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Anonymous AE Litra. 241-235 BC. (Grueber, half-litra: 312/290 BC)
Romano-Campanian
Obv.:Helmeted, beardless head of Mars right
Rev.:Head of horse right with bridle. A sickle behind, ROMA below.
Gs. 3,4 mm. 15,2
Crawford 25/3, Sear RCV 594, BMRRC II 64
Maxentius
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Campania, Neapolis. 340-241 BC. AR Didrachm (7.29 grams) Diademed head of Parthenope right/ Manheaded bull, Acheloos, advancing right crowned by Nike. S 307. paul1888
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Greek Italy, Magna Grecia.Apulia, Bruttium, Calabria, Campania, Lucania & Samnium.Anaximander
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Neapolis, Campania, Italy, c. 270 - 240 B.C. AE 16-20mm Neapolis, Campania, Italy, c. 270 - 240 B.C.
Obv. Apollo left
Rev. Victory crowning Man Faced Bull right.
( One of my favorite coins I have cleaned myself!! )Lee S
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(502a) Roman Republic, L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi, 90 B.C.Silver denarius, S 235, Calpurnia 11, Crawford 340/1, Syd 663a, VF, rainbow toning, Rome mint, 3.772g, 18.5mm, 180o, 90 B.C. obverse: laureate head of Apollo right, scorpion behind; Reverse naked horseman galloping right holding palm, L PISO FRVGI and control number CXI below; ex-CNA XV 6/5/91, #443. Ex FORVM.
A portion of the following text is a passage taken from the excellent article “The Calpurnii and Roman Family History: An Analysis of the Piso Frugi Coin in the Joel Handshu Collection at the College of Charleston,” by Chance W. Cook:
In the Roman world, particularly prior to the inception of the principate, moneyers were allotted a high degree of latitude to mint their coins as they saw fit. The tres viri monetales, the three men in charge of minting coins, who served one-year terms, often emblazoned their coins with an incredible variety of images and inscriptions reflecting the grandeur, history, and religion of Rome. Yet also prominent are references to personal or familial accomplishments; in this manner coins were also a means by which the tres viri monetales could honor their forbearers. Most obvious from an analysis of the Piso Frugi denarius is the respect and admiration that Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi, who minted the coin, had for his ancestors. For the images he selected for his dies relate directly to the lofty deeds performed by his Calpurnii forbearers in the century prior to his term as moneyer. The Calpurnii were present at many of the watershed events in the late Republic and had long distinguished themselves in serving the state, becoming an influential and well-respected family whose defense of traditional Roman values cannot be doubted.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi, who was moneyer in 90 B.C., depicted Apollo on the obverse and the galloping horseman on the reverse, as does his son Gaius. However, all of L. Piso Frugi’s coins have lettering similar to “L-PISO-FRVGI” on the reverse, quite disparate from his son Gaius’ derivations of “C-PISO-L-F-FRV.”
Moreover, C. Piso Frugi coins are noted as possessing “superior workmanship” to those produced by L. Piso Frugi.
The Frugi cognomen, which became hereditary, was first given to L. Calpurnius Piso, consul in 133 B.C., for his integrity and overall moral virtue. Cicero is noted as saying that frugal men possessed the three cardinal Stoic virtues of bravery, justice, and wisdom; indeed in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae, a synonym of frugalitas is bonus, generically meaning “good” but also implying virtuous behavior. Gary Forsythe notes that Cicero would sometimes invoke L. Calpurnius Piso’s name at the beginning of speeches as “a paragon of moral rectitude” for his audience.
L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi’s inclusion of the laureled head of Apollo, essentially the same obverse die used by his son Gaius (c. 67 B.C.), was due to his family’s important role in the establishment of the Ludi Apollinares, the Games of Apollo, which were first instituted in 212 B.C. at the height of Hannibal’s invasion of Italy during the Second Punic War. By that time, Hannibal had crushed Roman armies at Cannae, seized Tarentum and was invading Campania.
Games had been used throughout Roman history as a means of allaying the fears
of the populace and distracting them from issues at hand; the Ludi Apollinares were no different. Forsythe follows the traditional interpretation that in 211 B.C., when C. Calpurnius Piso was praetor, he became the chief magistrate in Rome while both consuls were absent and the three other praetors were sent on military expeditions against Hannibal.
At this juncture, he put forth a motion in the Senate to make the Ludi Apollinares a yearly event, which was passed; the Ludi Apollinares did indeed become an important festival, eventually spanning eight days in the later Republic. However, this interpretation is debatable; H.H. Scullard suggests that the games were not made permanent until 208 B.C. after a severe plague prompted the Senate to make them a fixture on the calendar. The Senators believed Apollo would serve as a “healing god” for the people of Rome.
Nonetheless, the Calpurnii obviously believed their ancestor had played an integral role in the establishment of the Ludi Apollinares and thus prominently displayed
the head or bust of Apollo on the obverse of the coins they minted.
The meaning of the galloping horseman found on the reverse of the L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi coin is more complicated. It is possible that this is yet another reference to the Ludi Apollinares. Chariot races in the Circus Maximus were a major component of the games, along with animal hunts and theatrical performances.
A more intriguing possibility is that the horseman is a reference to C. Calpurnius Piso, son of the Calpurnius Piso who is said to have founded the Ludi Apollinares. This C. Calpurnius Piso was given a military command in 186 B.C. to quell a revolt in Spain. He was victorious, restoring order to the province and also gaining significant wealth in the process.
Upon his return to Rome in 184, he was granted a triumph by the Senate and eventually erected an arch on the Capitoline Hill celebrating his victory. Of course
the arch prominently displayed the Calpurnius name. Piso, however, was not an infantry commander; he led the cavalry.
The difficulty in accepting C. Calpurnius Piso’s victory in Spain as the impetus for the galloping horseman image is that not all of C. Piso Frugi’s coins depict the horseman or cavalryman carrying the palm, which is a symbol of victory. One is inclined to believe that the victory palm would be prominent in all of the coins minted by C. Piso Frugi (the son of L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi) if it indeed signified the great triumph of C. Calpurnius Piso in 186 B.C. Yet the palm’s appearance is clearly not a direct reference to military feats of C. Piso Frugi’s day. As noted, it is accepted that his coins were minted in 67 B.C.; in that year, the major victory by Roman forces was Pompey’s swift defeat of the pirates throughout the Mediterranean.
Chrestomathy: Annual Review of Undergraduate Research at the College of Charleston. Volume 1, 2002: pp. 1-10© 2002 by the College of Charleston, Charleston SC 29424, USA.All rights to be retained by the author.
http://www.cofc.edu/chrestomathy/vol1/cook.pdf
There are six (debatably seven) prominent Romans who have been known to posterity as Lucius Calpurnius Piso:
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi: (d. 261 A.D.) a Roman usurper, whose existence is
questionable, based on the unreliable Historia Augusta.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus: deputy Roman Emperor, 10 January 69 to15 January
69, appointed by Galba.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso: Consul in 27 A.D.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso: Consul in 1 B.C., augur
Lucius Calpurnius Piso: Consul in 15 B.C., pontifex
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus: Consul in 58 B.C. (the uncle of Julius Caesar)
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi: Moneyer in 90 B.C. (our man)
All but one (or two--if you believe in the existence of "Frugi the usurper" ca. 261 A.D.) of these gentlemen lack the Frugi cognomen, indicating they are not from the same direct lineage as our moneyer, though all are Calpurnii.
Calpurnius Piso Frugi's massive issue was intended to support the war against the Marsic Confederation. The type has numerous variations and control marks.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Calpurnius_Piso
http://www.forumancientcoins.com/catalog/indexfrm.asp?vpar=55&pos=0
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
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006a. ClaudiaEGYPT, Alexandria. Nero, with Claudia. AD 54-68. BI Tetradrachm (22mm, 10.74 g, 12h). Dated RY 3 (AD 56/57). Laureate head of Nero right / Draped bust of Claudia Octavia right; L Γ (date) below chin. Köln 122-4; Dattari (Savio) 190; K&G 14.7; RPC I 5202; Emmett 127.3. Near VF. Ex - CNG
Furthermore, the carefully contrived marriage between Octavia and Nero was a disaster on a personal level. Nero soon embarked on a serious relationship with a freedman named Acte, and more importantly developed an active dislike for his wife. "Quickly feeling aversion to intimacy with Octavia, he replied to his friends who were finding fault with him that she ought to be satisfied with the outward trappings of a wife." This antipthy was not likely to produce offspring who would unite the Julian and Claudian lines. By 58 Nero was becoming involved with a freeborn mistress, Poppaea, whom he would want to make his empress in exchange for Octavia. But the legitimacy of his principate derived from his relationship with his predecessor, and he was not so secure that he could do without the connection with Claudius provided through his mother and his wife. In 59 he was able to arrange for Agrippina's death, but it was not until 62 that he felt free to divorce Octavia and marry Poppaea. The initial grounds for putting Octavia aside was the charge that she was barren because she had had no children. But a more aggressive attack was needed when opposition arose from those who still challenged Nero's prncipate and remained loyal to Octavia as the last representative of her family. With the connivance of Poppaea, charges of adultery were added, Octavia was banished to Campania and then to the island of Pandataria off the coast, and finally killed. Her severed head was sent to Rome. ecoli
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026/3 Litra or 1/8 ounceAnonymous. Æ Litra or 1/8 ounce. Rome. 234-231 BC. ( 3.43g, 15mm, 5h) Obv: Laureate head of Apollo right Rev: Horse rearing left, wearing bridle, bit, and reins; ROMA below.
Crawford 26/3; Sydenham 29 (Half-litra); Kestner 56-65; BMCRR Romano-Campanian 70-74 (Half-litra)
This coin is attributed as a Litra by Crawford, others define it as half-litra. However, it could be argued that "1/8 ounce piece" is the better description.
First of all, on litra and half-litra:
"According to Crawford, the weight standard of the series 26 litra and half litra are based on a litra of 3.375 grams . The half litra in Crawford is described as having a dog on the reverse rather than a horse, and the average weight of the half litra of several specimens is described as 1.65 grams. BMCRR does refer to these as half litrae; but keep in mind that Grueber was writing circa 1900 and based on older scholarship. Sydenham was writing in the 1950s. Of the three major works cited, Crawford is the most current and likely based on a greater number of more recent finds."
Andrew Mccabe:
"It's very doubtful to me that the word "litra" is correct. Much more likely, these small bronze coins were simply fractions of the Aes Grave cast coinage system, as they come in weights of 1/4, 1/8 and 1/16 ounce, and the Aes Grave coinage generally had denominations from As down to Semuncia (1/2 ounce). So this coin would be 1/8 ounce coin. That's my view, which differs from their long term designation as "Litra", which presume them to be overvalued token bronze coinage on the Sicilian model, whereby bronze coins had value names that indicate a relationship to the silver coinage.
Litra, the word, is from the same stem as Libra, i.e. pound, would suggest a denomination of a (light) Sicilian pound of bronze, which sometimes equates in value to a small silver coin in Sicily weighing about 1/12 didrachm (about 0.6 grams) so by this definition, a Litra = an Obol. But it hardly stands up to scrutiny that such a tiny bronze coin, weighing 3.375 grams, could have been equivalent to a 0.6 gram silver obol. It would imply a massive overvaluation of bronze that just does not seem credible.
So. throw out the Litras, and call these coins 1/8 ounce pieces, and I think we have a sensible answer."
Paddy
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1302a, Maximian, 285 - 305, 306 - 308, and 310 A.D.Maximianus AE Antoninianus. RIC V Part II 506 Bust Type C. Cohen 355; VF; Minted in Rome A.D. 285-286. Obverse: IMP MAXIMIANVS P F AVG, radiate, draped & cuirassed bust right; Rverse: IOVI CONSERVAT AVGG, Jupiter standing left holding thunderbolt & scepter, XXIZ in exergue. Ex maridvnvm.
De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families
Maximian, 285-305, 306-308, and 310 A.D.
Michael DiMaio, Jr.
Salve Regina University
Perhaps born ca. 249/250 A.D. in Sirmium in the area of the Balkans, Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus, more commonly known as Maximianus Herculius (Maximian), had been a soldier before he put on the purple. A fellow soldier with the Emperor Diocletian, he had served in the military during the reigns of Aurelian and Probus.
When the Emperor Diocletian determined that the empire was too large for one man to govern on his own, he made Maximian his Caesar in 285/6 and elevated him to the rank of Augustus in perhaps the spring of 286. While Diocletian ruled in the East, Maximian ruled in the West. In 293, in order to maintain and to strengthen the stability of the empire, Diocletian appointed Constantius I Chlorus to serve Maximian as a Caesar in the West, while Galerius did the same job in the East. This arrangement, called the "Tetrarchy", was meant not only to provide a stronger foundation for the two emperors' rule, but also to end any possible fighting over the succession to the throne once the two senior Augusti had left the throne--a problem which had bedeviled the principate since the time of the Emperor Augustus. To cement the relationship between Maximian and his Caesar, Constantius married Maximian's elder daughter Theodora. A decade later, Constantius' son Constantine would marry Maximia's younger daughter Fausta.
On 1 May 305 Diocletian, at Nicomedeia, and Maximian, at Mediolanum, divested themselves of the purple. Their resignations seem largely due to the almost fatal illness that Diocletian contracted toward the end of 304. Diocletian seems to have forced his colleague to abdicate. In any case, Herculius had sworn an oath at the temple of Capitoline Jupiter to carry out the terms of the abdication. Constantius and Galerius were appointed as Augusti, with Maximinus Daia and Severus as the new Caesars. The retired emperors then returned to private life. Diocletian's retirement was at Salonae in Dalmatia, while Herculius' retreat was either in Lucania or Campania.
Maximian's retirement, however, was of short duration because, a little more than a year later on 28 October 306, his son Maxentius was proclaimed emperor at Rome. To give his regime an aura of legitimacy, Maximian was forced to affirm his son's acclamation. When Galerius learned of Maxentius' rebellion, he sent Severus against him with an army that had formerly been under his father's command. Maxentius invested his father with the purple again to win over his enemy's troops, a ruse which succeeded. Perhaps to strengthen his own position, in 307 Maximian went to Gaul and married his daughter Fausta to Constantine. When Constantine refused to become embroiled in the civil war between Galerius and Maxentius, Maximian returned to Rome in 308 and attempted to depose his son; however, he did not succeed. When Maximian was unable to convince Diocletian to take up the purple again at a meeting in Carnuntum in late 308, he returned to his son-in-law's side in Gaul.
Although Maximian was treated with all of the respect due a former emperor, he still desired to be more than a figurehead. He decided to seize the purple from Constantine when his son-in-law least expected it. His opportunity came in the summer of 310 when the Franks revolted. When Constantine had taken a small part of his army into enemy territory, Maximian proclaimed himself again emperor and paid the soldiers under his command a donative to secure their loyalty. As soon as Constantine received news about Maximian's revolt in July 310, he went south and reached Arelate before his father-in-law could mount a defense of the city. Although Maximian fled to Massilia, his son-in-law seized the city and took Maximian prisoner. Although he was deprived of the purple, he was granted pardon for his crimes. Unable to endure the humiliation of his defeat, he attempted to have Constantine murdered in his bed. The plot failed because he tried to get his daughter Fausta's help in the matter; she chose to reveal the matter to her husband. Because of this attempt on his son-in-law's life Maximian was dead by the end of July either by his own hand or on the orders of his intended victim.
Eutropia was of Syrian extraction and her marriage to Maximian seems to have been her second. She bore him two children: Maxentius and Fausta. An older daughter, Theodora, may have been a product of her first marriage. Fausta became the wife of Constantine I , while her sister Theodora was the second spouse of his father Constantius I Chlorus . Eutropia apparently survived all her children, with the possible exception of her daughter Fausta who seems to have died in 326. Eutropia is also said to have become a Christian.
By Michael DiMaio, Jr., Salve Regina University
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr. Cleisthenes
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1302b, Maximian, 285-305, 306-308, and 310 A.D., commemorative issued by Constantine the Great (Siscia)Maximian, 285-305, 306-308, and 310 A.D., commemorative issued by Constantine the Great. Bronze AE3, RIC 41, VF, Siscia, 1.30g, 16.1mm, 0o, 317-318 A.D. Obverse: DIVO MAXIMIANO SEN FORT IMP, laureate and veiled head right; Reverse: REQVIES OPTIMO-RVM MERITORVM, Emperor seated left on curule chair, raising hand and holding scepter, SIS in exergue; scarce (R3).
De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families
Maximian, 285-305, 306-308, and 310 A.D.
Michael DiMaio, Jr.
Salve Regina University
Perhaps born ca. 249/250 A.D. in Sirmium in the area of the Balkans, Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus, more commonly known as Maximianus Herculius (Maximian), had been a soldier before he put on the purple. A fellow soldier with the Emperor Diocletian, he had served in the military during the reigns of Aurelian and Probus.
When the Emperor Diocletian determined that the empire was too large for one man to govern on his own, he made Maximian his Caesar in 285/6 and elevated him to the rank of Augustus in perhaps the spring of 286. While Diocletian ruled in the East, Maximian ruled in the West. In 293, in order to maintain and to strengthen the stability of the empire, Diocletian appointed Constantius I Chlorus to serve Maximian as a Caesar in the West, while Galerius did the same job in the East. This arrangement, called the "Tetrarchy", was meant not only to provide a stronger foundation for the two emperors' rule, but also to end any possible fighting over the succession to the throne once the two senior Augusti had left the throne--a problem which had bedeviled the principate since the time of the Emperor Augustus. To cement the relationship between Maximian and his Caesar, Constantius married Maximian's elder daughter Theodora. A decade later, Constantius' son Constantine would marry Maximia's younger daughter Fausta.
On 1 May 305 Diocletian, at Nicomedeia, and Maximian, at Mediolanum, divested themselves of the purple. Their resignations seem largely due to the almost fatal illness that Diocletian contracted toward the end of 304. Diocletian seems to have forced his colleague to abdicate. In any case, Herculius had sworn an oath at the temple of Capitoline Jupiter to carry out the terms of the abdication. Constantius and Galerius were appointed as Augusti, with Maximinus Daia and Severus as the new Caesars. The retired emperors then returned to private life. Diocletian's retirement was at Salonae in Dalmatia, while Herculius' retreat was either in Lucania or Campania.
Maximian's retirement, however, was of short duration because, a little more than a year later on 28 October 306, his son Maxentius was proclaimed emperor at Rome. To give his regime an aura of legitimacy, Maximian was forced to affirm his son's acclamation. When Galerius learned of Maxentius' rebellion, he sent Severus against him with an army that had formerly been under his father's command. Maxentius invested his father with the purple again to win over his enemy's troops, a ruse which succeeded. Perhaps to strengthen his own position, in 307 Maximian went to Gaul and married his daughter Fausta to Constantine. When Constantine refused to become embroiled in the civil war between Galerius and Maxentius, Maximian returned to Rome in 308 and attempted to depose his son; however, he did not succeed. When Maximian was unable to convince Diocletian to take up the purple again at a meeting in Carnuntum in late 308, he returned to his son-in-law's side in Gaul.
Although Maximian was treated with all of the respect due a former emperor, he still desired to be more than a figurehead. He decided to seize the purple from Constantine when his son-in-law least expected it. His opportunity came in the summer of 310 when the Franks revolted. When Constantine had taken a small part of his army into enemy territory, Maximian proclaimed himself again emperor and paid the soldiers under his command a donative to secure their loyalty. As soon as Constantine received news about Maximian's revolt in July 310, he went south and reached Arelate before his father-in-law could mount a defense of the city. Although Maximian fled to Massilia, his son-in-law seized the city and took Maximian prisoner. Although he was deprived of the purple, he was granted pardon for his crimes. Unable to endure the humiliation of his defeat, he attempted to have Constantine murdered in his bed. The plot failed because he tried to get his daughter Fausta's help in the matter; she chose to reveal the matter to her husband. Because of this attempt on his son-in-law's life Maximian was dead by the end of July either by his own hand or on the orders of his intended victim.
Eutropia was of Syrian extraction and her marriage to Maximian seems to have been her second. She bore him two children: Maxentius and Fausta. An older daughter, Theodora, may have been a product of her first marriage. Fausta became the wife of Constantine I , while her sister Theodora was the second spouse of his father Constantius I Chlorus . Eutropia apparently survived all her children, with the possible exception of her daughter Fausta who seems to have died in 326. Eutropia is also said to have become a Christian.
By Michael DiMaio, Jr., Salve Regina University
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.Cleisthenes
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1ao3 Julia DrusillaAE 20 of Smyrna (Izmir, Turkey)
Laureate head of Caligula, right, ΓAION KAICAPA EΠI AOYIOΛA
Drusilla as Persephone seated left, poppies between two stalks of grain in right hand, long scepter vertical behind in left hand, ∆POYCIΛΛAN ZMYPNAIΩN MHNOΦANHC
Caligula’s sister
Klose XXVIII, 27 (Vs4/Rs10); RPC I 2472; SNG Cop 1343; SNGvA 2202; BMC Ionia p. 269, 272
According to Suetonius’ salacious account: Germanicus had married Agrippina the Elder, daughter of Marcus Agrippa and Julia the Elder, and she had borne him nine children. Two died in infancy, another in early childhood. . . .
The other children survived their father: three girls, Agrippina the Younger, Drusilla and Livilla, born in successive years; and three boys, Nero, Drusus, and Gaius Caesar (Caligula). . . . [Caligula] habitually committed incest with each of his three sisters, seating them in turn below him at large banquets while his wife reclined above. It is believed that he violated Drusilla’s virginity while a minor, and been caught in bed with her by his grandmother Antonia, in whose household they were jointly raised. Later, when Drusilla was married to Lucius Cassius Longinus, an ex-consul, he took her from him and openly treated her as his lawful married wife. When he fell ill he made her heir to his estate and the throne.
When Drusilla died (in 38AD) he declared a period of public mourning during which it was a capital offense to laugh, or bathe, or to dine with parents, spouse or children. Caligula himself was so overcome with grief that he fled the City in the middle of the night, and travelled through Campania, and on to Syracuse, returning again with the same degree of haste, and without cutting his hair or shaving. From that time forwards whenever he took an important oath, even in public or in front of the army, he always swore by Drusilla’s divinity.Blindado
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1be Hadrian117-138
Sestertius
Laureate head, right, HADRIANVUS AVG COS III PP
Fortuna standing left with rudder on globe and cornucopia, FORTVNA AVG
RIC 759
According to the Historia Augusta, "Bereft of his father at the age of ten, he became the ward of Ulpius Trajanus, his cousin, then of praetorian rank, but afterwards emperor, and of Caelius Attianus, a knight. He then grew rather deeply devoted to Greek studies, to which his natural tastes inclined so much that some called him 'Greekling. . . .' In the 105-106 second Dacian war, Trajan appointed him to the command of the First Legion, the Minervia, and took him with him to the war; and in this campaign his many remarkable deeds won great renown. . . . On taking possession of the imperial power
Hadrian at once resumed the policy of the early emperors and devoted his attention to maintaining peace throughout the world. . . . [I]n this letter to the Senate he apologized because he had not left it the right to decide regarding his accession, explaining that the unseemly haste of the troops in acclaiming him emperor was due to the belief that the state could not be without an emperor. . . . He was, in the same person, austere and genial, dignified and playful, dilatory and quick to act, niggardly and generous, deceitful and straightforward, cruel and merciful, and always in all things changeable. . . . Hadrian's memory was vast and his ability was unlimited ; for instance, he personally dictated his speeches and gave opinions on all questions. He was also very witty. . . ."
After this Hadrian departed for Baiae, leaving Antoninus at Rome to carry on the government. But he received no benefit there, and he thereupon
sent for Antoninus, and in his presence he died there at Baiae on the sixth day before the Ides of July.
According to Eutropius: After the death of Trajan, AELIUS HADRIAN was made emperor, not from any wish to that effect having been expressed by Trajan himself, but through the influence of Plotina, Trajan's wife; for Trajan in his life-time had refused to adopt him, though he was the son of his cousin. He also was born at Italica in Spain. Envying Trajan's glory, he immediately gave up three of the provinces which Trajan had added to the empire, withdrawing the armies from Assyria, Mesopotamia, and Armenia, and deciding that the Euphrates should be the boundary of the empire. When he was proceeding, to act similarly with regard to Dacia, his friends dissuaded him, lest many Roman citizens should be left in the hands of the barbarians, because Trajan, after he had subdued Dacia, had transplanted thither an infinite number of men from the whole Roman world, to people the country and the cities; as the land had been exhausted of inhabitants in the long war maintained by Decebalus.
He enjoyed peace, however, through the whole course of his reign; the only war that he had, he committed to the conduct of a governor of a province. He went about through the Roman empire, and founded many edifices. He spoke with great eloquence in the Latin language, and was very learned in the Greek. He had no great reputation for clemency, but was very attentive to the state of the treasury and the discipline of the soldiers. He died in Campania, more than sixty years old, in the twenty-first year, tenth month, and twenty-ninth day of his reign. The senate was unwilling to allow him divine honours; but his successor Titus Aurelius Fulvius Antonius, earnestly insisting on it, carried his point, though all the senators were openly opposed to him. Blindado
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1dg Tetricus270-273
AE antoninianus
Radiate draped bust, right, IMP C TETRICVS P F AVG
Virtus standing left with shield & spear, VIRTVS AVGG
RIC 148
According to the Historia Augusta: After Victorinus and his son were slain, his mother Victoria (or Vitruvia) urged Tetricus, a Roman senator then holding the governorship of Gaul, to take the imperial power, for the reason, many relate, that he was her kinsman; she then caused him to be entitled Augustus and bestowed on his son the name of Caesar. But after Tetricus had done many deeds with success and had ruled for a long time he was defeated by Aurelian, and, being unable to bear the impudence and shamelessness of his soldiers, he surrendered of his own free will to this prince most harsh and severe. . . . Aurelian, nevertheless, exceedingly stern though he was, overcome by a sense of shame, made Tetricus, whom lie had led in his triumph, supervisor over the whole of Italy,' that is, over Campania, Samnium, Lucania, Bruttium, Apulia, Calabria, Etruria and Umbria, Picenum and the Flaminian district, and the entire grain-bearing region, and suffered him not only to retain his life but also to remain in the highest position, calling him frequently colleague, sometimes fellow-soldier, and sometimes even emperor.Blindado
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1dm Tacitus275-276
AE antoninianus
Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust, right, IMP C M CL TACITVS AVG
Mars stg, MARTI PACIF
RIC 145
A rare emperor nominated by the Senate after the death of the widely revered Aurelianus.
Zonaras recorded: Tacitus, an elderly man, succeeded him. For it is written that he was seventy-five years old when he was chosen for monarchy. The army recognized him, though he was absent, for he was then residing in Campania. When he received the decision there, he entered Rome in private dress and, with the consent of the Senate and the People, donned the imperial garb.
The Scythians, having crossed Lake Maeotis and the Phasis River, attacked Pontus, Cappadocia, Galatia, and Cilicia. Tacitus, who had joined battle with them, and Florianus, who was prefect, slew many, and the remainder sought safety in flight. Tacitus appointed Maximinus, one of his kinsmen, as governor of Syria. But, when he behaved badly in his office, he was killed by his soldiers. Those who had killed him, frightened that the emperor would not leave them unpunished, set out after him too and killed him, not yet seven months after he had assumed sovereignty, but according to some not quite two years.
Zosimus, however, recorded, "Upon [Aurelianus'] death the empire fell into the hands of Tacitus, in whose time the Scythians crossed the Palus Maeotis, and made incursions through Pontus even into Cilicia, until he opposed them. Partly in person, and partly by Florianus, prefect of the court, whom he left in commission for that purpose, this emperor completely routed and destroyed them. He himself was going into Europe, but was thus circumvented and killed. He had committed the government of Syria to his cousin Maximinus, who treated the nobility of that country with such austerity, that he caused them both to hate and fear him. Their hatred became so excessive, that at length conspiring with the murderers of Aurelianus, they assaulted Maximinus, and having killed him, fell on and slew Tacitus also as he was upon his departure."Blindado
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2013THIS YEAR'S WINNERS
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  *Alex
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2014THIS YEAR'S WINNERS
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702a, Augustus, 16 January 27 B.C. - 19 August 14 A.D.Augustus, 27 BC - 14 AD. AE 19mm (5.98 gm). Lydia, Sardeis. Diodoros Hermophilou. Obverse: head right. Reverse: Zeus Lydios standing facing holding scepter and eagle. RPC I, 489, 2986; SNG von Aulock 3142. aVF. Fine portrait. Ex Tom Vossen.
De Imperatoribus Romanis:
An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers
AUGUSTUS (31 B.C. - 14 A.D.)
Garrett G. Fagan
Pennsylvania State University
In the course of his long and spectacular career, he put an end to the advancing decay of the Republic and established a new basis for Roman government that was to stand for three centuries. This system, termed the "Principate," was far from flawless, but it provided the Roman Empire with a series of rulers who presided over the longest period of unity, peace, and prosperity that Western Europe, the Middle East and the North African seaboard have known in their entire recorded history. Even if the rulers themselves on occasion left much to be desired, the scale of Augustus's achievement in establishing the system cannot be overstated. Aside from the immense importance of Augustus's reign from the broad historical perspective, he himself is an intriguing figure: at once tolerant and implacable, ruthless and forgiving, brazen and tactful. Clearly a man of many facets, he underwent three major political reinventions in his lifetime and negotiated the stormy and dangerous seas of the last phase of the Roman Revolution with skill and foresight. With Augustus established in power and with the Principate firmly rooted, the internal machinations of the imperial household provide a fascinating glimpse into the one issue that painted this otherwise gifted organizer and politician into a corner from which he could find no easy exit: the problem of the succession.
(For a very detailed and interesting account of the Age of Augustus see: http://www.roman-emperors.org/auggie.htm)
Death and Retrospective
In his later years, Augustus withdrew more and more from the public eye, although he continued to transact public business. He was getting older, and old age in ancient times must have been considerably more debilitating than it is today. In any case, Tiberius had been installed as his successor and, by AD 13, was virtually emperor already. In AD 4 he had received grants of both proconsular and tribunician power, which had been renewed as a matter of course whenever they needed to be; in AD 13, Tiberius's imperium had been made co-extensive with that of Augustus. While traveling in Campania, Augustus died peacefully at Nola on 19 August, AD 14. Tiberius, who was en route to Illyricum, hurried to the scene and, depending on the source, arrived too late or spent a day in consultation with the dying princes. The tradition that Livia poisoned her husband is scurrilous in the extreme and most unlikely to be true. Whatever the case about these details, Imperator Caesar Augustus, Son of a God, Father of his Country, the man who had ruled the Roman world alone for almost 45 years, or over half a century if the triumviral period is included, was dead. He was accorded a magnificent funeral, buried in the mausoleum he had built in Rome, and entered the Roman pantheon as Divus Augustus. In his will, he left 1,000 sesterces apiece to the men of the Praetorian guard, 500 to the urban cohorts, and 300 to each of the legionaries. In death, as in life, Augustus acknowledged the true source of his power.
The inscription entitled "The Achievements of the Divine Augustus" (Res Gestae Divi Augustae; usually abbreviated RG) remains a remarkable piece of evidence deriving from Augustus's reign. The fullest copy of it is the bilingual Greek and Latin version carved into the walls of the Temple of Rome and Augustus at Ancyra in Galatia (for this reason the RG used to be commonly referred to as the Monumentum Ancyranum). Other evidence, however, demonstrates that the original was inscribed on two bronze pillars that flanked the entrance to the Mausoleum of Augustus in Rome. The inscription remains the only first-person summary of any Roman emperor's political career and, as such, offers invaluable insights into the Augustan regime's public presentation of itself.
In looking back on the reign of Augustus and its legacy to the Roman world, its longevity ought not to be overlooked as a key factor in its success. People had been born and reached middle age without knowing any form of government other than the Principate. Had Augustus died earlier (in 23 BC, for instance), matters may have turned out very differently. The attrition of the civil wars on the old Republican aristocracy and the longevity of Augustus, therefore, must be seen as major contributing factors in the transformation of the Roman state into a monarchy in these years. Augustus's own experience, his patience, his tact, and his great political acumen also played their part. All of these factors allowed him to put an end to the chaos of the Late Republic and re-establish the Roman state on a firm footing. He directed the future of the empire down many lasting paths, from the existence of a standing professional army stationed at or near the frontiers, to the dynastic principle so often employed in the imperial succession, to the embellishment of the capital at the emperor's expense. Augustus's ultimate legacy, however, was the peace and prosperity the empire was to enjoy for the next two centuries under the system he initiated. His memory was enshrined in the political ethos of the Imperial age as a paradigm of the good emperor; although every emperor adopted his name, Caesar Augustus, only a handful earned genuine comparison with him.
Copyright © 1999, Garrett G. Fagan.
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.
Augustus (the first Roman emperor, in whose reign Jesus Christ was born) is without any doubt one of the most important figures in Roman history.
It is reported that when he was near death, Augustus addressed those in attendance with these words, "If I have played my part well, applaud!"
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr Cleisthenes
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Anonymous Bronze double litra; Female head r./ Lion walking r.Roman Republic, 275 - 270 B.C. Bronze double litra, Crawford 16/1a, Sydenham 5, BMCRR Romano-Campanian 23; SRCV I 590, South Italy mint, 7.580g, 20.7mm, 90o, obverse diademed female head right; reverse , lion walking right, head facing, broken spear in mouth and resting on forepaw, ROMANO in ex; scarce. ex FORVMPodiceps
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Anonymous Half Litra; Head of Roma r./ Dog standing r.Anonymous. 234-231 B.C. Æ Half Litra (11mm - 1.50 g). Head of Roma right, wearing Phrygian helmet / Dog standing right; ROMA in exergue. Crawford 26/4; Sydenham 22; BMCRR (Romano-Campanian) 44. VF, dark green patina, light porosity. Ex Vauctions Podiceps
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Anonymous Wheel Cr.79/1Crawford 79/1 Wheel (209-8BC) Sicily?
Denarius Serratus
Ob: helmeted head of Roma right, behind X
Rev: Dioscuri riding right with lances, below wheel, in exergue ROMA; line border
BMCRR II 308 (217-197BC)
Sydenham 519 (113BC) Narbo
Iridescent highlights, 4.4gr.
Grueber: The wheel maybe a symbol of the moneyer rather than of a mint, although it does occur on aes grave of Campania and central Italy, and the early coins of Luceria and Tartentum. This is the earliest occurrence of the serratus on republican denarii and the only anonymous. Only serratus attributed to a mint other than Rome by Count de Salis.
Sydenham classifies this serratus with Porcia 8 at the colony of Narbo. The serrated edge may have been suggested by the Gaulish custom of using serrated rings or wheels as currency. Tacitus stated that the Gaulish tribes showed a marked preference for coins that were serrati bigatique (Germania 5) Sydenham wrote an article entitled “Origin of the Roman Serrati” NC 1935 209 ff.
Crawford writes that Mattingly’s view that serrati were Marian coins was demolished by Sydenham’s article, but his view that they were struck at non-Italian mints for Trans-alpine circulation does not hold either. Grueber’s view that they are probably merely decorative best remaining theory. Crawford Vol 2 p. 581
Tacitus Germania 5 pecuniam probant veterem et diu notam, serratos bigatosque. They approve the old and long known money, those that are serrated and biga depicting.
rennrad12020
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Anonymous, Litra, Helmeted head of Minerva l. / horse's head r.Anonymous litra, Minerva / horse's head, AE18. Rome, 270-269 B.C. 18 mm, 5.5 g. Obverse: helmeted head of Minerva left. Reverse: ROMANO; horse’s head right. Cr. 17/1; BMC Romano-Campanian 6. ex areich, photo credit areich
Podiceps
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AR Nomos of Neapolis, Campania c340-241 BCOBV: Head of nymph facing right, bunch of grapes(?) to left
REV: Man-faced Bull walking right, Victory overhead crowning with wreath.
Sambon 436, SNG ANS 366, weight 7.3 gms; 18 mm
A coin which has all the things that I like about the ancient Greeks - beautiful sense of natural form, balanced design, and whimsical imagination. The small flan cuts off some elements of the overall design and put it in range of my budget.daverino
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CALABRIA, Taras. Campano-Tarentine series. Circa 281-272 BC. AR Nomos20mm, 7.07 g, 4h
Diademed head of Satyra left / Nude youth on horseback right, crowning horse with wreath; TA to left, dolphin below. Vlasto 1012–4; HN Italy 1098. VF.
"The Campano-Tarentine series dates to around the middle of the 3rd century BC, and are usually said to have been struck somewhere in Campania or Lucania. The type displays not the usual horseman and dolphin rider combination, but instead the obverse is occupied by a nymph resembling those on the coinage of Neapolis. Furthermore, the coins are struck on the standard not of Tarentum, being 0.8 grams lighter on average, but of those cities on the west coast of Magna Graecia, hence the credence given to this theory. However, the question of where these coins were struck and which region they were intended for, was addressed by J.G. Milne (An Exchange-Currency of Magna Graecia), who convincingly argues that it was more likely they were produced in Tarentum for circulation in or trade with the Greek cities of Bruttium, and that they should therefore be properly referred to as Bruttio-Tarentine coinage."Leo
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Cales, Campania265-240 BC
AE 22 (22mm, 6.32g)
O: Head of Athena left, wearing crested Corinthian helmet, all within dotted border.
R: Cock standing right, star behind; CALENΩ downward to right, all within dotted border.
Sambon 916; HN Italy 435; SNG ANS 188; SNG Cop 322; Sear 548
ex Forvm Ancient Coins
This very common type, with Athena left and the cock/star reverse, was minted throughout the region, including Cales, Suessa Aurunca, Teanum Sinicinum in Campania and Aquinum in Latium, with only the ethnic varying. Speculation is that this suggests a monetary alliance between the various cities, but given the history of Campanian coining I wonder if a common mint may have produced them all, as we have seen with the MFB coins of Nola, Hyria and Neapolis?
Enodia
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Cales; Athena left/ CALENO, Cock standing right, star behind. AE 20CAMPANIA, Cales. After 268 B.C. Æ 20. 6.7g. Obv. Head of Athena left wearing crested Corinthian helmet. Rev. CALENO, Cock standing right, star behind. Sear GCV 548Podiceps
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CAMPANIA - NEAPOLIS AE21 270-250 BCCAMPANIA NEAPOLIS 270-250 BC AE21 HEAD OF APOLLO LEFT - REVERSE MAN-HEADED BULL WALKING RIGHT CROWNED BY NIKE FLYING ABOVE S.557 VF CONDITION NICE GREEN PATINA 21mm _2302Antonivs Protti
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CAMPANIA - NEAPOLIS AE21 270-250 BC CAMPANIA NEAPOLIS 270-250 BC AE21 HEAD OF APOLLO LEFT - REVERSE MAN-HEADED BULL WALKING RIGHT CROWNED BY NIKE FLYING ABOVE S.557 VF CONDITION NICE GREEN PATINA 21mm _2302
Antonivs Protti
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Campania Cumae or Neapolis AR Hemiobol / Athena / WheelAttribution: BMC p. 104, 98
Date: 480-413 BC
Obverse: Helmeted head of Athena right
Reverse: Wheel with 4 spokesCANTANATRIX
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Campania Cumae or Neapolis AR Hemiobol / Athena / WheelAttribution: BMC p. 104, 98
Date: 480-413 BC
Obverse: Helmeted head of Athena right
Reverse: Wheel with 4 spokesCANTANATRIX
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Campania Cumae or Neapolis AR Hemiobol / Athena / WheelAttribution: BMC p. 104, 98
Date: 480-413 BC
Obverse: Helmeted head of Athena right
Reverse: Wheel with 4 spokesCANTANATRIX
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Campania Cumae or Neapolis AR Hemiobol / Athena / WheelAttribution: BMC p. 104, 98
Date: 480-413 BC
Obverse: Helmeted head of Athena right
Reverse: Wheel with 4 spokesCANTANATRIX
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Campania ItalySuessa Aurunca (Sessa), Campania, Italy, c. 265 - 240 B.C.
Bronze AE 20, SNG ANS 606 ff., 4.5g, 20 mm,
Obverse: laureate head of Apollo left, O behind;
Reverse : Man-headed bull standing right, being crowned by Nike who flies above
Tanit
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CAMPANIA or SAMNIUMPossibly a Samnite imitation of the general Campanian Apollo/MFB types. It might be from Suessa, or possibly Nola. Corn ear or possibly a crude winged hippocamp above Achelous Liris as a man-faced bull to left, I between back legs, L below bull with R between front legs and I before (perhaps for LIRIS?). _OVHN_(?) in ex. MSP I, 433 (this coin illustrated).
Ex. CNG eAuction 308, lot 539 (part of)Molinari
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CAMPANIA, Atella. Zeus/ Hades abducting PersephoneCAMPANIA, Atella. Circa 216-211 BC. 8.31 g. Æ 25. Triens Obv: Laureate head of Zeus right; four pellets behind / Rev: Hades abducting PersephonePodiceps
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CAMPANIA, CalesCAMPANIA, Cales, AE Litra, c. 317 to 280 BC BC. OBV: Apollo right, nothing behind, dotted border / Rev: Man-faced bull standing right, head facing. 16 point star above, eight point star below, CALENO in ex., dotted border. Hunterian 20; SNG France 466; MSP I, 92.Molinari
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CAMPANIA, CalesCAMPANIA, Cales, AE Obol, 7.01g, 317-280 BC. Laureate head of Apollo left, CALENO before, dotted border/ Achelous Volturnus as a man-faced bull standing right on single line, head facing, lyre above, B below, CALENO in ex. SNG France 450; MSP I, 106 (this coin illustrated).Molinari
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Campania, Cales (Circa 265-240 BC)AE 23, 6.52 g
Obverse: Head of Athena l., wearing Corinthian helmet. CAΛENO (CALENO)
Reverse: Cock standing r.; in l. field, star.
Sambon 916. Historia Numorum Italy 435.
Before the Romans, Cales had been the center of an earlier Italic population called the Ausones (Aurunci in Latin), a people that inhabited areas of southern Italy well beyond Campania by about 1000 BC. That people may have come from Greece, but there is also archaeological evidence of Etruscan origin or at least influence. The source of the name Cales may be the proper name Calai, mythologically said to be one of Jason’s companions aboard the Argo and to have founded Cales.
Livy (VIII.16.13-14) relates that a Latin colony, the first in Campania, was established at Cales in 334 BC. It was apparently part of the area conquered by Rome circa 313 BC after which Cales became the center of Roman rule in Campania. Similar coins were struck at Cales, Suessa Aurunca, Caiatia, Telesia, Teanum, and at least one other town, doubtless by permission of the Romans. This uniformity of types suggests a monetary alliance.Nathan P
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Campania, Cales. After 268 BC. AE19.Obv: Helmeted head of Athena left, wearing Corinthian helmet.
Rev: CALENO, cock standing right, star behind.
SNGCop 322.ancientone
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CAMPANIA, CapuaCirca 216-211 BC. Æ Biunx. Diademed head of Herakles right; club over left shoulder / Lion walking right, breaking spear held in its mouth; •• above. SNG ANS 208; BMC Italy pg. 80, 1-2; SNG Copenhagen 332; SNG Morcom -; Laffaille -; Weber 292. aF/F, obverse quite rough. Rare.
Ex. CNG eAuction 308, lot 539 (part of)Molinari
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Campania, Hyria.SRCV 294 var. (Athena facing right), HN Italy 539, Rutter 88.
AR nomos, struck c.a. 400-395 B.C., 7.02 gr., 20.19 mm. max., 0°.
Obv.: Head of Athena left, in Attic helmet decorated with owl and laurel branch.
Rev.: Man-headed bull walking left, YDINAI above.Stkp
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Campania, Hyrianoi. (Circa 405-400 BC)Fourrée Nomos (20.5mm, 6.33 g)
Obverse: Head of Athena wearing crested helmet decorated with olive-wreath and owl.
Reverse: Man-faced bull standing r. on exergual line, YDINA (retrograde) above. YDINA is in Oscan script and means "Urina", another name for Hyria.
For prototype, cf. HN Italy 539.
The city, named both Nola (new city) and Hyria (which Nola likely arose from), was situated in the midst of the plain lying to the east of Mount Vesuvius, 21 miles south of Capua. While Neapolis was the focus of minting in this general area, Neapolitan designs were adopted by several new series of coins, some of them bearing legends in Oscan script referring to communities that are otherwise unknown (such as the Hyrianoi). Complex die linking between these different series indicate, at the very least, close cooperation in minting. Didrachms sharing motives (Athena/man headed bull), but with legends referring to different issuing communities on the reverse, testify to the integration into a common material culture in Campania in the late fifth to early fourth century. The die sharing and use of legends in Oscan script allow for an interpretation of these issues as indigenous coinages struck in the Campanian mileu.
The influence of Athens on Hyria can be seen not only in the great number of Greek vases and other articles discovered at the old city but by the adoption of the head of Pallas with the Athenian owl as their obverse type.
This particular coin is an ancient forgery, which were quite common in Magna Graecia and typically of much higher quality than fourrees produced elsewhere. In ON THE FORGERIES OF PUBLIC MONEY [J. Y. Akerman
The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Numismatic Society, Vol. 6 (APRIL, 1843–JANUARY, 1844), pp. 57-82] it is noted that ancient forgeries tend "to be most abundantly found to belong to the most luxurious, populous, and wealthy cities of Magna Graecia...Nor is it surprising that the luxury and vice of those celebrated cities should have led to crime; and among crimes, to the forging of money, as furnishing the means for the more easy gratification of those sensual indulgences, which were universally enjoyed by the rich in those dissipated and wealthy cities. Many of the coins of the places in question having been originally very thickly coated, or cased with silver (called by the French, fourrees), pass even now among collectors without suspicion."Nathan P
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CAMPANIA, NEAPOLIS ca. 280 - 270 BC
AE 15 mm 2.60 g
O: Laureate head of Apollo, left
R: [N]EOPOLITWN Forepart of man-faced bull, rightlaney
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Campania, NeapolisNeapolis
Didrachm
Obv.: Head of Nymph Parthenope, wearing broad headband, earring and necklace, ΣTA below, behind, bunch of grapes.
Rev.: Man-headed bull walking r., crowned by Nike, K below, in exergue, NEOPOLIT[HS].
Ref.: SNG ANS 354
Ex-CNGshanxi
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CAMPANIA, NeapolisCAMPANIA, Neapolis, AE Obol, 4.56g. Laureate head of Apollo left, K (retro) behind/ Man-faced bull standing right on single line, head facing, Victory above, IS below, nothing in ex. Sambon 667 var.Molinari
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CAMPANIA, NeapolisCAMPANIA, Neapolis. Circa 300-275 BC. AR Nomos (18mm, 7.06 g, 5h). Head of nymph right; X behind / Man-headed bull walking right; above, Nike flying right, placing wreath on bull's head; EYΞ below. Sambon 477; HN Italy 579; SNG ANS 370. Fine, toned,ecoli
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CAMPANIA, NeapolisCAMPANIA, Neapolis. c. 320-280 BC, Bronze Litra. Obv: Apollo right, E behind, dotted border. Rev: Achelous Sebethos as a man-faced bull standing right, head facing, Phrygian helmet above, P+M monogram below, [NEΠOΛITΩN] in ex. Sambon 625, Taliercio IIa, 26; MSP I, 259Molinari
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CAMPANIA, NeapolisCAMPANIA, Neapolis. c. 320-280 BC, Bronze Litra. Obv: Apollo right, E behind, dotted border. Rev: Achelous Sebethos as a man-faced bull standing right, head facing, Phrygian helmet above, P+M monogram below, [NEΠOΛITΩN] in ex. Sambon 625, Taliercio IIa, 26; MSP I, 259 (this coin illustrated).Molinari
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CAMPANIA, NeapolisCAMPANIA, Neapolis. Circa 300-275 BC. AR Nomos (19mm, 7.11 g, 3h). Diademed head of nymph right; X behind / Achelous Sebethos as a man-headed bull walking right; above, Nike flying right, placing wreath on bull's head; EΥΞ below. Sambon 477; HN Italy 579; SNG ANS 372 (same dies). Near VF, toned. Ex. CNG 84, Lot. 52. From the Colin E. Pitchfork CollectionMolinari
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CAMPANIA, NeapolisAE third unit, 317/310-270 BC. Apollo right / Forepart of Achelous Sebethos as a man-faced bull to right, dolphin left, dotted border. 1.53g. Sambon 581; Taliercio IId, 1; MSP I, 295.Molinari
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CAMPANIA, NeapolisCampania, Neapolis, ae unit. Apollo/Forepart of Acheloos Sebethos as a man-faced bull.
Gifted to Peter.Molinari
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CAMPANIA, NeapolisNeapolis, Campania, 1.29g (quarter unit), 317/310-270 BC. Head of Apollo left, NEAPOLITWN before, dotted border/ Forepart of Achelous Sebethos as a man-faced bull to right, dolphin above, dotted border. MSP I, 309-316 var.
Gifted to Sean.Molinari
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CAMPANIA, NeapolisCAMPANIA, Neapolis, Apollo left, laurel wreath with leaves in opposing pairs, NEOΠOΛITΩN before, Ξin field, dotted border/ Achelous Sebethos as a man-faced bull right, standing on single line with head facing, above, Nike crowns him, IΣ in ex.; Sambon 675; Taliercio IIIa, 37, MSP I, 366.Molinari
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CAMPANIA, NeapolisNeapolis, 317/310-270 BC, Ae Third Unit.
OBV: Apollo facing left, laurel wreath with leaves in opposing pairs
REV: Forepart of Achelous Sebethos as a man-faced bull to right, NEOΠOΛITΩN (?) above, unclear behind.
1.89g (third unit), Cf. Taliercio IIc var; MSP I, 285-294 var.
Gifted to TroyMolinari
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CAMPANIA, NeapolisCampania, Neapolis, struck 317/310-270 BC, third unit, 1.85g. Obv : laur. head of Apollo, Mono before, Lambda behind/ Rev : [NE]OΠOΛIT[ Forepart of Achelous Sebethos as a man-faced bull to right, IS behind. REF: Taliercio IIc, 12; MSP I, 293.
Ex. MarcanticaMolinari
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CAMPANIA, NeapolisCAMPANIA, Neapolis, 3.40g. Head of Apollo facing right, wearing laurel wreath with leaves in triple clusters, AP monogram behind/ Acheloios Sebethos as a man-faced bull to right, standing on single line, head facing, star with 8 rays in wreath above, Δ below, NEYΠOΛITΩN in ex. Dotted border. Taliercio IIa, 7; MSP I, 238.Molinari
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CAMPANIA, NeapolisCAMPANIA: Neapolis. 317/310 to 270 BC, ae unit. OBV: Head of Apollo facing left, wearing laurel wreath with leaves in opposing pairs, NEOPOLITWN before. REV: Acheloios Sebethos as a man-faced bull standing to right on single line, head facing, bucrania above, IS in exergue. Sambon 645 var.; Taliercio-; SNG Muenchen 286; MSP I, 277 (this coin illustrated).
Ex. Tintinna 53, lot 15. Molinari
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CAMPANIA, NeapolisNEOΠOΛITΩN before Apollo facing left, ΔP monogram behind / lightning bolt above, E below (17mm, 4.33g). Sambon 636; Taliercio IIa, 32; MSP I, 267.Molinari
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CAMPANIA, NeapolisCAMPANIA, Neapolis, AE Obol, 4.69g. Laureate head of Apollo left, NEAPOLITWN before, dotted border/ Achelous Sebethos as a man-faced bull standing right on single line, head facing, grasshopper above, nothing below, NEAPOLITWN in ex. Sambon 646; Taliercio IIa, 34; MSP I, 269.Molinari
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Campania, NeapolisSilver didrachm, 7.3g, 20mm, 9h; c. 350-325 BC.
Obv.: Head of nymph Parthenope right, wearing headband, pendant earring, and pearl necklace.
Rev.: Man-faced bull walking right, head facing, above Nike flying right to crown him // [NΕΟΠΟΛΙΤΗΣ]
Reference: SNG ANS 296-298. SNG Lockett 79. HN Italy 565 / 17-100-225John Anthony
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CAMPANIA, NeapolisCAMPANIA, Neapolis. Circa 320-300 BC. AR Nomos (19mm, 7.40 g, 3h). Diademed head of nymph right; grape bunch behind neck, [ΔIOΦ]AN[OYΣ] below / Man-headed bull walking right; above, Nike flying right, placing wreath on bull's head. Sambon 437; HN Italy 579. Iridescent toning, horn silver, minor cleaning scratches
Photograph by CNG (Auction 493, Lot 74)simmurray
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Campania, Neapolis DidrachmHead of Parthenope left, wearing earing and beaded necklace. Tripod to right.
Man-headed bull standing right being crowned by winged nymph/victory; IΣ between legs NEOΠOΛITΩN in exergue
Neapolis, Campania
300-241 BC
7.21g
Sambon 517; Glasgow 57; BMC 129
Very rare!
Ex-HJB ebay
Dark toning; a few remaining deposits. Much nicer in hand with almost black toning.
Thanks to Molinari's research this is one of 6 known examples. The others are found in BMC, 129, Dati web, Glasgow 57, Leningrad 1014, Torino RDC17508.Jay GT4
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CAMPANIA, NEAPOLIS AR DidrachmOBVERSE: Head of nymph Parthenope right, wearing headband, pendant earring, and pearl necklace
REVERSE: Man-faced bull walking right, head facing, above Nike flying right to crown him // [NΕΟΠΟΛΙΤΗΣ]
Struck at Neapolis (Naples) 350-325 BC
7.3g, 20mm
SNG ANS 296-298. SNG Lockett 79. HN Italy 565
ex. JAZ NumismaticsLegatus
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CAMPANIA, NEAPOLIS bronze ObolCirca 275-250 BC. (6,20 g. - 19 mm)
Vs: ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΩΝ, Laureate head of Apollo left.
Rs: Man-headed bull standing right; above, Nike flying right. _2273Antonivs Protti
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Campania, Neapolis, (275-250 B.C.), AE-18 (Obol), SNG ANS 488var. (O behind), Man-headed bull left and flying Nike, #1Campania, Neapolis, (275-250 B.C.), AE-18 (Obol), SNG ANS 488var. (O behind), Man-headed bull left and flying Nike, #1
avers: Laureate head of Apollo left, O behind
reverse: Man-headed bull standing right, being crowned by Nike who flies above, IS in exergue.
exergue: -/-//IS, diameter:18,0mm, weight: 6,21g, axes: h,
mint: Campania, Neapolis, date: 275-250 B.C., ref: SNG ANS 488var. (O behind); Rutter, HN 589.
Q-001quadrans
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Campania, Neapolis, AE18ca. 320-280 BC
18mm, 5.51g
obv: NEAΠOΛITΩN, laureate head of Apollo left, H behind
rev: man-headed bull walking right, crowned by Nike flying above; OΣ below, IΣ in exergue
(SNG ANS 475. SNG München 438)
ex Auctiones eAuction #3, Lot 4areich
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Campania, Neapolis, Apollo / Man-headed bull, AE20Campania, Neapolis, 270-240 BC
AE 20, 5.38g
Obv: Laureate head of Apollo, three-lined horizontal symbol behind head
Rev: Man-headed bull being crowned by Nike, monogram beneath
SNG ANS-470, BM-218
ex HJBareich
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Campania, Neapolis, AR NomosCAMPANIA, Neapolis. 395-385 BC. AR Nomos (20mm, 7.11 g, 12h). Diademed head of nymph right / Man-headed bull walking left on double exergue-line; above, Nike flying left, placing wreath on bull's head. Rutter 158 (O101/R143); HN Italy 563. Fine, toned. Well centered reverse. Ex. CNG 84, Lot 23. From the Collin E. Pitchfork Collection.Molinari
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Campania, Neapolis, ca. 320-300 BC, AR Didrachm Head of the Siren Parthenope right, hair bound by band, wearing triple pendant earring and pearl necklace; pileos behind.
Man-faced bull standing right with head facing while being crowned by Nike flying right above; K below.
HN Italy 579.
(19 mm, 7.23 g, 10h).
Classical Numismatic Group e-Auction 167, 27 June 2007, 7; from the Charles Gillet collection, ex-Stacks, 15 November 1989, 90.n.igma
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Campania, Neapolis.Greek Italy. Campania. 320-300 BC. AR Nomos (7.47 gm, 19mm, 6h) of Neapolis. Head of nymph Parthenope right, with pendant earring, dolphins around. / Nike crowning man-headed bull walking right, ΟΥΙΛ below. Ex: [NEO]POΛITΩ[N]. VF. Pegasi Numismatics Auction XXI #40. SNG ANS 1 #337-339; SNG Cop 1 (Italy) #413-414; HN Italy 576 (pl.10); HGC 1 #452; McClean Coll. I #242; Sambon 458 (plate III); Weber Coll. I #330 (pl.18).Anaximander
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Campania, Neapolis. (Circa 300 BC)AR Didrachm
20 mm, 6.98 g
Obverse: Head of nymph r., wearing taenia, triple-pendant earring and necklace; four dolphins around (only the bottom two around the neck visible).
Reverse: Man-headed bull walking r., being crowned by Nike; ΘE below bull. [NE]OΠOΛI[TΩN] in exergue
Sambon 457; HNItaly 576; SNG ANS 336.
Neapolis was founded ca. 650 B.C. from Cumae (a nearby city and the first Greek colony on mainland Italy). Ancient tradition records that it had originally been named after the siren Parthenope, who had been washed ashore on the site after failing to capture Odysseus (Sil. Pun. 12.33-36). The early city, which was called Palae(o)polis, developed in the SW along the modern harbor area and included Pizzofalcone and Megaris (the Castel dell'Ovo), a small island in the harbor. Megaris itself may have been the site of a still older Rhodian trading colony (Strab. 14.2.10). Owing to the influx of Campanian immigrants, the town began to develop to the NE along a Hippodamian grid plan. This new extension was called Neapolis, while Palae(o)polis became a suburb. Incited to a war with Rome by the Greek elements, the city was captured in 326 B.C. by the proconsul Quintus Publilius Philo (Liv. 8.22.9), and the suburb ceased to exist. Neapolis then became a favored ally of the Romans; it repulsed Pyrrhos, contributed naval support during the First Punic War, and withstood the attacks of Hannibal. Nathan P
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Campania, Neapolis. AE18 c. 275-250 BCObv: NEOΠOΛITΩN, laureate head of Apollo l.
Rev: Man-faced bull r., crowned by flying Nike; below IΣ. ancientone
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Campania, Neapolis. AR Nomos.Campania, Neapolis. AR Nomos.
Obverse:Head of water nymph right, wearing diadem, earring and necklace, bunch of grapes
behind, legend below truncation of neck.
Reverse: Man-headed bull right,
head facing, Nike flying right above, crowning him., legend below.CANTANATRIX
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Campania, Neapolis. AR Nomos.Campania, Neapolis. AR Nomos.
7.3g, 18mm.
Obverse:Head of water nymph right, wearing diadem, earring and necklace, bunch of grapes
behind, legend below truncation of neck.
Reverse: Man-headed bull right,
head facing, Nike flying right above, crowning him., legend below.CANTANATRIX
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CAMPANIA, Neapolis. Circa 300 BC. AR Nomos (18mm, 7.39 g, 4h).CAMPANIA, Neapolis. Circa 300 BC. AR Nomos (18mm, 7.39 g, 4h). Head of nymph right; [X behind neck] / Man-headed bull walking right; above, Nike flying right, placing wreath on bull's head; Θ below, ethnic on raised exergual line. Sambon 476; HN Italy 579. Lightly toned, a little off center, trace deposits on obverse, scratches on reverse. Good VF.
From the Sigmund Collection.Mark R1
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CAMPANIA, Neapolis. Circa 300-275 BC. AR NomosCAMPANIA, Neapolis. Circa 300-275 BC. AR Nomos (19mm, 7.21 g, 11h).
Head of nymph right; kantharos behind, XAPI below / Man-headed bull walking right; above, Nike flying right, placing wreath on bull's head; K below. Sambon 467b; HN Italy 569; SNG ANS 356 (same rev. die). Near VF, bright iridescent toning, light roughness on obverse.Leo
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Campania, Neapolis. Nymph and Man-headed bull Didrachm.Greek Italy. Campania. 450-340 BC. AR Didrachm (7.29 gm, 20mm, 3h) of Neapolis, Campanian standard. Head of nymph Parthenope right, hair bound with ampyx, wearing single-pendant earring, X behind. / Man-headed bull standing right, head facing, with Nike flying above, crowning bull, Θ below. [NEO]POΛITΩ[N] on raised exergual band. VF. SNG ANS 1 #367 (same dies)-368 (same rev. die); SNG Cop 1 (Italy) #436; Sambon 476, 480 var. (no A on obv.); SNG München 223; HN Italy 579 (pl.10); McClean Coll. I #253 (pl.12 #18); Weber Coll. I #336; HGC - . cf CNG EA 288 #22.Anaximander
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Campania, Phistelia, BMC 4/6Campania, Phistelia, 325-275 BC
AR - Obol, 0.51g, 11.22mm, 270°
obv. Head oy young male slightly r.
rev. Barley-grain, above Dolphin r., below mussel
below legend in Oscan FISTVLIS (read from inward from r. to l.)
ref. BMC I, p.12, 4/6; Sambon p.332, 831; Sear 336; Camapana, agg. Fistelia 4a; HN Italy 613
scarce, about EF, toned
Phistelia was one of the Samnite cities destroyed by Sulla and is today only known by its coins. Because of the dolphins and mussels depicted on its coins it is suggested that it was situated near the sea. Jochen
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Campania, Phistelia, obol11mm, 0.50g
obv: head of Nymph facing slightly left
rev: lion left, star above, snake below
(HN Italy 619, SNG ANS 590-592)
ex Rauchareich
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Campania, Phistelia, SNG France 1134Phistelia, c. 325-275 BC
AG - Obol, 0.61g, max. 10.5mm, 180°
obv. Female head facing, slightly l.
rev. Lion with raised tail walking l.
in ex. snake in one coil l.
ref. SNG ANS 584; SNG France 1134; Rutter p.180, Group IV; HN Italy 619
VF, toned, small flan crack at 4 o'clock, some scratches
Pedigree:
ex CNG Sale XXI (9./10. 9. 1994), Lot 21
ex coll. David Herman
ex CNG e-auction (20. 9. 06), Lot 93
ex coll. Jyrki Muona
From Forum Ancient Coins, thanks!
Phistelia was apparently among those Samnite cities which were destroyed by Sulla and vanished. At present it is known only by its coins.Jochen
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CAMPANIA, Teanum SidicinumTeanum Sidicinum. Æ. Helmeted head of Athena left / Cock standing right; star behind. HN 453. Rare.
Ex. CNG eAuction 305, lot 466 (part of).
Ex. Reverend Edward A. Sydenham Collection.Molinari
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CAMPANIA, Teanum SidicinumAE 20, 6.55g, Campania, Teanum Sidicinum, ca. 272-250 B.C. Obv: Apollo facing left, O behind/Rev: Achelous Savo as a man-headed bull left, head facing, being crowned by Nike, pentagram below. MSP I, 455.Molinari
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Campania. Neapolis AR NomosCirca 275-250 BC. AR Nomos (21mm, 7.21 g, 11h). Sambon–; HN Italy 586; BMC 87; SNG France–; SNG ANS–. Obverse: Diademed head of nymph left, wearing triple-pendant earring and necklace; to right, Artemis standing right, holding torch in both hands. Reverse: Man-headed bull walking right; above, Nike flying right, placing wreath on bull's head; IΣ below; [N]EOÎ OΛITΩN in exergue. Good VF, toned. Scarce symbol for issue.
Ex Gorny & Mosch 125 (13 October 2003), lot 21
Ex Classical Numismatic Review XXXIX No. 2 Summer 2014, lot 979726
The obverse of early Neapolitan coins represent the siren Parthenope who, according to legend, committed suicide after her failed attempt to seduce Odysseus and his shipmates as they passed the Sorrento peninsula. Her body was washed up on the shore of nearby Megaride, a tiny island in the Bay of Naples. The locals interred her in Mount Echia, now the hill of Pizzofalcone. The Sirens were originally the islands found at the mouth of the river Achelöos in Greece which flowed into the Ionian Sea between Akarnania and Aetolia. The man-headed bull on the reverse of the coins was meant to represent Achelöos, the greatest water god of ancient Greece and father of Parthenope. This coin, however, belongs to a later group known as Class VI (Numismatic Circular, vol. 14, 1906). The latest coins with the obverse head always facing left may well be identified as the head of Dia-Hebe. She is associated with Dionysus Hebon and the Neapolitan bull on the reverse was reinterpreted as the bull with which Dionysus Hebon was always depicted.
Jason T
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CAMPANIA. Neapolis. Late 4th century BC. AR didrachm or stater (22mm, 10h). NGC VF. Ca. 320-300 BC. CAMPANIA. Neapolis. Late 4th century BC. AR didrachm or stater (22mm, 10h). NGC VF. Ca. 320-300 BC. Head of nymph right, hair bound with taenia, wearing triple-pendant earring; grape bunch behind / NEOΠOΛITHΣ, man-headed bull walking right; Nike flying right above, crowing bull. HN Italy 571.Mark R1
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Campania: AR Didrachm.Neapolis 300-275 B.C. 7.33g - 21.2mm, Axis 5h.
Obv: Head of nymph right.
Rev: NEOΠOΛITΩN - Man-headed bull walking right, crowned by Nike flying above. [NEOΠOΛITΩN] in ex.
Ref: HN Italy 579; Sear 299.
Provenance: Chris Scarlioli Collection.Christian Scarlioli
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CAMPANIA: CalesCAMPANIA: Cales, AE Obol (7.75g), 280-272 BC. Laureate head of Apollo right, CALENO before/ Achelous Volturnus as a man-faced bull standing left, head facing, lyre above, cornucopia below, A in ex. Sambon 920; Fiorelli 834; Moretti 46; MSP I, 154 (this coin illustrated).
Ex. LAC Molinari
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CAMPANIA: CalesAE 16mm, 4.23g, 280-272 BC. Obv: Laureate head of Apollo right, CALENO before, dotted border, all within circle. Rev: Man-headed bull standing right; lyre above, undetermined symbol below (if any?), CALENO in ex. Sambon 919; Fiorelli 835; MSP I, 156 (this coin illustrated).
Ex. CNG eAuction 305, lot. 466 (part of)
Ex. Colin E. Pitchfork CollectionMolinari
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CAMPANIA: IrnthiIrnthi, mid 4th century BC. Head of Apollo to right / Acheloios Syrrenton as a man-faced bull to left, head in profile, uncertain inscription above. MSP I, 183-9 var.Molinari
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CAMPANIA: NeapolisUnpublished variety. From the RBW collection.Molinari
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CAMPANIA: NeapolisQuarter unit. Taliercio-; MSP I-; Unpublished.Molinari
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CAMPANIA: NeapolisNeapolis, Bronze, circa 350-326 BC, 3.31 g. Obv: Laureate head of Apollo r.
Rev: Forepart of Achelous Sebethos as a man-faced bull to right; above, dolphin.
SNG Copenhagen 474. Historia Numorum Italy 575 var. Sambon 579 var. Taliercio Id, 7. MSP I, 223 (this coin illustrated). Rare.
Green patina and about very fine. (Ex. Silingardi' Ex. NAC)Molinari
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