| Image search results - "IVLIANVS" |
JULIAN II - AR Siliqua - 361-363 AD - Mint of Lugdvnvm
Obv.: FL CL IVLIANVS P P AVG
Pearl diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev.: VOTIS V MVLTIS X. In ex. PLVG
Legend in three lines within wreath
g. 1,9 mm. 17
Cohen 163, RIC 227 Maxentius
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JULIAN II - AE1 - 361-363 - Mint of Antioch
Obv.: D N FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG
Pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev.: SECVRITAS REIPVB
Bull standing right, two stars above; (palm) ANTB (palm).
Maxentius
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JVLIAN II - AE3 - 361-363 AD. Constantinople mint
Obv.: DN FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG, diademed, helmeted, cuirassed bust left with sheild and spear
Rev.: VOT X MVLT XX, four lines in laurel wreath, (dot) CONSPB (branch) in ex.
Gs.: 3,3 mm. 20,6
RIC 167Maxentius
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JVLIAN II AE3 - 361-363 AD. - Rome mint
Obv.: DN FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG, diademed, helmeted, cuirassed bust left with sheild and spear
Rev.: VOT X MVLT XX, four lines in laurel wreath, VRB ROMP in ex.
Gs. 2,9 mm. 22,5
RIC 329Maxentius
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JVLIAN II - AE3 - 355/360 - Aquileia mint
Obv.: D N CL IVLIANVS NOB CAES, draped & cuirassed bust right
Rev.: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier spearing fallen horseman. AQT in ex.
Gs. 2,5 mm. 16,7
RIC 213Maxentius
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Julian II, AE3 Constantinople RIC 167, 361-363 CE Obverse: DN FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG, helmeted and cuirassed bust right, holding spear forward and shield.
Reverse: VOT X MVLT XX in four lines across field within wreath.
Dot CONSPB (palm) in ex. RIC VIII 167. 18.5 mm, 3.4 g.NORMAN K
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Julian II RIC 370 Siscia, 355-360 CEObverse: DN IVLIANVS NOB CAES, bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: FEL TEMP-REPARATIO, soldier standing left, spearing fallen horseman who is wearing Phrygian helmet, reaching backwards, M to left, DSIS-Zigzag in ex
RIC VIII Siscia 370, 16.9 mm., 2.2 g.NORMAN K
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JULIAN II, RIC VIII 108 Sirmium Julian II, 361-363 CE. Æ 20.5 mm., 3.3 g. Sirmium mint.
Obverse: DN FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG, helmeted and cuirassed bust right, holding spear forward and shield.
Reverse: VOT X MVLT XX in four lines across field within wreath; ASIRM.; LRBC 1619. hard green patinaNORMAN K
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Julian II, RIC VIII 210 ThessalonicaJulian II "the Apostate," February 360 - 26 June 363 A.D.
Bronze AE 2
Obverse: DN FL CL IVLIANVS PF AVG, pearl diademed and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield.
Reverse: VOT X MVLT XX in four lines within wreath.
SMTS in ex. Thessalonica mint, 20.6 mm, 3.0 g.
NORMAN K
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Julian II, RIC VIII 315 RomeJulian II, AE, Rome.
Obverse: DN CL IVL IVLIANVS NC, bare-headed, cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier standing left, one kneeraised, spearing a fallen horseman who is looking left,reaching backwards, wearing Phrygian helmet.
Mintmark R dot M dot S. 16mm, 2.4 g.
NORMAN K
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Julian II, RIC VIII 376 SisciaJulian II "the Apostate," February 360 - 26 June 363 A.D.
Bronze AE 3, as Caesar 355 - 361 A.D.; Obverse: D N IVLIANVS NOB CAES, cuirassed bust right
Reverse FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier spearing fallen horseman, M in left field, pellet in right.
ΔSISD in ex.,RIC VIII 376 Siscia mint, 2.2g, 16.9mm, scarceNORMAN K
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(0355) JULIAN IICaesar: 355 –360
Augustus: 360 -- 361.
Sole Augustus: 361 –363
struck 360 - 363 AD as Augustus
AE 20 mm 3.69 g
O: [DN FL CL] IVLIANVS PF AVG
HELMETED DIAD DUIR BUST L HOLDING SHIELD AND SPEAR
R: VOT/X/MVLT/XX WITHIN WREATH
BSIRM IN EXE
SIRMIUMlaney
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(0355) JULIAN IIAE 15.5 mm; 1.72 g
O: D N FL CL IVLIANVS NOB CS, draped and cuirassed bust right.
R: SPES REIPVBLICE, emperor standing left holding globe and spear; uncertain mark in left field
Cyzicus mintlaney
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(0355) JULIAN II (as Caesar)Caesar: 355 –360
Augustus: 360 -- 361.
Sole Augustus: 361 –363
AE 15.5 mm, 1.83 g
O: DN CL IVLIANVS NOB CAES, bare headed, draped and cuirassed bust right;
R: SPES REI-PVBLICAE, emperor standing left, helmeted, in military dress, globe in right, spear in left; ASIS in exe.
Siscia Mintlaney
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(0355) JULIAN II (as Caesar)Caesar: 355 –360
Augustus: 360 -- 361.
Sole Augustus: 361 –363
AE 17 mm 2.21 g
O: D N IVLIANVS NOB C bare-headed bust right
R: FEL TEMPO REPARATIO soldier spearing fallen horseman; ESIS in exe.
Siscia mintlaney
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(0355) JULIAN II (as Caesar)Caesar: 355 –360
Augustus: 360 -- 361.
Sole Augustus: 361 –363
AE 17.5 mm 2.37 g
O: D N IVLIANVS NOB CAES; bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier spearing fallen horseman; RBQ iin exe.
Rome mintlaney
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(0355) JULIAN II (as Caesar)Caesar: 355 –360
Augustus: 360 -- 361.
Sole Augustus: 361 –363
AE 18 mm
O: IVLIANVS NOB C; bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO emperor spearing fallen horseman; M in centerlaney
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(0355) JULIAN II (as Caesar)Caesar: 355 –360
Augustus: 360 -- 361.
Sole Augustus: 361 –363
AE 16 mm, 2.12 g
O: IVLIANVS NOB C; bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO emperor spearing fallen horseman;laney
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(0355) JULIAN II THE APOSTATE (as Caesar)Julian II as Caesar
Caesar: 355 –360
Augustus: 360 -- 361.
Sole Augustus: 361 –363
struck 355 - 360 AD (Officina 2)
AE 17.5 mm; 2.33 g
Obv.: FL CL IVLIANVS NOB C / M , his bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust facing right
Rev.: FEL TEMP - REPARATIO helmeted soldier standing l., spearing fallen horseman; horseman, wearing pointed hat, leaning l. on horse, turned r. and raising hand, shield on ground r.; MSLG in exe.
Lugdunum (Lyon) mint
RIC VIII, 191, 200 (R) ; Bastien 248 (3 ex) ; nummus-bible-database.com: only 1 piece, also from officina 2. Rarelaney
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(0355) JULIAN II THE APOSTATE (as Caesar)Caesar: 355 –360
Augustus: 360 -- 361.
Sole Augustus: 361 –363
AE 16.5 mm; 2.25 g
O: D N CL IVLIANVS NOB CAES
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, helmeted soldier left spearing fallen horseman laney
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*SOLD*Julian II AE 1
Attribution: RIC VIII 164, Constantinople, scarce
Date: AD 361-363
Obverse: DN FL CL IVLIANVS PF AVG, pearl diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust r.
Reverse: SECVRITAS REIPVB dot, Apis bull stg. r., two stars above,
palm CONSPA palm in exergue (double struck)
Size: 28.9 mm
Weight: 8.7 grams
ex-ForvmNoah
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004 - Julian II "the Apostate" (360-363 AD), AE 3 - RIC 108Obv: D N FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG, pearldiademed, helmeted and cuirassed bust left, holding spear in right and shield in left hand.
Rev: VOT / X / MVLT / XX within wreath.
Minted in Sirmium (ASIRM in exe), first officina, summer 361 - 26 Jun 363 AD.pierre_p77
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097a03. Julian II The ApostateAE3. 16.7mm, 2.43 g. Siscia, 355-360 AD. Obv: D N IVLIANVS NOB C, draped and cuirassed bust right. Rev: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier standing left, spearing fallen horseman who is wearing Phrygian helmet, reaching backwards, M to left, mintmark ΔSIS Zigzag. RIC 370.
A FORUM coin.lawrence c
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097a07. Julian IIAe. Arelate. Obv: D N FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG. Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right. Rev: SECVRITAS REIPVB / PCONST. Bull standing right; two stars above; to right, eagle, with wreath in beak, standing right on wreath. RIC 319. 8.04 g., 26 mm. Naumann Auc 129, Lot 676.lawrence c
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13 Julian IIJulian II. AE3 355-360 AD. DN IVLIANVS NOB C, bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust right / FEL TEMP-REPARATIO, soldier standing left, spearing fallen horseman who is wearing Phrygian helmet, reaching backwards, M in left field. Mintmark Delta SIS Zigzag. Siscia RIC VIII 370 ScarceRandygeki(h2)
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136a Julian II. AE1 8.9gmobv: DN FL CL IVLIANVS PF AVG pearl dia. drp. cuir. bust r.
rev: SECVRITAS REI PVB bull, head facing, std. r. above two stars
ex: CVZBhill132
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1409a, Julian II "the Philosopher," February 360 - 26 June 363 A.D.Julian II, A.D. 360-363; RIC 167; VF; 2.7g, 20mm; Constantinople mint; Obverse: DN FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG, helmeted & cuirassed bust right, holding spear & shield; Reverse: VOT X MVLT XX in four lines within wreath; CONSPB in exergue; Attractive green patina. Ex Nemesis.
De Imperatoribus Romanis,
An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors
Julian the Apostate (360-363 A.D.)
Walter E. Roberts, Emory University
Michael DiMaio, Jr., Salve Regina University
Introduction
The emperor Flavius Claudius Julianus reigned from 360 to 26 June 363, when he was killed fighting against the Persians. Despite his short rule, his emperorship was pivotal in the development of the history of the later Roman empire. This essay is not meant to be a comprehensive look at the various issues central to the reign of Julian and the history of the later empire. Rather, this short work is meant to be a brief history and introduction for the general reader. Julian was the last direct descendent of the Constantinian line to ascend to the purple, and it is one of history's great ironies that he was the last non-Christian emperor. As such, he has been vilified by most Christian sources, beginning with John Chrysostom and Gregory Nazianzus in the later fourth century. This tradition was picked up by the fifth century Eusebian continuators Sozomen, Socrates Scholasticus, and Theodoret and passed on to scholars down through the 20th century. Most contemporary sources, however, paint a much more balanced picture of Julian and his reign. The adoption of Christianity by emperors and society, while still a vital concern, was but one of several issues that concerned Julian.
It is fortunate that extensive writings from Julian himself exist, which help interpret his reign in the light of contemporary evidence. Still extant are some letters, several panegyrics, and a few satires. Other contemporary sources include the soldier Ammianus Marcellinus' history, correspondence between Julian and Libanius of Antioch, several panegyrics, laws from the Theodosian Code, inscriptions, and coinage. These sources show Julian's emphasis on restoration. He saw himself as the restorer of the traditional values of Roman society. Of course much of this was rhetoric, meant to defend Julian against charges that he was a usurper. At the same time this theme of restoration was central to all emperors of the fourth century. Julian thought that he was the one emperor who could regain what was viewed as the lost glory of the Roman empire. To achieve this goal he courted select groups of social elites to get across his message of restoration. This was the way that emperors functioned in the fourth century. By choosing whom to include in the sharing of power, they sought to shape society.
Early Life
Julian was born at Constantinople in 331. His father was Julius Constantius, half-brother of the emperor Constantine through Constantius Chlorus, and his mother was Basilina, Julius' second wife. Julian had two half-brothers via Julius' first marriage. One of these was Gallus, who played a major role in Julian's life. Julian appeared destined for a bright future via his father's connection to the Constantinian house. After many years of tense relations with his three half-brothers, Constantine seemed to have welcomed them into the fold of the imperial family. From 333 to 335, Constantine conferred a series of honors upon his three half-siblings, including appointing Julius Constantius as one of the consuls for 335. Julian's mother was equally distinguished. Ammianus related that she was from a noble family. This is supported by Libanius, who claimed that she was the daughter of Julius Julianus, a Praetorian Prefect under Licinius, who was such a model of administrative virtue that he was pardoned and honored by Constantine.
Despite the fact that his mother died shortly after giving birth to him, Julian experienced an idyllic early childhood. This ended when Constantius II conducted a purge of many of his relatives shortly after Constantine's death in 337, particularly targeting the families of Constantine's half-brothers. ulian and Gallus were spared, probably due to their young age. Julian was put under the care of Mardonius, a Scythian eunuch who had tutored his mother, in 339, and was raised in the Greek philosophical tradition, and probably lived in Nicomedia. Ammianus also supplied the fact that while in Nicomedia, Julian was cared for by the local bishop Eusebius, of whom the future emperor was a distant relation. Julian was educated by some of the most famous names in grammar and rhetoric in the Greek world at that time, including Nicocles and Hecebolius. In 344 Constantius II sent Julian and Gallus to Macellum in Cappadocia, where they remained for six years. In 351, Gallus was made Caesar by Constantius II and Julian was allowed to return to Nicomedia, where he studied under Aedesius, Eusebius, and Chrysanthius, all famed philosophers, and was exposed to the Neo-Platonism that would become such a prominent part of his life. But Julian was most proud of the time he spent studying under Maximus of Ephesus, a noted Neo-Platonic philospher and theurgist. It was Maximus who completed Julian's full-scale conversion to Neo-Platonism. Later, when he was Caesar, Julian told of how he put letters from this philosopher under his pillows so that he would continue to absorb wisdom while he slept, and while campaigning on the Rhine, he sent his speeches to Maximus for approval before letting others hear them. When Gallus was executed in 354 for treason by Constantius II, Julian was summoned to Italy and essentially kept under house arrest at Comum, near Milan, for seven months before Constantius' wife Eusebia convinced the emperor that Julian posed no threat. This allowed Julian to return to Greece and continue his life as a scholar where he studied under the Neo-Platonist Priscus. Julian's life of scholarly pursuit, however, ended abruptly when he was summoned to the imperial court and made Caesar by Constantius II on 6 November 355.
Julian as Caesar
Constantius II realized an essential truth of the empire that had been evident since the time of the Tetrarchy--the empire was too big to be ruled effectively by one man. Julian was pressed into service as Caesar, or subordinate emperor, because an imperial presence was needed in the west, in particular in the Gallic provinces. Julian, due to the emperor's earlier purges, was the only viable candidate of the imperial family left who could act as Caesar. Constantius enjoined Julian with the task of restoring order along the Rhine frontier. A few days after he was made Caesar, Julian was married to Constantius' sister Helena in order to cement the alliance between the two men. On 1 December 355, Julian journeyed north, and in Augusta Taurinorum he learned that Alamannic raiders had destroyed Colonia Agrippina. He then proceeded to Vienne where he spent the winter. At Vienne, he learned that Augustudunum was also under siege, but was being held by a veteran garrison. He made this his first priority, and arrived there on 24 June 356. When he had assured himself that the city was in no immediate danger, he journeyed to Augusta Treverorum via Autessioduram, and from there to Durocortorum where he rendezvoused with his army. Julian had the army stage a series of punitive strikes around the Dieuse region, and then he moved them towards the Argentoratum/Mongontiacum region when word of barbarian incursions reached him.
From there, Julian moved on to Colonia Agrippina, and negotiated a peace with the local barbarian leaders who had assaulted the city. He then wintered at Senonae. He spent the early part of the campaigning season of 357 fighting off besiegers at Senonae, and then conducting operations around Lugdunum and Tres Tabernae. Later that summer, he encountered his watershed moment as a military general. Ammianus went into great detail about Julian's victory over seven rogue Alamannic chieftains near Argentoratum, and Julian himself bragged about it in his later writing. After this battle, the soldiers acclaimed Julian Augustus, but he rejected this title. After mounting a series of follow-up raids into Alamannic territory, he retired to winter quarters at Lutetia, and on the way defeated some Frankish raiders in the Mosa region. Julian considered this campaign one of the major events of his time as Caesar.
Julian began his 358 military campaigns early, hoping to catch the barbarians by surprise. His first target was the Franks in the northern Rhine region. He then proceeded to restore some forts in the Mosa region, but his soldiers threatened to mutiny because they were on short rations and had not been paid their donative since Julian had become Caesar. After he soothed his soldiers, Julian spent the rest of the summer negotiating a peace with various Alamannic leaders in the mid and lower Rhine areas, and retired to winter quarters at Lutetia. In 359, he prepared once again to carry out a series of punitive expeditions against the Alamanni in the Rhine region who were still hostile to the Roman presence. In preparation, the Caesar repopulated seven previously destroyed cities and set them up as supply bases and staging areas. This was done with the help of the people with whom Julian had negotiated a peace the year before. Julian then had a detachment of lightly armed soldiers cross the Rhine near Mogontiacum and conduct a guerilla strike against several chieftains. As a result of these campaigns, Julian was able to negotiate a peace with all but a handful of the Alamannic leaders, and he retired to winter quarters at Lutetia.
Of course, Julian did more than act as a general during his time as Caesar. According to Ammianus, Julian was an able administrator who took steps to correct the injustices of Constantius' appointees. Ammianus related the story of how Julian prevented Florentius, the Praetorian Prefect of Gaul, from raising taxes, and also how Julian actually took over as governor for the province of Belgica Secunda. Hilary, bishop of Poitiers, supported Ammianus' basic assessment of Julian in this regard when he reported that Julian was an able representative of the emperor to the Gallic provincials. There is also epigraphic evidence to support Julian's popularity amongst the provincial elites. An inscription found near Beneventum in Apulia reads:
"To Flavius Claudius Julianus, most noble and sanctified Caesar, from the caring Tocius Maximus, vir clarissimus, for the care of the res publica from Beneventum".
Tocius Maximus, as a vir clarissimus, was at the highest point in the social spectrum and was a leader in his local community. This inscription shows that Julian was successful in establishing a positive image amongst provincial elites while he was Caesar.
Julian Augustus
In early 360, Constantius, driven by jealousy of Julian's success, stripped Julian of many troops and officers, ostensibly because the emperor needed them for his upcoming campaign against the Persians. One of the legions ordered east, the Petulantes, did not want to leave Gaul because the majority of the soldiers in the unit were from this region. As a result they mutinied and hailed Julian as Augustus at Lutetia. Julian refused this acclamation as he had done at Argentoratum earlier, but the soldiers would have none of his denial. They raised him on a shield and adorned him with a neck chain, which had formerly been the possession of the standard-bearer of the Petulantes and symbolized a royal diadem. Julian appeared reluctantly to acquiesce to their wishes, and promised a generous donative. The exact date of his acclamation is unknown, but most scholars put it in February or March. Julian himself supported Ammianus' picture of a jealous Constantius. In his Letter to the Athenians, a document constructed to answer charges that he was a usurper, Julian stated that from the start he, as Caesar, had been meant as a figurehead to the soldiers and provincials. The real power he claimed lay with the generals and officials already present in Gaul. In fact, according to Julian, the generals were charged with watching him as much as the enemy. His account of the actual acclamation closely followed what Ammianus told us, but he stressed even more his reluctance to take power. Julian claimed that he did so only after praying to Zeus for guidance.
Fearing the reaction of Constantius, Julian sent a letter to his fellow emperor justifying the events at Lutetia and trying to arrange a peaceful solution. This letter berated Constantius for forcing the troops in Gaul into an untenable situation. Ammianus stated that Julian's letter blamed Constantius' decision to transfer Gallic legions east as the reason for the soldiers' rebellion. Julian once again asserted that he was an unwilling participant who was only following the desire of the soldiers. In both of these basic accounts Ammianus and Julian are playing upon the theme of restoration. Implicit in their version of Julian's acclamation is the argument that Constantius was unfit to rule. The soldiers were the vehicle of the gods' will. The Letter to the Athenians is full of references to the fact that Julian was assuming the mantle of Augustus at the instigation of the gods. Ammianus summed up this position nicely when he related the story of how, when Julian was agonizing over whether to accept the soldiers' acclamation, he had a dream in which he was visited by the Genius (guardian spirit) of the Roman state. The Genius told Julian that it had often tried to bestow high honors upon Julian but had been rebuffed. Now, the Genius went on to say, was Julian's final chance to take the power that was rightfully his. If the Caesar refused this chance, the Genius would depart forever, and both Julian and the state would rue Julian's rejection. Julian himself wrote a letter to his friend Maximus of Ephesus in November of 361 detailing his thoughts on his proclamation. In this letter, Julian stated that the soldiers proclaimed him Augustus against his will. Julian, however, defended his accession, saying that the gods willed it and that he had treated his enemies with clemency and justice. He went on to say that he led the troops in propitiating the traditional deities, because the gods commanded him to return to the traditional rites, and would reward him if he fulfilled this duty.
During 360 an uneasy peace simmered between the two emperors. Julian spent the 360 campaigning season continuing his efforts to restore order along the Rhine, while Constantius continued operations against the Persians. Julian wintered in Vienne, and celebrated his Quinquennalia. It was at this time that his wife Helena died, and he sent her remains to Rome for a proper burial at his family villa on the Via Nomentana where the body of her sister was entombed. The uneasy peace held through the summer of 361, but Julian concentrated his military operations around harassing the Alamannic chieftain Vadomarius and his allies, who had concluded a peace treaty with Constantius some years earlier. By the end of the summer, Julian decided to put an end to the waiting and gathered his army to march east against Constantius. The empire teetered on the brink of another civil war. Constantius had spent the summer negotiating with the Persians and making preparations for possible military action against his cousin. When he was assured that the Persians would not attack, he summoned his army and sallied forth to meet Julian. As the armies drew inexorably closer to one another, the empire was saved from another bloody civil war when Constantius died unexpectedly of natural causes on 3 November near the town of Mopsucrenae in Cilicia, naming Julian -- the sources say-- as his legitimate successor.
Julian was in Dacia when he learned of his cousin's death. He made his way through Thrace and came to Constantinople on 11 December 361 where Julian honored the emperor with the funeral rites appropriate for a man of his station. Julian immediately set about putting his supporters in positions of power and trimming the imperial bureaucracy, which had become extremely overstaffed during Constantius' reign. Cooks and barbers had increased during the late emperor's reign and Julian expelled them from his court. Ammianus gave a mixed assessment of how the new emperor handled the followers of Constantius. Traditionally, emperors were supposed to show clemency to the supporters of a defeated enemy. Julian, however, gave some men over to death to appease the army. Ammianus used the case of Ursulus, Constantius' comes sacrum largitionum, to illustrate his point. Ursulus had actually tried to acquire money for the Gallic troops when Julian had first been appointed Caesar, but he had also made a disparaging remark about the ineffectiveness of the army after the battle of Amida. The soldiers remembered this, and when Julian became sole Augustus, they demanded Ursulus' head. Julian obliged, much to the disapproval of Ammianus. This seems to be a case of Julian courting the favor of the military leadership, and is indicative of a pattern in which Julian courted the goodwill of various societal elites to legitimize his position as emperor.
Another case in point is the officials who made up the imperial bureaucracy. Many of them were subjected to trial and punishment. To achieve this goal, during the last weeks of December 361 Julian assembled a military tribunal at Chalcedon, empanelling six judges to try the cases. The president of the tribunal was Salutius, just promoted to the rank of Praetorian Prefect; the five other members were Mamertinus, the orator, and four general officers: Jovinus, Agilo, Nevitta, and Arbetio. Relative to the proceedings of the tribunal, Ammianus noted that the judges, " . . . oversaw the cases more vehemently than was right or fair, with the exception of a few . . .." Ammianus' account of Julian's attempt at reform of the imperial bureaucracy is supported by legal evidence from the Theodosian Code. A series of laws sent to Mamertinus, Julian's appointee as Praetorian Prefect in Italy, Illyricum, and Africa, illustrate this point nicely. On 6 June 362, Mamertinus received a law that prohibited provincial governors from bypassing the Vicars when giving their reports to the Prefect. Traditionally, Vicars were given civil authority over a group of provinces, and were in theory meant to serve as a middle step between governors and Prefects. This law suggests that the Vicars were being left out, at least in Illyricum. Julian issued another edict to Mamertinus on 22 February 362 to stop abuse of the public post by governors. According to this law, only Mamertinus could issue post warrants, but the Vicars were given twelve blank warrants to be used as they saw fit, and each governor was given two. Continuing the trend of bureaucratic reform, Julian also imposed penalties on governors who purposefully delayed appeals in court cases they had heard. The emperor also established a new official to weigh solidi used in official government transactions to combat coin clipping.
For Julian, reigning in the abuses of imperial bureaucrats was one step in restoring the prestige of the office of emperor. Because he could not affect all elements of society personally, Julian, like other Neo-Flavian emperors, decided to concentrate on select groups of societal elites as intercessors between himself and the general populace. One of these groups was the imperial bureaucracy. Julian made it very clear that imperial officials were intercessors in a very real sense in a letter to Alypius, Vicar of Britain. In this letter, sent from Gaul sometime before 361, the emperor praises Alypius for his use of "mildness and moderation with courage and force" in his rule of the provincials. Such virtues were characteristic of the emperors, and it was good that Alypius is representing Julian in this way. Julian courted the army because it put him in power. Another group he sought to include in his rule was the traditional Senatorial aristocracy. One of his first appointments as consul was Claudius Mamertinus, a Gallic Senator and rhetorician. Mamertinus' speech in praise of Julian delivered at Constantinople in January of 362 is preserved. In this speech, Claudius presented his consular selection as inaugurating a new golden age and Julian as the restorer of the empire founded by Augustus. The image Mamertinus gave of his own consulate inaugurating a new golden age is not merely formulaic. The comparison of Julian to Augustus has very real, if implicit, relevance to Claudius' situation. Claudius emphasized the imperial period as the true age of renewal. Augustus ushered in a new era with his formation of a partnership between the emperor and the Senate based upon a series of honors and offices bestowed upon the Senate in return for their role as intercessor between emperor and populace. It was this system that Julian was restoring, and the consulate was one concrete example of this bond. To be chosen as a consul by the emperor, who himself had been divinely mandated, was a divine honor. In addition to being named consul, Mamertinus went on to hold several offices under Julian, including the Prefecture of Italy, Illyricum, and Africa. Similarly, inscriptional evidence illustrates a link between municipal elites and Julian during his time as Caesar, something which continued after he became emperor. One concrete example comes from the municipal senate of Aceruntia in Apulia, which established a monument on which Julian is styled as "Repairer of the World."
Julian seems to have given up actual Christian belief before his acclamation as emperor and was a practitioner of more traditional Greco-Roman religious beliefs, in particular, a follower of certain late antique Platonist philosophers who were especially adept at theurgy as was noted earlier. In fact Julian himself spoke of his conversion to Neo-Platonism in a letter to the Alexandrians written in 363. He stated that he had abandoned Christianity when he was twenty years old and been an adherent of the traditional Greco-Roman deities for the twelve years prior to writing this letter.
(For the complete text of this article see: http://www.roman-emperors.org/julian.htm)
Julian’s Persian Campaign
The exact goals Julian had for his ill-fated Persian campaign were never clear. The Sassanid Persians, and before them the Parthians, had been a traditional enemy from the time of the Late Republic, and indeed Constantius had been conducting a war against them before Julian's accession forced the former to forge an uneasy peace. Julian, however, had no concrete reason to reopen hostilities in the east. Socrates Scholasticus attributed Julian's motives to imitation of Alexander the Great, but perhaps the real reason lay in his need to gather the support of the army. Despite his acclamation by the Gallic legions, relations between Julian and the top military officers was uneasy at best. A war against the Persians would have brought prestige and power both to Julian and the army.
Julian set out on his fateful campaign on 5 March 363. Using his trademark strategy of striking quickly and where least expected, he moved his army through Heirapolis and from there speedily across the Euphrates and into the province of Mesopotamia, where he stopped at the town of Batnae. His plan was to eventually return through Armenia and winter in Tarsus. Once in Mesopotamia, Julian was faced with the decision of whether to travel south through the province of Babylonia or cross the Tigris into Assyria, and he eventually decided to move south through Babylonia and turn west into Assyria at a later date. By 27 March, he had the bulk of his army across the Euphrates, and had also arranged a flotilla to guard his supply line along the mighty river. He then left his generals Procopius and Sebastianus to help Arsacius, the king of Armenia and a Roman client, to guard the northern Tigris line. It was also during this time that he received the surrender of many prominent local leaders who had nominally supported the Persians. These men supplied Julian with money and troops for further military action against their former masters. Julian decided to turn south into Babylonia and proceeded along the Euphrates, coming to the fortress of Cercusium at the junction of the Abora and Euphrates Rivers around the first of April, and from there he took his army west to a region called Zaitha near the abandoned town of Dura where they visited the tomb of the emperor Gordian which was in the area. On April 7 he set out from there into the heart of Babylonia and towards Assyria.
Ammianus then stated that Julian and his army crossed into Assyria, which on the face of things appears very confusing. Julian still seems to be operating within the province of Babylonia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The confusion is alleviated when one realizes that,for Ammianus, the region of Assyria encompassed the provinces of Babylonia and Assyria. On their march, Julian's forces took the fortress of Anatha, received the surrender and support of several more local princes, and ravaged the countryside of Assyria between the rivers. As the army continued south, they came across the fortresses Thilutha and Achaiachala, but these places were too well defended and Julian decided to leave them alone. Further south were the cities Diacira and Ozogardana, which the Roman forces sacked and burned. Soon, Julian came to Pirisabora and a brief siege ensued, but the city fell and was also looted and destroyed. It was also at this time that the Roman army met its first systematic resistance from the Persians. As the Romans penetrated further south and west, the local inhabitants began to flood their route. Nevertheless, the Roman forces pressed on and came to Maiozamalcha, a sizable city not far from Ctesiphon. After a short siege, this city too fell to Julian. Inexorably, Julian's forces zeroed in on Ctesiphon, but as they drew closer, the Persian resistance grew fiercer, with guerilla raids whittling at Julian's men and supplies. A sizable force of the army was lost and the emperor himself was almost killed taking a fort a few miles from the target city.
Finally, the army approached Ctesiphon following a canal that linked the Tigris and Euphrates. It soon became apparent after a few preliminary skirmishes that a protracted siege would be necessary to take this important city. Many of his generals, however, thought that pursuing this course of action would be foolish. Julian reluctantly agreed, but became enraged by this failure and ordered his fleet to be burned as he decided to march through the province of Assyria. Julian had planned for his army to live off the land, but the Persians employed a scorched-earth policy. When it became apparent that his army would perish (because his supplies were beginning to dwindle) from starvation and the heat if he continued his campaign, and also in the face of superior numbers of the enemy, Julian ordered a retreat on 16 June. As the Roman army retreated, they were constantly harassed by guerilla strikes. It was during one of these raids that Julian got caught up in the fighting and took a spear to his abdomen. Mortally wounded he was carried to his tent, where, after conferring with some of his officers, he died. The date was 26 June 363.
Conclusion
Thus an ignominious end for a man came about who had hoped to restore the glory of the Roman empire during his reign as emperor. Due to his intense hatred of Christianity, the opinion of posterity has not been kind to Julian. The contemporary opinion, however, was overall positive. The evidence shows that Julian was a complex ruler with a definite agenda to use traditional social institutions in order to revive what he saw as a collapsing empire. In the final assessment, he was not so different from any of the other emperors of the fourth century. He was a man grasping desperately to hang on to a Greco-Roman conception of leadership that was undergoing a subtle yet profound change.
Copyright (C) 2002, Walter E. Roberts and Michael DiMaio, Jr. Used by permission.
In reality, Julian worked to promote culture and philosophy in any manifestation. He tried to reduce taxes and the public debts of municipalities; he augmented administrative decentralisation; he promoted a campaign of austerity to reduce public expenditure (setting himself as the example). He reformed the postal service and eliminated the powerful secret police.
by Federico Morando; JULIAN II, The Apostate, See the Julian II Page on NumisWiki
Flavius Claudius Iulianus was born in 331 or maybe 332 A.D. in Constantinople. He ruled the Western Empire as Caesar from 355 to 360 and was hailed Augustus by his legions in Lutetia (Paris) in 360. Julian was a gifted administrator and military strategist. Famed as the last pagan emperor, his reinstatement of the pagan religion earned him the moniker "the Apostate." As evidenced by his brilliant writing, some of which has survived to the present day, the title "the Philosopher" may have been more appropriate. He died from wounds suffered during the Persian campaign of 363 A.D. Joseph Sermarini, FORVM.
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
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153 Julianus II. (360-363 A.D.), Siscia, RIC VIII 363, AE-3, -/-//ΔSIS(revers)Z, FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Fallen horseman, #1153 Julianus II. (360-363 A.D.), Siscia, RIC VIII 363, AE-3, -/-//ΔSIS(revers)Z, FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Fallen horseman, #1
avers: D N IVLIANVS NOB CAES, JC10,D1, Bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Soldier spearing a fallen horseman.
exergue: -/-//ΔSIS(revers)Z, diameter: 18mm, weight: 1,91g, axis: 6h,
mint: Siscia, date: 355 A.D., ref: RIC VIII 363, p-377, Scarce !,
Q-001quadrans
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153 Julianus II. (360-363 A.D.), Siscia, RIC VIII 371, AE-3, -/-//ΔSIS(revers)Z, FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Fallen horseman, #1153 Julianus II. (360-363 A.D.), Siscia, RIC VIII 371, AE-3, -/-//ΔSIS(revers)Z, FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Fallen horseman, #1
avers: D N IVLIANVS NOB C, Bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Soldier spearing a fallen horseman.
exergue: M/-//ΔSIS(revers)Z, diameter: 16,0-17,0mm, weight: 2,54g, axis: 0h,
mint: Siscia, date: 361-367 A.D., ref: RIC VIII 371, p-377, Scarce !,
Q-001quadrans
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153 Julianus II. (360-363 A.D.), Siscia, RIC VIII 382, AE-3, M/-//ΔSISL, FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Fallen horseman, Scarce! #1153 Julianus II. (360-363 A.D.), Siscia, RIC VIII 382, AE-3, M/-//ΔSISL, FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Fallen horseman, Scarce! #1
avers: D N IVLIAN VS NOB C, JC16,D1, Bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, The Soldier spearing fallen horseman who is wearing a Phrygian helmet, reaching backward, M in left field.
exergue: M/-//ΔSISL, diameter: 17,5mm, weight: 2,77g, axis: 6h,
mint: Siscia, date: 355-361 A.D., ref: RIC VIII 382, Scarce !,
Q-001quadrans
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153 Julianus II. (360-363 A.D.), Siscia, RIC VIII 418, AE-1, -/-//palmASISCpalm, SECVRITAS REIPVB, Bull standing right, Scarce, #1153 Julianus II. (360-363 A.D.), Siscia, RIC VIII 418, AE-1, -/-//palmASISCpalm, SECVRITAS REIPVB, Bull standing right, Scarce, #1
avers: D N FL CL IVLI ANVS P F AVG, Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: SECVRITAS REIPVB, Bull standing right, two stars above.
exergue: -/-//palmASISCpalm, diameter: 27,8-28,7mm, weight: 8,91g, axis: 7h,
mint: Siscia, date: 361-363 A.D.,
ref: RIC VIII 418, Scarce!,
Q-001quadrans
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176 - Julian II - AE3 - RIC VIII Alexandria 85 AE3
Obv:– D N IVLIANVS NOB CAES, Bare headed draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev:– FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Soldier spears a horseman on left, one hand holding the neck of the horse & the other back at his attacker
Minted in Alexandria (M | _ // ALED), 6th November A.D. 355 - 3rd November A.D. 361
Reference(s) – RIC VIII Alexandria 85 (S)maridvnvm
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176 - Julian II - AE3 - RIC VIII Antioch 189AE3
Obv:– D N IVLIANVS- NOB CAES, Bare headed draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev:– FEL TEMP - REPARATIO, Soldier spears a horseman on left, clutching the neck of the horse
Minted in Antioch (// ANEI), 6th November A.D. 355 - 3rd November A.D. 361
Reference(s) – RIC VIII Antioch 189 (S)
15.92 mm. 2.06 gms. 180 degreesmaridvnvm
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176 - Julian II - AE3 - RIC VIII Lugdunum 195 AE3
Obv:– IMP IVLIANVS NOB CAES, Bare headed draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev:– FEL TEMP - REPARATIO, Soldier spears a horseman on left, one hand holding the neck of the horse & the other back at his attacker; he wears a Phrygian cap
Minted in Lugdunum (// GSLG), 6th November A.D. 355 to Spring A.D. 360
Reference(s) – RIC VIII Lugdunum 195 (R)
2.18 gms. 18.35 mm. 0 degrees.maridvnvm
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176 - Julian II - AE3 - RIC VIII Siscia 385 AE3
Obv:– D N IVLIANVS NOB C, Bare headed draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev:– FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Helmeted soldier left, shield on left arm, spearing falling horseman; shield at ground to right. Horseman turns to face the soldier, and reaches his left arm up towards him.
Minted in Siscia (L | _ // DSIS)
Reference(s) – RIC VIII Siscia 385 (Rated S)maridvnvm
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176 - Julian II - AE3 - RIC VIII Thessalonica 212AE3
Obv:– D N CL IVLIANVS NOB CAES, Bare headed draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev:– FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Soldier spears a horseman on left, clutching the neck of the horse
Minted in Thessalonica (M | _ // SMTSE)
Reference(s) – RIC VIII Thessalonica 212 (S)maridvnvm
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176 - Julian II - RIC VIII Lugdunum 199Obv:– C L IVLIANVS NOB C, Bare headed draped and cuirassed bust right, M to left of bust
Rev:– FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Soldier spears a horseman on left, one hand holding the neck of the horse & the other back at his attacker
Minted in Lugdunum (//GSLG), 6th November A.D. 355 to Spring A.D. 360
Reference:– RIC VIII Lugdunum 199 (R)maridvnvm
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185. Julian II Apostata (360-363 A.D.)Av.: DN FL CL IVLIANVS PF AVG
Rv.: SECVRITAS REIPVB dot
Ex.: palm branch CONSPB palm branch
AE Double Maiorina Ø29 / 8.5g
RIC VIII 164 Constantinople
Scarce!
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1en Julian II "Apostate"360-363
AE3
Pearl-diademed, helmeted, cuirassed bust left, holding shield & spear, D N FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG
VOT X MVLT XX in four lines within wreath, palm branch-BSIS-palm branch in ex [?].
RIC 415
According to Zosimus: Constantius, having so well succeeded in his design against Vetranio, marched against Magnentius, having first conferred the title of Caesar on Gallus, the son of his uncle, and brother to Julian who was afterwards emperor, and given him in marriage his sister Constantia. . . . CONSTANTIUS, after having acted towards Gallus Caesar in the manner I have related, left Pannonia to proceed into Italy. . . . He scarcely thought himself capable of managing affairs at this critical period. He was unwilling, however, to associate any one with himself in the government, because he so much desired to rule alone, and could esteem no man his friend. Under these circumstances he was at a loss how to act. It happened, however, that when the empire was in the greatest danger, Eusebia, the wife of Constantius, who was a woman of extraordinary learning, and of greater wisdom than her sex is usually endowed with, advised him to confer the government of the nations beyond the Alps on Julianus Caesar, who was brother to Gallus, and grandson to Constantius. As she knew that the emperor was suspicious of all his kindred, she thus circumvented him. She observed to him, that Julian was a young man unacquainted with the intrigues of state, having devoted himself totally to his studies; and that he was wholly inexperienced in worldly business. That on this account he would be more fit for his purpose than any other person. That either he would be fortunate, and his success would be attributed to the emperor's conduct, or that he would fail and perish; and that thus Constantius would have none of the imperial family to succeed to him.
Constantius, having approved her advice, sent for Julian from Athens, where he lived among the philosophers, and excelled all his masters in every kind of learning. Accordingly, Julian returning from Greece into Italy, Constantius declared him Caesar, gave him in marriage his sister Helena, and sent him beyond the Alps. . . .
Constantius, having thus disposed of Julian, marched himself into Pannonia and Moesia, and having there suppressed the Quadi and the Sarmatians, proceeded to the east, and was provoked to war by the inroads of the Persians. Julian by this time had arrived beyond the Alps into the Gallic nations which he was to rule. Perceiving that the Barbarians continued committing the same violence, Eusebia, for the same reasons as before, persuaded Constantius to place the entire management of those countries into the hands of Julian. . . . Julian finding the military affairs of Gallia Celtica in a very ruinous state, and that the Barbarians pased the Rhine without any resistance, even almost as far as the sea-port towns, he took a survey of the remaining parts of the enemy. And understanding that the people of those parts were terrified at the very name of the Barbarians, while those whom Constantius had sent along with him, who were not more than three hundred and sixty, knew nothing more, as he used to say, than how to say their prayers, he enlisted as many more as he could and took in a great number of volunteers. He also provided arms, and finding a quantity of old weapons in some town he fitted them up, and distributed them among the soldiers. The scouts bringing him intelligence, that an immense number of Barbarians had crossed the river near the city of Argentoratum (Strasburg) which stands on the Rhine, he no sooner heard of it, than he led forth his army with the greatest speed, and engaging with the enemy gained such a victory as exceeds all description.
After these events he raised a great army to make war on the whole German nation; He was opposed however by the Barbarians in vast numbers. Caesar therefore would not wait while they came up to him, but crossed the Rhine, preferring that their country should be the seat of war, and not that of the Romans, as by that means the cities would escape being again pillaged by the Barbarians. A most furious battle therefore took place; a great number of the Barbarians being slain on the field of battle, while the rest fled, and were pursued by Caesar into the Hercynian forest, and many of them killed. . . .
But while Julian was at Parisium, a small town in Germany, the soldiers, being ready to march, continued at supper till midnight in a place near the palace, which they so called there. They were as yet ignorant of any design against Caesar [by Constantius], when some tribunes, who began to suspect the contrivance against him, privately distributed a number of anonymous billets among the soldiers, in which they represented to them, that Caesar, by his judicious conduct had so managed affairs, that almost all of them had erected trophies over the Barbarians ; that he had always fought like a private soldier, and was now in extreme danger from the emperor, who would shortly deprive him of his whole army, unless they prevented it. Some of the soldiers having read these billets, and published the intrigue to the whole army, all were highly enraged. They suddenly rose from their seats in great commotion, and with the cups yet in their hands went to the palace. Breaking open the doors without ceremony, they brought out Caesar, and lifting him on a shield declared him emperor and Augustus. They then, without attending to his reluctance, placed a diadem upon his head. . . .
Arriving at Naisus, he consulted the soothsayers what measures to pursue. As the entrails signified that he must stay there for some time, he obeyed, observing likewise the time that was mentioned in his dream. When this, according to the motion of the planets, was arrived, a party of horsemen arrived from Constantinople at Naisus, with intelligence that Constantius was dead, and that the armies desired Julian to be emperor. Upon this he accepted what the gods had bestowed upon him, and proceeded on his journey. On his arrival at. Byzantium, he was received with joyful acclamations. . . .
[After slashing through Persia and crossing the Tigris,] they perceived the Persian army, with which they engaged, and having considerably the advantage, they killed a great number of Persians. Upon the following day, about noon, the Persians drew up in a large body, and once more attacked the rear of the Roman army. The Romans, being at that time out of their ranks, were surprised and alarmed at the suddenness of the attack, yet made a stout and spirited defence. The emperor, according to his custom, went round the army, encouraging them to fight with ardour. When by this means all were engaged, the emperor, who sometimes rode to the commanders and tribunes, and was at other times among the private soldiers, received a wound in the heat of the engagement, and was borne on a shield to his tent. He survived only till midnight. He then expired, after having nearly subverted the Persian empire.
Note: Julian favored the pagan faith over Christianity and was tarred by the church as "the apostate." Blindado
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1i Last Bid to Revitalize Pagan ReligionJulian II
360-363
AE1
Portrait, right, D N FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG
Bull, eagle, and two stars, SECVRITAS REIPVB, PCONST in ex.
Julian "the Apostate" issued this coin with the symbols of Jupiter on the reverse as part of his campaign to breath life back into pagan faith.
RIC 318Blindado
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2011THIS YEAR'S WINNERS
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  *Alex
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2012THIS YEAR'S WINNERS
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*Alex
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355-360 AD - Julian II as Caesar - RIC VIII Constantinople 150 - SPES REIPVBLICECaesar: Julian II (Caes. 355-360 AD)
Date: 355-361 AD
Condition: Fair
Size: AE4
Obverse: DN CL IVLIANVS NOB CAES
Our Lord Claudius Julian Noble Caesar
Bust right; bare-headed, draped and cuirassed
Reverse: SPES REI-PVBLICE
Hope of the Republic.
Emperor, helmeted and in military dress, standing left, holding globe and spear.
Exergue: CONSS (Constantinople mint, sixth officina)
RIC VIII Constantinople 150
2.22g; 15.9mm; 180°Pep
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355-360 AD - Julian II as Caesar - RIC VIII Siscia 370 - FEL TEMP REPARATIOCaesar: Julian II (Caes. 355-360 AD)
Date: 355-358 AD
Condition: aFine
Size: AE4
Obverse: DN IVLIANVS NOB CAES
Our Lord Julian Noble Caesar
Bust right; bare-headed, draped and cuirassed
Reverse: FEL TEMP - REPARATIO
The restoration of happy times.
Helmeted soldier to left, shield on left arm, spearing falling horseman, shield on ground at right, horseman wears pointed cap, turns to face soldier and extends left arm.
"M" in left field
Exergue: ?SIS (Siscia mint, unknown officina)
RIC VIII Siscia 370
2.00g; 16.7mm; 30°Pep
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52. Julian II.AE 1, 363, Nicomedia mint.
Obverse: DN FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG / Diademed bust of Julian II.
Reverse: SECVRITAS REIPVB / Bull standing, two stars above.
Mint mark: NIKΓ between two palm leaves.
8.79 gm., 28 mm.
RIC #121; LRBC #2319; Sear #19159.Callimachus
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A135-04 - Juliano II Como Cesar de Constancio II (355 - 360 D.C.)AE3 Maiorina ó Centenional 16 x 15 mm 2.1 gr.
Anv: "[DN CL IVLIANVS] NOB CAES" - Busto a cabeza desnuda, coraza y Paludamentum (capote militar) sobre ella, viendo a derecha.
Rev: "FEL TEMP [REPA]RATIO" - Soldado con yelmo a derecha, portando escudo en brazo izquierdo, alancea con derecha a un jinete caido que porta un gorro en punta, lo mira y extiende su brazo izquierdo hacia él. "SMTSε" en exergo y " M " en campo izquierdo.
Acuñada 355 - 356 D.C.
Ceca: Tessalonica (Off.5ta.)
Rareza: S
Referencias: RIC Vol.VIII (Thessalonica) #210 Pag.421 - Cohen Vol.VIII #13 Pag.45 - DVM #26 Pag.304 - Salgado MRBI Vol.III #8832.g. Pag.229 - Sear RCTV (1988) #4063 - LRBC #1685mdelvalle
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A135-10 - Juliano II Como Cesar de Constancio II (355 - 360 D.C.)AE4 Nummus 16 x 15 mm 2.3 gr.
Anv: "[D]N CL IVLIANVS NOB CAES" - Busto a cabeza desnuda, coraza y Paludamentum (capote militar) sobre ella, viendo a derecha.
Rev: "[SPES REIPVBLI]CE" - Emperador con yelmo y vestido militarmente, de pié a izquierda, portando Orbe/globo en la mano de su brazo derecho extendido y lanza en izquierda. "CONSI" en exergo y " C " en campo izquierdo.
Acuñada 358 - 361 D.C.
Ceca: Constantinopla (Off.10ma.)
Rareza: R
Referencias: RIC Vol.VIII (Constantinople) #154 Pag.461 - Cohen Vol.VIII #45 Pag.49 - DVM #29 Pag.305 - Salgado MRBI Vol.III #8834.i. Pag.229 - LRBC #2055mdelvalle
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B. Rotated Double-Strike: Julian II Fallen Horseman (RIC 190, var)Photo source: CNG (edited) [LINK]
Roman Imperial. Julian II AE3 Reduced Follis (16-19mm, 2.04g, 6h), Thessalonica, c. 350-355 CE.
Obv: DN CL IVLIANVS NOB CAES. Bare-headed, draped, cuirassed bust right
Rev: FEL TEMP REPARATIO / Є (left) / SMTS (exergue). Roman soldier spearing fallen horseman who is bare-headed, reaching backwards.
Ref: Another example of this unpublished type in Dane Kurth Collection, DK FT1139 (different dies), illustrated on wildwinds [LINK] & Helvetica's FEL TEMPs [LINK]. Not in RIC w/ this control/mintmark. Cf. RIC VIII 190 var; see also RIC 92 (Heraclea).
Prov: Ex Martin Wettmark Error Collection (CNG EA 525 [19 Oct 2022], 1835 [part of, corr., listed as Constantius Gallus] [LINK]).
Notes: A double-strike, rotated 90 degrees & shifted 8mm left between the first and second strike.Curtis JJ
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Barbaric Counterfeit: Apis bullJulian II 'the Apostate,' February 360 - 26 June 363 A.D., Barbaric Counterfeit. 21530. Bronze AE 1, ancient counterfeit imitative of SRCV 4074, Fair, unofficial mint, 6.622g, 24.5mm, 90o, after 361 A.D.; obverse [D N FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG], diademed draped and cuirassed bust right; reverse SECVRITAS REIPVB, Apis bull right, two stars above horns. Ex FORVMPodiceps
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BULLJulian II AD 360-363 minted Heraclea Ae1
S617 8.19g
Diademed bust right with legend DAFLCL IVLIANVS PF AVG
Bull standing right with legend SECVRITAS REIPVB
* in field, HERACLEA in exerge
June 04 £65
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Flavius Claudius Julianus II, 360 - 363 ADObv: DN FL CL IVLIANVS PF AVG, rosette-diademed helmeted, cuirassed bust of Julian, holding a spear and a shield.
Rev: VOT / X / MVLT / XX in four line within a laurel wreath; (H)ERACL•A in exergue.
AE 3, Heraclea mint, 361 - 363 AD
3.5 grams, 20 mm, 180°
RIC VIII Heraclea 106Matt Inglima
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IVLIANVS II - RIC 122Nicomedia 361-362 A.D.
27 mm. 7.1g
RIC 122 Julian II AE1. DN FL CL IVLI-ANVS P F AVG,
pearl-diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right
SECVRITAS REI-PVB, Bull standing right, two stars above.
(branch)NIKB(branch) in ex. xokleng
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Ivlianvs II - RIC VIII 226Tessalonica, 361-363 AD.
32 mm, 8.3g.
DN FL CL IVLIANVS PF AVG
SECVRITAS REIPVB
(palm)*TESA. (palm) in ex.xokleng
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IVLIANVS II - RIC-?Julian II . Helmeted bust left, holding spear and shield
VOT X MVLT XX within wreath
TIS(delta) in ex.xokleng
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JulianAE Follis
Obv: DN FL CL IVLIANVS PF AVG
Rev: SECVRITAS REIPVB ; bull stg. r. , two stars above
This may represent the Bull of Aspis, a lost cult image of which was discovered during Julian's reign. This is the last pagan type on Roman coinage.Tanit
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JulianAE Follis
Obv: DN FL CL IVLIANVS PF AVG
Rev: SECVRITAS REIPVB ; bull stg. r. , two stars above
RIC VIII Cyzicus 127
Tanit
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Julian , the ApostateJulian as Caesar , 355-360 AD
AE4
Obv: DN IVLIANVS NOB CAES
Rev: SPES REIPVBLICE; Emperor stg. l., holding globe and spearTanit
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Julian Caesar AE3, Fel Temp Horseman (RIC Arles 274)Arles mint, 3rd officina, 355-360. 17 mm, 2.19 g, 340º.
Obverse: D N IVLIANVS NOB CAES Bare-headed, draped, cuirassed bust, looking right.
Reverse: FEL TEMP REPARATIO Soldier standing left, right knee raised about to spear a fallen horseman who is wearing a Phrygian helmet, reaching backwards. M in center.
Exergue: (TCO)N
Reference: RIC VIII Arles 274.Manuel
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Julian I of Pannonia RIC V, 5Julian I of Pannonia, usurper 283-284
AE - Antoninianus, 3.48g, 21.43mm,
Siscia, 1st officina AD 283
obv. DN C M AVR IVLIANVS PF AVG
bust, draped and cuirassed, radiate, r.
rev. VICT - ORIA AVG
Victoria standing frontal, head l., holding wreath and palmbranch
in field: S - A
in exergue XXI
RIC V/2, 5; C.8
R3; good VF
The coins of Julian I of Pannonia are generally rare! Jochen
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Julian IICame stripped of patina in uncleaned lot
Julian II AE3
Tentatively attributed as RIC 329, Rome
Ob: D N FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG, helmeted cuirassed bust left, holding shield & spear
Rv: VOT X MVLT XX within wreath
Ex: VRB ROM, officina off flan
Scotvs Capitis
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Julian IIDN IVLIANVS NOB C
Bare head right
SPES REIPVBLICE
Emperor standing left holding globe and spear
ASIRM or BSIRM, no field marks
RIC VIII Sirmium 81
Sirmium Mint
Sold Forum AuctionsJay GT4
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Julian IIJulian II AE1
28 mm 8.95 gm
O: D N FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG
Diademed, draped, cuirassed bust of Julian II right
R: SECVRITAS REIPVB
Bull standing right, two stars above, *ASIRM and wreath in exergueKoffy
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Julian IIDN FL CL IVLI ANVS PF AVG
Pearl, Diad. draped cuirassed right
SPES REIPVBLICE
Emperor standing left holding globe and spear
SMK
Cyzicus mint
361-363 AD
Ric VIII Cyzicus 124
rare
This is the Wildwinds example!
Sold Forum AuctionsJay GT4
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Julian IIJulian II (AD 360-363), Siliqua Lugdunum, FL CL IVLIANVS PP AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, rev VOTIS / V / MVLTIS / X within wreath, SLVG in exergue (RIC 227; C 163)simmurray
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JULIAN IIAR siliqua. Lugdunum 360-363 AD. 1,97 grs. Diademed,draped,and cuirassed bust right. FL CL IVLIANVS PP AUG. / Victory,wearing long dress,standing left,holding palm in left hand,wreath in raised right hand. VICTORIA DD NN AVG. In exergue LVG.
RIC 212. RSC 58 c.
New York sale XXV. Lot 279.benito
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JULIAN IIAR siliqua. Lugdunum 360-363 AD. 1,97 grs. Diademed,draped,and cuirassed bust right. FL CL IVLIANVS PP AUG. / Victory,wearing long dress,standing left,holding palm in left hand,wreath in raised right hand. VICTORIA DD NN AVG. In exergue LVG.
RIC 212. RSC 58 c.
New York sale XXV. Lot 279.
benito
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JULIAN IIAR siliqua. Lugdunum 361 AD. 1,72 grs. 6 h. Pearl-diademed,draped and cuirassed bust right. D N IVLIANVS AVG / VOT V MVLT X in four lines within wreath with medallion at top. LVG in exergue.
RIC 229. Bastien, Monnage de Lyon 272. Cohen -benito
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JULIAN IIAR siliqua. Lugdunum 361 AD. 1,72 grs. 6 h. Pearl-diademed,draped and cuirassed bust right. D N IVLIANVS AVG / VOT V MVLT X in four lines within wreath with medallion at top. LVG in exergue.
RIC - Cohen -
benito
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JULIAN IIAE 3. Sirmium, 361-363 AD. 2,75 grs. 1 h. Pearl diademed, helmeted and cuirassed bust left, holding shield and spear. DN FL CL IVLIANVS PF AVG / VOT / X / MVLT / XX in four lines,all within wreath. BSIRM in exergue.
RIC 108. LRBC 1619. benito
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JULIAN IIAE 3. Sirmium, 361-363 AD. 2,75 grs. 1 h. Pearl diademed, helmeted and cuirassed bust left, holding shield and spear. DN FL CL IVLIANVS PF AVG / VOT / X / MVLT / XX in four lines,all within wreath. BSIRM in exergue.
RIC 108. LRBC 1619.
benito
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Julian IIJulian II (AD 360-363), Siliqua Lugdunum, FL CL IVLIANVS PP AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, rev VOTIS / V / MVLTIS / X within wreath, SLVG in exergue (RIC 227; C 163)simmurray
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Julian IIDN FL C IVLIANVS P F AVG
pearl-diademed, draped, & cuirassed bust right
SECVRITAS REIPVB
bull standing right; palm branch-TESA-palm branch in ex.
8.37g
Thessalonica
360-363 A.D.
RIC 225
Jay GT4
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Julian IIAE 28 Jelian ii. Obverse; D D FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Reverse; Bull standing right, two stars above, ANTB in exergue. RIC 216 Antioch 28.7mm 7.8gNORMAN K
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JULIAN II AE3 - AD362-363obv: DN.PL.CL.IVLIANVS.PF.AVG (helmeted bust left, holding spear and shield)
rev: VOT X MVLT XX in four lines across field within wreath / BSIRM
ref: RIC VIII-Sirmium108
3.04g, 19mmberserker
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Julian II RIC VIII 108Obv:DN FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG
helmeted diademed bust left, cuirassed,
holding spear and shield
Rev: VOT X MVLT XX
VOT X MVLT XX within wreath
BSIRM in ex
20mm 2.4gmOWL365
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Julian II 'The Philosopher' (as Augustus)361-363 AD
AE3 (19mm, 2.65g)
O: Diademed, helmeted and cuirassed bust left, holding shield and spear; DN FL CL IVLIANVS PF AVG.
R: VOT X MVLT XX in four lines within wreath; BSISC· below.
Siscia mint
RIC VIII 421; Sear 4074v
ex Munzen Sann
“Are you not aware that all offerings whether great or small that are brought to the gods with piety have equal value, whereas without piety, I will not say hecatombs, but, by the gods, even the Olympian sacrifice of a thousand oxen is merely empty expenditure and nothing else?”
~ JulianEnodia
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Julian II "the Apostate"Billon double maiorina, RIC VIII Antioch 216, LRBC II 2640, Voetter 7, SRCV V 19162, Cohen VIII 38, gVF, dark green patina, scratches, light earthen deposits, edge flaw, 7.802g, 28.43mm, 0o, 3rd officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, c. 362 - 26 Jun 363 A.D.; obverse D N FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse SECVRITAS REIPVB (security of the Republic), Bull standing right, two stars above, ANTG between two palm fronds in exergueGreg B2
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Julian II "the Apostate," February 360 - 26 June 363 A.D.Julian II "the Apostate," February 360 - 26 June 363 A.D.
11th officina, Antioch mint. 1.964g ,15.0mm . die axis 315o, as Caesar 355 - Feb 360 A.D.
Obverse: D N IVLIANVS NOB CAES, draped and cuirassed bust right .
Reverse: FEL TEMP - REPARATIO, soldier spearing fallen horseman, ANAI in exergue .
RIC VIII Antioch 189
From the Butte College Foundation, Ex Lindgren , Ex FORUM
Vladislav D
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Julian II (355-361 AD) AE3, Siscia mintRoman Imperial, Julian II (355-361 AD) AE3, Siscia mint
Obverse: D N IVLIANVS NOB C, Bare headed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: SPES REI-PVBLICE, Emperor standing left, helmeted and in military dress, holding globe and spear. Mintmark: ΔSIS•
Reference: RIC VIII Siscia 394
Gil-galad
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JULIAN II (as Caesar) AE3 - AD350-354obv: D N IVLIANVS NOB C (bare-headed, draped & cuirassed bust right)
rev: SPER.REI-PVBLICE / ASIRM (emperor standing left, helmeted and in military dress, holding globe & spear)
ref: RIC VIII-Sirmium81, C.41
1.52g, 17mmberserker
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Julian II (Augustus) Coin: Bronze Double MaiorinaD N FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG - Pearl diademed, draped and cuirassed bust of Julian right
SECVRITAS REIPVB - Apis bull standing right, two stars above horns
Exergue: *ASIRM
Mint: Sirmium (361-363AD)
Wt./Size/Axis: 7.95g / 28mm / 360
References:
RIC VIII 106
Acquisition/Sale: xcelatorx Ebay $0.00 7/17
Notes: Oct 13, 18 - The Gary R. Wilson CollectionGRWilson
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Julian II (RIC 108, Coin #135)RIC 108, AE3, Sirmium, 361-363 AD.
Obv: D N FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG Hlemeted bust left holding spear and shield.
Rev: VOT X MVLT XX (BSIRM) Text within wreath.
Size: 19.8mm 3.74gmMaynardGee
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Julian II (RIC 108, Coin #369)RIC 108, AE3, Sirmium, 360-363 AD.
Obv: D N FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG Pearl-diademed, helmted and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield.
Rev: VOT X MVLT XX (ASIRM) Legend within laurel wreath.
Size: 19.2mm 3.16gmMaynardGee
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Julian II (RIC 216, Coin #494)
Julian II, RIC 216, AE Maiorina, Antioch, 361 - 363 AD.
Obv: D N F L CL IVLIANVS P F AVG Pearl-diademed, draped and
cuirassed bust right.
Rev: SECVRITAS REIPVB (ANTA) Bull standing right, two stars above.
Size: 28.6mm 7.86gm
MaynardGee
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Julian II (RIC 295, Coin #765)RIC 295, AR Siliqua, Arles, 360 - 363 AD
OBV: D N IVLIANVS P F AVG, Pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
REV: VOTIS V MVLTIS X (TCON), Four lines of text in a wreath.
SIZE: 17.8mm, 1.76gMaynardGee
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Julian II (the Apostate) RIC VIII 105, HeracleaObv: D N FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG
Bust: Helmeted and cuirassed bust left, spear in right hand and shield in left.
Rev: VOT X MVLT XX
4 lines within laurel wreath
Exe: HERACLA
Date: 361-363 AD
Denom: Ae3
Rated "S"Bluefish
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Julian II (The Apostate), RIC VIII 385, SisciaObv: DN IVLIANVS NOB C
Bust: Bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev: FEL TEMP REPARATIO
Soldier spearing fallen horseman. FH3 - Reaching
Exe: Delat SIS. "L" in field left
Date: 355-360 AD
Denom: Ae3
Ref: RIC VIII 385
Rated "S"Bluefish
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Julian II - AE 3Thessalonica
6.11.355 - February 360 AD
bare draped and cuirassed bust right
D N CL IVLIANVS NOB CAES
soldier spearing falling horseman (phrygian helmet)
FEL TEMP__REPARATIO
E
SMTS
unlisted in RIC (only Constantius Gallus with this reverse - Thessalonica 190)
2,20g 17mm
other specimen is in Helvetica's collectionJ. B.
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Julian II AE1Obv: DN FL CL IVLIANVS PF AVG - Bearded, pearl diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: SECVRITAS REIPVB - Bull standing right, two stars above; in right field, eagle standing right on wreath, head up, holding wreath in beak; SCONST• in exergue.
Mint: Arles
Date: 360 - 363 AD
Ref: RIC VIII 320
Notes: Rare.oa
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JULIAN II AE1 (double majorina) AD360-363obv: D.N.FL.CL.IVLIANVS.PF.AVG (diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right)
rev: SECVRITAS.REIPVB / ASIRM (Apis Bull standing right, two stars above)
ref: RIC VIII-Sirmium107
6.22gms, 28mm
Julian came to power in 360 CE in a revolt against Constantius II and tried to reinstate pagan gods. Julian would certainly be looking for a heavenly sign to offset the Christian vision of Constantius' father, Constantine the Great. This event materialized on May 4, 360 as Mars and Venus occulted, thus forming one very bright star. This occultation happened to occur in the constellation of Taurus directly between the horns. Two weeks prior to the occultation, the planets were in the exact location indicated on the coin. This was probably the last coin minted by the Romans that had an astrological base. berserker
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