| Image search results - "Cappadocia" |
1 Gordian IIIGordian III
AE22 of Caesarea, Cappadocia
Dated Year 7 = Jan - Feb 244 AD
O: AV KAI M ANT GORDIANOC, laureate, draped & cuirassed bust right
R: MHTP KAI BNE, six ears of corn bound together, in lower field ET-Z
BMC 346-349, SGI 3778, Syd 616 Sosius
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15 Hadrian As, travel series, CappadociaHADRIAN
AE As
HADRIANVS AVG COS III PP, draped bust right / CAPPADOCIA S-C, Cappadocia, towered, in tunic & cloak with tassles, standing left holding a miniature of Mount Argaeus & standard.
RIC 848; gVF, pitting
This coin seems to have suffered from bronze disease in the past, and appears to have lost its patina as a result of the BD treatment.
RI0096Sosius
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5 Marcus Aurelius ProvincialMARCUS AURELIUS
AE of Caesarea, Cappadocia
O: Bust right
R: Mt Argeus with conical peak
RI0101Sosius
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98Trajan 98-117 AD
AR didrachm
Caesarea in Cappadocia
Laureate draped bust right
Statue on top of Mount Argaeus
Sydenham 157mauseus
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Asia MinorAncient Greek coinage of Asia Minor: Black Sea Area (Bosporos, Kolchis, Pontos, Paphlagonia, & Bithynia), Western Asia Minor (Mysia, Troas, Aiolis, Lesbos, Ionia, Lydia, & Caria), & Central & Southern Asia Minor (Phrygia, Lycia, Pamphylia, Pisidia, Lycanonia, Cilicia, Galata, Cappadocia).
Sort order: Position ΔAnaximander
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Cappadocia, Caesarea. Six corn earsGordian III, 238-244 A.D. Cappadocia, Caesarea. 7,1g, 23mm. Obv: AV KAI M ANT GORDIANOC; Draped and laureate Gordian III right; Rev: [MHTP] KAI NE (in field) [E]T - Z ("Münze von Kaisareia, Metropolis und Inhaberin einer Neokorie"); Six corn ears, Year Z (= 7, Year 244 A.D.) Cf. Sydenham 616; SNG Österreich, Slg. Leypold II 2812 and 2814. Podiceps
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SOLD Antiochus V11 Sidetes Tetradrachm 138-129 BC SOLDSOLD Obs - Diademed head of Antiochus V11 in fillet border
16.32g 29mm SC 2061.4e
Antioch on the Orontes mint
Rev- Athena holding Nike presenting wreath left , right, hand on shield proping up spear
Ins- ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ ΕΥΕΡΙΓΕΡΟΥ surrounded by wreath
Control marks Monogram composing ΔΙ below A before Athena left Right above shield, A above M
An early Cappadocian copy emission 4 obs A14 (Krenkal & Lorber 2009) SOLD
cicerokid
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(0161) LUCIUS VERUS or MARCUS AURELIUS--MT. ARGAEUS161--
AE 20 mm, 6.85 g
O: Laureate head right
R: Mount Argaeus, ETB in exergue
Cappadocia Caeserealaney
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(0161) LUCIUS VERUS--MT. ARGAEUS163-169 AD
AE 19 mm, 5.38 g
Obverse: Laureate head right
Reverse: Mount Argaeus, ETG in exergue (Year 3)
Cappadocia Caesarealaney
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(0161) LUCIUS VERUS--MT. ARGAEUS161-169
AE 20.5 mm, 7.09 g
O: ΑΥΤΟΚP ΟΥΗΡΟС СƐ[Β] laureate bust of Lucius Verus wearing cuirass and paludamentum, right
R: [ΚΑΙСΑΡƐωΝ Τ] ΠΡ ΑΡΓΑΙω ƐΤΟΒ Mount Argaios with tall conical top
Cappadocia, Caesaria; cf RPC 4 6870 (temp); SNG I 2240laney
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(0222) SEVERUS ALEXANDER222-235 AD
AE 21 mm
O: laureate bare bust right, from behind
R: 3 double stalks of wheat tied together
Caesarea, Cappadocialaney
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0 - Antoninus Pius Silver Didrachm of Caearea, Cappadocia - Pietas standing w/ Altar~
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Ancient Roman Empire
Emperor Antoninus Pius ( 138 - 161 AD )
Silver Didrachm (two drachmai) of Caesarea, Cappadocia.
(titles in Greek)
obv: Bare headed bust of Antoninus Pius facing right, draped and cuirassed. Seen from Behind.
rev: Pietas, unveiled, standing left, raising right hand over lighted altar and holding open box in left hand.
Weight: 5.9 Grams.
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*~!CLICK PHOTO FOR FULLSIZE - VERY LARGE PHOTO!~*
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~ VERY RARE COIN ~
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~rexesq
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001x1a. Kings of Galatia, Amyntas, 37 - 25 B.C.Coin: Bronze AE 23, RPC I 3505; SNG Cop 99; SNGvA 6108; SNG BnF 2377; BMC Galatia p. 3, 12, weight 8.214g, maximum diameter 22.5mm, die axis 0o, obverse bust of Herakles right, club over left shoulder, E - C behind; reverse Nemean lion walking right, B above, AMYNTOY monogram in exergue. A FORUM coin.
Amyntas was a King of Galatia and of several adjacent countries between 36 and 25 BC. He first seemed to have controlled Lycaonia and then added Derbe. He commanded the Galatian auxiliaries sent to help Brutus and Cassius against the Triumvires but deserted to Mark Anthony just before the battle of Philippi in 42 BC. After the death of Deiotarus, Amyntas was made king of Cappadocia in 37 as a client ruler of Mark Antony. He deserted to Octavian shortly before the battle of Actium, and he was confirmed as king of Galatia. After he took over Homonada and killed its ruler, he was killed in an ambush in 25 AD. After his death, Galatia became a Roman province.
lawrence c
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001x3. Ariobarzanes III of Cappadocia
Silver drachm, Simonetta 3a; BMC Galatia p. 42, 4; SNGvA 6326; SGCV II 7304; HGC 7 853 (R2); Simonetta Collection 4 var. (monogram, noted); SNG Cop -; SNG Fitz -r, Mazaka-Eusebeia (Kayseri, Turkey) mint, weight 3.795g, maximum diameter 15.0mm, die axis 0o, 42 - 41 B.C.; obverse diademed head right, with short hair and beard; reverse BAΣIΛEΩΣ APIOBAPZANOY EYΣEBOYΣ KAI ΦIΛOPΩM, Athena Nikephoros standing left, Nike offering wreath in right hand, spear and grounded shield behind in left hand, star in crescent with horns up lower inner left, monogram inner right, IA (year 11) in exergue; ex Leu Numismatik web auction 20 (16 Jul 2022), lot 3755 (part of); ex European collection (formed before 2005). A FORUM coin.
Ariobarzanes was an ally of Pompey, but after their defeat Julius Caesar received him well and kept his position. He later refused to aid Cassius. Caesar's assassins declared him a traitor, invaded Cappadocia and executed him.
lawrence c
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020a04. Lucius VerusAE 20. Caesarea, Cappadocia. 161–169 AD. Obv: AVTOKΡA OYHΡOC CEBACTOC, laureate head right. Rev: KAICAΡEΩN T Π AΡΓAIΩ, Mount Argaios with tall conical top. Date ET Gamma below. Sydenham 360; BMC 198-200.lawrence c
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020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Cappadocia, Caesarea, Galatia-Cappadocia, RPC II 1659, AR-Hemidrachm, Nike advancing right, #1020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Cappadocia, Caesarea, Galatia-Cappadocia, RPC II 1659, AR-Hemidrachm, Nike advancing right, #1
avers: AYTOKP KAICAP OYЄCΠACIANOC CЄBA Laureate head of Vespasian to right.
reverse: Nike advancing right, holding wreath in her right hand and palm frond over her left shoulder.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 12,9-13,9mm, weight: 1,54g, axis: 0h,
mint: City: Caesarea, Region: Cappadocia, Province: Galatia-Cappadocia,
date: 69-79 A.D.,
ref: RPC II 1659, Sydenham 94, Metcalf 17, SGI 735,
Q-001quadrans
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020p Vespasian with Titus (69-79 A.D.), Cappadocia, Caesarea, Galatia-Cappadocia, RPC II 1650, AR-Didrachm, Laureate head of Titus right, #1020p Vespasian with Titus (69-79 A.D.), Cappadocia, Caesarea, Galatia-Cappadocia, RPC II 1650, AR-Didrachm, Laureate head of Titus right, #1
avers: AYTOKPA KAICAP OYЄCΠACIANOC CЄBACTOC, Laureate head of Vespasian right.
reverse: AYTO KAI OYЄCΠACIANOC CЄBACTOY YIOC, Laureate head of Titus right.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 19,0-20,0mm, weight: 6,73g, axis: 0h,
mint: City: Caesarea, Region: Cappadocia, Province: Galatia-Cappadocia,
date: 69-79 A.D.,
ref: RPC II 1650, Sydenham 102, Metcalf Conspectus 4, Ganschow 66b,
Q-001quadrans
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030 - Vespasian Didrachm, Cappadocia, Caesarea - NikeObv:- AVTOKPA KAICAP OVECPACIANOC CEBACTOC, Laureate head right
Rev:- NIKH CEBACTH, Victory walking right, holding wreath and palm
Minted in Cappadocia, Caesarea. A.D. 77 - 78
Weight 7.23g. 20.30mm.maridvnvm
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030 - Vespasian Didrachm, Cappadocia, Caesarea - Sydenham, Caesarea 102Obv:- AVTOKPA KAICAP OVECPACIANOC CEBACTOC, Laureate head right
Rev:- AVTO KAI OVECPACIANOC CEBACTOV VIOC, Laureate head of Titus right
Minted in Cappadocia, Caesarea. A.D. 76 - 77
Reference:- Sydenham, Caesarea 102; Metcalf, Caesarea 4. RPC 1650.
Weight 7.05g. 19.38mm.maridvnvm
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032p Hadrianus (117-138 A.D.), Lycaonia, Iconium (Eikonion as Klaudeikonion), RPC III 2825, AE-16, KΛAYΔ EIKONIEΩN, Perseus standing half-right, #1032p Hadrianus (117-138 A.D.), Lycaonia, Iconium (Eikonion as Klaudeikonion), RPC III 2825, AE-16, KΛAYΔ EIKONIEΩN, Perseus standing half-right, #1
avers: AΔΡIANOC KAICAΡ, bare head left.
reverse: KΛAYΔ EIKONIEΩN, Perseus standing half-right, naked, holding Harpa and head of Gorgon.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter:17,5-18,0mm, weight:3,42g, axis:5h,
mint: Galatia-Cappadocia, Lycaonia, Iconium (Eikonion as Klaudeikonion), date:117-138 A.D.,
ref:
RPC III 2825,
BMC 4,
Aulock, Lykaonien 290-292;
Imhoof KM 5;
Waddington 4767;
SNG France III, 2286.
Q-001quadrans
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036b03. TranquillinaBronze AE 24. Cappadocia, Caesarea (Kayseri, Turkey). 7.322g, 23.9mm. 243 - 244 A.D. Obv: CAB TPANKVΛΛINA AV (Sabinia Tranquillina Augusta), draped bust to right, wearing stephane. Rev: MHTP KAI B NE (Metropolis Caesarea, 2 neokoroi), six grain ears bound together, ET-Z (year 7 [of Gordian III]) across fields. RPC VII.2 3401. A FORUM coin.lawrence c
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039a. JotapianUsurper ca. 248 -249
Marcus Fulvius Rufus Iotapianus. Led a rebellion in northern Syria and Cappadocia. Even before the Emperor could send troops against him, Jotapian's troops murdered him.lawrence c
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049p Septimius Severus (193-211 A.D.), Cappadocia, Caesarea, SNG Righetti 1787, AR-Drachm, MHTP KAICA, Mount Argaeus, #1049p Septimius Severus (193-211 A.D.), Cappadocia, Caesarea, SNG Righetti 1787, AR-Drachm, MHTP KAICA, Mount Argaeus, #1
avers: AY KAI Λ CЄΠT CЄOYHΡOC, Laureate head right.
reverse: MHTP KAICA, Mount Argaeus surmounted by a star, date below ЄT IЄ (year 15, 207 A.D.),
exergue: -/-//ЄT IЄ, diameter: 17,0mm, weight: 2,95g, axis:0h,
mint: Cappadocia, Caesarea, date: (ЄT IЄ, year 15), 207 A.D.,
ref: Syd-400var.(?), SNG Righetti 1787; SNG Fitz 5464; Paris 548A; Ganschow 433d; Henseler 776.
Q-001quadrans
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050p Julia Domna (170-217 A.D.), Cappadocia, Caesarea, Syd 447var, AR-Drachm, MHTPO KAICAP NЄ, Mount Argaeus, #1050p Julia Domna (170-217 A.D.), Cappadocia, Caesarea, Syd 447var, AR-Drachm, MHTPO KAICAP NЄ, Mount Argaeus, #1
avers: IVΛIA AVΓVSTA AVΓ, Bust draped right.
reverse: MHTPO KAICAP NЄ, Mount Argaeus surmounted by a star, date below ЄT IH (year 18, 210 A.D.),
exergue: -/-//ЄT IH, diameter: 15,0-19,0mm, weight: 2,85g, axis:0h,
mint: Cappadocia, Caesarea, date: 210 A.D.,
ref: Syd 447var,
Q-001quadrans
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064 - Septimius Severus Ar Drachm - Syd. -Obv:– AY KAI L CEPT CEOVHPOC, Laureate head right
Rev:– MHTPO KAICAPIACW, Male figure (Argaios(?)), laureate, draped seated left on Mount Argaeus, holding branch
Minted in Caesarea, Cappadocia. Year 17, ETIZ in exe. A.D. 209
Apparently unlisted in Sydenham, cf. Syd. #403, which is a matching didrachm of this type.maridvnvm
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065 - Julia Domna drachm - Syd 441AR Drachm
Obv:– IOVLIA DOMNA CE, Draped bust right, hair tied in bun behind
Rev:– MHTPOPO KAICAPIAC, Tyche standing left holding rudder & cornucopiae
Minted in Cappadocia, Caesarea. ET E in exe. Year 5 = A.D. 196/197
Reference:– Syd 441.maridvnvm
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073p Tranquilina (241-244 A.D., Augusta), Cappadocia, Caesarea, Syd. 618, AE-21, MHTR KAI B NЄ, Six-grain ears, #1073p Tranquilina (241-244 A.D., Augusta), Cappadocia, Caesarea, Syd. 618, AE-21, MHTR KAI B NЄ, Six-grain ears, #1
Wife of Emperor Gordian III.
avers: CAB TΡANKYΛΛINA AYΓ, Diademed and draped bust right.
reverse: MHTR KAI B NЄ, Six-grain ears bound together, ЄT-Z across the field.
exergue: ЄT/Z//--, diameter: 21,0mm, weight: 6,28g, axis:0h,
mint: Cappadocia, Caesarea, date: Year=7, 244 A.D., ref: Syd-618,
Q-001quadrans
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1409a, Julian II "the Philosopher," February 360 - 26 June 363 A.D.Julian II, A.D. 360-363; RIC 167; VF; 2.7g, 20mm; Constantinople mint; Obverse: DN FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG, helmeted & cuirassed bust right, holding spear & shield; Reverse: VOT X MVLT XX in four lines within wreath; CONSPB in exergue; Attractive green patina. Ex Nemesis.
De Imperatoribus Romanis,
An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors
Julian the Apostate (360-363 A.D.)
Walter E. Roberts, Emory University
Michael DiMaio, Jr., Salve Regina University
Introduction
The emperor Flavius Claudius Julianus reigned from 360 to 26 June 363, when he was killed fighting against the Persians. Despite his short rule, his emperorship was pivotal in the development of the history of the later Roman empire. This essay is not meant to be a comprehensive look at the various issues central to the reign of Julian and the history of the later empire. Rather, this short work is meant to be a brief history and introduction for the general reader. Julian was the last direct descendent of the Constantinian line to ascend to the purple, and it is one of history's great ironies that he was the last non-Christian emperor. As such, he has been vilified by most Christian sources, beginning with John Chrysostom and Gregory Nazianzus in the later fourth century. This tradition was picked up by the fifth century Eusebian continuators Sozomen, Socrates Scholasticus, and Theodoret and passed on to scholars down through the 20th century. Most contemporary sources, however, paint a much more balanced picture of Julian and his reign. The adoption of Christianity by emperors and society, while still a vital concern, was but one of several issues that concerned Julian.
It is fortunate that extensive writings from Julian himself exist, which help interpret his reign in the light of contemporary evidence. Still extant are some letters, several panegyrics, and a few satires. Other contemporary sources include the soldier Ammianus Marcellinus' history, correspondence between Julian and Libanius of Antioch, several panegyrics, laws from the Theodosian Code, inscriptions, and coinage. These sources show Julian's emphasis on restoration. He saw himself as the restorer of the traditional values of Roman society. Of course much of this was rhetoric, meant to defend Julian against charges that he was a usurper. At the same time this theme of restoration was central to all emperors of the fourth century. Julian thought that he was the one emperor who could regain what was viewed as the lost glory of the Roman empire. To achieve this goal he courted select groups of social elites to get across his message of restoration. This was the way that emperors functioned in the fourth century. By choosing whom to include in the sharing of power, they sought to shape society.
Early Life
Julian was born at Constantinople in 331. His father was Julius Constantius, half-brother of the emperor Constantine through Constantius Chlorus, and his mother was Basilina, Julius' second wife. Julian had two half-brothers via Julius' first marriage. One of these was Gallus, who played a major role in Julian's life. Julian appeared destined for a bright future via his father's connection to the Constantinian house. After many years of tense relations with his three half-brothers, Constantine seemed to have welcomed them into the fold of the imperial family. From 333 to 335, Constantine conferred a series of honors upon his three half-siblings, including appointing Julius Constantius as one of the consuls for 335. Julian's mother was equally distinguished. Ammianus related that she was from a noble family. This is supported by Libanius, who claimed that she was the daughter of Julius Julianus, a Praetorian Prefect under Licinius, who was such a model of administrative virtue that he was pardoned and honored by Constantine.
Despite the fact that his mother died shortly after giving birth to him, Julian experienced an idyllic early childhood. This ended when Constantius II conducted a purge of many of his relatives shortly after Constantine's death in 337, particularly targeting the families of Constantine's half-brothers. ulian and Gallus were spared, probably due to their young age. Julian was put under the care of Mardonius, a Scythian eunuch who had tutored his mother, in 339, and was raised in the Greek philosophical tradition, and probably lived in Nicomedia. Ammianus also supplied the fact that while in Nicomedia, Julian was cared for by the local bishop Eusebius, of whom the future emperor was a distant relation. Julian was educated by some of the most famous names in grammar and rhetoric in the Greek world at that time, including Nicocles and Hecebolius. In 344 Constantius II sent Julian and Gallus to Macellum in Cappadocia, where they remained for six years. In 351, Gallus was made Caesar by Constantius II and Julian was allowed to return to Nicomedia, where he studied under Aedesius, Eusebius, and Chrysanthius, all famed philosophers, and was exposed to the Neo-Platonism that would become such a prominent part of his life. But Julian was most proud of the time he spent studying under Maximus of Ephesus, a noted Neo-Platonic philospher and theurgist. It was Maximus who completed Julian's full-scale conversion to Neo-Platonism. Later, when he was Caesar, Julian told of how he put letters from this philosopher under his pillows so that he would continue to absorb wisdom while he slept, and while campaigning on the Rhine, he sent his speeches to Maximus for approval before letting others hear them. When Gallus was executed in 354 for treason by Constantius II, Julian was summoned to Italy and essentially kept under house arrest at Comum, near Milan, for seven months before Constantius' wife Eusebia convinced the emperor that Julian posed no threat. This allowed Julian to return to Greece and continue his life as a scholar where he studied under the Neo-Platonist Priscus. Julian's life of scholarly pursuit, however, ended abruptly when he was summoned to the imperial court and made Caesar by Constantius II on 6 November 355.
Julian as Caesar
Constantius II realized an essential truth of the empire that had been evident since the time of the Tetrarchy--the empire was too big to be ruled effectively by one man. Julian was pressed into service as Caesar, or subordinate emperor, because an imperial presence was needed in the west, in particular in the Gallic provinces. Julian, due to the emperor's earlier purges, was the only viable candidate of the imperial family left who could act as Caesar. Constantius enjoined Julian with the task of restoring order along the Rhine frontier. A few days after he was made Caesar, Julian was married to Constantius' sister Helena in order to cement the alliance between the two men. On 1 December 355, Julian journeyed north, and in Augusta Taurinorum he learned that Alamannic raiders had destroyed Colonia Agrippina. He then proceeded to Vienne where he spent the winter. At Vienne, he learned that Augustudunum was also under siege, but was being held by a veteran garrison. He made this his first priority, and arrived there on 24 June 356. When he had assured himself that the city was in no immediate danger, he journeyed to Augusta Treverorum via Autessioduram, and from there to Durocortorum where he rendezvoused with his army. Julian had the army stage a series of punitive strikes around the Dieuse region, and then he moved them towards the Argentoratum/Mongontiacum region when word of barbarian incursions reached him.
From there, Julian moved on to Colonia Agrippina, and negotiated a peace with the local barbarian leaders who had assaulted the city. He then wintered at Senonae. He spent the early part of the campaigning season of 357 fighting off besiegers at Senonae, and then conducting operations around Lugdunum and Tres Tabernae. Later that summer, he encountered his watershed moment as a military general. Ammianus went into great detail about Julian's victory over seven rogue Alamannic chieftains near Argentoratum, and Julian himself bragged about it in his later writing. After this battle, the soldiers acclaimed Julian Augustus, but he rejected this title. After mounting a series of follow-up raids into Alamannic territory, he retired to winter quarters at Lutetia, and on the way defeated some Frankish raiders in the Mosa region. Julian considered this campaign one of the major events of his time as Caesar.
Julian began his 358 military campaigns early, hoping to catch the barbarians by surprise. His first target was the Franks in the northern Rhine region. He then proceeded to restore some forts in the Mosa region, but his soldiers threatened to mutiny because they were on short rations and had not been paid their donative since Julian had become Caesar. After he soothed his soldiers, Julian spent the rest of the summer negotiating a peace with various Alamannic leaders in the mid and lower Rhine areas, and retired to winter quarters at Lutetia. In 359, he prepared once again to carry out a series of punitive expeditions against the Alamanni in the Rhine region who were still hostile to the Roman presence. In preparation, the Caesar repopulated seven previously destroyed cities and set them up as supply bases and staging areas. This was done with the help of the people with whom Julian had negotiated a peace the year before. Julian then had a detachment of lightly armed soldiers cross the Rhine near Mogontiacum and conduct a guerilla strike against several chieftains. As a result of these campaigns, Julian was able to negotiate a peace with all but a handful of the Alamannic leaders, and he retired to winter quarters at Lutetia.
Of course, Julian did more than act as a general during his time as Caesar. According to Ammianus, Julian was an able administrator who took steps to correct the injustices of Constantius' appointees. Ammianus related the story of how Julian prevented Florentius, the Praetorian Prefect of Gaul, from raising taxes, and also how Julian actually took over as governor for the province of Belgica Secunda. Hilary, bishop of Poitiers, supported Ammianus' basic assessment of Julian in this regard when he reported that Julian was an able representative of the emperor to the Gallic provincials. There is also epigraphic evidence to support Julian's popularity amongst the provincial elites. An inscription found near Beneventum in Apulia reads:
"To Flavius Claudius Julianus, most noble and sanctified Caesar, from the caring Tocius Maximus, vir clarissimus, for the care of the res publica from Beneventum".
Tocius Maximus, as a vir clarissimus, was at the highest point in the social spectrum and was a leader in his local community. This inscription shows that Julian was successful in establishing a positive image amongst provincial elites while he was Caesar.
Julian Augustus
In early 360, Constantius, driven by jealousy of Julian's success, stripped Julian of many troops and officers, ostensibly because the emperor needed them for his upcoming campaign against the Persians. One of the legions ordered east, the Petulantes, did not want to leave Gaul because the majority of the soldiers in the unit were from this region. As a result they mutinied and hailed Julian as Augustus at Lutetia. Julian refused this acclamation as he had done at Argentoratum earlier, but the soldiers would have none of his denial. They raised him on a shield and adorned him with a neck chain, which had formerly been the possession of the standard-bearer of the Petulantes and symbolized a royal diadem. Julian appeared reluctantly to acquiesce to their wishes, and promised a generous donative. The exact date of his acclamation is unknown, but most scholars put it in February or March. Julian himself supported Ammianus' picture of a jealous Constantius. In his Letter to the Athenians, a document constructed to answer charges that he was a usurper, Julian stated that from the start he, as Caesar, had been meant as a figurehead to the soldiers and provincials. The real power he claimed lay with the generals and officials already present in Gaul. In fact, according to Julian, the generals were charged with watching him as much as the enemy. His account of the actual acclamation closely followed what Ammianus told us, but he stressed even more his reluctance to take power. Julian claimed that he did so only after praying to Zeus for guidance.
Fearing the reaction of Constantius, Julian sent a letter to his fellow emperor justifying the events at Lutetia and trying to arrange a peaceful solution. This letter berated Constantius for forcing the troops in Gaul into an untenable situation. Ammianus stated that Julian's letter blamed Constantius' decision to transfer Gallic legions east as the reason for the soldiers' rebellion. Julian once again asserted that he was an unwilling participant who was only following the desire of the soldiers. In both of these basic accounts Ammianus and Julian are playing upon the theme of restoration. Implicit in their version of Julian's acclamation is the argument that Constantius was unfit to rule. The soldiers were the vehicle of the gods' will. The Letter to the Athenians is full of references to the fact that Julian was assuming the mantle of Augustus at the instigation of the gods. Ammianus summed up this position nicely when he related the story of how, when Julian was agonizing over whether to accept the soldiers' acclamation, he had a dream in which he was visited by the Genius (guardian spirit) of the Roman state. The Genius told Julian that it had often tried to bestow high honors upon Julian but had been rebuffed. Now, the Genius went on to say, was Julian's final chance to take the power that was rightfully his. If the Caesar refused this chance, the Genius would depart forever, and both Julian and the state would rue Julian's rejection. Julian himself wrote a letter to his friend Maximus of Ephesus in November of 361 detailing his thoughts on his proclamation. In this letter, Julian stated that the soldiers proclaimed him Augustus against his will. Julian, however, defended his accession, saying that the gods willed it and that he had treated his enemies with clemency and justice. He went on to say that he led the troops in propitiating the traditional deities, because the gods commanded him to return to the traditional rites, and would reward him if he fulfilled this duty.
During 360 an uneasy peace simmered between the two emperors. Julian spent the 360 campaigning season continuing his efforts to restore order along the Rhine, while Constantius continued operations against the Persians. Julian wintered in Vienne, and celebrated his Quinquennalia. It was at this time that his wife Helena died, and he sent her remains to Rome for a proper burial at his family villa on the Via Nomentana where the body of her sister was entombed. The uneasy peace held through the summer of 361, but Julian concentrated his military operations around harassing the Alamannic chieftain Vadomarius and his allies, who had concluded a peace treaty with Constantius some years earlier. By the end of the summer, Julian decided to put an end to the waiting and gathered his army to march east against Constantius. The empire teetered on the brink of another civil war. Constantius had spent the summer negotiating with the Persians and making preparations for possible military action against his cousin. When he was assured that the Persians would not attack, he summoned his army and sallied forth to meet Julian. As the armies drew inexorably closer to one another, the empire was saved from another bloody civil war when Constantius died unexpectedly of natural causes on 3 November near the town of Mopsucrenae in Cilicia, naming Julian -- the sources say-- as his legitimate successor.
Julian was in Dacia when he learned of his cousin's death. He made his way through Thrace and came to Constantinople on 11 December 361 where Julian honored the emperor with the funeral rites appropriate for a man of his station. Julian immediately set about putting his supporters in positions of power and trimming the imperial bureaucracy, which had become extremely overstaffed during Constantius' reign. Cooks and barbers had increased during the late emperor's reign and Julian expelled them from his court. Ammianus gave a mixed assessment of how the new emperor handled the followers of Constantius. Traditionally, emperors were supposed to show clemency to the supporters of a defeated enemy. Julian, however, gave some men over to death to appease the army. Ammianus used the case of Ursulus, Constantius' comes sacrum largitionum, to illustrate his point. Ursulus had actually tried to acquire money for the Gallic troops when Julian had first been appointed Caesar, but he had also made a disparaging remark about the ineffectiveness of the army after the battle of Amida. The soldiers remembered this, and when Julian became sole Augustus, they demanded Ursulus' head. Julian obliged, much to the disapproval of Ammianus. This seems to be a case of Julian courting the favor of the military leadership, and is indicative of a pattern in which Julian courted the goodwill of various societal elites to legitimize his position as emperor.
Another case in point is the officials who made up the imperial bureaucracy. Many of them were subjected to trial and punishment. To achieve this goal, during the last weeks of December 361 Julian assembled a military tribunal at Chalcedon, empanelling six judges to try the cases. The president of the tribunal was Salutius, just promoted to the rank of Praetorian Prefect; the five other members were Mamertinus, the orator, and four general officers: Jovinus, Agilo, Nevitta, and Arbetio. Relative to the proceedings of the tribunal, Ammianus noted that the judges, " . . . oversaw the cases more vehemently than was right or fair, with the exception of a few . . .." Ammianus' account of Julian's attempt at reform of the imperial bureaucracy is supported by legal evidence from the Theodosian Code. A series of laws sent to Mamertinus, Julian's appointee as Praetorian Prefect in Italy, Illyricum, and Africa, illustrate this point nicely. On 6 June 362, Mamertinus received a law that prohibited provincial governors from bypassing the Vicars when giving their reports to the Prefect. Traditionally, Vicars were given civil authority over a group of provinces, and were in theory meant to serve as a middle step between governors and Prefects. This law suggests that the Vicars were being left out, at least in Illyricum. Julian issued another edict to Mamertinus on 22 February 362 to stop abuse of the public post by governors. According to this law, only Mamertinus could issue post warrants, but the Vicars were given twelve blank warrants to be used as they saw fit, and each governor was given two. Continuing the trend of bureaucratic reform, Julian also imposed penalties on governors who purposefully delayed appeals in court cases they had heard. The emperor also established a new official to weigh solidi used in official government transactions to combat coin clipping.
For Julian, reigning in the abuses of imperial bureaucrats was one step in restoring the prestige of the office of emperor. Because he could not affect all elements of society personally, Julian, like other Neo-Flavian emperors, decided to concentrate on select groups of societal elites as intercessors between himself and the general populace. One of these groups was the imperial bureaucracy. Julian made it very clear that imperial officials were intercessors in a very real sense in a letter to Alypius, Vicar of Britain. In this letter, sent from Gaul sometime before 361, the emperor praises Alypius for his use of "mildness and moderation with courage and force" in his rule of the provincials. Such virtues were characteristic of the emperors, and it was good that Alypius is representing Julian in this way. Julian courted the army because it put him in power. Another group he sought to include in his rule was the traditional Senatorial aristocracy. One of his first appointments as consul was Claudius Mamertinus, a Gallic Senator and rhetorician. Mamertinus' speech in praise of Julian delivered at Constantinople in January of 362 is preserved. In this speech, Claudius presented his consular selection as inaugurating a new golden age and Julian as the restorer of the empire founded by Augustus. The image Mamertinus gave of his own consulate inaugurating a new golden age is not merely formulaic. The comparison of Julian to Augustus has very real, if implicit, relevance to Claudius' situation. Claudius emphasized the imperial period as the true age of renewal. Augustus ushered in a new era with his formation of a partnership between the emperor and the Senate based upon a series of honors and offices bestowed upon the Senate in return for their role as intercessor between emperor and populace. It was this system that Julian was restoring, and the consulate was one concrete example of this bond. To be chosen as a consul by the emperor, who himself had been divinely mandated, was a divine honor. In addition to being named consul, Mamertinus went on to hold several offices under Julian, including the Prefecture of Italy, Illyricum, and Africa. Similarly, inscriptional evidence illustrates a link between municipal elites and Julian during his time as Caesar, something which continued after he became emperor. One concrete example comes from the municipal senate of Aceruntia in Apulia, which established a monument on which Julian is styled as "Repairer of the World."
Julian seems to have given up actual Christian belief before his acclamation as emperor and was a practitioner of more traditional Greco-Roman religious beliefs, in particular, a follower of certain late antique Platonist philosophers who were especially adept at theurgy as was noted earlier. In fact Julian himself spoke of his conversion to Neo-Platonism in a letter to the Alexandrians written in 363. He stated that he had abandoned Christianity when he was twenty years old and been an adherent of the traditional Greco-Roman deities for the twelve years prior to writing this letter.
(For the complete text of this article see: http://www.roman-emperors.org/julian.htm)
Julian’s Persian Campaign
The exact goals Julian had for his ill-fated Persian campaign were never clear. The Sassanid Persians, and before them the Parthians, had been a traditional enemy from the time of the Late Republic, and indeed Constantius had been conducting a war against them before Julian's accession forced the former to forge an uneasy peace. Julian, however, had no concrete reason to reopen hostilities in the east. Socrates Scholasticus attributed Julian's motives to imitation of Alexander the Great, but perhaps the real reason lay in his need to gather the support of the army. Despite his acclamation by the Gallic legions, relations between Julian and the top military officers was uneasy at best. A war against the Persians would have brought prestige and power both to Julian and the army.
Julian set out on his fateful campaign on 5 March 363. Using his trademark strategy of striking quickly and where least expected, he moved his army through Heirapolis and from there speedily across the Euphrates and into the province of Mesopotamia, where he stopped at the town of Batnae. His plan was to eventually return through Armenia and winter in Tarsus. Once in Mesopotamia, Julian was faced with the decision of whether to travel south through the province of Babylonia or cross the Tigris into Assyria, and he eventually decided to move south through Babylonia and turn west into Assyria at a later date. By 27 March, he had the bulk of his army across the Euphrates, and had also arranged a flotilla to guard his supply line along the mighty river. He then left his generals Procopius and Sebastianus to help Arsacius, the king of Armenia and a Roman client, to guard the northern Tigris line. It was also during this time that he received the surrender of many prominent local leaders who had nominally supported the Persians. These men supplied Julian with money and troops for further military action against their former masters. Julian decided to turn south into Babylonia and proceeded along the Euphrates, coming to the fortress of Cercusium at the junction of the Abora and Euphrates Rivers around the first of April, and from there he took his army west to a region called Zaitha near the abandoned town of Dura where they visited the tomb of the emperor Gordian which was in the area. On April 7 he set out from there into the heart of Babylonia and towards Assyria.
Ammianus then stated that Julian and his army crossed into Assyria, which on the face of things appears very confusing. Julian still seems to be operating within the province of Babylonia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The confusion is alleviated when one realizes that,for Ammianus, the region of Assyria encompassed the provinces of Babylonia and Assyria. On their march, Julian's forces took the fortress of Anatha, received the surrender and support of several more local princes, and ravaged the countryside of Assyria between the rivers. As the army continued south, they came across the fortresses Thilutha and Achaiachala, but these places were too well defended and Julian decided to leave them alone. Further south were the cities Diacira and Ozogardana, which the Roman forces sacked and burned. Soon, Julian came to Pirisabora and a brief siege ensued, but the city fell and was also looted and destroyed. It was also at this time that the Roman army met its first systematic resistance from the Persians. As the Romans penetrated further south and west, the local inhabitants began to flood their route. Nevertheless, the Roman forces pressed on and came to Maiozamalcha, a sizable city not far from Ctesiphon. After a short siege, this city too fell to Julian. Inexorably, Julian's forces zeroed in on Ctesiphon, but as they drew closer, the Persian resistance grew fiercer, with guerilla raids whittling at Julian's men and supplies. A sizable force of the army was lost and the emperor himself was almost killed taking a fort a few miles from the target city.
Finally, the army approached Ctesiphon following a canal that linked the Tigris and Euphrates. It soon became apparent after a few preliminary skirmishes that a protracted siege would be necessary to take this important city. Many of his generals, however, thought that pursuing this course of action would be foolish. Julian reluctantly agreed, but became enraged by this failure and ordered his fleet to be burned as he decided to march through the province of Assyria. Julian had planned for his army to live off the land, but the Persians employed a scorched-earth policy. When it became apparent that his army would perish (because his supplies were beginning to dwindle) from starvation and the heat if he continued his campaign, and also in the face of superior numbers of the enemy, Julian ordered a retreat on 16 June. As the Roman army retreated, they were constantly harassed by guerilla strikes. It was during one of these raids that Julian got caught up in the fighting and took a spear to his abdomen. Mortally wounded he was carried to his tent, where, after conferring with some of his officers, he died. The date was 26 June 363.
Conclusion
Thus an ignominious end for a man came about who had hoped to restore the glory of the Roman empire during his reign as emperor. Due to his intense hatred of Christianity, the opinion of posterity has not been kind to Julian. The contemporary opinion, however, was overall positive. The evidence shows that Julian was a complex ruler with a definite agenda to use traditional social institutions in order to revive what he saw as a collapsing empire. In the final assessment, he was not so different from any of the other emperors of the fourth century. He was a man grasping desperately to hang on to a Greco-Roman conception of leadership that was undergoing a subtle yet profound change.
Copyright (C) 2002, Walter E. Roberts and Michael DiMaio, Jr. Used by permission.
In reality, Julian worked to promote culture and philosophy in any manifestation. He tried to reduce taxes and the public debts of municipalities; he augmented administrative decentralisation; he promoted a campaign of austerity to reduce public expenditure (setting himself as the example). He reformed the postal service and eliminated the powerful secret police.
by Federico Morando; JULIAN II, The Apostate, See the Julian II Page on NumisWiki
Flavius Claudius Iulianus was born in 331 or maybe 332 A.D. in Constantinople. He ruled the Western Empire as Caesar from 355 to 360 and was hailed Augustus by his legions in Lutetia (Paris) in 360. Julian was a gifted administrator and military strategist. Famed as the last pagan emperor, his reinstatement of the pagan religion earned him the moniker "the Apostate." As evidenced by his brilliant writing, some of which has survived to the present day, the title "the Philosopher" may have been more appropriate. He died from wounds suffered during the Persian campaign of 363 A.D. Joseph Sermarini, FORVM.
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
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161-169 AD - LUCIUS VERUS AE dupondius - struck 165-166 ADobv: L VERVS AVG ARM PARTH MAX (radiate head right)
rev: TR POT VI IMP III COS II (parthian captive seated right at base of trophy, hands tied behind back, arms before), S-C in field
ref: RIC III 1445 (M.Aurelius) (C), C202 (3frcs)
mint: Rome
12.08gms, 24mm
Scarce
History: Between 162 and 166 Verus was in the East, nominally commanding a campaign against the Parthian empire for the control over the Armenian kingdom. Statius Priscus, Avidius Cassius and Martius Verus generals were entrusted with real command of the legions. Cassius led the overall campaign, destroyed the city of Seleucia on the Tigris and burned to the ground the palace at the capital Ctesiphon; Priscus led the invasion of Armenia that took the capital of Artashat (Artaxata); Martius Verus is limited only to the mention of his name by the ancients, but he was later the governor of Cappadocia. Lucius Verus received the title Parthicus Maximus in Aug. 165 AD.berserker
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1643 Hadrian AS Roma 134-38 AD Cappadocia Reference.
RIC 848c; C. 205; BMC 1730; Strack 714; RIC 1643
Bust C2
Obv. HADRIANVS AVG COS III P P
Laureate, draped bust, viewed from side
Rev. CAPPADOCIA, S C across field
Cappadocia wearing turreted headdress and fur trimmed cloak, standing left, holding Mount Argaeus and vexillum
13.91 gr
28 mm
6hokidoki
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1645 Hadrian AS Roma 134-38 AD CappadociaReference.
RIC 1645; C. 205; BMC 1730; Strack 714.
Bust C2+
Obv. HADRIANVS AVG COS III P P
Bust of Hadrian, bare head draped
Rev. CAPPADOCIA, S C across field
Cappadocia towered wearing tunic and cloak with tassels standing left holding a miniature of Mount Argaeus and a standard.
11.24 gr
26 mm
12h
Note.
Ex Charles Darrah Collection of Flavian and Antonine Bronzes. okidoki
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1an GermanicusAdopted by Tiberius in 4 AD, died mysteriously in 19
As, struck by Caligula
Bare head, left, GERMANICVS CAESAR TI AVGVST F DIVI AVG N
C CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS PON M TR POT SC
RIC 57
Germanicus Julius Caesar (c16 BC-AD 19) was was born in Lugdunum, Gaul (modern Lyon). At birth he was named either Nero Claudius Drusus after his father or Tiberius Claudius Nero after his uncle. He received the agnomen Germanicus, in 9 BC, when it was posthumously awarded to his father in honour of his victories in Germania. Germanicus was the grandson-in-law and great-nephew of the Emperor Augustus, nephew and adoptive son of the Emperor Tiberius, father of the Emperor Caligula, brother of the Emperor Claudius, and the maternal grandfather of the Emperor Nero. He married his maternal second cousin Agrippina the Elder, a granddaughter of Augustus, between 5 and 1 BC. The couple had nine children. Two died very young; another, Gaius Julius Caesar, died in early childhood. The remaining six were: Nero Caesar, Drusus Caesar, the Emperor Caligula, the Empress Agrippina the Younger, Julia Drusilla, and Julia Livilla.
According to Suetonius: Germanicus, who was the son of Drusus the Elder and Antonia the Younger, was adopted (in 4AD) by Germanicus’s paternal uncle, Tiberius. He served as quaestor (in7AD) five years before the legal age and became consul (in12AD) without holding the intermediate offices. On the death of Augustus (in AD14) he was appointed to command the army in Germany, where, his filial piety and determination vying for prominence, he held the legions to their oath, though they stubbornly opposed Tiberius’s succession, and wished him to take power for himself.
He followed this with victory in Germany, for which he celebrated a triumph (in 17 AD), and was chosen as consul for a second time (18 AD) though unable to take office as he was despatched to the East to restore order there. He defeated the forces of the King of Armenia, and reduced Cappadocia to provincial status, but then died at Antioch, at the age of only thirty-three (in AD 19), after a lingering illness, though there was also suspicion that he had been poisoned. For as well as the livid stains which covered his body, and the foam on his lips, the heart was found entire among the ashes after his cremation, its total resistance to flame being a characteristic of that organ, they say, when it is filled with poison.
All considered Germanicus exceptional in body and mind, to a quite outstanding degree. Remarkably brave and handsome; a master of Greek and Latin oratory and learning; singularly benevolent; he was possessed of a powerful desire and vast capacity for winning respect and inspiring affection.
His scrawny legs were less in keeping with the rest of his figure, but he gradually fleshed them out by assiduous exercise on horseback after meals. He often killed enemy warriors in hand-to-hand combat; still pleaded cases in the courts even after receiving his triumph; and left various Greek comedies behind amongst other fruits of his studies.
At home and abroad his manners were unassuming, such that he always entered free or allied towns without his lictors.
Whenever he passed the tombs of famous men, he always offered a sacrifice to their shades. And he was the first to initiate a personal search for the scattered remains of Varus’s fallen legionaries, and have them gathered together, so as to inter them in a single burial mound.
As for Germanicus, Tiberius appreciated him so little, that he dismissed his famous deeds as trivial, and his brilliant victories as ruinous to the Empire. He complained to the Senate when Germanicus left for Alexandria (AD19) without consulting him, on the occasion there of a terrible and swift-spreading famine. It was even believed that Tiberius arranged for his poisoning at the hands of Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, the Governor of Syria, and that Piso would have revealed the written instructions at his trial, had Tiberius not retrieved them during a private interview, before having Piso put to death. As a result, the words: ‘Give us back Germanicus!’ were posted on the walls, and shouted at night, all throughout Rome. The suspicion surrounding Germanicus’ death (19 AD) was deepened by Tiberius’s cruel treatment of Germanicus’s wife, Agrippina the Elder, and their children.Blindado
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1cx Valerian253-260
Antoninianus
Radiate draped and cuirassed bust, right, IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG
Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm, VICTORIA AVGG
RIC 125
Persians surrounded Valerian's army in the East in 260 and took the emperor prisoner. He died on an unknown date in captivity.
Zosimus noted: The nations subject to the Romans being unable to endure [Maximinus'] monstrous cruelty, and greatly distressed by the ravages he committed, the Africans proclaimed Gordianus and his son, of the same name, emperors, and sent ambassadors to Rome, one of whom was Valerianus, a man of consular rank, who afterwards himself became emperor. . . .
Aemilianus advanced with great speed into Italy, and the armies were very near to each other, when the soldiers of Gallus, reflecting that his force was much inferior to the enemy both in number and strength, and likewise that he was a negligent indolent man, put him and his son to death, and going over to the party of Aemilianus, appeared to establish his authority. But Valerianus brought into Italy from beyond the Alps a vast army, with which he deemed himself secure of conquering Aemilianus. The soldiers of Aemilianus, who saw that his conduct was more like that of a private sentinel than of an emperor, now put him to death as a person unfit for so weighty a charge.
By these means Valerianus became emperor with universal consent, and employed himself in the regulation of affairs. But the excursions of the Scythians, and of the Marcomanni, who made an inroad into all the countries adjacent to the empire, reduced Thessalonica to extreme danger; and though they were with muct difficulty compelled to raise the siege by the brave defence of those within, yet all Greece was in alarm. The Athenians repaired their walls, which they had never thought worth their care since Sylla threw them down. The Peloponnesians likewise fortified the Isthmus, and all Greece put itself upon its guard for the general security.
Valerianus, perceiving the empire in danger on every side, associated his son Gallienus with himself in the government! and went himself into the east to oppose the Persians. He entrusted to his son the care of the forces in Europe, thus leaving him to resist the Barbarians who poured in upon him in every direction. . . .
Valerianus had by this time heard of the disturbances in Bithynia, but his district would not allow him to confide the defence of it to any of his generals. He therefore sent Felix to Byzantium, and went in person from Antioch into Cappadocia, and after he had done some injury to every city by which he passed, he returned homeward. But the plague then attacked his troops, and destroyed most of them, at the time when Sapor made an attempt upon the east, and reduced most of it into subjection. In the mean time, Valerianus became so effeminate and indolent, that he dispaired of ever recovering from the present ill state of affairs, and would have concluded the war by a present of money; had not Sapor sent back the ambasadors who were sent to him with that proposal, without their errand, desiring the emperor to come and speak with him in person concerning the affairs he wished to adjust; To which he most imprudently consented, and going without consideration to Sapor with a small retinue, to treat for a peace, was presently laid hold of by the enemy, and so ended his days in the capacity of a slave among the Persians, to the disgrace of the Roman name in all future times.Blindado
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1dm Tacitus275-276
AE antoninianus
Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust, right, IMP C M CL TACITVS AVG
Mars stg, MARTI PACIF
RIC 145
A rare emperor nominated by the Senate after the death of the widely revered Aurelianus.
Zonaras recorded: Tacitus, an elderly man, succeeded him. For it is written that he was seventy-five years old when he was chosen for monarchy. The army recognized him, though he was absent, for he was then residing in Campania. When he received the decision there, he entered Rome in private dress and, with the consent of the Senate and the People, donned the imperial garb.
The Scythians, having crossed Lake Maeotis and the Phasis River, attacked Pontus, Cappadocia, Galatia, and Cilicia. Tacitus, who had joined battle with them, and Florianus, who was prefect, slew many, and the remainder sought safety in flight. Tacitus appointed Maximinus, one of his kinsmen, as governor of Syria. But, when he behaved badly in his office, he was killed by his soldiers. Those who had killed him, frightened that the emperor would not leave them unpunished, set out after him too and killed him, not yet seven months after he had assumed sovereignty, but according to some not quite two years.
Zosimus, however, recorded, "Upon [Aurelianus'] death the empire fell into the hands of Tacitus, in whose time the Scythians crossed the Palus Maeotis, and made incursions through Pontus even into Cilicia, until he opposed them. Partly in person, and partly by Florianus, prefect of the court, whom he left in commission for that purpose, this emperor completely routed and destroyed them. He himself was going into Europe, but was thus circumvented and killed. He had committed the government of Syria to his cousin Maximinus, who treated the nobility of that country with such austerity, that he caused them both to hate and fear him. Their hatred became so excessive, that at length conspiring with the murderers of Aurelianus, they assaulted Maximinus, and having killed him, fell on and slew Tacitus also as he was upon his departure."Blindado
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1er Procopius365-366
AE3
Diademed, draped & cuirassed bust left, D N PROCOPIVS P F AVG
Procopius standing facing, head right, holding labarum in right hand, left resting on shield set on the ground; Chi-rho in upper right field & unidentified object in left at foot; mintmark CONS Gamma.
RIC 17a
Zosimus tells us: On [Valens'] departure from Constantinople, the rebellion of Procopius commenced. This person had been intrusted by Julian, being one of his relations, with a part of his forces, and had been charged to march with Sebastianus through Adiabene, and to meet Julian, who took another route. Permission, moreover, was given him to wear a purple robe, for a reason which no other person was acquainted with. But the deity being pleased to ordain it otherwise, and Jovian having succeeded to the imperial dignity, Procopius immediately delivered up the imperial robe which he had received from Julian, confessing why it had been given to him, and entreating the emperor to absolve him from his military oath, and to allow him to live in retirement, and to attend to agriculture and his own private affairs. Having obtained this, he went with his wife and children to Caesarea in Cappadocia, intending to reside in that place, where he possessed a valuable estate. During his abode there, Valentinian and Valens being made emperors, and being suspicious of him, sent persons to take him into custody. In that they found no difficulty, for he surrendered himself voluntarily; and desired them to carry him wherever they pleased, if they would suffer him first to see his children. To this they consented, and he prepared an entertainment for them. When he perceived them to be intoxicated, he and his family fled towards the Taurica Chersonesus. Having remained there for some time, he found the inhabitants to he a faithless race, and was apprehensive lest they should deliver him to his persecutors. He, therefore, put himself and his family on board a trading vessel, and arrived in the night at Constantinople. He there resided in the house of an old acquaintance, and making observations on the state of the city after the departure of the emperor, he attempted to raise himself to the empire, and formed his design on the following incident.
A eunuch, named Eugenius, had not long before been discharged from the court, who entertained but little friendship for the emperors. Procopius therefore won this man to his interest. . . . Their first attempt was to bribe the court guards, which consisted of two legions. Then arming the slaves, and collecting with ease a considerable multitude, chiefly volunteers, they sent them in the night into the city, and occasioned a general commotion; the people issuing from their houses, and gazing on Procopiusas on a king made in a theatre. But the city being in general confusion, and no person being sufficiently collected in mind by reason of the surprise to know how to act, Procopius imagined his design to be still undiscovered, and that he might secure the empire if the enterprise were no further revealed. Having then seized on Cesarius, whom the emperors had made prefect of the city, and on Nebridius, who was appointed to succeed Sallustius in tbe prefecture of the court, he compelled them to write to the subjects of the empire whatever he wished. He also kept them separate, that they might not consult with each other. Having formed these projects, he proceeded in a splendid manner towards the palace. Ascending a tribunal before the gate, he gave the people great hopes and promises. He then entered the palace to provide for the remainder of his affairs.
The new emperors having divided the army between them, Procopius determined to send persons to the soldiers, who were as yet in confusion, and went by the command of the emperors from place to place without any order. He thus hoped to seduce some of them to his party. Nor did he fail of accomplishing his purpose with ease by distributing money amongst the soldiers and their officers; by which means he collected a considerable force, and prepared to make an open attack on the enemy. Procopius then sent Marcellus into Bithynia with an army against Serenianus and the imperial cavalry that was under his command, in hope of cutting them to pieces. This force having fled to Cyzicus, Marcellus, whose army was superior to theirs both by sea and land, took possession of that town; and having taken Serenianus, who fled into Lydia, put him to death. Procopius was so elevated by this fortunate commencement, that his forces considerably augmented, many being of opinion that he was able to contend with the emperors. Both the Roman legions and the Barbarian troops now flocked to his standard. Besides the reputation of being related to Julian, and of having accompanied him in all the wars he had ever been engaged in, attracted many partizans. He likewise sent ambassadors to the chief of Scythia beyond the Ister, who sent to his assistance ten thousand men. The other Barbarian nations likewise sent auxiliaries to share in the expedition. Procopius however considered that it would be imprudent in him to engage with both emperors together, and therefore thought it best to advance against him who was nearest, and afterwards deliberate on what course to pursue.
Thus was Procopius employed; while the emperor Valens, who heard of this insurrection at Galatia in Phrygia, was filled with consternation at the news. Arbitrio having encouraged him not to despair, he prepared the troops that were with him for war, and sent to his brother to inform him of the designs of Procopius. Valentinian however was little disposed for sending auxiliaries to one who was incapable of defending the empire committed to his charge. Valens was therefore under the necessity of. preparing for war, and appointed Arbitrio to the command of his army. When the armies were ready to engage, Arbitrio circumvented Procopius by a stratagem, and thereby seduced from him a great number of his men, from whom he received previous information of the designs of Procopius. On the advance of the emperor and Procopius towards each other, the two armies met near Thyatira. Procopius at first appeared to have the advantage, by which he would have gained the supreme authority, Hormisdas in the engagement having overpowered the enemy. But Gomarius, another of the commanders of Procopius, imparting his intention to all the soldiers of Procopius who were attached to the emperor, in the midst of the battle cried out Augustus, and gave a signal for them to imitate his example. Thus the most of the troops of Procopius went over to Valens.
After having obtained this victory, Valens marched to Sardes, and from thence into Phrygia, where he found Procopius in a town called Nacolia. Affairs having been ordered for the advantage of the emperor by Naplo, an officer of Procopius, Valens again prevailed, and took him prisoner, and soon afterwards Marcellus, both of whom he put to death. Blindado
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203. MACRINUSMACRINUS. 217-218 AD.
Caracalla's mother, Julia Domna, had toyed with the idea of raising a rebellion against Macrinus shortly after her son's murder, but the empress was uncertain of success and already suffering from breast cancer. She chose to starve herself to death instead.
The grandchildren of her sister, Julia Maesa, would become the focus of the successful uprising that began on 15 May 218. Her 14-year-old grandson Avitus (known to history as Elagabalus) was proclaimed emperor by one the legions camped near the family's hometown of Emesa. Other troops quickly joined the rebellion, but Macrinus marshalled loyal soldiers to crush the revolt. Macrinus also promoted his son to the rank of emperor.
The forces met in a village outside Antioch on 8 June 218. Despite the inexperience of the leaders of the rebel army, Macrinus was defeated. He sent his son, Diadumenianus, with an ambassador to the Parthian king, while Macrinus himself prepared to flee to Rome. Macrinus traveled across Asia Minor disguised as a courier and nearly made it to Europe, but he was captured in Chalcedon. Macrinus was transported to Cappadocia, where he was executed. Diadumenianus had also been captured (at Zeugma) and was similarly put to death.
Contemporaries tended to portray Macrinus as a fear-driven parvenu who was able to make himself emperor but was incapable of the leadership required by the job. An able administrator, Macrinus lacked the aristocratic connections and personal bravado that might have won him legitimacy. His short reign represented a brief interlude of Parthian success during what would prove the final decade of the Parthian empire.
AR Denarius (18mm 3.55 gm). IMP C M OPEL SEV MACRINVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust with short beard right / SALVS PVBLICA, Salus seated left, feeding snake rising up from altar, holding sceptre in left. RIC IV 86; Good VF; Ex-CNGecoli
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22151 Lucious Verus/Mt Argeus22151 Lucius Verus/Mt. Argaeus
Obv: AVTOKRA OYHROC CEBACTOC,
laureate head right.
KAICAREWN T P ARGAIW,
Mount Argaeus with tall conical top.
Date ?TB below.
Cappadocia. 161–169 AD
23mm 7.9g
Sydenham 360; BMC 198-200
Ex Themis AuctionsBlayne W
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22152 Julia Maesa/Mt Argaeus22152 Julia Maesa/Mt Argaeus
Julia Maesa (Augusta, 218-224/5).
Obv: IOVΛIA MAICA CЄBACTH.
Draped bust right, wearing stephane.
Rev: MHTPOΠ KAICAPIA.
Agalma of Mt. Argaeus, with three statues, set upon altar inscribed ЄT B.
CAPPADOCIA. Caesarea.
27mm 11.6 g
Cf. Sydenham 529-30.
Blayne W
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22153 Trajan/ Mt Argaeus22153 Trajan/ Mt Argaeus
Trajan. A.D. 98-117. AE
Obv: AY KAI NEΡ TΡAINOC CEB ΓEΡ
Laureate head of Trajan right
Rev: EΠI OMO
Mt. Argaeus, wreath above
date ET Iς in exergue
Cappadocia, Caesarea.
16 mm 3.1g
Cf. RPC III 3132
Blayne W
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22154 Antoninus Pius/ Mt Argaeus22154 Antoninus Pius/ Mt Argaeus
Antoninus Pius, AE22
Obv: AYT K ANTwNEINOC CEBACT,
laureate head right.
Rev: KAICAREWN T PR (ARGAIw) around, ET KB below,
Mount Argaios with a tall pyramidal top (baetyl?) on its summit.
Caesarea, Cappadocia
22mm 8.6g
cf Syd. 315-316; BMC 160 and SNG von Aulock 6428 (obv legend with CEBA only)
Coin listed on Wildwinds
Blayne W
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22182 Severus Alexander/Mt Argeous22182 Severus Alexander/Mt Argeous
Obv: AV K CEOV AΛEXANΔΡOC,
Laureate head right
Rev: MHTΡOΠ KAICAΡ,
Mt. Argaeus on a garlanded altar. surmounted by wreath, ETΔ in ex.
Mint: Caesarea, Cappadocia 27.6mm 13.3g
Sydenham 556
Blayne W
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22246 Ariarathes V/Athena22246 Ariarathes V/Athena
Obv: Diademed head of Ariarathes V right
Rev: BAΣIΛEΩΣ AΡIAΡAΘOY EYΣEBOYΣ
Athena standing left, holding Nike and resting hand on
grounded shield, AY monogram in outer left field, PAFI
monogram in inner left field, monogram in outer right
field,
ΓA (date) in exergue
Cappadocian Kingdom 18.5mm 4.0g
SNG Copenhagen Suppl. 645–646. Simonetta p. 23, 13b
Blayne W
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28. Antiochos-VII.Tetradrachm, 138-129 BC.
Obverse: Diademed head of Antiochos VII.
Reverse: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΟΣ ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ / Athena standing, holding Nike, spear, and shield. Monogram and A at left, O at right.
16.81 gm., 27 mm.
This coin was purchased in 1997 as a tetradrachm of Antiochus VII before the posthumous tetradrachms of Antiochus VII were identified.
In 2002 a tetradrachm was discovered that bore a portrait of Antiochus VII but was in the name of Ariarathese VII of Cappadocia. Research eventually die-linked tetradrachms of Antiochus VII to those of Ariarathese VII, and concluded that numerous tetradrachms in the name of Antiochus VII were actually issued by Ariarathese VII around 104-102 BC. This research was published as Cappadician Tetradrachms in the Name of Antiochus VII by Catharine Lorber and Arthur Houghton (NC 166, 2006).
Recently Elke Krengle and Catharine Lorber published Early Cappadocian Tetradrachms in the Name of Antiochus VII. This is a more in-depth look at these tetradrachms, and this coin is listed there:
See table 1 on p. 65, and plate 11:
Mint II, Emission 5: control mark O, #117-171. All the dies are not illustrated, so I do not know exactly which number between 117 and 171 is actually this coin.Callimachus
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2952 CAPPADOCIA, Tyana. Hadrian 117-18 AD Tyche seated on throneReference.
RPC III, 2952/8; SNG Leypold 2821
Issue Year 2
Obv. AVTO KAIC TPAIA AΔPIANOC CЄBACTOC.
Laureate head right.
Rev. ΤΥΑΝΕωΝ ΤΗС ΙΕΡΑС ΑСΥΛΟΥ ΑΥΤΟΝΟΜΟΥ
Tyche seated l., holding ears of corn and bunch of grapes in her r. hand; below, river-god l.; in field, l. and r., ΕΤ Β
11.05 gr
25 mm
12hokidoki
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2952 CAPPADOCIA, Tyana. Hadrian 117-18 AD Tyche seated on throneReference.
RPC III, 2952/10; SNG Leypold 2821
Issue Year 2
Obv. ΑΥΤΟ ΚΑΙ ΤΡΑΙΑ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС СΕΒΑСΤΟС
Laureate head of Hadrian, right
Rev. ΤΥΑΝΕωΝ ΤΗС ΙΕΡΑС ΑСΥΛΟΥ ΑΥΤΟΝΟΜΟΥ
Tyche seated l., holding ears of corn and bunch of grapes in her r. hand; below, river-god l.; in field, l. and r., ΕΤ Β
10.15 gr
25 mm
12hokidoki
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2952 CAPPADOCIA, Tyana. Hadrian 117-18 AD Tyche seated on throneReference.
RPC III, 2952/12; SNG Leypold 2821
Issue Year 2
Obv. ΑΥΤΟ ΚΑΙ ΤΡΑΙΑ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС СΕΒΑСΤΟY (sic)
Laureate head of Hadrian, right
Rev. ΤΥΑΝΕωΝ ΤΗС ΙΕΡΑС ΑСΥΛΟΥ ΑΥΤΟΝΟΜΟΥ
Tyche seated l., holding ears of corn and bunch of grapes in her r. hand; below, river-god l.; in field, l. and r., ΕΤ Β
10.96 gr
24 mm
12hokidoki
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2953 CAPPADOCIA, Tyana. Hadrian 120-21 AD Tyche seatedReference.
RPC III, 2953/8;
Issue Year 5
Obv. AY ΚΑΙ ΤΡΑΙΑ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС СΕΒΑСΤΟС
Laureate head of Hadrian, right
Rev. ΕΤ Ε ΤΥΑΝΕωΝ
Tyche seated l., holding a pomegranate in her r. hand, her l. resting on sceptre
7.84 gr
20 mm
12hokidoki
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2953 CAPPADOCIA, Tyana. Hadrian 120-21 AD Tyche seatedReference.
RPC III, 2953;
Issue Year 5
Obv. AY ΚΑΙ ΤΡΑΙΑ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС СΕΒΑСΤΟС
Laureate head of Hadrian, right
Rev. ΕΤ Ε ΤΥΑΝΕωΝ
Tyche seated l., holding a pomegranate in her r. hand, her l. resting on sceptre
6.47 gr
20.15 mm
12hokidoki
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2954 CAPPADOCIA, Tyana. Hadrian 120-21 AD Athena standingReference.
RPC III, 2954/9; SNG von Aulock 6537
Issue Year 5
Obv. Є - TЄ.
Laureate head right
Rev. ΤΥΑΝЄωΝ.
Athena standing left, holding crowning Nike and resting hand upon shield; spear behind to right.
3.02 gr
15 mm
12hokidoki
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2954 CAPPADOCIA, Tyana. Hadrian 120-21 AD Athena standingReference.
RPC III 2954.7; vA 6537
Issue Year 5
Obv. ΕΤ Ε
Laureate head of Hadrian, right
Rev. ΤΥΑΝΕωΝ
Athena standing l., holding Nike in her r. hand, l. resting on shield and spear
4.23 gr
16 mm
12h
Note.
Gorny and Mosch 212, 2 March 2013, lot 2512okidoki
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2955 CAPPADOCIA, Tyana. Hadrian 135-36 AD Tyche seated on throneReference.
RPC III, 2955; SNG von Aulock 6538-9; Lindgren I 1735; cf SNG Cop 316.
Issue Year 20
Obv. AVTO KAIC TPAIA AΔPIANOC CЄBACTOC.
Laureate head right.
Rev. TVANЄΩN TΩN T T IЄP ACV AVT. ЄT K (date) across field
Tyche seated left on throne decorated with sphinx, holding grain ears and bunch of grapes; below, river god swimming left, head facing, holding club
10.2 gr
25 mm
12hokidoki
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2955 CAPPADOCIA, Tyana. Hadrian 135-36 AD Tyche seated on throneReference.
RPC III, 2955/15; SNG von Aulock 6538-9; Lindgren I 1735; cf SNG Cop 316.
Issue Year 20
Obv. AVTO KAIC TPAIA AΔPIANOC CЄBACTOC.
Laureate head right.
Rev. TVANЄΩN TΩN T T IЄP ACV AVT. ЄT K across field
Tyche seated l. on rocks, holding ears of corn and buch of grapes in her r. hand, her l. resting on seat; below, river god, holding club, l.; in field, l. and r., ΕΤ Κ; (crescent in right field above K)
11.04 gr
25 mm
12h
Note.
ex Lindgren 1735okidoki
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2955 CAPPADOCIA, Tyana. Hadrian 135-36 AD Tyche seated on throneReference.
RPC III, 2955/25; cf SNG von Aulock 6538-9; Lindgren I 1735; cf SNG Cop 316. (crescent)
Issue Year 20
Obv. AVTO KAIC TPAIA AΔPIANOC CЄBACTOC.
Laureate head right.
Rev. TVANЄΩN TΩN T T IЄP ACV AVT. ЄT K (date) across field
Tyche seated left on throne decorated with sphinx, holding grain ears and bunch of grapes and below crescent; below, river god swimming left, head facing, holding club
11.15 gr
26 mm
12hokidoki
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2955 CAPPADOCIA, Tyana. Hadrian Æ 135-36 AD Tyche seated on throneReference.
RPC III, 2955; SNG von Aulock 6538-9; Lindgren I 1735; cf SNG Cop 316.
Issue Year 20
Obv. AVTO KAIC TPAI AΔPIANOC CЄBACTOC.
Laureate head right.
Rev. TVANЄΩN TΩN T T IЄP ACV AVT. ЄT K (date) across field
Tyche seated left on throne decorated with sphinx, holding grain ears and bunch of grapes; below, river god swimming left, head facing, holding club
11.26 gr
25 mm
12hokidoki
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2956 CAPPADOCIA, Tyana. Hadrian 135-36 AD Athena standingReference.
RPC III, 2956; BMC -; SNG Copenhagen -; SNG von Aulock
Issue Year 20
Obv. ΑΥΤΟ ΚΑΙС ΤΡΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС СΕΒΑСΤΟС
Laureate head of Hadrian, right
Rev. ΤΥΑΝΕΩΝ ΤΩΝ [ΠΡ Τ(Α) ΙΕΡ] ΑСΥ ΑΥΤΟ
Athena standing l., holding Nike in her r. hand, l. resting on shield and spear; in field, l. and r., ΕΤ Κ
6.53 gr
20 mm
12hokidoki
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2956 CAPPADOCIA, Tyana. Hadrian 135-36 AD Athena standingReference.
RPC III, 2956; BMC -; SNG Copenhagen -; SNG von Aulock
Issue Year 20
Obv. ΑΥΤΟ ΚΑΙС ΤΡΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС СΕΒΑСΤΟС
Laureate head of Hadrian, right
Rev. ΤΥΑΝΕΩΝ ΤΩΝ [ΠΡ Τ(Α) ΙΕΡ] ΑСΥ ΑΥΤΟ
Athena standing l., holding Nike in her r. hand, l. resting on shield and spear; in field, l. and r., ΕΤ Κ
5.90 gr
19 mm
12hokidoki
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2956A CAPPADOCIA, Tyana. Hadrian 135-36 AD HarpaReference.
RPC III, 2956A
Issue Year 20
Obv. ΑΥΤΟ ΚΑΙ ΤΡ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ ϹΕΒΑϹΤ
laureate head of Hadrian, right
Rev. ΤΥΑΝΕΩΝ Τ ΠΡ ΤΑ ΙΕΡ ΑϹΥ ΑΥΤ, ΕΤ Κ
Harpa
2.99 gr
17 mm
12hokidoki
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2957 CAPPADOCIA, Tyana. Hadrian, 135-36 AD ClubReference
RPC III, 2957/5; Ganschow 1013
Issue Year 20
Obv. ΑΥ ΚΑΙ ΤΡ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС СΕΒΑСΤΟС
Laureate head of Hadrian, right
Rev. ΤΥΑΝΕΩΝ ΤΩ ΠΡ ΤΑ ΙΕΡ ΑСΥ ΑΥΤ
Club; in field, l. and r., ΕΤ Κ
4.29 gr
17 mm
12hokidoki
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2957 CAPPADOCIA, Tyana. Hadrian, 135-36 AD ClubReference
RPC III, 2957;
Issue Year 20
Obv. ΑΥ ΚΑΙ ΤΡ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС СΕΒΑСΤΟС
Laureate head of Hadrian, right
Rev. ΤΥΑΝΕΩΝ ΤΩ ΠΡ ΤΑ ΙΕΡ ΑСΥ ΑΥΤ
Club; in field, l. and r., ΕΤ Κ
4.45 gr
17 mm
12hokidoki
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2958 CAPPADOCIA, Tyana. Hadrian 135-36 AD Perseus standingReference.
RPC III, 2958;
Issue Year 20
Obv AYTO KAI TP ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС СΕΒΑСΤ
Laureate head of Hadrian, right.
Rev. ΤΥΑΝΕΩΝ ΤΩ ΠΡ Τ ΙΕΡ ΑС, ΕΤ - Κ (in field)
Perseus standing facing, holding head of Medusa and harpa.
3.30 gr
16 mm
12hokidoki
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2959 CAPPADOCIA, Tyana. Hadrian 136-37 AD Athena standingReference.
RPC III, 2959; Waddington 6807; BMC –; SNG Copenhagen –; SNG von Aulock –
Issue Year 21
Obv. ΑΥΤΟ ΚΑΙС ΤΡΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС СΕΒΑСΤΟС
Laureate head of Hadrian, right
Rev. ΤΥΑΝΕΩΝ ΤΩΝ ΠΡ [Τ(Α) ΙΕΡ ΑСΥ ΑΥ(ΤΟ)]
Athena standing l., holding Nike in her r. hand, l. resting on shield and spear; in field, l. and r., ΕΤ ΚA
6.09 gr
19 mm
12hokidoki
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2959A CAPPADOCIA, Tyana. Hadrian, 136-37 AD ClubReference
RPC III, 2959A;
Issue Year 21
Obv. ΑΥ ΚΑΙ ΤΡ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ ϹΕΒΑϹΤ
Laureate head of Hadrian, right
Rev. ΤΥΑΝΕΩΝ ΤΩ ΠΡ ΤΑ ΙƐΡ ΑϹΥ ΑΥΤ
Club; in field, l. and r., ΕΤ ΚA
5.0 gr
16 mm
12hokidoki
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3071 CAPPADOCIA, Caesarea. Hadrian, Hemidrachm 119-20 AD Helios on Mt ArgaeusReference.
RPC III, 3071; S 258, Metcalf Conspectus 84, Ganschow 192
Issue Year 4
Obv. ΑΥΤΟ ΚΑΙϹ ΤΡΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ ϹΕΒΑϹΤ
Laureate head of Hadrian, r., with drapery on l. shoulder
Rev. ΕΤ Δ
Mount Argaeus surmounted by Helios standing l., holding globe in r. hand and sceptre in l.
1.7 gr
15 mm
12hokidoki
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3071 CAPPADOCIA, Caesarea. Hadrian, Hemidrachm 119-20 AD Helios on Mt ArgaeusReference.
RPC III, 3071/var.; S 258, Metcalf Conspectus 84, Ganschow 192
Issue Year 4
Obv. ΑΥΤΟ ΚΑΙϹ ΤΡΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ ϹΕΒΑϹΤ
Laureate head of Hadrian, right
Rev. ΕΤ Δ
Mount Argaeus surmounted by Helios standing l., holding globe in r. hand and sceptre in l.
1.6 gr
15.5 mm
12hokidoki
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3072 CAPPADOCIA, Caesarea. Hadrian, Hemidrachm 119-20 AD ClubReference.
RPC III, 3072; Sydenham, Caesarea 257; SNG Copenhagen 223; BMC 143
Issue Year 4
Obv. AVTO KAIC TRAI ADRIANOC CEBACT
Laureate head of Hadrian, r., with drapery on l. shoulder
Rev. Є T-Δ
Club, handle at top
1.92 gr
14 mm
12hokidoki
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3072 CAPPADOCIA, Caesarea. Hadrian, Hemidrachm 119-20 AD ClubReference.
RPC III, 3072; Sydenham, Caesarea 257; SNG Copenhagen 223; BMC 143
Issue Year 4
Obv. AVTO KAIC TRAI ADRIANOC CEBACT
Laureate head of Hadrian, r., with drapery on l. shoulder
Rev. Є T-Δ
Club, handle at top
1.89 gr
13.60 mm
12hokidoki
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3073 CAPPADOCIA, Caesarea. Hadrian, Hemidrachm 119-20 AD ClubReference.
RPC III, 3073; S —, Metcalf Conspectus —, Ganschow 193b
Issue Year 4
Obv. AVTO KAIC TRAI ADRIANOC CEBACT
Laureate and cuirassed bust of Hadrian, r., with paludamentum, seen from front
Rev. Є T-Δ
Club, handle at top
1.42 gr
13 mm
12hokidoki
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3074 CAPPADOCIA, Caesaraea. Hadrian Hemidrachm 119-20 AD Nike Reference.
RPC III, 3074; BMC 140f; Sydenham 255, Metcalf Conspectus 86a
Issue Year 4
Obv: ΑΥΤΟ ΚΑΙC ΤΡΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟC CΕΒΑCΤ.
Laureate bust right, slight drapery on far shoulder.
Rev: ΕΤ Δ.
Nike advancing right with shouldered palm branch in left and wreath in raised right hand; legend to right.
1.2 gr
15 mm
12hokidoki
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3074 CAPPADOCIA, Caesaraea. Hadrian Hemidrachm 119-20 AD NikeReference.
RPC III, 3074; BMC 140f; Sydenham 255, Metcalf Conspectus 86a
Issue Year 4
Obv: ΑΥΤΟ ΚΑΙC ΤΡΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟC CΕΒΑCΤ.
Laureate bust right, drapery on shoulder.
Rev: ΕΤ Δ.
Nike advancing right with shouldered palm branch in left and wreath in raised right hand; legend to right.
1.79 gr
15 mm
12hokidoki
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3075 CAPPADOCIA, Caesaraea. Hadrian Hemidrachm 119-20 AD NikeReference.
RPC III, 3075; S 256, Metcalf Conspectus 86b
Issue Year 4
Obv. ΑΥΤΟ ΚΑΙϹ ΤΡΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ ϹΕΒΑϹΤ
Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Hadrian, right, seen from front
Rev. ΕΤ Δ
Nike advancing r., holding wreath in r. hand, palm in left
1.61 gr
15 mm
12hokidoki
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3075 CAPPADOCIA, Caesaraea. Hadrian Hemidrachm 119-20 AD NikeReference.
RPC III, 3075; S 256, Metcalf Conspectus 86b
Issue Year 4
Obv. ΑΥΤΟ ΚΑΙϹ ΤΡΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ ϹΕΒΑϹΤ
Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Hadrian, right, seen from front
Rev. ΕΤ Δ
Nike advancing r., holding wreath in r. hand, palm in left
1.76 gr
15 mm
12hokidoki
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3076 CAPPADOCIA, Caesaraea Hadrian Hemirachm 120-21 AD NikeReference.
RPC III, 3076; Metcalf 86b; Sydenham 260; SNG von Aulock 6414
Issue Year 5
Obv. ΑΥΤΟ ΚΑΙϹ ΤΡΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ ϹΕΒΑϹΤ
laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Hadrian, r., seen from front.
Rev. ετε
Nike advancing right, holding wreath and palm.
2.02 gr
13 mm
1hokidoki
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3076 CAPPADOCIA, Caesarea. Hadrian Hemidrachm 120-21 AD Nike starReference.
RPC III, 3076/24; BMC p. 62, 146var; SNG Cop. 224var; SNG von Aulock 6414var; Sydenham p. 76, 260var (without star)
Issue Year 5
Obv. ΑΥΤΟ ΚΑΙС ΤΡΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС СΕΒΑСΤ
Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Hadrian, r., seen from front
Rev. ΕΤ Ε
Nike advancing right, star behind, holding wreath in r. hand, palm in left.
1.31 gr
14.2 mm
hokidoki
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3076A CAPPADOCIA, Caesaraea Hadrian Hemirachm 120-21 AD NikeReference.
RPC III 3076A;
Issue Year 5
Obv. ΑΥΤΟ ΚΑΙϹ ΤΡΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ ϹΕΒΑϹΤ
Laureate head of Hadrian, right
Rev. ΕΤ Ε
Nike advancing r., holding wreath in r. hand, palm in left
1.68 gr
15 mm
12hokidoki
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3077 CAPPADOCIA, Caesaraea Hadrian Hemirachm 119-21 AD NikeReference.
RPC III, 3077; S 254, Metcalf Conspectus 88, Ganschow 194b-c
Issue Undated
Obv. ΑΥΤΟ ΚΑΙϹ ΤΡΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ ϹΕΒΑϹΤ
Laureate head of Hadrian, r., with drapery
Rev. no legend
Nike advancing right, holding wreath and palm.
1.40 gr
15 mm
12hokidoki
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3078 CAPPADOCIA, Caesarea. Hadrian, Hemidrachm 119-21 AD Nike Reference.
RPC III, 3078; S 254a, Metcalf Conspectus 89
Issue Undated
Obv. ΑΥΤΟ ΚΑΙϹ ΤΡΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ ϹΕΒΑϹΤ
Laureate head of Hadrian, r., with drapery on l. shoulder
Rev.
Nike standing r.ight foot on step, inscribing shield
1.34 gr
14 mm
12hokidoki
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3081 CAPPADOCIA, Caesarea. Hadrian Didrachm Helios on Mt ArgaeusReference.
correction 3081 (RPC III, 3082/5); S —, Metcalf Conspectus 90c
Obv. ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙϹ ΤΡΑΙΑΝ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ ϹΕΒ
Laureate, head right
Rev. ΔΗΜΑΡΧ ΕΞ ΥΠΑΤ Γ
Mt Argaeus surmounted by Helios standing l., holding globe in r., sceptre in l.
6.70 gr
22 mm
6hokidoki
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3083A CAPPADOCIA, Caesarea. Hadrian Drachm, Helios on Mt ArgaeusReference.
cf RPC III, 3083; cf S 262, cf Metcalf Conspectus 91a
Obv. AΥΤ ΚΑΙϹ ΤΡΑΙΑΝ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ ϹΕΒ
Laureate head left
Rev. ΔΗΜΑΡΧ ΕΞ ΥΠΑΤ Γ
Mt Argaeus surmounted by Helios standing l., holding globe in r., sceptre in l.
2.81 gr
18 mm
6hokidoki
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3084 CAPPADOCIA, Caesaraea Hadrian Drachm Helios on Mt ArgaeusReference.
RPC III, 3084; Sydenham 262a; Metcalf Conspectus 91b
Obv. ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙС ΤΡΑΙΑΝ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС СΕΒ
Laureate head of Hadrian, r., with drapery on l. shoulder
Rev. ΔΗΜΑΡΧ ΕΞ ΥΠΑΤ Γ
Mt Argaeus surmounted by Helios standing l., holding globe in r., sceptre in left.
3.20 gr
18 mm
6h
Note the Hare on base of Mt Argaeusokidoki
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3087 CAPPADOCIA, Caesarea. Hadrian Didrachm 128-38 AD Helios on Mt ArgaeusReference.
RPC III, 3087; Metcalf 92a; Sydenham 263
Obv. ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС СΕΒΑСΤΟС
laureate head of Hadrian, right.
Rev. ΥΠΑΤΟС Γ ΠΑΤΗΡ ΠΑΤ
Mt Argaeus surmounted by Helios standing l., holding globe in r., sceptre in left.
5.85 gr
22 mm
12hokidoki
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3087A CAPPADOCIA, Caesarea. Hadrian Didrachm Helios on Mt Argaeus StarReference.
RPC III, 3087A; Metcalf 92acfno star; Sydenham 263cf no star
Obv. ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС СΕΒΑСΤΟС
Laureate head of Hadrian, right.
Rev. ΥΠΑΤΟС Γ ΠΑΤΗΡ ΠΑΤ
Mt Argaeus surmounted by Helios standing left, holding globe in right, sceptre in left; in the field, star, left
6.50 gr
21 mm
12hokidoki
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3091 CAPPADOCIA, Caesarea. Hadrian Didrachm 128-38 AD Helios on Mt ArgaeusReference.
RPC III, 3091/3; Metcalf 93b; Sydenham 266a.
Obv. ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС СΕΒΑСΤΟС
laureate head of Hadrian, right, with drapery on left shoulder. (aegis?)
Rev. ΥΠΑΤΟС Γ ΠΑΤΗΡ ΠΑΤΡ
Mt Argaeus surmounted by Helios standing left, holding globe in right, sceptre in left.
Note.
Ex Classical Numismatic Group 49 (17 March 1999), lot 992.
6.42 gr
20 mm
6 h.okidoki
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3094 CAPPADOCIA, Caesarea. Hadrian Didrachm 128-38 AD Helios on Mt ArgaeusReference.
RPC III, 3094; S 265, Metcalf Conspectus 94
Obv. ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС СΕΒΑСΤΟС
Laureate head of Hadrian, right
Rev. ΥΠΑΤΟС Γ ΠΑΤΗΡ ΠΑΤ
Mt Argaeus surmounted by Helios standing l., holding globe in r., sceptre in l.; in the field, star, l. and crescent, r.
6.04 gr
21 mm
12hokidoki
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3095 CAPPADOCIA, Caesarea. Hadrian Didrachm 128-38 AD Helios on Mt ArgaeusReference.
RPC III, 3095/2; Metcalf-; Sydenham, Caesarea -
Obv. ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС СΕΒΑСΤΟС
Laureate head of Hadrian, right
Rev. ΥΠΑΤΟС Γ ΠΑΤΗΡ ΠΑΤΡ
Mt Argaeus surmounted by Helios standing l., holding globe in r., sceptre in l.; in the field, star, l. and crescent, r.
6.54 gr
21 mm
12hokidoki
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3098 CAPPADOCIA, Caesaraea Hadrian Didrachm 128-138 AD Mount Argaeus one starReference.
RPC III, 3098; S 268a, Metcalf Conspectus 95b
Obv. ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС СΕΒΑСΤΟС
Laureate head of Hadrian, r., with drapery on l. shoulder
Rev. ΥΠΑΤΟС Γ ΠΑΤΗΡ ΠΑΤΡ
Mount Argaeus surmounted by star
6.11 gr
21 mm
6hokidoki
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3099 CAPPADOCIA, Caesaraea Hadrian Didrachm 128-138 AD Mount Argaeus three starsReference.
RPC III 3099; S 270a, Metcalf Conspectus 96a
Obv. ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС СΕΒΑСΤΟС
Laureate head of Hadrian, right
Rev. ΥΠΑΤΟС Γ ΠΑΤΗΡ ΠΑΤΡ
Mount Argaeus surmounted by star; to l. and r., stars
5.62 gr
20 mm
6hokidoki
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3101 CAPPADOCIA, Caesaraea Hadrian Didrachm, 128-138 AD Mount Argaeus three starsReference.
RPC III, 3101; S —, Metcalf Conspectus 96c, Ganschow 174c
Obv. ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ ϹΕΒΑϹΤΟϹ
Laureate head of Hadrian, r., with drapery on l. shoulder, aegis
Rev. ΥΠΑΤΟϹ Γ ΠΑΤΗΡ ΠΑΤΡ
Mt Argaeus surmounted by star; to l. and r., stars
7.41 gr
21 mm
6hokidoki
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3101A CAPPADOCIA, Caesaraea Hadrian Didrachm 128-138 AD Mount Argaeus three starsReference.
RPC III, 3101A;
Obv. ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ ϹΕΒΑϹΤΟϹ
Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Hadrian, r., seen from rear
Rev. ΥΠΑΤΟϹ Γ ΠΑΤΗΡ ΠΑΤΡ
Mt Argaeus surmounted by star; to l. and r., stars
6.63 gr
22 mm
6hokidoki
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3102 CAPPADOCIA, Caesaraea Hadrian Didrachm 128-138 AD Mount Argaeus three starsReference.
RPC III, 3102; S 269, Metcalf Conspectus 96d, Ganschow 174d
Obv. ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ ϹΕΒΑϹΤΟϹ
Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Hadrian, r., seen from front
Rev. ΥΠΑΤΟϹ Γ ΠΑΤΗΡ ΠΑΤΡ
Mt Argaeus surmounted by star; to l. and r., stars
6.44 gr
22 mm
6hokidoki
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3102B CAPPADOCIA, Caesaraea Hadrian Drachm 128-138 AD Mount Argaeus 3 starsReference.
RPC III --; BMC --; Sydenham --; Metcalf Conspectus --
Issue Hadrian Pater Patriae
Obv. ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ ϹΕΒΑϹΤΟϹ
Laureate and draped bust of Hadrian, r., seen from front
Rev. ΥΠΑΤΟϹ Γ ΠΑΤΗΡ ΠΑΤΡ
Mount Argaeus surmounted by star; to l. and r., stars
3.17 gr
18 mm
6hokidoki
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