coin.
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013c. Vespasian JuniorAE17mm, 2.37 g. Smyrna, Ionia. Struck 94-95. Obv: OYHCPACIANOC NEOTEROC bare-head of Vespasian II right. Rev: SMYRNAION, Nike advancing right, holding palm branch. BMC 316; RPC II 1028; Vagi 1164; Klose XLII, 5.

NOTE: Relative of Domitian, and adopted by him. His father accused of treason and executed. Vespasian Junior's fate is not known; only provincial coins were minted for him.
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013c. Vespasian JuniorRelative of Domitian, and adopted by him. His father accused of treason and executed. Vespasian Junior's fate is not known; only provincial coins were minted for him.

Coin: AE17mm, 2.37 g. Smyrna, Ionia. Struck 94-95. Obv: OYHCPACIANOC NEOTEROC bare-head of Vespasian II right. Rev: SMYRNAION, Nike advancing right, holding palm branch. BMC 316; RPC II 1028; Vagi 1164; Klose XLII, 5.
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015. Faustina II AE SestertiusAE Sestertius. Rome mint.

Obv. Draped bust right FAVSTINA AVGVSTA

Rev. Cybele seated right, lion at her side MATRI MAGNAE.

RIC1663. aEF/gVF
2 commentsLordBest
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018b. Faustina SeniorWife of Antoninus Pius. She died in 141 AD. She had four children with Antoninus; only Faustina Junior survived to be an adult.

Coin: Denarius. Rome, AD 148-161. Obv: DIVA FAVSTINA, draped bust right. Rev: AVGVSTA, Vesta standing left, holding patera over lit altar and Palladium close to her side in other arm. RIC 370, RSC 116.
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019b. Faustina JuniorWife of Marcus Aurelius. Had at least 14 (and perhaps more) children with him, of whom 6 reached adulthood. It was reputed that she engaged in a pattern of infidelity. Despite this, she was deified when she died in 175.

Coin: Æ Sestertius. Rome, AD 161-175. FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, draped bust to right / IVNO, Juno standing to left, holding patera and sceptre, peacock at feet; S-C across fields. RIC III 1645 (Aurelius); C. 121; BMCRE 915 (Aurelius and Verus). 22.69g, 31mm, 12h.
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019b01. Faustina JuniorFaustina II, AE24 of Tabala, Lydia. AD 146-180. ΦAYCTEINA CE, draped bust right / TABAΛEΩN, Kybele, polos on head, seated left on stool, holding patera and resting arm on drum, lion at foot. BMC 6; Mionnet Supp VII, 547; Waddington 5295; Paris 1371; Leypold I, 1252.lawrence c
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019b02. Faustina JuniorPosthumous Denarius. Obv: DIVA FAVSTINA PIA, bare-headed, draped bust right. Rev: AETERNITAS, Aeternitas, standing front, head left, arranging veil and holding torch. RIC 739; Sear 5212.lawrence c
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019b03. Faustina JuniorAE Sestertius. Obv: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, draped bust right. Rev: FECVNDITAS S-C, empress as Fecunditas holding sceptre in right hand, infant in left hand. RIC 1638, Cohen 100.lawrence c
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019b04. Faustina JuniorÆ Sestertius. Rome, AD 161-176. FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, draped bust to right / IVNO, Juno standing to left, holding patera and sceptre, peacock at feet; S-C across fields. RIC III 1645 (Aurelius); C. 121; BMCRE 915 (Aurelius and Verus). 22.69g, 31mm, 12h. Lot 994.lawrence c
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019b05. Faustina JuniorDenarius. Rome. Obv: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA. Draped bust right. Rev: HILARITAS. Hilaritas standing left, holding cornucopia and palm frond. 2.74g., 18mm. RIC 686 (Aurelius). Naumann Auction 137, lot 712lawrence c
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019d. Aurelius Antoninus (?)The reverse of a denarius and a sestertius of Faustina Junior show two infants on a throne. The infants on the reverse normally are identified as Commodus and T. Aurelius Fulvus Antoninus. The latter died in infancy.

Coin: AE Sestertius. Obv: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, diademed and draped bust right. Rev: SAECVLI FELICIT S-C, two children seated on throne. RIC 1665, Cohen 193.
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019d. Faustina Junior with Commodus & Aurelius AntoninusFaustina II. AE Sestertius. Obv: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, diademed and draped bust right. Rev: SAECVLI FELICIT S-C, two children seated on throne. RIC 1665, Cohen 193.

NOTE: The infants on the reverse normally are identified as Commodus and T. Aurelius Fulvus Antoninus. The latter died in infancy.
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022b. Titiana and Pertinax JuniorTitiana was the wife of Pertinax and Pertinax Junior his son. The two are on a tetradrachm of Alexandria, reportedly unique. A solo portrait of Pertinax Junior is on an Alexandrian tetradrachm.lawrence c
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033a. Gordian I AfricanusUsurper 22 March -- 12 April 238.

Governor in North Africa who was in his 80's. With support from the Roman Senate, members of which were very opposed to Maximinus's rule, Gordian and his son Gordian Junior launched a bid for emperor. The governor of neighboring Numidia, however, remained loyal to Maximinus, and he attacked the untrained forces of Gordian, which were routed quickly. Gordian Junior was killed in the battle, and Gordian I committed suicide. All coins were struck in Rome.

Coin: AE Sestertius. Obv: IMP CAES M ANT GORDIANVS AFR AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind. Rev: VICTORIA AVGG S-C, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm. RIC 12, Cohen 14.
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033a01. Gordian I AfricanusAE Sestertius. Obv: IMP CAES M ANT GORDIANVS AFR AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind. Rev: VICTORIA AVGG S-C, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm. RIC 12, Cohen 14.

NOTE: Usurper 22 March -- 12 April 238. Governor in North Africa who was in his 80's. With support from the Roman Senate, members of which were very opposed to Maximinus's rule, Gordian and his son Gordian Junior launched a bid for emperor. The governor of neighboring Numidia, however, remained loyal to Maximinus, and he attacked the untrained forces of Gordian, which were routed quickly. Gordian Junior was killed in the battle, and Gordian I committed suicide. All coins were struck in Rome.
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043 - AGRIPPINA MINORAgrippina Minor was the younger sister of emperor Caligula, the niece and fourth wife of emperor Claudius, and the mother of emperor Nero

for obverse, reverse and coin details click here
shanxi
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048c. Valerian Junior
Son of Gallienus. Made Caesar in 256 by Valerian. As a teenager, assigned to control the Illyrian provinces under tutelage of a more experienced commander. Died under mysterious circumstances in 258.

Coin: Antioch, Billon antoninianus, VALERIANVS NOBIL. CAES, Radiate, draped bust right / FIDES MILITVM, Legionary eagle between two standards. RIC 46A Antioch; Sear 10730.
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048c01. Valerian JuniorPosthumous Antoninianus. 257-258 AD. Obv: DIVO VALERIANO CAES, radiate and draped bust right. Rev: CONSACRATIO, eagle flying right, bearing the deceased young Caesar to heaven. RIC 9, Cohen 5.lawrence c
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048c02. Valerian JuniorAntoninianus. Antioch mint, 254-5 AD. Obv: VALERIANVS NOBIL CAES. radiate, draped bust right, Rev: PRINC IVVENTVTIS, Prince standing right, looking left, holding spear and shield, crowning trophy to left.
RIC 49 Antioch; RSC 67; Goebl 1694b Samosata; Sear 10735.
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048c03. Valerian JuniorAntoninianus. Rome mint, 254-255 AD. Obv: P LIC VALERIANVS CAES, radiate, draped bust right. PIETAS AVGG, sacrificial implements: aspergillum, simpulum, vase turned left, knife and lituus. RIC V-1, 19; Cohen 45 (RSC 45).lawrence c
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049a. MacrianusUsurper 260 - 261

Macrianus was the oldest son of Macrianus Senior (who was not viewed as a candidate for emperor due to his lameness and who did not strike coins). After Valerian was captured by the Sasanians, Macrianus tried to usurp the empire by naming his two sons, Macrianus Junior and Quietus as co-emperors in Summer 260. Macrianus Senior and Macrianus Junior succeeded in driving the Persians out of Antioch, but were defeated and killed in the Balkans in Summer 261 against Gallienus's troops.

Coin: Antoninianus. Samosata. Obv: IMP C FVL MACRIANVS P F AVG. Radiate and cuirassed bust right. Rev: AEQVTAS AVGG. Aequitas standing left, holding scales and cornucopia; star to left. RIC 5. 4.73 g., 20 mm. Naumann Auction 103, lot 870
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050a. QuietusUsurper Summer 260 - Summer 261

Younger brother of Macrianus Junior. When Macrianus Senior and Junior campaigned against Gallienus, Quietus was left in Syria to guard the Eastern frontier. The King of Palmyra allied with Gallienus and besieged the city of Emesa which Quietus was trying to hold. Quietus was killed by the citizens of Emesa.

Coin: Billon Antoninianus. Samosata mint ? Obv: IMP C FVL QVIETVS P F AVG, radiate, draped bust right, seen from behind. Rev: INDVLGENTIAE AVG, Indulgentia seated left, holding patera & sceptre. RIC 5; RSC 6-6b; Sear 10821.
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052 - Faustina Junior Denarius - RIC 252Obv:- FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, Draped bust of Faustina Junior right
Rev:- CERES, Ceres, veiled, seated left on cista, holding grain ears and torch
Minted in Rome, A.D. 175
Reference:- BMCRE (Marcus) 81. RIC 669. RSC 35a

Weight 3.27g. 18.64mm.
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052 - Faustina Junior denarius - RIC 508d (Pius)Obv:- FAVSTINA AVGVSTA AVG P II F, Draped bust left, hair pulled back and tied in bun behind neck
Rev:- PVDICITIA, Pudicitia, veiled, standing left, sacrificing over altar
Minted in Rome, Undated. A.D. 161-164
Reference:- BMCRE Group V. 1094 (Pius) citing H. M. Treasury (Allerton Bywater Hoard, 1924). RIC III 508d (Pius, Scarce, citing BM)
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052 - Faustina Junior denarius - RIC 669 (Aurelius)Denarius
Obv:- FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, Draped bust right, hair pulled back and tied in bun behind neck
Rev:- CERES, Ceres seated left on chest, holding grain ears in extended right hand, short torch cradled in left arm
Minted in Rome, A.D. 161-164
Reference(s) - BMCRE 81 (Aurelius). MIR 18, 2-4b. RIC III 669 (Aurelius)
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052 - Faustina Junior Posthumous Denarius - RIC 747Obv:- DIVA AVG FAVSTINA, Draped bust right
Rev:- CONSECRATIO, Funeral pyre; Faustina II atop, riding biga towards
Minted in Rome. A.D. 176-180
References:- Cohen 77. BMC 698. RIC 747 (Rated scarce).
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061. Faustina Junior.Denarius, 176-180 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: DIVA FAVSTINA PIA / Bust of Faustina.
Reverse: CONSECRATIO / Peacock.
3.48 gm., 19 mm.
RIC #74.
Callimachus
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103a. Valentinian IIEmperor November 375-May 392. Son of Valentinian I. Proclaimed emperor by officers at age 4 on death of father. Remained junior augustus in West under Gratian, and the East was governed by his uncle Valens until 378 and Theodosius I from 379. When Gratian was killed in 383, Valentinian II established his court in Mediolanum. In 387, Maximus invaded Italy, and Valentinian fled to Theodosius’s court. After Theodosius defeated Maximus, Valentinian was re-installed in the West. However, Valentinian soon found himself struggling to break free from the control of his magister militum Arbogast. In 392, Valentinian was discovered hanged in his room, either suicide or murder.

Coin: AE3. 17.9mm, 3.22 g. Antioch mint. Obv: DN VALENTINIANVS IVN PF AVG, pearl diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right. Rev: VRBS-ROMA, Roma, helmeted, seated left on cuirass, holding Victory on globe and spear. Star in right field. Mintmark ANTB. RIC IX Antioch 51 type 1. A FORUM coin.
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104. Antoninus PiusAntoninus Pius. AD 138-161. Æ Sestertius (31mm, 24.70 g, 12h). Rome mint. Struck AD 149. Laureate head right / Crossed cornucopias from which a grape bunch flanked by two grain ears hang, surmounted by busts of boy. RIC III 857; Banti 410. Near VF, brown patina, minor surface roughness.

From the Fairfield Collection. Ex Pegasi Auctions 25 (8 November 2011), lot 504.

The infants are thought to be T. Aelius Antoninus and T. Aurelius Antoninus, the twin sons of Marcus Aurelius and Faustina Junior born in AD 149. These were the first male offspring of the couple, offering hope for the establishment of the new dynasty, but both died in infancy.

Ex-CNG Eauction 329 446/150/180
ecoli
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1304a, Constantius I, May 305 - 25 July 306 A.D.Silvered follis, RIC 20a, S 3671, VM 25, gVF, Heraclea mint, 10.144g, 27.7mm, 180o, 297 - 298 A.D. Obverse: FL VAL CONSTANTIVS NOB CAES, laureate head right; Reverse GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius standing left, modius on head, naked except for chlamys over shoulder, cornucopia in left, pouring liquor from patera, HTD in exergue; some silvering, nice portrait, well centered.



De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families

Constantius I Chlorus (305-306 A.D.)

Michael DiMaio, Jr.
Salve Regina University

Constantius' Early Life and Marriage

Born March 31st, Emperor Flavius Valerius Constantius may have come into the world ca. 250. His family was from Illyricum. In the army he served as a protector, tribunus, and a praeses Dalmatiarum. During the 270s or the 280s, he became the father of Constantine by Helena, his first spouse. By 288 he was the Praetorian Prefect of the western emperor Maximianus Herculius.

Constantius' Reign as Caesar

On 1 March 293 Diocletian appointed Galerius as his Caesar (junior emperor) in the east and Constantius as the Caesar of Maximianus Herculius. Caesar in the west. Both Caesars had the right of succession. In order to strengthen the dynastic relationship between himself and Herculius., Constantius put aside his wife Helena and married Theodora, the daughter, or perhaps stepdaughter, of Maximianus Herculius.. The union was fruitful and of it there were six issue: Flavius Dalmatius, Julius Constantius, Hannibalianus, Constantia, Anastasia, and Eutropia. To strengthen his bond with Galerius and Diocletian in the east, Constantius allowed Galerius to keep his son Constantine as a hostage for his good behavior.

In the remainder of the time that he was a Caesar, Constantius spent much of his time engaged in military actions in the west. In the summer of 293 Constantius expelled the troops of the usurper Carausius from northern Gaul; after Constantius' attack on Bononia (Boulogne), Carausius was murdered. At the same time he dealt with the unrest of the Germans. In 296 he invaded Britain and put down the revolt of the usurper Allectus. Between 300 and 305 A.D. the Caesar campaigned successfully several times with various German tribes. It is worth noting in passing, that while his colleagues rigidly enforced the "Great Persecution in 303," Constantius limited his action to knocking down a few churches.

Constantius as Augustus and His Untimely Death

On 1 May 305 Diocletian, at Nicomedia, and Maximianus Herculius, at Mediolanum (Milan), divested themselves of the purple, probably because of the almost fatal illness that Diocletian contracted toward the end of 304. Diocletian forced Maximianus to abdicate. They appointed as their successors Constantius and Galerius, with Severus and Maximinus Daia as the new Caesars. The retired emperors then returned to private life. Constantius, as had his predecessor, ruled in the west, while Galerius and Daia ruled in the east. Almost as soon as he was appointed Augustus, he crossed to Britain to face incursions by the Picts where he died at York on 25 July 306 with his son (Constantine I, known to history as “The Great”) at his side.

Copyright (C) 1996, Michael DiMaio, Jr.
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
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138-161 AD - ANTONINUS PIUS AE sestertius - struck 149 ADobv: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P XII (laureate bust right)
rev: TEMPORVM FELICITAS, COS IIII in exergue, S C across field (crossed cornucopiae from which a grape bunch flanked by two grain ears hang, surmounted by busts of two boys, vis-á -vis)
ref: RIC III 857, Cohen 813 (8frcs), BMC 1825note
23.14gms, 30mm,
Rare

The infants are thought to represent T. Aelius Antoninus and T. Aurelius Antoninus, the twin sons of Marcus Aurelius and Faustina Junior born in 149 AD. These were the first male offspring of the couple, offering hope for the establishment of the new dynasty, but both died in infancy.
The coin is before cleaning.
berserker
drusus as.jpg
14-37 AD - DRUSUS memorial AE As - struck under Tiberius (23 AD)obv: DRVSVS CAESAR TI AVG F DIVI AVG N (bare head left)
rev: PONTIF TRIBVN POTEST ITER around large S-C
ref: RIC I 45 (Tiberius), C.2 (2frcs)
10.14gms, 29mm

Drusus (also called Drusus Junior or Drusus the Younger), the only son of Tiberius, became heir to the throne after the death of Germanicus. One of his famous act connected to the mutiny in Pannonia, what broke out when the death of Augustus (19 August 14) was made known. Drusus left Rome to deal with the mutiny before the session of the Senate on the 17 September, when Tiberius was formally adopted him as princeps. He have reached the military camp in Pannonia in the time for the eclipse of the moon in the early hours of the 27 September wich so daunted the mutineers. He was also governor of Illyricum from 17 to 20 AD. Ancient sources concur that Livilla, his wife poisoned him.
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U809F1JMXNTCBT.jpg
1407a, Constantius II, 337-361 A.D. (Antioch)AE4, 337-361 A.D. Antioch, aVF/VF,Obv:– DN CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, Pearl and rosette diadem, head right/R: Wreath with VOT XX MVLT XXX, SMANB in exe.RIC VIII Antioch 113,Item ref: RI170b.

AE3, 2.80 grams, 330-333, Heraclea, aVF. Obv: FL IVL CONSTANTIVS NOB C - Laureate bust right, draped and cuirassed. R: GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS - Two soldiers looking in at each other and both holding a spear; between them, two standards Exe: SMHB.

Constantius II was born in Illyricum in August AD 317, the son of Constantine the Great and Fausta, and was proclaimed Caesar in AD 323.

In AD 337, at the death of his father Constantine, he acceded to the throne together with his two brothers Constantine II and Constans. But this accession by the three brothers was tainted by the murder of their cousins Dalmatius and Hannibalianus, whom Constantine had also intended as joint heirs. These murders are believed to have been masterminded by Constantius II.

Eventually, Constantius II was left as the sole emperor of the Roman empire. Constantius elevated his cousin, Julian, to the rank of Caesar (junior emperor) and gave him his sister Helena in marriage. Julian was assigned the task of dealing with the Frankish leader, Silvanus, who had proclaimed himself emepror at Colonia Agrippina. Julian's success led his men to declare him Augustus. Julian, while reluctant to take the throne, accepted.

Constantius II, therefore, left the Mesopotamian frontier and marched his troops west, seeking to deal with the usurper. As he reached Cilicia in the winter of AD 361, he was overcome by a sudden fever and died at Mopsucrene. Julian, the Apostate, succeded him as Emperor.

Our chief source for Constantius' reign is the great historian Ammianus Marcellinus. He presents a mixed view of that emperor. In some ways a sound administrator and competent general, Constantius is also portrayed as easily influenced by those around him such as his wives, courtiers and the eunuchs of the court (Ammianus 21. 16. 16). Ammianus (21.16.18) also attacks Constantius' great interest in Church affairs--alleging that he bankrupted the courier service with calls for Church councils. Of course, imperial interest in Church affairs was a major policy of his father Constantine and it may be that Constantius was trying to emulate his model (if only with mixed success). Indeed, Constantius II (like his brothers Constantine II and Constans) was raised a Christian. Among his many laws is the famous CTh 16.10.2 of 341 which either prohibited or re-issued his father's prohibition of pagan sacrifices. Sympathetic to Arianism, he spent a great deal of his reign calling Church councils. One of the longest-reigned emperors in Roman history, Constantius is hard for the modern historian to fully understand both due to his own actions and due to the interests of the authors of primary sources for his reign.

By Michael DiMaio, Jr., Salve Regina University & Robert Frakes, Clarion University
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.

1 commentsCleisthenes
Cnstntius2b.jpg
1407h, Constantius II, 337-361 A.D. (Heraclea)Constantius II 337-361 A.D. AE3, 2.80 grams, 330-333, Heraclea, aVF. Obverse: FL IVL CONSTANTIVS NOB C - Laureate bust right, draped and cuirassed; Reverse: GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS - Two soldiers looking in at each other and both holding a spear; between them, two standards; SMHB in exergue.

Constantius II was born in Illyricum in August AD 317, the son of Constantine the Great and Fausta, and was proclaimed Caesar in AD 323.

In AD 337, at the death of his father Constantine, he acceded to the throne together with his two brothers Constantine II and Constans. But this accession by the three brothers was tainted by the murder of their cousins Dalmatius and Hannibalianus, whom Constantine had also intended as joint heirs. These murders are believed to have been masterminded by Constantius II.

Eventually, Constantius II was left as the sole emperor of the Roman empire. Constantius elevated his cousin, Julian, to the rank of Caesar (junior emperor) and gave him his sister Helena in marriage. Julian was assigned the task of dealing with the Frankish leader, Silvanus, who had proclaimed himself emepror at Colonia Agrippina. Julian's success led his men to declare him Augustus. Julian, while reluctant to take the throne, accepted.

Constantius II, therefore, left the Mesopotamian frontier and marched his troops west, seeking to deal with the usurper. As he reached Cilicia in the winter of AD 361, he was overcome by a sudden fever and died at Mopsucrene. Julian, the Apostate, succeded him as Emperor.

Our chief source for Constantius' reign is the great historian Ammianus Marcellinus. He presents a mixed view of that emperor. In some ways a sound administrator and competent general, Constantius is also portrayed as easily influenced by those around him such as his wives, courtiers and the eunuchs of the court (Ammianus 21. 16. 16). Ammianus (21.16.18) also attacks Constantius' great interest in Church affairs--alleging that he bankrupted the courier service with calls for Church councils. Of course, imperial interest in Church affairs was a major policy of his father Constantine and it may be that Constantius was trying to emulate his model (if only with mixed success). Indeed, Constantius II (like his brothers Constantine II and Constans) was raised a Christian. Among his many laws is the famous CTh 16.10.2 of 341 which either prohibited or re-issued his father's prohibition of pagan sacrifices. Sympathetic to Arianism, he spent a great deal of his reign calling Church councils. One of the longest-reigned emperors in Roman history, Constantius is hard for the modern historian to fully understand both due to his own actions and due to the interests of the authors of primary sources for his reign.
By Michael DiMaio, Jr., Salve Regina University & Robert Frakes, Clarion University
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
Constantius II.jpg
1407r, Constantius II, 22 May 337 - 3 November 361 A.D.Bronze AE 3, RIC 272, aVF, 2.203g, 18.1mm, 0o, Rome mint, 352 - 355 A.D.; obverse D N CONSTAN-TIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right; reverse FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier spearing fallen horseman, RT in ex.

Constantius II was born in Illyricum in August AD 317, the son of Constantine the Great and Fausta, and was proclaimed Caesar in AD 323.

In AD 337, at the death of his father Constantine, he acceded to the throne together with his two brothers Constantine II and Constans. But this accession by the three brothers was tainted by the murder of their cousins Dalmatius and Hannibalianus, whom Constantine had also intended as joint heirs. These murders are believed to have been masterminded by Constantius II.

Eventually, Constantius II was left as the sole emperor of the Roman empire. Constantius elevated Julian to the rank of Caesar (junior emperor) and gave him his sister Helena in marriage. Julian was assigned the task of dealing with the Frankish leader, Silvanus, who had proclaimed himself emepror at Colonia Agrippina. Julian's success lead his men to declare him Augustus. Julian, while reluctant to take the throne, accepted.

Constantius II, therefore left the Mesopotamian frontier and marched his troops west, seeking to deal with the usurper. As he reached Cilicia in the winter of AD 361, he was overcome by a sudden fever and died at Mopsucrene. Julian, the Apostate, succeded him as Emperor.

Our chief source for Constantius' reign is the great historian Ammianus Marcellinus. He presents a mixed view of that emperor. In some ways a sound administrator and competent general, Constantius is also portrayed as easily influenced by those around him such as his wives, courtiers and the eunuchs of the court (Ammianus 21. 16. 16). Ammianus (21.16.18) also attacks Constantius' great interest in Church affairs--alleging that he bankrupted the courier service with calls for Church councils. Of course, imperial interest in Church affairs was a major policy of his father Constantine and it may be that Constantius was trying to emulate his model (if only with mixed success). Indeed, Constantius II (like his brothers Constantine II and Constans) was raised a Christian. Among his many laws is the famous CTh 16.10.2 of 341 which either prohibited or re-issued his father's prohibition of pagan sacrifices. Sympathetic to Arianism, he spent a great deal of his reign calling Church councils. One of the longest-reigned emperors in Roman history, Constantius is hard for the modern historian to fully understand both due to his own actions and due to the interests of the authors of primary sources for his reign.

By Michael DiMaio, Jr., Salve Regina University & Robert Frakes, Clarion University
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.



Cleisthenes
faustinaII as.jpg
145-161 AD - FAUSTINA Junior AE dupondius - struck 145-46 ADobv: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA (draped bust right)
rev: PIETAS / S.C. (Pietas standing left, holding cornucopiae, child -Lucilla?- at her feet left)
ref: RIC III 1402 (Ant.Pius), Cohen 174, BMC 2189
mint: Rome
8.42gms, 26mm

This coin was struck after her wedding with Aurelius Caesar.
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faustina2 RIC497(AntPius).jpg
145-161 AD - FAUSTINA Junior AR denarius - struck 157-161 ADobv: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA (draped bust right)
rev: AVGVSTI P II FIL (Spes, draped, standing left, holding flower & gathering up fold of skirt)
ref: RIC III 497 (AntPius), C.24
3.07gms, 18mm
Scarce
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faustina2 RIC502(AntPius).jpg
145-161 AD - FAUSTINA Junior fouree denarius - struck 153-154 ADobv: FAVSTINA AVG P II F (draped bust right)
rev: CONCORDIA (Concordia seated left, holding flower & resting left arm on cornucopiae set on globe below seat)
ref: RIC III 502a (Ant.Pius), C.54 (6frcs)
3.45gms, 18mm
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faustinaII sest-RIC1387(AntPius).jpg
145-161 AD - FAUSTINA Junior molded sestertius - struck 145-161 AD obv: FAVSTINA AVG P II AVG (draped bust right)
rev: VENVS / S.C. (Venus holding an apple & cornucopiae)
ref: not in RIC, similar to RIC III 1387 (Ant.Pius)
30.86gms, 33mm

The molded roman AE coins usually called 'Limes falsa' coins, because they were produced on the fringes of the Empire. 'Limes falsa' are immitations of bronze denominations like As, Dupondius or Sestertius.
This sestertius was used in Pannonia Inferior (here was found).
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FaustJrMoush2529.jpg
146-175/6 AD - Faustina Jr. - Moushmov 2529 - Concordia ReverseEmpress: Faustina Jr. (r. 146-175/6 AD)
Date: 146-175/6 AD
Condition: aFine
Size: AE22

Obverse: ΦAΥCTEINA CEBACTN
Faustina Augusta
Bust right

Reverse: AΔΡIANOΠ - OΛEITΩN
Concordia standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae.

Mint: Hadrianopolis, Thrace
Moushmov 2529
4.80g; 22.5mm; 210°
Pep
FaustJrMoush2984.jpg
146-175/6 AD - Faustina Jr. - Moushmov 2984 - Standing Woman ReverseEmpress: Faustina Junior (r. 146-175/6 AD)
Date: 146-175/6 AD
Condition: Fine
Size: AE25

Obverse: ΦAYCTEINA CEBACTH
Faustina Augusta
Bust right

Reverse: AYΓOYCTHC TPAIANHC
Woman with turreted crown standing, holding in right hand patera and in left hand - scepter.
Mint: Augusta Traiana, Thrace

Moushmov 2984
8.76g; 25.9mm; 30°
Pep
lucilla sestertius.jpg
161-169 AD - LUCILLA AE sestertiusobv: LVCILLA AVGVSTA (draped bust right)
rev: FECVNDITAS / S.C. (Fecunditas - or Lucilla seated right, nursing child in arms, two children at feet)
ref: RIC III 1736 (M.Aurelius), Cohen 21, BMC 1197
22.42g, 26-28mm
Scarce

Annia Lucilla, daughter of Marcus Aurelius and Faustina Junior, wife of Lucius Verus. She conspired against Commodus, by whom she was exiled to Capreae, where she was put to death (perhaps together Crispina in 183 AD).
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faustinaII dup.jpg
161-176 AD - FAUSTINA Junior AE dupondius or as - struck 161-176 ADobv: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA (diademed bust right)
rev: VE-NVS (Venus standing facing, head right, drawing back cloak with right hand over right shoulder and holding apple in extended left hand), S-C across field
ref: reverse RIC III 1770 (Marcus Aurelius)
11.38gms, 26mm
Rare - not in RIC

A nice hybrid Dupondius or orichalcum As with Faustina Junior obverse and Lucilla reverse. Thanks to Rupert for identify.
berserker
faustinaII sest2.jpg
161-176 AD - FAUSTINA Junior AE sestertius - struck 161-176 ADobv: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA (draped bust right wearing circlet of pearls)
rev: IVNONI REGINAE (Juno, veiled, standing left, holding patera & scepter; peacock standing left at feet, head reverted), S-C in field
ref: RIC III 1651 (M.Aurelius), Cohen 142, BMC 919
22.51gms, 29mm
berserker
faustinaII sest.jpg
161-176 AD - FAUSTINA Junior AE sestertius - struck 161-176 ADobv: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA (bust right with circlet of pearls )
rev: IVNO / S.C. (Juno standing left holding patera & scepter, peacock at foot)
ref: RIC III 1645 (M.Aurelius), C.121(8fr.)
21.31gms, 33mm
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faustina2 RIC744(M.Aurelius).jpg
161-176 AD - FAUSTINA Junior AR denarius - struck 176-180 ADobv: DIVA FAV-STINA PIA (draped bust right)
rev: CONSEC-RATIO (peacock standing right)
ref: RIC III 744 (M.Aurelius), C.71
3.12gms, 18mm

History: Faustina junior accompanied her husband, Aurelius on his journey to the east in 175, and died at Halala, a village at the foot of the Taurus Mountains.
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faustina2 RIC745(M.Aurelius).jpg
161-176 AD - FAUSTINA Junior AR denarius - struck 176-180 ADobv: DIVA FAVSTINA PIA (draped bust right)
rev: CONSECRATIO (throne with scepter across it, peacock below & standing right)
ref: RIC III 745 (M.Aurelius), RSC 73 (3frcs) , BMC 723
2.10gms, 18mm
Scarcer type
berserker
faustinaII RIC1706.jpg
161-176 AD - FAUSTINA Junior sestertius - struck 176-180 ADobv: DIVA FAVSTINA PIA (draped bust right)
rev: CONSECRATIO (large altar decorated with palms), S-C in field
ref: RIC III 1706 (M.Aurelius), Cohen 76 (10frcs), BMC 1579
21.31gms, 29mm
Scarce
berserker
rjb_fjun2_08_06.jpg
161aFaustina Junior
AE 22 mm
Ephesus in Ionia
Rev Nike walking left
mauseus
rjb_fjun1_08_06.jpg
161aFaustina junior
AR denarius
Obv "FAVSTINA AVGVSTA"
Diademed and draped bust right
Rev "IVNONI REGINAE"
Juno seated left, peacock at feet
Rome mint
RIC 698
mauseus
rjb_2009_10_01.jpg
161aFaustina junior
AE sestertius
Obv "FAVSTINA AVGVSTA"
Diademed and draped bust right
Rev "FECVNDITAS SC"
Fecunditas standing right holding staff and child
Rome mint
RIC 1638
mauseus
rjb_2011_09_05.jpg
161aFaustina junior
AE as
Obv "FAVSTINA AVGVSTA"
Diademed and draped bust right
Rev "LAETITIA SC"
Laetitia standing left holding staff and wreath
Rome mint
RIC 1656
2 commentsmauseus
rjb_2014_08_02_ric686.jpg
161aFaustina junior
AR denarius
Obv "FAVSTINA AVGVSTA"
Draped bust right
Rev "HILARITAS"
Hilaritas standing left holding branch and cornucopia
Rome mint
RIC 686
mauseus
rjb_2017_07_s20a.jpg
161aFaustina II (“Junior”)
Sestertius
Rome mint
Obv: FAVSTINA AVG PII AVG FIL
Draped bust left
Rev: VENVS SC
Venus standing left holding apple and sceptre
BMC 2185 note, citing Hess, Lucerne, 15 Feb. 1934, lot 698 (same obv. die, different rev. die).
Strack 1322, citing Hess Lucerne 211, 9 May 1932, lot 1014, which is the same coin as the one in their 1934 sale cited by BMC.
1 commentsmauseus
rjb_2024_03_02.jpg
161aFaustina II (“Junior”)
Sestertius
Rome mint
Obv: FAVSTINA AVG ANTONINI AVG PII FIL
Draped bust right
Rev: VENVS SC
Venus standing left holding apple and vertical sceptre
RIC 1387
3 commentsmauseus
rjb_2024_03_01.jpg
161aFaustina Junior
AE 22 mm
Pautalia in Thrace
Rev Hygea standing right feeding serpent in arms
Ruzicka 116
mauseus
FaustinaJR.jpg
17a Faustina Junior RIC 496Faustina Junior. Augusta 146 - Winter 175/176 A.D. AR Denarius. Struck under Antoninus Pius. Wife of Marcus Aurelius (2.77g; 17.41mm) Obv: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, draped bust right. Rev: AVGVSTI PII FIL, Concordia standing left holding patera and cornucopia.
RIC 496; RSC 21
Paddy
182_-_Crispus.jpg
182 - CRISPVSFlavius Julius Crispus was the eldest son of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great. He was appointed junior emperor (caesar) in 317, only to be executed by his father 9 years later under mysterious circumstances.

for obverse, reverse and coin details click here
shanxi
188_-_Constantius_Gallus.jpg
188 - CONSTANTINVS GALLVSFlavius Claudius Constantius Gallus was a Roman emperor in the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire from 351 to 354, as a junior colleague (caesar) of the augustus, his cousin Constantius II.

for obverse, reverse and coin details click here
shanxi
George_5_H_Penny_1912.JPG
1912 "H" GEORGE V "Large head" AE PennyObverse: GEORGIVS V DEI GRA:BRITT:OMN:REX FID:DEF:IND:IMP: . Bare head of George V facing left.
Reverse: ONE PENNY. Britannia seated facing right, right hand resting on shield, left hand holding trident; 1912 and small "H" (for Heaton) in exergue.
SPINK: 4052
SCARCE

George V's portrait was designed by Bertram Mackennal (1863 - 1931), this is marked by a small "BM" on the King's neck.

The Heaton Mint in Birmingham was founded in 1850 by Ralph Heaton Junior using second-hand equipment purchased from Matthew Boulton's old Soho Mint. Ralph Heaton pioneered the modern mill striking of bronze coins, and in 1860 he was contracted by the Royal Mint to assist it in striking Britain's new bronze penny, half-penny and farthing issues. The Birmingham Mint continued striking these bronze issues for the Royal Mint off and on until the 1880s.
In 1912, the Royal Mint once again subcontracted the Birmingham Mint to strike enough British pennies to meet the demand, and those pennies carry a small 'H' (for Heaton) mintmark to the left of the date on the reverse. During the First World War, the Birmingham Mint was employed in other aspects of metalwork, producing brass and copper tubing for bullets and artillery rounds, but was again contracted to strike more Heaton pennies in 1918 and 1919.
*Alex
AgrippinaObol.jpg
1aq Agrippina juniorMarried Claudius 49 AD

Diobol of Alexandria

Draped bust right, wreathed with corn, hair bound in plait behind, AGRIPPEINA CЄBACTH
Draped bust of Euthenia right, wreathed with corn, holding ears of corn, ЄYQH-NIA across fields, L-IB below

Milne 124

Agrippina the Younger, Julia Agrippina, or Agrippinilla (Little Agrippina) after 50 AD known as Julia Augusta Agrippina (c16 AD –59) was sister of Caligula, niece and fourth wife of Claudius and the mother of Nero. In 28, Tiberius arranged for Agrippina to marry her paternal second cousin Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus. Their only son was named Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, after Domitius’s recently deceased father. This child would become the Emperor Nero. In 39, Agrippina and her sister Livilla, with their maternal cousin, Drusilla’s widower, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, were involved in a failed plot to murder Caligula, and make Lepidus emperor. Lepidus was executed. Agrippina and Livilla were exiled by their brother to the Pontine Islands.

Suetonius says, "But it was Agrippina the Younger, his brother Germanicus’s daughter, who ensnared him, assisted by a niece’s privilege of exchanging kisses and endearments. At the next Senate meeting, he primed a group of Senators to propose that he ought to marry Agrippina, as it was in the public interest, and that such marriages between uncle and niece should from then on be regarded as lawful, and no longer incestuous. He married her (AD 49) with barely a day’s delay, but only one freedman and one leading centurion married their respective nieces, to follow suit. Claudius himself, with Agrippina, attended the centurion’s wedding."

The Euthenia reverse reminds one of "euthanasia." which is what some suspect she did to Claudius to elevate her son Nero to the purple.
Blindado
FaustinaIIAsJuno.jpg
1bk Faustina JuniorWife of Marcus Aurelius. 131-176

As
Draped bust, left, FAVSTINA AVG PII AVG FIL
Juno seated left holding the three graces and scepter, peacock at feet, IVNO SC

The daughter of Antoninus Pius, wife of Aurelius, and mother of Commodus, Faustina had a box seat to witness the end of the Golden Age. She bore Aurelius at least 13 children and accompanied him on his military campaigns, yet years later had her reputation impuned for alleged adultery.

The reverse is RIC 1400, for which only right-facing busts are listed.

From Curtis Clay: "This is a rev. type that used to be very rare, even with bust right, but quite a few specimens have emerged from Bulgaria since the fall of the Iron Curtain.

I had a specimen with bust left myself, acquired from Baldwin's c. 1970, which is now in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.

A VF specimen with bust left, from the same dies as yours, was in CNG E54, 4 Dec. 2002, 145 = CNG 57, 4 April 2001, 1292.

Still an interesting and scarce reverse type, and rare with bust left, a variety that is hard to find on any Roman coin of Faustina II !" Thank you, Curtis!
Blindado
LucillaSestVenus.jpg
1bm LucillaWife of Lucius Verus, executed 182 AD

Sestertius
Draped bust, right, LVCILLAE AVG ANTONINI AVG F
Venus standing facing left holding apple, drawing out robe, VENUS

RIC 1767

Daughter of Marcus Aurelius and Faustina Junior, she married Lucius Verus in 164.

According to Herodian: For the present, however, the memory of his father and his respect for his advisers held Commodus in check. But then a disastrous stroke of ill fortune completely altered his previously mild, moderate disposition. It happened this way. The oldest of the emperor's sisters was Lucilla. She had formerly been married to Lucius Verus Caesar. . . . But after Lucius died, Lucilla, who retained all the privileges of her imperial position, was married by her father to Pompeianus.

Commodus, too, allowed his sister to retain the imperial honors; she continued to occupy the imperial seat at the theaters, and the sacred fire was carried before her. But when Commodus married Crispina, custom demanded that the front seat at the theater be assigned to the empress. Lucilla found this difficult to endure, and felt that any honor paid to the empress was an insult to her; but since she was well aware that her husband Pompeianus was devoted to Commodus, she told him nothing about her plans to seize control of the empire. Instead, she tested the sentiments of a wealthy young nobleman, Quadratus, with whom she was rumored to be sleeping in secret. Complaining constantly about this matter of imperial precedence, she soon persuaded the young man to set in motion a plot which brought destruction upon himself and the entire senate.

Quadratus, in selecting confederates among the prominent senators, prevailed upon Quintianus, a bold and reckless young senator, to conceal a dagger beneath his robe and, watching for a suitable time and place, to stab Commodus; as for the rest, he assured Quintianus that he would set matters straight by bribes.

But the assassin, standing in the entrance to the amphitheater (it was dark there and he hoped to escape detection), drew his dagger and shouted at Commodus that he had been sent by the Senate to kill him. Quintianus wasted time making his little speech and waving his dagger; as a result, he was seized by the emperor's bodyguards before he could strike, and died for his stupidity in revealing the plot prematurely.

This was the initial reason for the young emperor's hatred of the Senate. He took Quintianus' words to heart and, ever mindful of what his attacker had said, now considered the entire Senate his collective enemy.

This incident also gave Perennis sufficient excuse for taking action, for he was always advising the emperor to eliminate and destroy the prominent men. By confiscating their property, Perennis easily made himself the richest man of his time. After the attempt at assassination had been thoroughly investigated by the prefect, Commodus without mercy put to death his sister, all those actually involved in the plot, and any who were under the slightest suspicion as well.
3 commentsBlindado
coin247.JPG
309. GallienusOne of the key characteristics of the Crisis of the Third Century was the inability of the Emperors to maintain their hold on the Imperium for any marked length of time. An exception to this rule was the reign of the Emperor Gallienus. The fact that Gallienus served as junior Emperor with his father, Valerian, from 253 to 260 may have had something to do with his successes. Father and son each wielded his authority over a smaller area, thus allowing for more flexible control and imperial presence. Another, more probable reason, lay in Gallienus's success in convincing Rome that he was the best man for the job. However, Gallienus had to handle many rebellions of the so-called "Gallienus usurpers".

In 260, Valerian was taken prisoner by Sapor, King of Persia while trying to negotiate a peace settlement. Although aware that his father had been taken alive (the only Emperor to have suffered this fate), Gallienus did not make public Valerian's death until a year later. His decision hinged on the fact that Romans believed that their fate rose and fell with the fate of the Emperor, which in turn depended upon his demonstrating the proper amount of piety (Latin pietas) to the gods and maintaining their favor. A defeated Emperor would surely have meant that the gods had forsaken Valerian and, by extension, Gallienus.

Gallienus's chief method of reinforcing his position is seen in the coinage produced during his reign (see Roman currency). The coinage provides clear evidence of a successful propaganda campaign. Gallienus took pains to make sure that he was regularly represented as victorious, merciful, and pious. The people who used these coins on a daily basis saw these messages and, with little evidence to the contrary, remained supportive of their Emperor.

There were, however, those who knew better. During Gallienus' reign, there was constant fighting on the western fringes of the Empire. As early as 258, Gallienus had lost control over a large part of Gaul, where another general, Postumus, had declared his own realm (typically known today as the Gallic Empire). As Gallienus' influence waned, another general came to the fore. In time-honored tradition, Claudius II Gothicus gained the loyalty of the army and succeeded Gallienus to the Imperium.

In the months leading up to his mysterious death in September of 268, Gallienus was ironically orchestrating the greatest achievements of his reign. An invasion of Goths into the province of Pannonia was leading to disaster and even threatening Rome, while at the same time, the Alamanni were raising havoc in the northern part of Italy. Gallienus halted the Allamanic progress by defeating them in battle in April of 268, then turned north and won several victories over the Goths. That fall, he turned on the Goths once again, and in September, either he or Claudius, his leading general, led the Roman army to victory (although the cavalry commander Aurelian was the real victor) at the Battle of Naissus.

At some time following this battle, Gallienus was murdered during the siege of usurper Aureolus in Mediolanum; many theories abound that Claudius and Aurelian conspired to have the emperor killed. Be that as it may, Claudius spared the lives of Gallienus' family — Gallienus' wife, Iulia Cornelia Salonina, had given him three sons: Valerianus (who died in 258), Saloninus (died in 260 after becoming co-emperor), and Egnatius Marinianus — and had the emperor deified.

Gallienus Antoninianus - Minerva
OBVERSE: GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, cuirassed bust right
REVERSE: MINERVA AVG, Minerva standing right with spear and shield.
23mm - 3.7 grams
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RIC_438_Denario_Antonino_Pio.jpg
31-08a - ANTONINO PIO (138 - 161 D.C)Acuñación realizada por Marco Aurelio y Lucio Vero en honor de Antonino Pío Divo.
Ar denario 19 mm 3.1 gr.

Anv: "DIVUS ANTONINVS” – Cabeza desnuda viendo a derecha, con ropajes en su hombro izquierdo.
Rev: "CONSECRATIO" – Crematorium piramidal de 4 pisos, con la base enguirnaldada, la puerta en segundo nivel, el ápice coronado por una cuadriga vista de frente.
El Crematorium construido por Antonino Pio ya había aparecido dos décadas antes en la acuñación póstuma de su esposa, Faustina Senior. Sus restos se han descubierto cerca de la Plaza Montecitorio, el oeste del corso, en Regio IX. La estructura similar mostrada en el 169 D.C. y 176 D.C. en la acuñación de Divo Lucio Vero y Diva Faustina Junior puede representar este mismo edificio, aunque más probablemente parece que estos reversos representarían el Crematorium de Marco Aurelio que aparecería más tarde en su propia acuñación póstuma emitida por Commodo (Sear).

Ceca: Roma - Italia
Acuñada: 161 D.C.
Rareza: Común

Referencias: RIC Vol.III #438 Pag.247 - DVM #135 Pag.141 - Sear RCTV Vol.II #5193 Pag.335 – BMCRE IV #60/3 Pag.394 –RSC Vol. II #164ª Pag.171 - Cohen Vol.II #164 var. Pag.288 – MIR Vol.18 #27
mdelvalle
Denario_Antonino_Pio_RIC_438.jpg
31-09 – ANTONINO PIO (138 – 161 D.C)Acuñación realizada por Marco Aurelio y Lucio Vero en honor de Antonino Pío Divo.
Ar denario 19 mm 3.1 gr.

Anv: "DIVUS ANTONINVS” – Cabeza desnuda viendo a derecha, con ropajes en su hombro izquierdo.
Rev: "CONSECRATIO" – Crematorium piramidal de 4 pisos, con la base enguirnaldada, la puerta en segundo nivel, el ápice coronado por una cuadriga vista de frente.
El Crematorium construido por Antonino Pio ya había aparecido dos décadas antes en la acuñación póstuma de su esposa, Faustina Senior. Sus restos se han descubierto cerca de la Plaza Montecitorio, el oeste del corso, en Regio IX. La estructura similar mostrada en el 169 D.C. y 176 D.C. en la acuñación de Divo Lucio Vero y Diva Faustina Junior puede representar este mismo edificio, aunque más probablemente parece que estos reversos representarían el Crematorium de Marco Aurelio que aparecería más tarde en su propia acuñación póstuma emitida por Commodo (Sear).

Ceca: Roma - Italia
Acuñada: 161 D.C.
Rareza: Común

Referencias: RIC Vol.III #438 Pag.247 - DVM #135 Pag.141 - Sear RCTV Vol.II #5193 Pag.335 – BMCRE Vol.4 #60 –RSC Vol. II #164ª Pag.171 - Cohen Vol.II #164 var. Pag.288 – MIR Vol.18 #27
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coin254.JPG
313. Tetricus ICaius Pius Esuvius Tetricus was emperor of the Gallic Empire from 270/271 to 273, following the murder of Victorinus. Tetricus, who ruled with his son, Tetricus II, was the last of the Gallic Emperors.

Tetricus was born to a noble family and held the administrative rank of praeses provinciae (provincial governor) of Aquitania at the time of Victorinus' death. Victorinus' mother, Victoria, paid the army heavily to declare Tetricus emperor near Burdigalia (Bordeaux, France), which was approved in Gaul and Britain. Following his appointment, Tetricus repelled Germanic tribes that took advantage of the confusion following the death of Victorinus to invade.

Tetricus installed his capital at Augusta Treverorum (present Trier, Germany, near the vital Rhine border, hence later seat of a Tetrarch) and appointed his son, Tetricus II, Caesar, i.e. junior emperor (273). Tetricus made no attempts to expand the Gallic Empire, other than southward, regaining Aquitania (which had rejoined the Roman empire during the reign of Claudius Gothicus).

In 273, Emperor Aurelian set out to reconquer the western Roman empire, following his victories in the east. Tetricus took his army southward from Trier to meet Aurelian, who was advancing into northern Gaul. The decisive battle took place near Châlons-sur-Marne, where Tetricus and his son surrendered to Aurelian.

According to literary sources, after being displayed as trophies at Aurelian's triumph in Rome, the lives of Tetricus and his son were spared by Aurelian and Tetricus was even given the title of corrector Lucaniae et Bruttiorum, that is governor of a region of Italia. Tetricus died at an unknown date living in Italy; he is listed as one of Rome's Thirty Tyrants in the Historia Augusta.
ecoli
ConIIVIIConst138.jpg
316-337 AD - Constantine II as Caesar - RIC VII Constantinople 138 - GLORIA EXERCITVSCaesar: Constantine II (Caes. 316-337 AD)
Date: 336-337 AD
Condition: Fair/Fine
Size: AE4

Obverse: CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C
Constantine Junior Noble Caesar
Bust right; laureate and cuirassed

Reverse: GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS
Glory of the Army.
Two soldiers standing and facing one another, spear in outer hand, inner hand on shield resting on ground, one standard between them.
Exergue: CONS? (Constantinople mint, unknown officina)

RIC VII Constantinople 138; VM 46
1.13g; 15.8mm; 15°
Pep
ConIIVIICyz52.jpg
ConIIVIISis220_2.jpg
316-337 AD - Constantine II as Caesar - RIC VII Siscia 220 - GLORIA EXERCITVS - 2nd ExampleCaesar: Constantine II (Caes. 316-337 AD)
Date: 330-333 AD
Condition: Fine
Size: AE3

Obverse: CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C
Constantine Junior Noble Caesar
Bust right; laureate and cuirassed

Reverse: GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS
Glory of the Army.
Two soldiers standing and facing one another, spear in outer hand, inner hand on shield resting on ground, two standards between them.
Exergue: ESIS (Siscia mint, fifth officina)

RIC VII Siscia 220; VM 45
1.77g; 18.6mm; 195°
Pep
ConIIVIIThes128.jpg
316-337 AD - Constantine II as Caesar - RIC VII Thessalonica 128 - CAESARVM NOSTRORVMCaesar: Constantine II (Caes. 316-337 AD)
Date: 324 AD
Condition: Fair
Size: AE3

Obverse: CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C
Constantine Junior Noble Caesar
Bust left; laureate, draped and cuirassed

Reverse: CAESARVM NOSTRORVM
Laurel wreath enclosing VOT / X.
The Prince of our people offers vows so that he may serve for a prosperous ten years.
Exergue: TSBVI (Thessalonica mint, second officina)

RIC VII Thessalonica 128; VM 32
2.66g; 18.9mm; 345°
Pep
coin398.JPG
322. NumerianMarcus Aurelius Numerius Numerianus was the younger son of the later emperor Carus, born in about AD 253.
Numerian and his elder brother Carinus were raised to the rank of Caesar in AD 282, soon after their father became emperor.

In AD 282 Numerian accompanied his father to the Danube to defeat the Sarmatians and the Quadi.
Then in December AD 282 or January AD 283 Carus took Numerian with him on his expedition against the Persians to re-conquer Mesopotamia. Meanwhile Carinus stayed in Rome to rule the west.

When Carus died, Numerian succeeded him, thereby becoming joint emperor with his brother Carinus who had been granted the rank of Augustus shortly before Carus' death.

At first, immediately after his father's death, Numerian sought to continue the Persian campaign.
Apparently this was much favoured by Arrius Aper, the prefect of the praetorians and suspect in Carus' death. Conditions for war were favourable. The Persian side was still thought to be weak. But Numerian's initial efforts were not followed by success.
Numerian was to all effect appeared more of an intellectual than a man of war. He wrote poetry, some of which won him critical acclaim in his day.
This lack of ruthless military talent might well have been the reason why Carinus alone had been promoted Augustus, while Numerian remained Caeasar (junior emperor).
And so, after these initial setbacks, Numerian decided it unwise to continue the war.
He sought instead to return back to Rome and the army was not displeased to pull back into Syria were it spent the winter of AD 283.
Thereafter the army set out on its march back west through Asia Minor (Turkey).
Numerian fell ill near Nicomedia, suffering from an eye disease, which he might have caught while still on campaign in Mesopotamia with his father. The illness was explained with severe exhaustion (Today it is believed this was a serious eye infection. This left him partly blind and he had to be carried in a litter.

Somewhere at this time it is believed Arrius Aper, Numerian's own father in-law, had him killed. It;s widely believed that Aper hoped that it would be assumed that Numerian had simply succumbed to his illness and that he, the praetorian prefect, would succeed to the throne in his place.
But why he should have kept up the charade that Numerian was still alive remains a mystery. Perhaps he was waiting for he right moment.
For several days the death went unnoticed, the litter being carried along as usual. Soldiers inquired about their emperor's health and were reassured by Aper, that all was well and that Numerian simply was too ill to appear in public.

Eventually though the stench of the corpse became too much. Numerian's death was revealed and the soldiers realized that Rome had lost yet another emperor (AD 284).

Had it been Aper who hoped to fill the vacancy, then it was Diocletian (still known as Diocles at the time), commander of the imperial bodyguard, who emerged the victor. It was Diocletian who was made emperor by the troops after Numerian's death. It was he who sentenced Aper to death and even executed the sentence himself. Therefore it was he who, benefited most from the deaths of Carus and Numerian. And in his role as body guard he held a key position, enabling him to prevent or enable any action against the emperor. Hence it is unlikely that Diocletian did not have anything to do with the murder of Numerian.

Numerian Antoninianus / Numerian with globe and spear

Attribution: RIC 361
Date: 282-283 AD
Obverse: M AVR NVMERIANVS NOB C, radiate bust r.
Reverse: PRINCIPI IVVENTVT, Numerian l. holding globe and spear
Size: 22.39 mm
Weight: 3.5 grams
Description: A nice ant of a scarcer emperor while serving as Caesar
ecoli
Denario_Faustina_II_RIC_702.jpg
34-05 - FAUSTINA HIJA (147 - 176 D.C.)AR Denario 18.3 mm 3.24 gr.
Hija de Antonino Pio y Faustina, esposa de Marco Aurelio

Anv: "FAVSTINA AVGVSTA" - Busto con diadema y vestido viendo a derecha.
Rev: "LAETITIA" - Laetitia de pié a der., portando largo cetro inclinado en mano der. y corona de laureles en izq.

Acuñada 156 - 175 D.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: S

Referencias: RIC Vol.III #702 Pag.270 - Sear RCTV Vol.II #5258 Pag.344 - BMCRE #127 - Cohen Vol.III #153 Pag.148 - DVM #152c Pag.224 - MIR #26
mdelvalle
RIC_702_Denario_Faustina_Jr_.jpg
34-05 - FAUSTINA Jr. (147 - 176 D.C.)AR Denario 18.3 mm 3.24 gr.
Hija de Antonino Pio y Faustina, esposa de Marco Aurelio

Anv: "FAVSTINA AVGVSTA" - Busto con diadema y vestido viendo a derecha.
Rev: "LAETITIA" - Laetitia de pié a der., portando largo cetro inclinado en mano der. y corona de laureles en izq.

Acuñada 156 - 175 D.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: S

Referencias: RIC Vol.III #702 Pag.270 - Sear RCTV Vol.II #5258 Pag.344 - BMCRE IV #127 Pag.402 (Plate 55 #16) - Cohen Vol.III #153 Pag.148 - DVM #152c Pag.224 - MIR #26
mdelvalle
AS o Dupondio FAUSTINA II RIC 1405a.jpg
34-12 - FAUSTINA HIJA (147 - 176 D.C.)AE Dupondio 25 mm 12.6 gr.
Hija de Antonino Pio y Faustina, esposa de Marco Aurelio

Anv: "FAVSTINA AVG PII AVG FIL" - Busto con rodete viendo a derecha.
Rev: "S C" - Diana de pié a izquierda portando una flecha en la mano derecha y descansando su cuerpo sobre la izquierda apoyada sobre su arco.

Acuñada 154 - 156 D.C.
Emisión realizada por su padre Antonino Pio
Ceca: Roma

Referencias: RIC Vol.III (Antonino Pio) #1405a Pag.194 - Sear RCTV Vol.II (Antonino Pio) #4733 Pag.286 - BMCRE #2191 - Cohen Vol.III #207 Pag.153 - DVM #52a Pag.154
mdelvalle
RIC_1405a_Dupondio_Faustina_Jr.jpg
34-12 - FAUSTINA HIJA (147 - 176 D.C.)AE Dupondio 25 mm 12.6 gr.
Hija de Antonino Pio y Faustina, esposa de Marco Aurelio

Anv: "FAVSTINA AVG PII AVG FIL" - Busto con rodete viendo a derecha.
Rev: "S C" - Diana de pié a izquierda portando una flecha en la mano derecha y descansando su cuerpo sobre la izquierda apoyada sobre su arco.

Acuñada 154 - 156 D.C.
Emisión realizada por su padre Antonino Pio
Ceca: Roma

Referencias: RIC Vol.III (Antonino Pio) #1405a Pag.194 - Sear RCTV Vol.II (Antonino Pio) #4733 Pag.286 - BMCRE IV #2191 Pag.380 - Cohen Vol.III #207 Pag.153 - DVM #52a Pag.154
mdelvalle
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