| Image search results - "Caliphate" |
ISLAMIC--UMAYYAD ISLAMIC--UMAYYAD
ca. late 7th - early 8th Century AD
AE Fulus (Fals) 14 mm 1.86 g
Umayyad Caliphate laney
|
|
'ABBASID CALIPHATE. temp. Al-Muqtadir. Second reign, AH 296-317 / AD 908-929.
AR Dirhem.
Madinat al-Salam mint. Dated AH 299 (AD 911/2).
Album 246.1Ardatirion
|
|
1701a, Saladin, 1169-1193AYYUBID: Saladin, 1169-1193, AR dirham (2.92g), Halab, AH580, A-788, lovely struck, well-centered & bold, Extremely Fine, Scarce.
His name in Arabic, in full, is SALAH AD-DIN YUSUF IBN AYYUB ("Righteousness of the Faith, Joseph, Son of Job"), also called AL-MALIK AN-NASIR SALAH AD-DIN YUSUF I (b. 1137/38, Tikrit, Mesopotamia--d. March 4, 1193, Damascus), Muslim sultan of Egypt, Syria, Yemen, and Palestine, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, and the most famous of Muslim heroes.
In wars against the Christian crusaders, he achieved final success with the disciplined capture of Jerusalem (Oct. 2, 1187), ending its 88-year occupation by the Franks. The great Christian counterattack of the Third Crusade was then stalemated by Saladin's military genius.
Saladin was born into a prominent Kurdish family. On the night of his birth, his father, Najm ad-Din Ayyub, gathered his family and moved to Aleppo, there entering the service of 'Imad ad-Din Zangi ibn Aq Sonqur, the powerful Turkish governor in northern Syria. Growing up in Ba'lbek and Damascus, Saladin was apparently an undistinguished youth, with a greater taste for religious studies than military training.
His formal career began when he joined the staff of his uncle Asad ad-Din Shirkuh, an important military commander under the amir Nureddin, son and successor of Zangi. During three military expeditions led by Shirkuh into Egypt to prevent its falling to the Latin-Christian (Frankish) rulers of the states established by the First Crusade, a complex, three-way struggle developed between Amalric I, the Latin king of Jerusalem, Shawar, the powerful vizier of the Egyptian Fatimid caliph, and Shirkuh. After Shirkuh's death and after ordering Shawar's assassination, Saladin, in 1169 at the age of 31, was appointed both commander of the Syrian troops and vizier of Egypt.
His relatively quick rise to power must be attributed not only to the clannish nepotism of his Kurdish family but also to his own emerging talents. As vizier of Egypt, he received the title king (malik), although he was generally known as the sultan. Saladin's position was further enhanced when, in 1171, he abolished the Shi'i Fatimid caliphate, proclaimed a return to Sunnah in Egypt, and consequently became its sole ruler.
Although he remained for a time theoretically a vassal of Nureddin, that relationship ended with the Syrian emir's death in 1174. Using his rich agricultural possessions in Egypt as a financial base, Saladin soon moved into Syria with a small but strictly disciplined army to claim the regency on behalf of the young son of his former suzerain.
Soon, however, he abandoned this claim, and from 1174 until 1186 he zealously pursued a goal of uniting, under his own standard, all the Muslim territories of Syria, northern Mesopotamia, Palestine, and Egypt.
This he accomplished by skillful diplomacy backed when necessary by the swift and resolute use of military force. Gradually, his reputation grew as a generous and virtuous but firm ruler, devoid of pretense, licentiousness, and cruelty. In contrast to the bitter dissension and intense rivalry that had up to then hampered the Muslims in their resistance to the crusaders, Saladin's singleness of purpose induced them to rearm both physically and spiritually.
Saladin's every act was inspired by an intense and unwavering devotion to the idea of jihad ("holy war")-the Muslim equivalent of the Christian crusade. It was an essential part of his policy to encourage the growth and spread of Muslim religious institutions.
He courted its scholars and preachers, founded colleges and mosques for their use, and commissioned them to write edifying works especially on the jihad itself. Through moral regeneration, which was a genuine part of his own way of life, he tried to re-create in his own realm some of the same zeal and enthusiasm that had proved so valuable to the first generations of Muslims when, five centuries before, they had conquered half the known world.
Saladin also succeeded in turning the military balance of power in his favour-more by uniting and disciplining a great number of unruly forces than by employing new or improved military techniques. When at last, in 1187, he was able to throw his full strength into the struggle with the Latin crusader kingdoms, his armies were their equals. On July 4, 1187, aided by his own military good sense and by a phenomenal lack of it on the part of his enemy, Saladin trapped and destroyed in one blow an exhausted and thirst-crazed army of crusaders at Hattin, near Tiberias in northern Palestine.
So great were the losses in the ranks of the crusaders in this one battle that the Muslims were quickly able to overrun nearly the entire Kingdom of Jerusalem. Acre, Toron, Beirut, Sidon, Nazareth, Caesarea, Nabulus, Jaffa (Yafo), and Ascalon (Ashqelon) fell within three months.
But Saladin's crowning achievement and the most disastrous blow to the whole crusading movement came on Oct. 2, 1187, when Jerusalem, holy to both Muslim and Christian alike, surrendered to the Sultan's army after 88 years in the hands of the Franks. In stark contrast to the city's conquest by the Christians, when blood flowed freely during the barbaric slaughter of its inhabitants, the Muslim reconquest was marked by the civilized and courteous behaviour of Saladin and his troops. His sudden success, which in 1189 saw the crusaders reduced to the occupation of only three cities, was, however, marred by his failure to capture Tyre, an almost impregnable coastal fortress to which the scattered Christian survivors of the recent battles flocked. It was to be the rallying point of the Latin counterattack.
Most probably, Saladin did not anticipate the European reaction to his capture of Jerusalem, an event that deeply shocked the West and to which it responded with a new call for a crusade. In addition to many great nobles and famous knights, this crusade, the third, brought the kings of three countries into the struggle.
The magnitude of the Christian effort and the lasting impression it made on contemporaries gave the name of Saladin, as their gallant and chivalrous enemy, an added lustre that his military victories alone could never confer on him.
The Crusade itself was long and exhausting, and, despite the obvious, though at times impulsive, military genius of Richard I the Lion-Heart, it achieved almost nothing. Therein lies the greatest-but often unrecognized--achievement of Saladin. With tired and unwilling feudal levies, committed to fight only a limited season each year, his indomitable will enabled him to fight the greatest champions of Christendom to a draw. The crusaders retained little more than a precarious foothold on the Levantine coast, and when King Richard set sail from the Orient in October 1192, the battle was over.
Saladin withdrew to his capital at Damascus. Soon, the long campaigning seasons and the endless hours in the saddle caught up with him, and he died. While his relatives were already scrambling for pieces of the empire, his friends found that the most powerful and most generous ruler in the Muslim world had not left enough money to pay for his own grave.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
H.A.R. Gibb, "The Arabic Sources for the Life of Saladin," Speculum, 25:58-72 (1950). C.W. Wilson's English translation of one of the most important Arabic works, The Life of Saladin (1897), was reprinted in 1971. The best biography to date is Stanley Lane-Poole, Saladin and the Fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, new ed. (1926, reprinted 1964), although it does not take account of all the sources.Cleisthenes
|
|
Abbasid - al-Mahdi - Silver Dirham - Baghdad Mint, Madinat al-Salam - AH 163Abbasid Silver Dirham.
Struck under ruler al-Mahdi ( AD 775 - 785 ), Caliph of Baghdad.
Struck in the year AH 163 = AD 779 / 780 at the Baghdad Mint.
(Inscriptions in Kufic Script)
obv: translation: " In the name of Allah, this dinar was struck in Baghdad, year 163. "
___
_
* Fairly High quality example.
_
__
rexesq
|
|
Abbasid Al-Mamun Citing Ali Ibn Musa as heirAl-Ma'mun AH 199-218 / AD 813-833. AR Dirham (27mm, 2.87 g, 3h). Citing 'Ali ibn Musa al-Rida as heir. Madinat Isbahan mint. Dated AH 202 (AD 817/8). Album 224; ICV 391
This coin is a very rare and historically important coin as it commemorates the significant event that Al-Mamun chose ali ibn musa (Known as Al-Rida) as his heir in order to control the shia rebellions and bring them under control as Al-Rida was leader of Shia muslims at the time. This was just a political move as he was only 2 years the heir . Al-mamun had him poisoned after 2 years in 203 AH . This coin cites the name of Ali Ibn Musa on it as the heir confessing Al-mamun to be Caliph of muslims and Al-Rida to be his heir.
arash p
|
|
Abbasid CaliphateAbbasid Caliphate. al-Mahdi. 158-169/775-785. AR dirhem (22.6 mm, 2.41 g, 1 h). Madinat al-Salam (Baghdad) mint, dated A.H. 162. With his name as al-Kalif al-Mahdi. Album 215.1. VF.ecoli
|
|
Abbasid CaliphateThe decade تسعين ("ninety") and digit ثمان ("eight") of the date are legible in the margins, thus AH [5]98 (AD 1202). The left image (reverse) cites the 'Abbasid caliph: al-imam / al-Nasir. The image on the right (obverse) reads al-malik / al-Zahir. Obverse as Balog 668, reverse as Balog 667.
|
|
Abbasid Caliphate, al-Ma'mun. AR dirham. AH 199-218 (AD 813-833). Dated AH 201 (AD 816/7).Muhammadiya mint. (2.96 gm; 24 mm). Citing Dhu al-Ri'asatayn. Album 223.
|
|
Abbasid Caliphate. al-Mahdi (Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn al-Mansur) (158-169 A.H. = 775-785 A.D.)Album 215.1, Lowick/Savage 678, Lavoix 730
AR dirham, 2.83 g., 23.10 mm. max, 270°. Struck at the Madinat al-Salam mint (Baghdad), dated 163 A.H. (= 780 A.D.)
Obv: In the name of Allah this dirhem was minted in Madinat es-Salam in the year one and sixty and one hundred (marginal legend), There is no God except Allah. There is no partner to him. (central legend).
Rev: Muhammad is the messenger of God. He sent him with guidance and the true religion to prevail over all other religions even if the polytheists abhor it. (marginal legend = Sura 9 Verse 33), Muhammad is the Messenger of God, Gods Prayer and Salutations upon him, the Caliph al-Mahdi (central legend), pellet above and two pellets below.Stkp
|
|
Abbasid Caliphate. Harun al-Rashid (170-193A.H. = 786-809 A.D.)Album 219.2, Lowick/Savage 826, Lavoix 826
AR dirham, 22-23 mm. Struck at the al-Muhammadiya mint (Reyy near today's Tehran), dated 191 A.H. (807/8 A.D.)
Obv: In The Name of God. This dirham was struck in al-Muhammadiyya in the year one and ninety and one hundred [marginal legend], around There is no diety except (the one) God alone. He has no equal [central legend].
Rev: Muhammad is the messenger of God. He sent him with guidance and the true religion to reveal it to all religions even if the polytheists abhor it [marginal legend], around Muhammad the Messenger of God [central legend], letter ha below.Stkp
|
|
Abbasid Caliphate. al-Muqtadir, (295-320 AH). Dated 304 AH.Madinat al-Salam mint, (2,8 g. 27 mm.)
|
|
Abbasid Caliphate: al-Hadi (169-170AH / 785-786CE) AR dirham, al-Muhammadiya (Album-217.2; Lowick-1666; NHR-70A)Obverse Field:
لا اله الا الله وحده لا شرك له
There is no deity except (the one) God alone. He has no equal
Obverse Margin:
بسم الله ضرب هذا الدرهم بالمحمدية سنة سبعين و مئة
In the name of God. This dirham was struck in Muhammadiya in the year seventy and one hundred
Reverse Field:
محمد رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم الخليفة الهادى
Muhammad is the messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. Caliph al-Hadi
بر below
Reverse Margin:
محمد رسول الله ارسله بالهدى و دين الحق ليظهره على الدين كله ولو كره المشركون
He sent him with guidance and the true religion to reveal it to all religions even if the polytheists abhor it. Quant.Geek
|
|
Abbasid Caliphate: al-Ma'mun (810-833 CE) AR dirham, Madinat Isbahan, AH199 (Album-223.4)Obverse Field:
لا اله الا الله وحده لا شرك له
There is no deity except (the one) God alone. He has no equal
Obverse Margin:
بسم الله ضرب هذا الدرهم بمدينة اصبهان سنة تسع و تسعين و مئة
In the name of God, This dirham was struck in Isbahan in the year ninety nine and one hundred
Reverse Field:
الله محمد رسول الله ذو الرياستين
Muhammad is the messenger of Allah; Dhu'l-Ri'asatayn
ح below
Reverse Margin:
محمد رسول الله ارسله بالهدى و دين الحق ليظهره على الدين كله ولو كره المشركون
He sent him with guidance and the true religion to reveal it to all religions even if the polytheists abhor it. Quant.Geek
|
|
Abbasid Caliphate: al-Mahdi (158-169AH/775-785AD) AV Dinar, NM, 160AH (Album-214; Mitchiner-154)Obv: لا إله إلا / الله وحده / لا شريك له (There is no god but Allah alone. There are no others with Him)
Obv Margin: محمد رسول الله ارسله بالهدى و دين الحق ليظهره على الدين كله (Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. He sent him with guidance and the true religion to reveal it to all religions even if the polytheists abhor it.)
Rev: محمد / رسول / الله (Muhammad is the messenger of Allah)
Rev Margin: بسم الله ضرب هذا الدينر سنة ستين و مئة (In the name of Allah, this dinar was struck in the year sixty and one hundred)Quant.Geek
|
|
Abbasid Caliphate: al-Mansur (136-158AH/754-775AD) or al-Mahdi (158-169AH/775-785AD) AV Dinar, NM, 158AH (Album-212; Mitchiner-154)Obv: لا إله إلا / الله وحده / لا شريك له (There is no god but Allah alone. There are no others with Him)
Obv Margin: محمد رسول الله ارسله بالهدى و دين الحق ليظهره على الدين كله (Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. He sent him with guidance and the true religion to reveal it to all religions even if the polytheists abhor it.)
Rev: محمد / رسول / الله (Muhammad is the messenger of Allah)
Rev Margin: بسم الله ضرب هذا الدينر سنة ثمان و خمسين و مئة (In the name of Allah, this dinar was struck in the year fifty-eight and one hundred)
Quant.Geek
|
|
Abbasid Caliphate: Harun al-Rashid (AH 170-193/ AD 786-809) AE Fals, al-Rafiqa (Shamma p. 156, 11; SICA-2, 1456-1458; BMC I, p. 210, 128; Album-310)Obv: At center, la ilah illa / Allah wahdahu / la sherikh lahu (“There is no god but Allah alone. There are no others with Him”); in margin, bism Allah zarb haza al-fils bi’l-Ramla sanat tis’ wa themanin wa mi’at (“In the name of Allah was struck this fals of al-Ramla [in the] year nine and eighty and [one] hundred”); border of five annulets between two inner and on outer linear circles.
Rev: Within pointillate circle, Muhammad / rassul / Allah (“Muhammad is the apostle of Allah”); above, three pellets forming triangle; below, ‘adl (“just”); in margin, bism Allah mimma amara bihi ‘abd Allah Harun amir al-mu’minin ‘azz Allah nasrahu (“In the name of Allah, from that ordered by the servant of Allah, Harun, commander of the faithful, may Allah make him victorious”); outer linear circle. Quant.Geek
|
|
ALMOHAD CALIPHATE (MUWAHHIDS)ALMOHAD CALIPHATE (MUWAHHIDS) AR Dirham, anonymous issue, 1130-1231. No date or mint. ARabic legends both sides. dpaul7
|
|
ARAB-BYZANTINE, Umayyad Caliphate. Mu'awiya I ibn Abi Sufyan. AH 41-60 / AD 661-680. or 661-697 A.D. Obverse :
KAΛON “bi-hims”
Facing bust of Byzantine emperor, holding globus cruciger; to left, KAΛON; to right, “bi-hims” in Arabic and bird’s-eye.
Reverse:
Є/M/I С/H/С - Large M
Large m; star flanked by bird’s eyes above; ground line below; Є/M/I С/H/С to left and right; “tayyib” in Arabic above “dumbell” flanked by pellets in exergue.
Attribution: Sica I 538 / Walker 65v / Arab Byzantine 65; Album 110
Weight3.98 Grams
Diameter:21 mm
Die Axis:4 H
Mu'awiya I ibn Abi Sufyan was the first Umayyad caliph , from AH 41-60 (died) / AD 661-680
From the Sam Mansourati Collection.Sam
|
|
ARAB-BYZANTINE, Umayyad Caliphate. Mu'awiya I ibn Abi Sufyan. AH 41-60 / AD 661-680. or 661-697 A.D.Obverse :
KAΛON “bi-hims” بØمص
Facing bust of Byzantine emperor, holding globus cruciger; to left, KAΛON; to right, “bi-hims” in Arabic and bird’s-eye.
Reverse:
Є/M/I С/H/С - Large M
Large m; star flanked by bird’s eyes above; ground line below; Є/M/I С/H/С to left and right; “tayyib” طيب in Arabic above “dumbell” flanked by pellets in exergue.
Attribution: Sica I 538 / Walker 65v / Arab Byzantine 65; Album 110
Mu'awiya I ibn Abi Sufyan was the first Umayyad caliph , from AH 41-60 (died) / AD 661-680
From the Sam Mansourati Collection.Sam
|
|
BCC BW14 Islamic Weight 1 DinarIslamic Weight
Caesarea Maritima
Abbasid Caliphate 750-1258 CE
Disk Shape Bronze - 1 Dinar
Obv: Arabic inscription: لله
"LILLAH”, late Abbasid calligraphy.
Rev: One punch mark within
incuse concentric circle.
AE Dia: 11.0mm. Ht:6.25mm.
Weight: 4.03gm.
cf. Holland, "W.W.O.C.M." #154
(different inscription, "Imran")
Surface find Caesarea Maritima, 1974
J. Berlin Caesarea Collectionv-drome
|
|
BCC IS11 Umayyad Fals Damascus
ISLAMIC, Umayyad Caliphate - AE Fals
Anonymous of Dimashq (Damascus)
Undated (ca. 86 AH = 705 CE)
Obv: لا اله الا الله وحده "La ilaha illa Allah, wahdah"
No god but Allah, only Him, within double circle
Rev: محمد رسول الله "Mohammed rasul Allah",
Mohammed is the prophet of God. Three lines
within circular inscription:
بسم الله ضرب هذا فلس دمشق
"bism Allah zurab hdha fals dimashq"
In the name of Allah, minted this Fals Damascus
24mm. 3.94gm. Axis:0
Reference: Album 174
Surface find Caesarea Maritima, 1971
J. Berlin Caesarea Collectionv-drome
|
|
BCC IS2 Abbasid Caliphate Harun al-RashidIslamic - AR Dirhem
Harun al-Rashid
AH170-193 (786-809 CE)
Abbasid Caliphate
Mint: Al-Mohamadiya
Dated AH193 (809 CE)
22mm 2.95gm. Axis:270v-drome
|
|
BCC LS40 Islamic Umayyad Lead Seal Allah Mohammed RasulLead Seal
Caesarea Maritima
Islamic - Umayyad Caliphate?
Late 7th-early 8th Century CE
Obv: Arabic inscription in two lines.
محمد/ الله "Allah" "Mohammed"
Rev: Arabic inscription in one line.
رسول "Rasul", Messenger, prophet.
19 x 16 x 4.25mm. 5.50gm. Axis:0
Surface find Caesarea Maritima, 1970's
J. Berlin Caesarea Collectionv-drome
|
|
Bilingual coinage Caliphate of Mu´awiya 660-680 CEObverse: Standing imperial figure holding long cross and globus cruciger
Reverse: Large M, cross above, three reverse C's to r., ex حمن
Mint; Syria possibly Damascuswileyc
|
|
Byzantine Empire: Unknown Caliphate (Arab Byzantine Imitation ), AE Fals.Emesa, Homs 640 A.D. 3.15g - 21.1mm, Axis 6h.
Obv: NOΛΑΚ + - Facing bust of emperor holding globus cruciger.
Rev: EMI / CHC - Large M, star above, annulet containing a dot either side, Mohamed in Arabic in the ex.
Ref: Walker 65 var.
Provenance: Chris Scarlioli Collection.Christian Scarlioli
|
|
Caliphate of Abd al-MalikAbd al-Malik ibn Marwan (685 – 705 CE) ‘Standing Caliph’ type, mint of Amman. Fals, weight 3.0g, diameter 17mm.
Obverse: Standing bearded figure wearing headdress and long robe, with right hand on hilt of sword. Inscription: abd allah abd al-malik amir al-mu’minin (“The servant of God, Abd al-Malik, commander of the faithful”). The last word of the legend is divided, with the letters minin appearing in the right field above the caliph’s shoulder.
Reverse: Object resembling Greek Φ, with globule on top and resting on four steps; large star in left field; mint designation, amman, in right field. Inscription: the shahada (“There is no God but God alone and Muhammad is God’s prophet.”)
This type is part of the last series of Umayyad coins to feature images, and is generally attributed to the years 692 – 696. From 697 the coinage becomes aniconic and purely epigraphic.
Reference: Foss p.78 and D.O. 107
Abu Galyon
|
|
Caliphate of Abd al-MalikAbd al-Malik ibn Marwan (685 – 705 CE) ‘Standing Caliph’ type, mint of Homs. Fals, weight 3.70g, diameter 21mm.
Obverse: Standing bearded figure wearing headdress and long robe, with right hand on hilt of sword. Inscription: abd allah abd al-malik amir al-mu’minin (“The servant of God, Abd al-Malik, commander of the faithful”).
Reverse: Object resembling Greek Φ, resting on four steps; mint designation, bi-hims, in right field. Inscription: the shahada (“There is no God but God alone and Muhammad is God’s prophet.”). This type often (but not always) has a star in the left field, but on this specimen it’s hard to tell if the star is present.
Reference: Foss p.78 and D.O. 108-111
Abu Galyon
|
|
Caliphate of Abd al-MalikAbd al-Malik ibn Marwan (685 – 705 CE) ‘Standing Caliph’ type, mint of Sarmin. Fals, weight 2.91g, diameter 20mm.
Obverse: Standing bearded figure wearing headdress and long robe, with right hand on hilt of sword. Inscription: abd allah abd al-malik amir al-mu’minin (“The servant of God, Abd al-Malik, commander of the faithful”).
Reverse: Object resembling Greek Φ, resting on four steps; mint designation in field downwards on either side, to right, sar, to left min. Inscription: the shahada (“There is no God but God alone and Muhammad is God’s prophet.”).
Reference: Foss p.80 and D.O. 128
Abu Galyon
|
|
Caliphate of Abd al-MalikAbd al-Malik ibn Marwan (685 – 705 CE) 'Standing Caliph' type, mint of Qinnasrin [Chalcis]. Fals, weight 2.56g, diameter 22mm.
Obverse: Standing bearded figure wearing headdress and long robe, with right hand on hilt of sword. Inscription: abd allah abd al-malik amir al-mu’minin ("The servant of God, Abd al-Malik, commander of the faithful").
Reverse: Object resembling Greek Φ, resting on four steps; To left, upwards, wāfin ("full value"); to right, downwards, mint designation, bi-qinnasrin. Inscription: the shahada ("There is no God but God alone and Muhammad is God's prophet.").
Mint of Qinnasrin [Chalcis]. Reference: Goodwin [2005] p.43, Foss p.79 and D.O. 112-114
Abu Galyon
|
|
Caliphate of Abd al-MalikAbd al-Malik ibn Marwan (685 – 705 CE) 'Standing Caliph' type, mint of Halab [Aleppo]. Fals, weight 1.32g, diameter 17mm.
Obverse: Standing bearded figure wearing headdress and long robe, with right hand on hilt of sword. Inscription: abd allah abd al-malik amir al-mu'minin ("The servant of God, Abd al-Malik, commander of the faithful").
Reverse: Object resembling Greek Φ, resting on three steps; To left, upwards, mint designation, bi-halab; to right, downwards, wāfin ("full value"). Inscription: the shahada ("There is no God but God alone and Muhammad is God’s prophet.").
Mint of Halab [Aleppo]. Reference: Goodwin [2005] p.43, Foss p.79 and D.O. 115-123
Abu Galyon
|
|
Caliphate of Mu'awiya Mu'awiya (660 – 680 CE). Bilingual series, mint of Homs (Emesa) in Syria. Fals, weight 2.8g, diameter 16mm.
Obverse: Bust facing, crown with cross, wearing cuirass and paludamentum, holding globus cruciger; to left vertically (in Greek) ΚΑΛΟΝ; to right vertically (in Arabic) bi-hims.
Reverse: Large cursive m; ~ * ~ above; to left EMI; to right CHC; in exergue (in Arabic) tayyib [= 'good'].
Reference: Foss p.50 and D.O. 65-78.
Abu Galyon
|
|
![Arab-Byzantine_Homs_Bilingual_[2].jpg](albums/userpics/24418/thumb_Arab-Byzantine_Homs_Bilingual_%5B2%5D.jpg "Filename=Arab-Byzantine_Homs_Bilingual_[2].jpg
Filesize=102KiB
Dimensions=1024x506
Date added=Jun 20, 2015")
Caliphate of Mu'awiyaMu'awiya (660 – 680 CE). Bilingual series, mint of Homs (Emesa) in Syria. Fals, weight 3.87g, diameter 20mm.
Obverse: Bust facing, crown with cross, wearing cuirass and paludamentum, holding globus cruciger; to left vertically (in Greek) ΚΑΛΟΝ; to right vertically (in Arabic) bi-hims, ✱ below.
Reverse: Large cursive m; ʘ * ʘ above; to left EMI; to right CHC; in exergue (in Arabic) tayyib [= 'good'].
Reference: Foss p.50 and D.O. 69-71.
Abu Galyon
|
|
Caliphate of Mu’awiyaMu'awiya (660 – 680 CE) First bilingual series, mint of Homs (Emesa) in Syria. Fals, weight 3.8g, diameter 20mm.
Obverse: Standing imperial figure, holding long cross and globus cruciger; in field to right (reading vertically from bottom to top): ΚΑΛΟΝ; in field to left (vertically, in Arabic): bism allah ("in the name of God").
Reverse: Large M, with rho-cross flanked by stars above and Δ below; to left (vertically) EMH; to right (vertically) CIC; in exergue (in Arabic): tayyib [= 'good'].
Reference: Foss p.43 and D.O. 40.
Abu Galyon
|
|
![Arab_First_Bilingual_Emesa_[2].jpg](albums/userpics/24418/thumb_Arab_First_Bilingual_Emesa_%5B2%5D.jpg "Filename=Arab_First_Bilingual_Emesa_[2].jpg
Filesize=143KiB
Dimensions=1024x498
Date added=Feb 21, 2013")
Caliphate of Mu’awiyaMu'awiya (660 – 680 CE) First bilingual series, mint of Homs (Emesa) in Syria. Fals, weight 3.53g, diameter 20mm.
Obverse: Standing imperial figure, holding long cross and globus cruciger; in field to right, (reading vertically from bottom to top): KAΛON; in field to left (vertically, in Arabic): bism allah ("in the name of God").
Reverse: Large M, with rho-cross flanked by stars above and Δ below; to left (vertically) EMH; to right (vertically) CIC; in exergue (in Arabic): tayyib [= 'good'].
Reference: Foss p.43 and D.O. 40.
Abu Galyon
|
|
Caliphate of Mu’awiyaMu'awiya (660 – 680 CE). Bilingual series, mint of Damascus. Fals, weight 4.29g, diameter 22mm.
Obverse: Emperor standing, crowned, holding long cross and globus cruciger; to left stylised bird (falcon?) on T-shaped perch; to right downwards ΔΑΜΑCKΟC
Reverse: Large M with rho-cross above; below ∩ over line; to right downwards ḍarb; in exergue dimashq; to left downwards jā'iz ("legal issue of Damascus")
References: Foss p.46 (type C) and Goodwin [2005], p.37 (number 22).
Abu Galyon
|
|
![Arab_Bilingual_Damascus_[2].jpg](albums/userpics/24418/thumb_Arab_Bilingual_Damascus_%5B2%5D.jpg "Filename=Arab_Bilingual_Damascus_[2].jpg
Filesize=223KiB
Dimensions=1920x936
Date added=Oct 17, 2014")
Caliphate of Mu’awiyaMu'awiya (660 – 680 CE). Bilingual series, mint of Damascus. Fals, weight 5.31g, diameter 19mm.
Obverse: Emperor standing, crowned, holding long cross and globus cruciger; to left stylised bird (falcon?) on T-shaped perch; to right downwards ΔΑΜΑCKΟC
Reverse: Large M with rho-cross above; below ∩ over line; to right downwards ḍarb; in exergue dimashq; to left downwards jā'iz ("legal issue of Damascus")
References: Foss p.46 (type C) and Goodwin [2005], p.37 (number 22).
Abu Galyon
|
|
![Arab_Bilingual_DAMACKOC_[3].jpg](albums/userpics/24418/thumb_Arab_Bilingual_DAMACKOC_%5B3%5D.jpg "Filename=Arab_Bilingual_DAMACKOC_[3].jpg
Filesize=256KiB
Dimensions=1920x927
Date added=Oct 12, 2015")
Caliphate of Mu’awiyaMu’awiya (660 – 680 CE). Bilingual series, mint of Damascus. Fals, weight 3.58g, diameter 20mm.
Obverse: Emperor standing, crowned, holding long cross and globus cruciger; to left stylised bird (falcon?) on T-shaped perch; to right downwards ΔΑΜΑCKΟC
Reverse: Large M with rho-cross above; below ∩ over line; to right downwards ḍarb; in exergue dimashq; to left downwards jā'iz (“legal issue of Damascus”)
References: Foss p.46 (type C) and Goodwin [2005], p.37 (number 22).
Abu Galyon
|
|
Caliphate of Mu’awiyaMu'awiya (660 – 680 CE). Fals, mint of Damascus, weight 3.89g, diameter 20mm.
Obverse: Emperor standing, holding long cross and globus cruciger; to left stylised palm leaf over T; to right downwards [ΛΕ]Ο.
Reverse: Large M with monogram 25 above; below ∩ over line; to left downwards A N O ; to right downwards X T[rotated 90°] I I ; in exergue [Δ]ΑΜ\
References: Foss p.45 and catalogue numbers 46-51 (p.132). Foss inserts this type into the ‘bilingual series’, which may be right in terms of style and chronology, but actually there are no Arabic epigraphic elements.
Abu Galyon
|
|
Caliphate of Mu’awiyaMu’awiya (660 – 680 CE) Bilingual series, mint of Baalbek (Heliopolis). Fals, weight 3.38g, diameter 22mm.
Obverse: No legend. Two standing crowned figures with cross in field between their heads, each figure holding a sceptre, right hand figure also holds globus cruciger.
Reverse: Large M with cross above and ꓵ below; HΛIȢ to left and ΠΟΛЄ to right, in exergue ba’albak (in Arabic).
Reference: Foss p. 49 and D.O. 60 – 62. See also Goodwin [2005], chapter 2.
Abu Galyon
|
|
Caliphate of Mu’awiyaMu’awiya (660 – 680 CE) Bilingual series, mint of Baalbek (Heliopolis). Fals, weight 3.29g, diameter 19mm.
Obverse: No legend. Two standing crowned figures with cross in field between their heads, each figure holding a sceptre, left hand figure also holds globus cruciger.
Reverse: Large M with cross above and ꓵ below; HΛIȢ to left and ΠΟΛЄ to right, in exergue ba’albak (in Arabic).
This is the unusual sub-variety with the design reversed (sceptres leaning to right and with the left-hand figure holding the globus cruciger). There are four examples illustrated in Goodwin’s die study of the Baalbek coinage (Goodwin [2005], chapter 2) all using the same obverse die, which this specimen also shares.
Abu Galyon
|
|
Caliphate of Mu’awiyaMu’awiya (660 – 680 CE) Bilingual series, mint of Tabariya (Tiberias). Fals, weight 4,25g, diameter 24mm.
Obverse: No legend. Three standing figures, each wearing crown with cross and holding globus cruciger.
Reverse: Large M, with rho-anchor staurogram above, A below; TIBEPIAΔO to left and in exergue; tabariya (in Arabic) to right.
Reference: Foss p. 52 and D.O. 81
Abu Galyon
|
|
DELHI SULTANATE, ALA' AL-DIN MUHAMMAD KHILJI Obverse: Legend in Persian: "Al-sultan al-a'zam /'ala al-dunya wa'l din / abu'l muzaffar muhammad shah /al-sultan."
Translation: The Sultan, the magnificent
excellence of the world and of faith
supreme conqueror, Muhammad Shah
the Sultan
Reverse: Margin (starting at 12 o'clock, from right to left): "Zarb Hazihi Al-Fizzat Bi-Hazrat Dehli Fi Sanat"
Legend in Persian: "Sikandar al-thani/ yamin al-khilafa/ nasir/ amir al-mu'minin"
Translation: This silver coin was struck at Hazrat Delhi
Second Alexander
defender
right hand of the caliphate
commander of the faithful
AH 695-715, 1296-1316 ADSkyler
|
|
Derivative Coinage early Caliphate 636-660 CEObverse: Beardless standing emperor derived from Constans II obverse, globus cruciger to r, long cross to l. NA l., O r.
Reverse: Large M, N, retrograde N, O to r., ex ~II~
Mint: Syria possibly Beirut
16mm 3.00gmwileyc
|
|
ISLAMIC, Delhi Sultanate, Muhammed Bin Tughlaq, AV DinarDelhi Sultanate, Muhammed Bin Tughlaq, AV Dinar, 10.9g, In the name of Caliph al-Mustakfi, Daulatabad mint, AH 745 / 1345 AD, Ref: GG D-425
Obv: fi zaman al-imam al-mustakfi billah amir al-mu'minin abu' rabi sulaiman khallada allah khilafatahu
(In the time/reign of the Caliph al-Mustakfi billah, Commander of the Faithful, Father of the Victorious, May God Perpetuate his Kingdom)
Rev: duriba hadha al-dinar al-khalifati fi daulatabad shahr sana kham'sa wa arba'oun wa sa'bamia
(was struck this Dinar of the Caliphate in the city of Daulatabad in the year five and forty and seven hundred)
The coins Muhammad Bin Tughlaq (MBT) struck in the name of Abbasid caliphs of Egypt instead of his own name are called the Khilafat or Caliphate issues. Just as the Prophet is the viceregent of God and the Caliph is the viceregent of the Prophet, the monarch is viceregent of the Caliph. No Muslim king could hold the title of Sultan unless there be a covenant between him and the Caliph. The recognition of the supremacy of the Caliph was therefore paramount.
In AH 740 / 1339 AD ie the later part of his rule, MBTs reign was faltering with the Delhi Sultanate facing multiple rebellions across the country. In the south, MBT had lost control of the Deccan with both Vijayanagar Kingdom and Bahamani Sultanate established independent of Delhi Sultanate's control. Besides loss of territory and the fragmentation of the Sultanate, MBT was also struck with doubt about the legitimacy of his reign. MBT therefore sought out the whereabouts of the Caliph and did not rest content until he had made the discovery of the presence of the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mustakfi in exile at Cairo, and applied to him for royal investiture. However, unknown to MBT, the Caliph al-Mustakfi had died in that very same year ie AH 740. Meanwhile, anticipating such investiture and to reflect his subservience to the Caliph, MBT struck Gold Dinars in the name of Caliph al-Mustakfi Billah in AH 741. Four years after Caliph al-Mustakfi's death, when the new Caliph al-Hakim II’s envoy reached MBT conveying him with the Caliphal edict, robe of honour and conferring him the title of nasir amir al-mu'minin, MBT at once struck coins in the name of al-Hakim.
MBTs religious devotion to the Caliph and emotional behaviour towards the Caliph's envoys were so ludicurous as to call forth a contemptuous comment from the contemporary chronicler Ziyauddin Barani. So great was the faith of the Sultan in the Abbasid Khalifas, says he, that he would have sent all his treasures in Delhi to Egypt, had it not been for the fear of robbers. But the Sultan must have sent a substantial amount, because when Ghiyasuddin, who was only a descendant of the extinct Caliphal house of Baghdad, visited India, Muhammad's bounty knew no bounds. He gave him a million tanka's (400,000 dinars), the fief of Kanauj, and the fort of Siri, besides such valuable articles as gold and silver wares, pages and slave girls. One thousand dinars were given for head-wash, a bath-tub of gold, and three robes on which in place of knots or buttons there were pearls as large as big hazel nuts. If this was given to a scion of a house which had become defunct, how much more was sent to the living Caliph at Cairo can only be surmised.
As can be expected on Caliphate issues, great care and attention was taken in the style and design of these coins as these reflected the high reverence, esteem and devotion of MBT towards the Caliph. The calligraphy on the coin is exquisite and breath takingly beautiful. The date on the coin (AH 745) indicates this was the last year when Gold Dinar's were struck in the name of Caliph al-Mustakfi Billah as soon thereafter, following the arrival of Caliph's envoy and confirmation of death of Caliph al-Mustakfi, coins were struck in the name of the new Caliph, al-Hakim. Although the coin legend states the coin as a dinar, the weight standard is that of a tanka. The Gold Dinar's in the name of Caliph al-Mustakfi Billah were struck from only 2 mints - Daulatabad and Dehli, with Daulatabad issue classified as Rare by Goron & Goenka.
mitresh
|
|
ISLAMIC--UMAYYADca. late 7th - early 8th Century AD
AE Fulus (Fals) 14 mm 1.86 g
Umayyad Caliphatelaney
|
|
Khilji Dynasty, Ala’ al-Din Muhammad KhiljiAR tanka, 27mm, 11.0g, 12h; Delhi, AD 1296-1316
Obv.: Legend in Persian: Al-sultan al-a'zam / 'ala al-dunya wa'l din / abu'l muzaffar muhammad shah / al-sultan. (The Sultan, the magnificent / excellence of the world and of faith / supreme conqueror, Muhammad Shah / the Sultan)
Rev.: Margin (starting at 12 o'clock, from right to left): "Zarb Hazihi Al-Fizzat [Bi-Hazrat Dehli Fi Sanat date] (This silver coin was struck at honorable Delhi in Year xxx); Legend in Persian: Sikandar al-thani / yamin al-khilafa / nasir / amir al-mu'minin (Second Alexander / defender / right hand of the caliphate / commander of the faithful)
Reference: DR# 994, GG# D226, 16-352-39
John Anthony
|
|
Salah ad-Din Yusuf Ibn AyyubHis name in Arabic, in full, is SALAH AD-DIN YUSUF IBN AYYUB ("Righteousness of the Faith, Joseph, Son of Job"), also called AL-MALIK AN-NASIR SALAH AD-DIN YUSUF I (b. 1137/38, Tikrit, Mesopotamia--d. March 4, 1193, Damascus), Muslim sultan of Egypt, Syria, Yemen, and Palestine, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, and the most famous of Muslim heroes.
In wars against the Christian crusaders, he achieved final success with the disciplined capture of Jerusalem (Oct. 2, 1187), ending its 88-year occupation by the Franks. The great Christian counterattack of the Third Crusade was then stalemated by Saladin's military genius.
Saladin was born into a prominent Kurdish family. On the night of his birth, his father, Najm ad-Din Ayyub, gathered his family and moved to Aleppo, there entering the service of 'Imad ad-Din Zangi ibn Aq Sonqur, the powerful Turkish governor in northern Syria. Growing up in Ba'lbek and Damascus, Saladin was apparently an undistinguished youth, with a greater taste for religious studies than military training.
His formal career began when he joined the staff of his uncle Asad ad-Din Shirkuh, an important military commander under the amir Nureddin, son and successor of Zangi. During three military expeditions led by Shirkuh into Egypt to prevent its falling to the Latin-Christian (Frankish) rulers of the states established by the First Crusade, a complex, three-way struggle developed between Amalric I, the Latin king of Jerusalem, Shawar, the powerful vizier of the Egyptian Fatimid caliph, and Shirkuh. After Shirkuh's death and after ordering Shawar's assassination, Saladin, in 1169 at the age of 31, was appointed both commander of the Syrian troops and vizier of Egypt.
His relatively quick rise to power must be attributed not only to the clannish nepotism of his Kurdish family but also to his own emerging talents. As vizier of Egypt, he received the title king (malik), although he was generally known as the sultan. Saladin's position was further enhanced when, in 1171, he abolished the Shi'i Fatimid caliphate, proclaimed a return to Sunnah in Egypt, and consequently became its sole ruler.
Although he remained for a time theoretically a vassal of Nureddin, that relationship ended with the Syrian emir's death in 1174. Using his rich agricultural possessions in Egypt as a financial base, Saladin soon moved into Syria with a small but strictly disciplined army to claim the regency on behalf of the young son of his former suzerain.
Soon, however, he abandoned this claim, and from 1174 until 1186 he zealously pursued a goal of uniting, under his own standard, all the Muslim territories of Syria, northern Mesopotamia, Palestine, and Egypt.
This he accomplished by skillful diplomacy backed when necessary by the swift and resolute use of military force. Gradually, his reputation grew as a generous and virtuous but firm ruler, devoid of pretense, licentiousness, and cruelty. In contrast to the bitter dissension and intense rivalry that had up to then hampered the Muslims in their resistance to the crusaders, Saladin's singleness of purpose induced them to rearm both physically and spiritually.
Saladin's every act was inspired by an intense and unwavering devotion to the idea of jihad ("holy war")-the Muslim equivalent of the Christian crusade. It was an essential part of his policy to encourage the growth and spread of Muslim religious institutions.
He courted its scholars and preachers, founded colleges and mosques for their use, and commissioned them to write edifying works especially on the jihad itself. Through moral regeneration, which was a genuine part of his own way of life, he tried to re-create in his own realm some of the same zeal and enthusiasm that had proved so valuable to the first generations of Muslims when, five centuries before, they had conquered half the known world.
Saladin also succeeded in turning the military balance of power in his favour-more by uniting and disciplining a great number of unruly forces than by employing new or improved military techniques. When at last, in 1187, he was able to throw his full strength into the struggle with the Latin crusader kingdoms, his armies were their equals. On July 4, 1187, aided by his own military good sense and by a phenomenal lack of it on the part of his enemy, Saladin trapped and destroyed in one blow an exhausted and thirst-crazed army of crusaders at Hattin, near Tiberias in northern Palestine.
So great were the losses in the ranks of the crusaders in this one battle that the Muslims were quickly able to overrun nearly the entire Kingdom of Jerusalem. Acre, Toron, Beirut, Sidon, Nazareth, Caesarea, Nabulus, Jaffa (Yafo), and Ascalon (Ashqelon) fell within three months.
But Saladin's crowning achievement and the most disastrous blow to the whole crusading movement came on Oct. 2, 1187, when Jerusalem, holy to both Muslim and Christian alike, surrendered to the Sultan's army after 88 years in the hands of the Franks. In stark contrast to the city's conquest by the Christians, when blood flowed freely during the barbaric slaughter of its inhabitants, the Muslim reconquest was marked by the civilized and courteous behaviour of Saladin and his troops. His sudden success, which in 1189 saw the crusaders reduced to the occupation of only three cities, was, however, marred by his failure to capture Tyre, an almost impregnable coastal fortress to which the scattered Christian survivors of the recent battles flocked. It was to be the rallying point of the Latin counterattack.
Most probably, Saladin did not anticipate the European reaction to his capture of Jerusalem, an event that deeply shocked the West and to which it responded with a new call for a crusade. In addition to many great nobles and famous knights, this crusade, the third, brought the kings of three countries into the struggle.
The magnitude of the Christian effort and the lasting impression it made on contemporaries gave the name of Saladin, as their gallant and chivalrous enemy, an added lustre that his military victories alone could never confer on him.
The Crusade itself was long and exhausting, and, despite the obvious, though at times impulsive, military genius of Richard I the Lion-Heart, it achieved almost nothing. Therein lies the greatest-but often unrecognized--achievement of Saladin. With tired and unwilling feudal levies, committed to fight only a limited season each year, his indomitable will enabled him to fight the greatest champions of Christendom to a draw. The crusaders retained little more than a precarious foothold on the Levantine coast, and when King Richard set sail from the Orient in October 1192, the battle was over.
Saladin withdrew to his capital at Damascus. Soon, the long campaigning seasons and the endless hours in the saddle caught up with him, and he died. While his relatives were already scrambling for pieces of the empire, his friends found that the most powerful and most generous ruler in the Muslim world had not left enough money to pay for his own grave.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
H.A.R. Gibb, "The Arabic Sources for the Life of Saladin," Speculum, 25:58-72 (1950). C.W. Wilson's English translation of one of the most important Arabic works, The Life of Saladin (1897), was reprinted in 1971. The best biography to date is Stanley Lane-Poole, Saladin and the Fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, new ed. (1926, reprinted 1964), although it does not take account of all the sources.
See: http://stp.ling.uu.se/~kamalk/language/saladin.html
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
|
|
The Earl Caliphate Cyprus Imitation (638-ca.645)Obv: Three imperial figures standing wearing chlamys and crown with cross, holding long cross. over struck on coin with legand to rt.
Reverse: Large M, A (retrograde N's) O to left, A below,
6.77gm, 27/16 mm
This is the second of two main series struck as a imitative coinage usually derived from coins of Foca, Heraclius and Constans II. They do not employ a dating system and the officina and date they do have are considered meaning less at this time. Clive Foss from in "Arab -Byzantine coins" reports that a analyses by Pottier and colleagues concluded that they do correspond to a Byzantine standard and the most probable date of them was from 638-643. They are therefore considered some of the first identifiable Arab_Byzantine coins under the governorship of Mu'awiya.
wileyc
|
|
|
|
Umayyad CaliphateAlbum 153, Walker 633, BMC ArabByz 622
AE post-reform anonymous fals. Syrian type, assumed to have been minted 78-85 A.H. / 698-705 A.D. in the reign of 'Abd al-Malek. Undated, no mint and standard legends. 2.66 g., 17.82 mm. max., 90°
Obv: la Ilaha / illa Allah / wahdah (= There is no god but Allah) in three lines within double circle, star to left [?].
Rev: Muhammed / rasul / Allah (= Muhammad is the prophet of Allah), in three lines within circle.Stkp
|
|
Umayyad Caliphate, al-Andalus: Hisham II ibn al-Hakam, 1st reign (976-1009 CE) AR Dirhem, Qurtubah Mint (Album-354.2)Obv: Arabic legend in four lines - لا اله الا الله وحده لا شريك له محمد (There is no God but Allah alone. There are no others with him, Muhammad)
Obv Margin: Arabic legend around - بسم الله ضرب هذا الدرهم بالاندلس سنة واحد و تسعين و ثلث مئة (In the name of God, this Dirham was struck in al-Andalus in the year one and ninety and three hundred)
Rev: Arabic legend in four lines - الامام هشام امير المؤمنين المؤيد بالله عامر (The Imam Hisham, Commander of the Faithful, al-M'ayyad Billah 'Amir)
Rev Margin: محمد رسول الله ارسله بالهدى و دين الحق ليظهره على الدين كله ولو كره المشركون (Muhammad is the messenger of God. He sent him with guidance and the true religion to reveal it to all religions even if the polytheists abhor it)
Dim: 25mm, 2.88 g, 3h
Quant.Geek
|
|
|
|
Umayyad Caliphate, Arab-Byzantine: Anonymous (685-692 AD) Æ Fals (Album-3501; SICA I, 505)Obv: Emperor Heraclius in center, with his sons Heraclius Constantine (on right) and Heraclonas (on left) standing facing, each wearing a crown with cross and long robes, and each holding in right hand a globe surmounted by a cross; traces of outer circle
Rev: Large M; staurogram above; officina mark Γ below; left downwards ANNO; right downwards XЧII; below exergual line mint-signature KVΠP (= Cyprus); outer circle
Quant.Geek
|
|
|
Umayyad Caliphate, Arab-Byzantine: Anonymous (ca. 680 AD) Æ Fals, Dimashq (Album 3517.3)Obv: Emperor standing and facing, in right hand a long cross and in left hand a globus cruciger, crescent on 'T' , Greek letters ΛЄO to right downwards, all enclosed by beaded circle
Rev: جائز/ ضرب / دمشق, Capital M with monogram above and "officina" symbol (a downturned crescent) below, Arabic inscription to left downwards, Arabic inscription to right downwards, Arabic inscription in exergue (mint name), all enclosed by beaded circle
Quant.Geek
|
|
Umayyad Caliphate, Arab-Byzantine: Mu'awiya I ibn Abi Sufyan (661-680 CE) Æ Fals, Damascus (Album-3511.1; SICA I, 577; DOCAB-57; Walker 4-5)Obv: Emperor seated on throne, facing, wearing long robe and crown with cross; in right hand he holds a cross-tipped scepter, sloping over right shoulder; in left a globus cruciger; in field right, downwards ΛЄO; to left, bird above T
Rev: Large m; cross above; below, pseudo-Ω with central pellet; X/Ч (retrograde)/II to left, AИO to right; ΔAM in exergue
Quant.Geek
|
|
Umayyad Caliphate, North Africa: Anonymous (ca. 760 AD) AE Fals, NM, ND (Album-145; Walker-P116; Lavoix 1342; Frochoso III-a)Obv: ⸙ لا إله إلا ☆ الله; There is no God but (pentagram) Allah (palm branch)
Rev: محمد ر ﹏ سول الله; Muhammad is the (wavy line) messenger of GodQuant.Geek
|
|
Umayyad Caliphate, Palestine: Anonymous (738+ AD) AE Fals, Baysan Mint (Album-165; Walker-686; SNAT-IVa, 274ff; SICA-2, 1345ff)Obv: Within looped square inside circle, لا إله إلا الله وحده ("There is no god but Allah alone")
Rev: Within looped square inside circle, fish left; on three sides around from above, محمد رسول الله ("Muhammad is the apostle of Allah")Quant.Geek
|
|
Umayyad Caliphate, Spain: Anonymous (740+ AD) AE Fals, al-Andalus, ND (Frochoso XX-e)Obv: la ilah illa / Allah wadahu / la sherikh lahu ("There is no god but Allah alone. There are no others with Him."); pellet above center of third line, pointillate margin.
Rev: Muhammad / rassul / Allah ("Muhammad is the apostle of Allah"); in margin from 9h, ...محمد رسول الله أرسله بالهدى ("Muhammad is the apostle of Allah who sent him with guidance..."); crescent above Muhammad
The marginal inscription is known as the "Second Symbol" (Qu'ran 9:33) which translates in full, "Muhammad is the apostle of Allah, who sent him with guidance and a religion of truth in order that he might cause it to shine brightly over all religion, though the polytheists dislike it".
Quant.Geek
|
|
Umayyad Caliphate. cf. Walker 790-792, cf. Bones Halab 3.1
AE post-reform anonymous fals (22-23 mm.), struck at the Halab (Aleppo) mint after ca. 90 A.H. (= 708 A.D.)
Obv: la Ilaha / illa Allah / wahdah (= There is no god but Allah) in three lines within double circle.
Rev: Muhammed / rasul / Allah (= Muhammad is the prophet of Allah), in three lines within circle. Bism Allah duriba hadha l-fals bi-Halab waf around margin (possibly blundered).
Note: The Umayyad falus were essentially a local civic coinage struck under several governors and local officials with very few, if any, struck by order of the Caliphs. Stkp
|
|
Umayyad Caliphate. Anonymous (65-132 A.H., 684 -750 A.D.)Walker BMC 712; SNAT Egypt 100-110; Album 147
AE fals, no mint (al-Fustat), undated; 3.46 g., 16.49 mm. max., 2.79 mm. thick
Obv.: Six-pointed star in circle, Arabic script (Muhammad rasûl Allâh) around.
Rev.: Arabic script in three rows (Bismillah / ___ / ____).Stkp
|
|
Umayyad Caliphate. Anonymous (Post Reform) (77-132 A.H., 696 -750 A.D.)Walker BMC 812-815; Album 174
AE fals, Domashq/Damascus mint, undated; 1.94 g., 15.92 mm. max.
Obv.: Six-petal flower in circle, Arabic script around.
Rev.: Pentagram in circle, Arabic script around.Stkp
|
|
Umayyad Caliphate. Anonymous (Post Reform) (77-132 A.H., 696 -750 A.D.)Walker BMC 850; SNAT Palastina 45-54. Album 185
AE fals, al-Ramla mint, undated; 2.84 g., 19.46 mm. max., 180°
Obv.: la Ilaha / illa Allah / wahdah (= There is no god but Allah) in three lines within double circle with striations.
Rev.: Muhammed / rasul / Allah (= Muhammad is the prophet of Allah), in three lines within circle, tree to right; Arabic inscription circling.Stkp
|
|
Umayyad Caliphate. Anonymous. 8th century Æ post-reform fals. Syrian type. Obv. la ilah illa Allah wahdahu with traces of pellet within double circle in marginal area.
Rev. "Pomegranate" Muhammad Rasul Allah around, pellet within outer circle.
References: Walker 595 var (rose bud); Album 158; Goussouss 95. VF, Rare.
20mm, 2.80 gramsCanaan
|
|
Umayyad Caliphate: 'Umar bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Dirham, Dimashq Mint, AH100 (Album-133)Special thanks to http://islamiccoins.ancients.info for translation and general information...
Obverse Field:
لا اله الا الله وحده لا شرك له
There is no deity except (the one) God alone. He has no equal
Obverse Margin:
بسم الله ضرب هذا الدرهم بدمشق سنة مئة
In the name of God. This Dirham was struck in Damascus in the year one hundred
Reverse Field:
الله احد الله الصمد لم يلد و لم يولد و لم يكن له كفوا احد
God is One God. The eternal and indivisible, who has not begotten, and has not been begotten and never is there His equal
Reverse Margin:
محمد رسول الله ارسله بالهدى و دين الحق ليظهره على الدين كله ولو كره المشركون
Muhammad is the messenger of God. He sent him with guidance and the true religion to reveal it to all religions even if the polytheists abhor it.Quant.Geek
|
|
Umayyad Caliphate: al-Walid bin Ta'id (731-739 AD) AE Fals, al-Mawsil Mint (Album-193; Walker-938; Nützel 2042-2045; SICA-2, 1273; Rotter-6d)Obv: Within two intersecting squares forming an octofoil, لا إله إلا الله ÙˆØده ("There is no God but Allah alone")
Rev: Within square, Ù…Øمد رسول الله ("Muhammad is the apostle of Allah"); in margin, بسم الله مما أمر به الأمير الوليد بن تليد بالموصل ("In the name of God, which was ordered by the amir al-Walid bin Ta'id of al-Mawsil")Quant.Geek
|
|
|
|
|
Umayyad Caliphate: Anonymous (698-705 AD) AE Fals, NM, NDObv: Arabic legend in three lines within circle, لا إله إلا الله وحده (There is no god but Allah)
Rev: Arabic legend in three lines within circle, محمد رسول الله (Muhammad is the messenger of God)
Quant.Geek
|
|
Umayyad Caliphate: Anonymous (698-705 AD) AE Fals, NM, NDObv: Arabic legend in three lines within circle, لا إله إلا الله وحده (There is no god but Allah)
Rev: Arabic legend in three lines within circle, محمد رسول الله (Muhammad is the messenger of God)
Quant.Geek
|
|
Umayyad Caliphate: Anonymous (698-705 AD) AE Fals, NM, ND (Album-153; Walker-633)This Kalima-type Fals is assumed to be minted in Syria around 698-705 AD (78-85 AH). Cross-referencing Walker, it is similar to Walker-631, but with a set of 3 annulets on the obverse and reverse.
Obv: Arabic legend in three lines within circle, لا إله إلا الله وحده (There is no god but Allah); three annulets in second outer circle with interval between
Rev: Arabic legend in three lines within circle, محمد رسول الله (Muhammad is the messenger of God); three annulets in second outer circle with interval between
Quant.Geek
|
|
Umayyad Caliphate: Anonymous (710 AD) AE Fals, NM, ND (Album-145; Walker-734)This Fals is assumed to be minted in an unknown mint in Northern Africa around 710 AD (90 AH) based on the Arabic legend of "Praise be to Allah" which is indicative of Northern African coins as per Walker.
Obv: Arabic legend in two lines within circle, بسم الله (In the name of God)
Rev: Arabic legend in two lines within circle, الحمد لله (Praise be to Allah)
Reference
Walker, John R. A Catalogue of the Arab-Byzantine and Post-reform Umaiyad Coins: With 31 Plates. London: British Museum, 1956
Quant.Geek
|
|
Umayyad Caliphate: Anonymous (719 AD) AE Cast Fals, Khorasan Mint (Album-N206; Walker-673)Obv: Arabic legend in three lines: لا إله إلا الله وحده (There is no God but Allah alone)
Rev: Arabic legend in three lines: محمد رسول الله جائز (Muhammad is the apostle of Allah. Permitted); Trace of double margin either side.
جائز (Ja'iz) translates as "permitted [by law]" or in a numismatic context, "legal tender".Quant.Geek
|
|
|
Umayyad Caliphate: Anonymous (ca 718-719 CE) AE Fals, Hims, ND (Walker-801)Obv: In the field, full circle with dot inside; around, marginal legend: circle, لا إله إلا الله وحده (There is no god but Allah); traces of outer circle
Rev: In the field, semi-circle with dot inside; around, marginal legend:ضرب هذا الفلس بحمص (Struck this fals of Hims); traces of outer circle
Quant.Geek
|
|
Umayyad Caliphate: Anonymous (ca 724-743 CE) AE Fals, Dimashq, ND (Walker-828; Bone-78)Umayyad Caliphate. temp. Hisham. 105-125/724-743. Æ anonymous fals (18.0 mm, 2.64 g, 2 h). Dimashq mint, ND. Scarce. Kufic legend in three lines la ilaha / illallah / wahdahu, branch below / Kufic lengend in three-lines duriba / bi-dimashq / al-fals, crescent between stars below. Bone 78; Walker 828. gVF, black patina with red highlights. Quant.Geek
|
|
Umayyad Caliphate: Anonymous (ca. 78-120 AH) Æ Fals, ND (Walker-598; SNA Tübingen IVa 553)Obv: Scorpion; around, muhammad rasûl allâh
Rev: lâ ilâha/illâ llâh/wahdahu in three lines
Quant.Geek
|
|
Umayyad Caliphate: Mu'awiya I ibn Abi Sufyan (661-680) Æ Fals, Tabariya (DOCAB 81; Goodwin&Gyselen p. 226, 30; SICA I, 587)Obv: Three imperial figures standing facing, each wearing crown surmounted by cross and holding globus cruciger
Rev: Large M in center; above, monogram; below, officina symbol; around, blundered THBEPI-AΔOC; in field to right, طبرية (Tabariya) in Arabic
Dim: 26 mm, 4.42 g, 11 hQuant.Geek
|
|
![[Umayyad]_Yazid_II,_720-724AD,_Dirham,_Wasit_Mint,_AH105_(Album-135).jpg](albums/userpics/36484/thumb_%5BUmayyad%5D_Yazid_II%2C_720-724AD%2C_Dirham%2C_Wasit_Mint%2C_AH105_%28Album-135%29.jpg "Filename=[Umayyad]_Yazid_II,_720-724AD,_Dirham,_Wasit_Mint,_AH105_(Album-135).jpg
Filesize=159KiB
Dimensions=1001x514
Date added=Nov 10, 2013")
Umayyad Caliphate: Yazid II bin 'Abd al-Malik Dirham, Wasit Mint, AH105 (Album-135)Special thanks to http://islamiccoins.ancients.info for translation and general information...
Obverse Field:
لا اله الا الله وحده لا شرك له
There is no deity except (the one) God alone. He has no equal
Obverse Margin:
بسم الله ضرب هذا الدرهم بواسط سنة خمس و مئة
In the name of God. This Dirham was struck in Wasit in the year five and one hundred
Reverse Field:
الله احد الله الصمد لم يلد و لم يولد و لم يكن له كفوا احد
God is One God. The eternal and indivisible, who has not begotten, and has not been begotten and never is there His equal
Reverse Margin:
محمد رسول الله ارسله بالهدى و دين الحق ليظهره على الدين كله ولو كره المشركون
Muhammad is the messenger of God. He sent him with guidance and the true religion to reveal it to all religions even if the polytheists abhor it.Quant.Geek
|
|
Umayyad DirhamIslamic year of 96
715 AD
Wasit mint
|
|
YAZID II , Dirham.YAZID II (born 691 – died 724)
An UMAYYAD CALIPHATE Ruled from 720-724 (died)AD = 101-105 AH
Yazid II was son of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan , as was the nineth Umayyad Caliphas
Struck at the mint of Wasit in 105 AH , Ch XF.
2.9 gr , 26 mm
References:
A-135 , Lavoix - 447
Here is an exact translation from Arabic to English :
The side on the left :
In the middle : There is no God but Allah alone with no partner.
Around : In the name of Allah this Dirham was struck in Wasit in the year five and a hundred.
(105)
The side on the right :
in the middle : Allah is unique (it means Allah is the only God) , Allah is eternal did not give birth , was not born and no one ever has been equaled to Him.
Around ; Mohammed is messenger of Allah , who sent him with guidance and the right religion
to conquer it ( it , here refers to Islam religion ) over all religions however much the idolaters.
From the Sam Mansourati Collection.Sam
|
|
|
|
|
