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Rome. Vespasian (AD 69-79). AR denarius (3.52 gm). Rome, AD 79. Laureate head of Vespasian right / Capricorn left; below, globe. RIC 1058. Ex: CNG 42, lot 42, 1997; Ex: CNG Triton VI, lot 836, 1/13/2003; Ex: NAC 92, lot 2240, 5/23/16; Heritage Auctions, Auction 3036, lot 33400, 1/16/20182 commentspaul1888
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Trajan AR Denarius. Rome, AD 113-114. IMP TRAIANO OPTIMO AVG GER DAC P M TR P, laureate and draped bust right / COS VI P P SPQR, Trajan's column surmounted by statue of the emperor; at base, two eagles. RIC 307; BMCRE 522; RSC 115. 3.53g, 20mm, 6h. Ex: Roman Numismatics E-Sale 58, lot 1102, June 20, 2019; Ex: Spink Auction 18055, Lot 296, November 7, 2018; Ex: CNG E-auction 393, lot 242, March 15, 2017; Ex: Dr. Lawrence D. Sporty Collection; Ex: CNG Inventory # 874073, June 2010.1 commentspaul1888
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BERIA, Bolskan. Circa 150-100 BC. AR Denarius (17.5mm, 4.05 g, 1h). Bare bearded head right; Iberian bon to left / Warrior, holding spear, on horseback right; Iberian bolśkan below. ACIP 1417; SNG BM Spain 710–33. Ex. Triton XX, lot 1, 1/10/2017 (unsold), ex: CNG Electronic Auction 412, lot 1, 1/17/2018.1 commentspaul1888
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Bithynia, Claudiopolis (as Bithynium). Gallienus AD 253-268, AE (25mm, 9.94 gram)
ΠOV ΛIK ΓAΛΛHNOC C; laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right
BIΘVNIEΩ-N AΔPIAN-ΩN; Zeus seated left, holding patera and scepter
RG 72; SNG von Aulock 343; BMC 20; Lindgren III 173 (this coin, illustrated); Good VF, green patina.

Ex CNG 35 (20 Sep 1995), lot 1075; Ex Dr. Henry Clay Lindgren collection and reportedly (in Lindgren catalogue) ex R.C. Lockett and Rogers collections
paul1888
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BOEOTIA Federal coinage Drachm (AR; 17-19mm; 5.48g) c. 304-294 bc. Boeotian shield. Rev. Δ – I Amphora and above pellet within incuse square.
BCD Boeotia 69; Head p. 57; McClean p. 314, 5513; SNG Delepierre 1298; SNG Lockett 1775; Traité III p. 267, 287 and pl. 202.26; Weber p. 317, 3328 and pl. 125.
Ex Gemini VI, New York Sunday, January 10, 2010, lot 113.
Ex: CNG Electronic Auction 148, September 20, 2006, lot 12, BCD collection.
Ex KURPFÄLZISCHE MÜNZHANDLUNG, Mannheim, Germany
1984: no 27, 12 Dec.
Ex: Numismatic Fine Arts, Inc., Publication No. 12, January-February 1979, Lot 27
1 commentspaul1888
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Ancient Greek
LUCANIA
Metapontion, struck circa 340-330 BC
Female head right / Seven-grain barley ear; ΜΕΤΑ upward to left
7.60 g, 20 mm, silver
References: HGC I, 1052, HN Italy 1538; Numismatic Notes and Monographs #47, The Coinage of Metapontum, 1931, Sydney P. Noe 509c (this coin); ex-Lloyd, Helbing 55:lot 3364 (pictured) 11/08/1928; ex-Woodward, Ars Classica XV: lot 174 (pictured) 07/02/1930; ex CNG Trition IV, Part 1, lot 47, 12/5/2000
1 commentspaul1888
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Roman Imperial, Lucius Verus, 161-169 Denarius circa 162, AR 18mm., 2.77g. Bare head r. Rev. Providentia standing l., holding globe and cornucopia. C 155. RIC M. Aurelius 482.
Ex CNG e-sale 342, 2015, 594. From the D. Fagan Collection, purchased from Palladium Numismatics.
paul1888
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Philip II. AD 247-249. Æ Dupondius (10.92 g, 11h). Rome mint, 3rd officina. 10th emission, AD 249. Radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Cippus millenarius inscribed COS/II in two lines. RIC IV 265c. Ex: CNG 72, lot 1662, June 14, 2006. paul1888
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ISLANDS off THRACE, Thasos. Circa 90-75 BC. AR Tetradrachm (31mm, 16.63 g, 12h). “Imitative” series. Head of young Dionysos right, wearing ivy wreath / Herakles standing facing, head left, holding club in right hand, lion skin draped over left arm; monogram to inner left. Prokopov, Silberprägung, Group XII, 633 (V AC1/R 518); Le Rider, Thasiennes 52; HGC 6, 359. Toned, light deposits. VF.

From the Don T. Hayes Collection.
CNG 546 lot 56.
Britanikus
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3 Tiberius BerytusTIBERIUS 14-37 AD
Æ 27mm (19.74 g, 12h). Berytus mint.

[TI] • CAESAR • AVGVST • F • IMPERAT • [VII], bare head right / COL • IVL, Pontiff veiled in toga driving yoke of oxen right, plowing pomerium.

RPC I 4543; AUB 39; BMC 68. Near VF
Ex-CNG Sale XXII 9/2/92
RI0049
Sosius
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4 Caligula AsGAIUS (CALIGULA)
Æ As (29mm, 11.75 g, 5h) Rome mint. Struck AD 40-41.

C CAESAR DIVI AVG PRON AVG P M TR P IIII P P, Bare head left / VESTA, S-C across field, Vesta seated left on throne, holding patera and scepter.

RIC I 54, Cohen 29. VF, green patina, some roughness.

Ex CNG
RI0015
Sosius
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6 NeroNERO
AR Denarius (19mm, 3.43 g, 6h)
Rome mint. Struck ~65-66 AD

O: Laureate head right

R: Salus seated left on throne, holding patera.

RIC I 60; RSC 314. aVF

Ex-CNG Sale 35, Lot 737, 9/20/95

In AD 65-66 two new types appear on the coins of Nero, Jupiter Custos- “Guardian”, and Salus- “Well-Being” (of the emperor). Nero gave thanks for surviving the Pisonian Conspiracy, which got its name from G. Calpurnius Piso, a senator put forward as an alternative emperor by senior military officers and government officials who feared the increasingly erratic Nero. The plot was discovered, many prominent Romans were executed, and others, such as the philosopher Seneca, were forced to commit suicide. This delayed the emperor’s fate for a few years.

RI0043
1 commentsSosius
Galba_RIC_232.jpg
7 GalbaGALBA
AR Denarius (17mm, 3.13 g, 6h).
Rome mint. Struck circa July AD 68-January AD 69.

O: Laureate head right

R: Salus standing left, right foot on globe, sacrificing from patera over altar and holding rudder.

RIC I 232; RSC 240. Fine, toned.

Ex CNG
RI0035
1 commentsSosius
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7 GalbaGalba.
AD 68-69. Æ As (28mm, 10.30 g, 6h). Rome mint.
Struck circa August–October AD 68.
Laureate head left / Ceres seated left, holding grain ears and caduceus.
RIC I 324 var. (bust right); ACG –. Good Fine, brown patina, porous surfaces. Rare with bust left.
From the Dr. Robert A. Kilmarx Collection.
Ex CNG - Nov 2013
4 commentsSosius
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10 Vespasian and TitusVespasian, 1 July 69 - 24 June 79 A.D., Antioch, Syria

Silver tetradrachm, Prieur 113, McAlee 336, RPC II 1947, Wruck 86, aVF, Antioch mint, weight 13.89g, maximum diameter 24.3mm, die axis 0o, 70 - 71 A.D.; obverse ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤ ΚΑΙΣΑ ΟΥΕΣΠΑΣΙΑΝΟΥ, laureate bust right; reverse ETOYC Γ IEPOY (Holy Year 3), eagle standing left on club, wings spread, palm frond left; ex CNG auction 149, lot 286; ex Garth R. Drewry Collection, ex Harmer Rooke (26-28 March 1973), lot 488 (part of).

Struck to pay Titus' legions during and after the First Jewish Revolt. RPC notes c. 320 different dies indicate 6,500,000 Syrian tetradrachms might have been minted. This was the quantity Titus would have needed to pay his four legions. Hoard evidence finds many of these types in Judaea confirming they were used to pay the legions.

Purchased from FORVM!
RI0002
Sosius
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101cfCarausius 287-93 AD
Antoninianus
Obv "[IMP CA]RAVSIVS PF AVG"
Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev "PAX AVG"
Pax standing left holding vertical sceptre
London mint
L/-//ML
RIC - (cf 101)
ML not visible on this coin but reverse die duplicate CNG eAuction 424, lot 527
mauseus
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11 Titus Æ DupondiusTITUS
Æ Dupondius
(28mm, 13.13 g, 6h)
Lugdunum (Lyon) mint, under Vespasian, 77-78 AD

O: Laureate head right, globe at tip of neck

R: Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopia.
RIC II 1252 (Vespasian); Lyon 107 (Vespasian). Good VF, natural green patina, minor cleaning marks.

Ex CNG
RI0054
6 commentsSosius
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14 TrajanPHOENICIA, Tyre. Trajan. AD 98-117. AR Tetradrachm (23mm, 13.88 g, 10h). Struck AD 110/1. Laureate head right; below, club left and eagle standing right / Tyche seated right on rock, holding grain ears; below, river god Orontes swimming right, head left. McAlee 470; Prieur 1498. VF.

Ex CNG
1 commentsSosius
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15.25 Hadrian and SabinaEGYPT, Alexandria. Hadrian. AD 117-138. BI Tetradrachm (25mm, 12.94 g, 12h). Dated RY 18 (AD 133/4). Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Hadrian right / Draped bust of Sabina right, wearing stephane; L–IH (date) across field. Köln 1093; Dattari (Savio) 1255; K&G 32.572. VF, find patina, slight die shift on obverse.

Ex Classical Numismatic Group 34 (6 May 1995), lot 331.

Ex CNG eAuction 318
6 commentsSosius
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16 AeliusAELIUS
Æ As. Rome mint.
(26mm, 10.09 g, 6h). Struck under Hadrian, 137AD
Bare head right / Salus seated left feeding serpent rising from altar.
RIC II 1075 (Hadrian). Near EF, green patina, rough spot before Aelius’ neck.
Ex CNG
RI0074
Sosius
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22 Didius JulianusROMAN IMPERIAL
Didius Julianus
AD 193
Æ Sestertius (28mm, 19.82 g, 11h). Rome mint.

Laureate head right / Fortuna standing left, holding rudder set on globe and cornucopia.

RIC IV 15. Fine, brown patina, scratches
Ex CNG
RI0128
6 commentsSosius
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24 Septimius SeverusSeptimius Severus.
AD 193-211.
AR Denarius (19mm, 3.09 g, 7h). Rome mint. Struck circa AD 201-210.

Laureate head right / Genius standing left, sacrificing from patera over altar and holding two grain ears.

RIC IV 201; RSC 475. Good VF, toned, light porosity.

Ex CNG - Nov 2013
2 commentsSosius
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29.6 Aquilia Severa - Wife of ElagabalusEGYPT, Alexandria. Aquilia Severa. Augusta, AD 220-221 & 221-222. Potin Tetradrachm (23mm, 11.63 g, 11h). Dated RY 4 of Elagabalus (AD 220/1). Draped bust right / Homonoia standing left, right hand raised, holding double cornucopia with left; L Δ (date) to left. Köln 2369; Dattari (Savio) 4178; K&G 58.3. Near VF, dark brown patina, light porosity.

Ex CNG eAuction 318
Sosius
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3.5 Herennius EtruscusROMAN IMPERIAL
Herennius Etruscus
As Caesar, AD 249-251.
AR Antoninianus (22mm, 4.87 g, 12h). Rome mint. 3rd-4th emission, AD 250.

O: Radiate and draped bust right, seen from behind

R: Sprinkler, simpulum, jug, patera and lituus.
RIC IV 143 (Decius); RSC 14. VF, flan flaw on obverse, light reverse porosity, struck from a worn reverse die.

Ex-CNG
2 commentsSosius
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32 Gordian I AfricanusGORDIAN I
BI Tetradrachm of Alexandria, Egypt (22mm, 12.90 g, 12h). Dated RY 1 (AD 238)

AK M AN ΓOPΔIANOC CЄM AΦP, Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Nike seated left; LA (date) to left.

Köln 2602; Dattari 4659; K&G 68.10. Good VF, untouched brown patina with scattered red and green.
Ex Editions V. Gadoury, Auction 2012, 1 December 2012, Monaco, Lot 335.
Ex CNG 93, May 2013
5 commentsSosius
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33 Gordian IIÆ Sestertius, 28mm, 16.93 g, 12h, Rome mint, 238 AD

O: Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind

R: Roma seated left on shield, holding Victory and scepter.
RIC IV 5.

Fine, green and brown patina, roughness, light scratches, pit on reverse.

Ex-CNG
2 commentsSosius
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34 BalbinusÆ Sestertius, 30mm, 22.61 g, 12h, Rome mint. 238 AD

O: Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right

R: Liberalitas standing facing, head left, holding abacus and cornucopia.
RIC IV 15.

Good Fine, black patina with some earthen highlights

Ex CNG
2 commentsSosius
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7 GallienusGALLIENUS
Æ 10 Assaria of Pamphylia, Perge/Perga, 253-268. AD

Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; I (mark of value) before / Zeus seated left, holding phiale and scepter; eagle at feet to left.

SNG France -; SNG Copenhagen -; SNG von Aulock -. VF

Not in references, but identical coin sold in CNG 217, Lot 283
Sosius
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70.5 HanniballianusROMAN IMPERIAL
Hanniballianus
Rex Regum, AD 335-337. Æ Follis (15mm, 1.73 g, 12h). Const. mint, 6th officina. Struck AD 336-337.

O: Bareheaded, draped, and cuirassed bust right.
R: Euphrates reclining right, leaning upon scepter; reed behind, overturned urn below, CONSÏ‚.

RIC VII 147; LRBC 1036. Good Fine, dark green patina with some earthen deposits.

Ex CNG
Sosius
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76 Julian IIROMAN IMPERIAL
Julian II
AD 360-363. AR Siliqua (18mm, 1.87 g, 12h). Lugdunum (Lyon) mint. Struck AD 361.

O: Pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right R: Pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VOTIS/ V/ MVLTIS/ X in four lines within wreath; LVG.

RIC VIII 218; RSC 163a. Sear (2014) 19130. VF, toned, flan crack, graffiti on reverse.

Ex CNG
2 commentsSosius
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8 MacrianusAntoninianus (20mm, 4.16 g, 12h). Samosata mint. 1st emission. 260-261 AD.

O: Radiate and cuirassed bust right

R: Indulgentia seated left, holding scepter; star to left

RIC V 8; MIR 44, 1732k; RSC 6.

Good Fine, toned, porous surfaces.

Ex-CNG
Sosius
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P. Clodius M.f. TurrinusMoneyer issues of Imperatorial Rome. P. Clodius M.f. Turrinus. 42 BC. AR Denarius (19mm, 3.89 g, 1h). Rome mint. Laureate head of Apollo right; lyre behind / Diana Lucifera standing right, bow and quiver on her shoulder, holding torch in each hand. Crawford 494/23; CRI 184; Sydenham 1117; Claudia 15. Good VF, toned, a few minor scratches beneath the toning.

From the RAJ Collection. Ex CNG Inventory 914993 (2012 NYINC); Sincona 4 (25 October 2011), lots 4160 or 4161 (part of), includes ticket from a French Collectio
1 commentsecoli
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Q. SiciniusMoneyer issues of Imperatorial Rome. Q. Sicinius. Early 49 BC. AR Denarius (17.5mm, 3.89 g, 4h). Rome mint. Diademed head of Fortuna Populi Romani right / Palm frond with fillet and winged caduceus in saltire; wreath above. Crawford 440/1; CRI 1; Sydenham 938; Sicinia 5. Near VF, toned, some iridescence, banker’s marks and a couple scratches under tone on obverse, traces of deposits, a few minor marks on reverse.

Ex CNG
1 commentsecoli
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RIC IV 124b CaracallaEmperor: Caracalla
Date: 201-206 AD
Type: AR Denarius
Weight: 3.28 grams
Obverse: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG; Bust of Caracalla, laureate, draped, right.
Reverse: CONCORDIA FELIX; Caracalla standing left, holding volumen, clasping right hands with Plautilla standing right.
References: RIC IV 124b; RSC 23a
Provenance: CNG Electronic Auction 514
2 commentsDavid Fischer
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Trajan: Augustus 98-117 AD Trajan ‘heroic bust’ AR Denarius
Denomination: AR Denarius
Year: Autumn 116-August 117 AD
Bust: Laureate ‘heroic’ bust right, wearing aegis, with bare chest showing
Obverse: IMP CAES NER TRAIAN OPTIM AVG GERM DAC
Reverse: PARTHICO P M TR P COS VI P P S P Q R
Type: Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopiae
Mint: Rome
Weight & Measures: 3.41g; 19mm
RIC: RIC 333
Provenance: Ex Michael Kelly Collection of Roman Silver Coins; Ex CNG, E-sale 99, Lot 623 (10/13/2004).

Translation: OB: Imperator Caesar Nerva Trajan Optimus Princeps Augustus, Germanicus, Dacicus; for Emperor Caesar Nerva Trajan, The most perfect prince, Augustus, Conquerer of the Germans and Daicians.
Translation: Rev: Parthicus, Pontifex Maximus, Tribunicia Potestate, Consul VI, Pater Patriae, Senatus Populusque Romanus; for Conquer of the Parthians, High Priest, Tribune of the Roman people, Consul for the 6th time, Father of his country, as recognized by the senate and the people of Rome.

Notes: Felicitas, Roman goddess of good luck.
1 commentsJustin L1
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EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera (20mm, 3.34 gm 2 h) Dated year 4 of an uncertain era
Bust of Horus right, wearing stylized pschent crown, being crowned by Victory flying left; LΔ (date) to lower right
Nilus recling left on crocodile, holding reeds and cornucopia, being crowned by Victory flying right
Milne 5415 corr. (date); Dattari (Savio) 11642; Köln –; CNG E-353, lot 370 (same dies)
Ardatirion
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"C" Denarius, Crawford 107/1a - My favorite CoinDenomination: Denarius
Era: c. 209-208 BC
Metal: AR
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma r. with splayed visor; “X” behind; Border of dots
Reverse: Dioscuri r.; Above, “C”; in linear frame, “ROMA”.
Mint: Etruia(?)
Weight: 4.44 gm.
Reference: Crawford 107/1a
Provenance: NAC 61; 25-OCT-2011, Privately purchased by RBW from CNG in 1989


Comments: This is one of my favorite coins. It is not high grade, neither the obverse nor the reverse is well centered. The dioscuri are really just blobs, and this coin would be overlooked in any sale but the NAC 61 sale of RBW’s finest and rarest coins, perhaps the greatest Roman Republican auction of our generation. Nevertheless, the coin has a lovely tone and a style that is very characteristic of this issue which is quite rare.

Unique to this variety and the related staff issue, are the braided locks extending from the helmet to the hair binding. The stars are simple dots above the dioscuri, and ROMA is cut into the die with very large letters with a very fine line tool. There has been much speculation on the significance of the “C” insignia, but few with any real merit.
1 comments
Galst_Skione_tags.jpg
"Plate Coin" from Galst's Ophthalmologia in Nummis & Marathaki's SkionePhoto Credit: CNG (for coin, edited)
GREEK (Archaic/Classical). Macedon, Skione AR Hemiobol (6mm, 0.34g, 1h), c. 5th century BCE.
Obv: Head of Protesilaos (?) right wearing taenia
Rev: Schematic human eye in incuse square. (Legend in incuse? Σ−K−I or var.?)
Ref: Marathaki (2014) No. 93 (E70/O67), p. 81, 284, Pl. 27, 57 (this coin illustrated; only spec. from this obv. die); Galst & van Alfen XIII.9 (this coin illustrated); HGC 3, 677 var. (no taenia).
Comparanda: Two examples of this (later?) style, otherwise unpublished: (1) BnF btv1b8590874v [LINK]; (2) Forum (Joe Sermarini, n.d.) GA73133 [LINK].
Provenance: Ex Collection of Dr. Jay M. Galst (1950-2020), w/ his tags, published in his 2013 book with Peter van Alfen, Ophthalmologia Optica et Visio in Nummis; CNG, Classical Numismatic Review vol. XXV [CNR 25] (Summer 2000), No. 22, published in Marathaki's 2014 History and Coinage of Ancient Skione in Chalcidice; CNG e-Auction 531.1 (25 Jan 2023), Lot 78.
Notes: A rarer variety of distinctly more Classical style, and depicting Protesilaos (?) wearing taenia. (Protesilaos was first to die, heroically, in the Trojan War. He fulfilled prophesy by leaping first onto the shores of Troy, knowing it meant he would be killed by Hector.) Prob. later than the usual Archaic style Hemiobol of this type. Possibly c. 423 BCE or later?
Coin-in-hand video & plate excerpt: [Imgur LINK]
1 commentsCurtis JJ
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(0193) DIDIUS JULIANUS193 AD
AE Sestertius, 26 mm; 15.36 g
O: Laureate head right
R: Fortuna standing left, holding rudder set on globe
Rome mint; RIC IV 15; Banti 5. Rare
ex CNG
laney
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(0217) DIADUMENIAN (as Caesar)217-218 AD (Marcus Claudius Agrippa, legatus consularis)
AE 27 mm; 12.64 g
O: K M OPEL ANTWNI DIADOVMENIANO - [C]
Bare head r.
R:.VP AGRIPPA NI - KOPOLITWN PRO / C ICTRW Coiled serpent, radiate and nimbate head right (Agathodaemon)
Moesia Inferior, Nicopolis ad Istrum
Varbanov 3659 var.; H&J Nikopolis 8.25.22.1
laney
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(0219) JULIA PAULA(0219) JULIA PAULA
First wife of Elagabalus
219-220 AD
AE 24 mm, 9.14 g
O: Bust right
R: Nike holding Kabeiros in right hand and palm branch in left hand
Thessalonika (Macedonia). cf CNG ANS 868, Touratsoglou 171-173 (rare)
laney
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*FAKE* Pegasos: Epirus, Ambrakia AR Stater, Unpublished die-combination(?) EDIT : NOW CONFIRMED MODERN FAKE

Greek (Classical). Epirus, Ambrakia. AR Stater (8.42g, 20mm). Mid-4th cent. BCE.
Obv: Peagasos flying right, A below. Rev: Head of Athena left, wearing crested helmet; spear to right.
Ref: Unpublished in Ravel Colts or refs consulted. Obv die: Ravel A58. Rev: Ravel P110.
Prov: Ex-VAuctions 353 / Pars Sale 9 (5 Oct 2020) Lot 31 (corr., Anaktorion?); VAuctions Pars Sale 6 (20 Apr 2020), Lot 56 (corr. same).
Notes: Struck with two later-state dies: The obv. was re-engraved after CNG 93, 217 was struck: [LINK-ACSearch]. The rev. die may be most interesting: Among various specimens, a die crack in the left field appears in multiple states. Here, it looks like a dolphin or hippocamp; comparing various coins, perhaps a die crack was quickly re-engraved to appear as field symbol (to stop it expanding?). One other example from both dies is listed in the Pars VCoins shop (item # PCW-G6511).
1 commentsCurtis JJ
Q_Nasidius.jpg
0001 Sextus Pompey, Imperator and Prefect of the Fleet [Youngest Son of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great)]Q. Nasidius for Sextus Pompey

Obv: NEPTVNI (open P) downward on the l., bareheaded portrait of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus facing r., trident with prongs pointing upward on the r., dolphin facing r. below neck, banker's mark to r. of bottom of neck. Border of dots.
Rev: Q. NASIDIVS below galley moving r. with billowing sail and bank of rowers, steersman on l. facing r. on stern with star above, pilot on r. facing r. standing on prow. Border of dots.
Denomination: silver denarius; Mint: Sicily, uncertain location1; Date 42 BC2; Weight: 3.87g; Diameter: 19mm: Die axis: 150º; References, for example: Cohen 15; Babelon Nasidia 1 and Pompeia 28; BMCRR v. II Sicily 21; Crawford RRC 483/2; Sydenham 1350; CRI 235.

Notes:

Q. Nasidius, a naval commander under Pompey the Great, eventually wound up in the services of Sextus. See Grueber BMCRR v. II Sicily p. 564 and Sear CRI pp. 139 - 140.

1Sydenham, Crawford RRC, and Estiot (2006) place the minting of this coin type in Sicily, but without referencing a location. Grueber BMCRR v. II Sicily also places the minting of this coin in Sicily and hesitatingly suggests the city of Catana. By his own admission "...this attribution is quite conjectural" (p. 557). Sear CRI, however, argues for a completely different location. On the basis of the naval theme and the absence of the title PRAEF⦁ORAE⦁MARIT⦁ET⦁CLAS⦁S⦁C, which for him pushes the date of minting to a time prior to April of 43 BC, Sear posits the minting of this coin to Sextus' time at the port of Massilia in southern Gaul.
2This is the date argued for in Estiot (2006) (p. 145), "...possibly around the time just before the beginning of the issue of Sextus Pompieus" imp. iter. praef. clas. et orae marit ex S C. coinage" [translation my own]. Grueber BMCRR v. II Sicily proposes 38 - 36 BC with Sydenham and DeRose Evans (1987) following suit. Crawford RRC suggests 44 - 43 BC.

Provenance: Ex CNG Auction 114 May 13, 2020 Lot 646; From the B. G. Collection, Ex CNG Auction 108 May 16, 2018 Lot 526.

Photo Credits: CNG

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4 commentsTracy Aiello
Khusro_II_WYHC.jpg
0003 Sasanian Empire Khusro II -- Year 35 -- CtesiphonObv: Pahlavi script legend: to the l. on two lines reading down leftward and outward (with the first word extending through the inner rim) is GDH/'pzwt (xwarrah abzūd) and to the r. on one line reading down is hwslwd (Husraw) = Khusro has increased the royal glory; frontal bust facing r. of bearded Khusro II with a hair globe drawn to the back of the neck, crown with three merlons and attached to the top of the crown cap are wings (lines within the base, wings open) with an attached crescent and star, double pearl diadem with three ribbons behind, earring made up of three dots, neckline edged with a row of pearls, both shoulders decorated with a crescent and star, double row of pearls from shoulders to breast, two dots on the breast, star in upper l. field and star and crescent in upper r. field both extending through the inner rim, two dotted rims with a star on a crescent at 3h, 6h, and 9h.
Rev: Pahlavi script legend: to the l. reading down is year pncsyh of Khusro II's reign and to the r. reading down is the mint mark WYHC = year 35 of Khusro II's reign, Ctesiphon; fire altar with a base consisting of two slabs and a shaft with two ribbons pointing upwards to the r. and l. of the shaft with four altar slabs on top and flames consisting of four tiers rendered as four then three then two then one upward stroke, star to the l. and crescent to the r. of the top two tiers, to the l. and r. of the altar are two frontal facing attendants each holding a sword pointing downwards with the r. hand over the l. hand and wearing a crescent cap, three dotted rims with a star on a crescent at 3h, 6h, 9h, and 12h.
Denomination: silver drachm; Mint: Ctesiphon;1 Date: year 35, 624 - 625 AD; Weight: 4.11g; Diameter: 32.6mm; Die axis: 90º; References, for example: Göbl II/3.

Notes:

1See Schindel (2005) pp. 296 - 299 for an argument identifying the Pahlavi mint signature WYHC with Ctesipon.

See Daryaee (1997) for an interesting study of the religious and political iconography on the coinage of Khusro II*. He argues that Khusro II implemented iconographic changes in regnal year 2 (591 - 592 AD) as a direct result of suppressing the rebellion (with the assistance of the Byzantine Emperor Maurice) of the brilliant general Wahrām Chōbēn (Wahrām VI) in 591 AD. Further iconographic changes were carried out in regnal year 11 (600 - 601 AD) in response to the final defeat in 600 AD of the 10 year rule/rebellion of Wistahm**, his uncle (as the brother-in-law of his father Ohrmazd IV) and former staunch supporter.

*The study cannot be intended to be complete. For example, there is no discussion of the legend 'pd that appeared, beginning in the 12th regnal year but not present for all subsequent years or at all mints, in the second quadrant outside of the rims on the obverse. Gariboldi 2010 (p.64) translates the legend as "good", "excellent", "wonderful" while Göbl 1983 (p. 331) translates it as "praise".

**There is some debate about when Wistahm was finally eliminated. Daryaee, following Paruck 1924, relies on (purported?) numismatic evidence that the last coin minted in his name was for year 10. Therefore Daryaee states that 600 AD was the year of elimination (Daryaee 1997, p. 53 n. 38. Also see Daryaee 2009, p. 33 n. 166 for a slightly more tepid assertion). Frye 1984 implies a 10 year rule for Wistahm, stating that "it was not until 601 that the rule of Chosroes [Khusro] was restored over all of the empire..." (p. 336). Göbl SN, however, states that 10 years of reign are said to be represented, although personally he had only seen coins of years 2 through 7 (p. 53). Thus Wistahm's years in SN's Table XI are listed as "591/2 - 597?" Malek 1993 also lists Wistahm's years as 591/2 - 97 (p. 237).

Provenance: Ex Forum Ancient Coins June 8, 2018, from the Jyrki Muona Collection; Ex CNG e-auction 59 (26 Feb 2003), lot 77; Ex CNG e-auction 57 (4 Apr 2001), lot 47.

Photo Credit: Forum Ancient Coins

Sources

Daryaee, Touraj. "The Use of Religio-Political Propaganda on Coins of Xusrō II." The Journal of the American Numismatics (1989-), vol. 9 (1997): 41-53.
Daryaee, Touraj. Sasanian Persia: The Rise And Fall Of An Empire. London: I. B. Tauris, 2009.
Frye, Richard. The History of Ancient Iran. Munich: C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1984.
Gariboldi, Andrea. Sasanian Coinage and History: The Civic Numismatic Collection of Milan. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, 2010.
Göbl, Robert. Sasanian Numismatics. Braunschweig: Klinkhardt and Biermann, 1971.
Göbl 1983: Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 3 (1), The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983: 322 - 336.
Malek, Hodge. "A Survey of Research on Sasanian Numismatics." The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), vol. 153 (1993): 227 - 269.
Paruck, F.D.J. Sasanian Coins. Bombay: 1924.
Schindel, Nickolaus. "Sasanian Mint Abbreviations: The Evidence of Style." The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), vol. 165 (2005): 287 - 299.
2 commentsTracy Aiello
Larissa_Obol_Horse_R_Larissa_L_on_Hydra.jpg
0005 Horse Prancing Right, Larissa Seated Left on HydriaThessaly Greece, the City of Larissa

Obv: Ο𐌔 above, horse prancing r. on groundline. All within a border of dots.
Rev: ΛA above and l., PI𐌔A in front and down (retrograde), Larissa seated l. on overturned hydria with its mouth to the r. and one side handle facing viewer, l. hand on l. knee and r. hand extended, having kicked the ball to l. on ground.1 All within incuse square.
Denomination: silver obol; Mint: Larissa; Date: c. 460 - 400 BC2; ; Weight: .93g; Diameter: 12mm: Die axis: 90º; References, for example: Imhoof-Blummer p. 72, 200, pl. V, 30; Herrmann Group III F/G, IIIβ Obolen Reverse VII, pl. III, 11; SNG Cop 115; Liampi 1992, 8; SNG München 59; BCD Thessaly I 1115; BCD Thessaly II 164 and 363.1; HGC 4, 491.

Notes:
1Imhoof-Blumer and Herrmann both state that Larissa is binding her sandal while Liampi 1992 notes that she is either binding or loosening her sandal. There is no mention of kicking the ball. In my description I follow BCD Thessaly I, II, and HGC because I assume that Larissa would use two hands instead of one if she were either tightening or loosening her sandal.
2This date range encompases the dates expressed in my listed references.

Provenance: Ex. CNG Triton XXV January 11 - 12, 2022 Lot 177.

Photo Credits: CNG

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4 commentsTracy Aiello
CNG_Bull_Wrest_HCN_416.jpg
0008 Thessalos Wrestling Bull Left, Horse Prancing RightThessaly Greece, the City of Larissa

Obv: The hero Thessalos1 to l. naked, except for chlamys and petasos both attached to his neck by a cord and flying in the air, wrestling a bull charging l., plant to l. and below between Thessalos' legs, [TO in exergue?]. All within a border of dots.
Rev: ΛΑ above, ΡΙΣΑ below (retrograde), bridled horse prancing r. with loose rein. All within incuse square.
Denomination: silver drachm; Mint: Larissa; Date: c. 440 - 420 BC2; Weight: 5.47g; Diameter: 19.5mm: Die axis: 90º; References, for example: Weber 2834 var. no mention of plant between legs or TO in obv. exergue; Herrmann Group III Series C pl. II, 1; BCD Thessaly I 1123 var. reverse legend; BCD Thessaly II 366.1; HGC 4, 416 var. no mention of plant between legs.

Notes:
1Considered the ancestor of all Thessalians. The figure is also sometimes considered to be Jason (of Jason and the Argonauts), who according to one tradition was the father of Thessalos (HGC 4, p. 132).
2This is the date given in HGC 4. According to Lorber 2008 this coin should be placed in the revived bull wrestling drachm coinage, beginning c. 450 - 440 BC.

Provenance: Ex CNG Electronic Auction 465 Lot 74 April 8, 2020 (from the Frank M. Martin collection)

Photo Credits: CNG

CLICK FOR SOURCES
2 commentsTracy Aiello
Larissa_Obol_Horse_Prance_L_Larissa_R_w_Wreath___Ball.jpg
00092 Horse Prancing Left, Larissa Right with Wreath and BallThessaly Greece, the City of Larissa


Obv: Horse prancing l. on ground line. ΟΣ above with the Σ reversed. All within border of dots.
Rev: Larissa standing on ground line facing the viewer, head turned l. [viewer’s .r], wreath in raised l. hand and ball in lowered r. hand. On r. ΛΑ upwards, on l. ΡΙΣΑ downwards and retrograde. All within incuse square.
Denomination: silver obol; Mint: Larissa; Date: 420 - 400 BC1; Weight: .98g; Diameter: 12mm: Die axis: 330º; References, for example: Imhoof-Blummer p. 71, 193/pl. V, 25; Herrmann Group III Small Denominations under E, III 𝛂 Obols rev. II, pl. II, 20; BCD Thessaly II 364.3; HCG 495.

Notes:
1This is the date given in HGC 4.

Provenance: Ex. Numismatica Ars Classica Auction 123 May 9, 2021; Ex CNG e-sale 252, March 23, 2011 lot 46.

Photo Credits: Numismatica Ars Classica

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5 commentsTracy Aiello
Larissa_Drachm_Larissa_L_Horse_Prance_R.jpg
00098 Larissa Profile Left, Horse Prancing RightThessaly Greece, the City of Larissa

Obv: [ΛAPlΣA in small letters l. and up], head of Larissa facing l., hair bound at top of head, triple drop earring, pearl necklace. All within a border of dots.
Rev: Bridled horse with tail in an upright curl prancing r. on ground line, ΛAP above, I in front of horse’s head, ΣAI down and in front, ΩN up and behind.
Denomination: silver drachm; Mint: Larissa; Date: c. 370 - 360 BC1; Weight: 5.78g; Diameter: 19mm: Die axis: 330º; References, for example: Hermann Group V, pl. IV, 16; Liampi 1992, 25; Lorber 2008, pl. 45, 100; BCD Thessaly I 1133; BCD Thessaly II 183; HGC 4, 448.

Notes:
1This date range fits within BCD Thessaly I and II, Lorber 2008, and HGC 4.

Despite the absence of ΛAPlΣA in tiny letters in front of Larissa’s head (with 25x magnification I can detect what are perhaps very, very faint indications of parts of the legend), the shape of the mouth, the chin, and the stray lock of hair in front of Larissa’s forehead lead me to determine that this is an example of BCD Thessaly I 1133 and II 183 and not 1134 and 184 respectively. Thus, this is an example of, per BCD Thessaly I and Lorber 2008, Larissa’s profile in the style of Euainetos at Syracuse.

Provenance: Ex. CNG Electronic Auction 505 December 1, 2021 Lot 124, from the Sigmund collection.

Photo Credits: CNG

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4 commentsTracy Aiello
Larissa_Drachm_Bull_Leaping_Rev_Rider.jpg
000981 Bull Leaping Right, Horse and Rider Galloping RightThessaly Greece, the City of Larissa

Obv: ΛΑΡΙΣΑΙON above, bull leaping r., horizontal groundline. All within a border of dots.
Rev: Thessalian horseman (Thessalos?) wearing a tunic, petasos, and a chlamys fluttering to the l., holding a goad in his r. hand on a horse galloping r.
Denomination: silver drachm; Mint: Larissa; Date: c. 370 - 356 BC; Weight: 6.05g; Diameter: 20mm: Die axis: 0º; References, for example: BMC Thessaly p. 29 no. 54, pl. V, 13 var. Ω instead of O in legend; Pozzi 1229; Weber 2856, p. 110 var. Ω instead of O in legend; Hermann Group VI, pl. IV, 17 and 18 var. Ω instead of O in legend; McClean 4610, pl. on p. 173, 6; Traité IV 698, pl. CCXCVIII, 9; SNG Lockett 1566, var. Ω instead of O in legend; SNG Cop 118; SNG Ashmolean 3871; Lorber 2008, pl. 46, 101; BCD Thessaly I 1136; BCD Thessaly II 186 var. Ω instead of O in legend; HGC 4, 449.

Provenance: Ex. CNG Feature Auction 121 October 6, 2022, Lot 234, from the Weise Collection; Ex. Daniel Koppersmith Collection CNG Triton XVII January 7, 2014, Lot 195; Ex. BCD Collection Classical Numismatic Group Auction 90 May 23, 2012, Lot 94; Ex. Leu 30 April 28, 1982, Lot 100.

Photo Credits: Classical Numismatic Group, LLC.

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9 commentsTracy Aiello
145234.jpg
001. Julius CaesarJulius Caesar. 49-48 BC. AR Denarius (18mm, 3.60 g). Military mint traveling with Caesar. Elephant walking right, trampling on serpent / Simpulum, sprinkler, axe (surmounted by a wolf’s head), and priest’s hat. Crawford 443/1; CRI 9; Sydenham 1006; RSC 49. VF, toned
Ex-Cng
4 commentsecoli
105141.jpg
001. MARK ANTONYJULIUS CAESAR and MARK ANTONY. 43 BC.

Hardly any of his assassins survived Caesar for more than three years, or died a natural death. They were all condemned, and they perished in various ways---some by shipwreck, some in battle; some took their own lives with the self-same dagger with which they had impiously slain Caesar.

Fourré Denarius (19mm, 3.63 gm).

Obv: Bare head of Mark Antony right; lituus behind
Rev: Laureate head of Julius Caesar right, jug behind.
Ref: Crawford 488/1; CRI 118; Sydenham 1165; RSC 2. Near VF, porous, several large breaks in plating revealing the copper core.
Source: Ex Classical Numismatic Group 55 (13 September 2000), lot 1087.
Ex CNG Electronic Auction 105 lot 141 229/150
BFBV

I don't usually buy fourres; but in reality, I have no chance of owning this popular type given my budget.
1 commentsecoli
0013.jpg
0013 - Denarius Domitian 81 ACObv/IMP CAES DOMITIANVS AVG PM, Domitian laureate head r.
Rev/TR P COS VII DES VIII PP, throne with semicircular back, covered.

Ag, 17.7mm, 3.40g
Mint: Rome.
RIC IIa/67 [R] - RIC II/17 - BMCRE 17 - RSC 573
ex-Ancient Numismatic Enterprise (vcoins)
ex-CNG
dafnis
0018.jpg
0018 - Denarius Thoria 105 BCObv/ISMR, head of Juno Sospita r. in goat skin.
Rev/Bull charging r., C above, THORIVS below, BALBVS in ex.

Ag, 20.0mm, 3.93g
Moneyer: L. Thorius Balbus.
Mint: Gallia Cisalpina.
RRC 316/1 [dies o/r: 450/562] - Syd. 598 - BMCRR 1615 - Calicó 1300 - Cohen Thoria 1 - RCV 192 - RSC Thoria 1
ex-CNG
1 commentsdafnis
0019.jpg
0019 - Denarius Herennia 108-7 BCObv/PIETAS, laureate head of Pietas r., control letter below chin.
Rev/M • HERENNI, Amphinomus carrying his father r.

Ag, 18.8mm, 3.88g
Moneyer: M. Herennius.
Mint: South Italiy (Reggio?)
RRC 308/1a [dies o/r: 120/(150)] - Syd. 567 - BMCRR 1231 - Calicó 615 - Cohen Herennia 1 - RCV 185 - RSC Herennia 1
ex-CNG
1 commentsdafnis
2160368.jpg
001a. Cleopatra VII and Mark AntonySYRIA, Coele-Syria. Chalcis ad Libanum. Mark Antony, with Cleopatra VII. 36-31 BC. Æ 19mm (5.45 g, 12h). Dated RY 21 (Egyptian) and 6 (Phoenician) of Cleopatra (32/1 BC). Draped bust of Cleopatra right, wearing stephane / Bare head of Mark Antony right; dates in legend. RPC I 4771; Rouvier 440 (Berytus); SNG München 1006; SNG Copenhagen 383 (Phoenicia). Near Fine, green patina.

Chalcis was given by Antony to Cleopatra in 36 BC. At the culmination of his spectacular triumph at Alexandria two years later, further eastern territories - some belonging to Rome - were bestowed on the children of the newly hailed “Queen of Kings” (referred to as the “Donations of Alexandria”). Shortly after, Antony formally divorced Octavia, the sister of Octavian. These actions fueled Octavian’s propagandistic efforts to win the support of Rome’s political elite and ultimately led to the Senate’s declaration of war on Cleopatra in 32 BC.

Ex-CNG
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001d. Pompey JuniorCnaeus Pompey Jr. Elder son of Pompey. After battle of Pharsalus, he joined the remnants of the Pompeian faction in continuing to fight Caesar. Executed in 45 BC after losing battle of Munda.

Coin: Denarius. 20mm, 3.70 g. Corduba mint, Summer 46-Spring 45 BC. Marcus Poblicius, legatus pro praetore. Obv: M POBLICI LEG PRO, behind, P R. Helmeted head of Roma right within bead and reel border. Rev: CN MAGNVS IMP. Hispania standing right, shield on her back, holding two spears over shoulder and presenting palm frond to Pompeian soldier standing left on prow, armed with sword. Crawford 469/1a; CRI 48; Sydenham 1035; RSC 1 (Pompey the Great). From the Peter J. Merani Collection. CNG Auction 490, Lot 159.
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001d1. Pompey Jr.Cnaeus Pompey Jr.
Denarius. 20mm, 3.70 g. Corduba mint, Summer 46-Spring 45 BC.
Marcus Poblicius, legatus pro praetore. Obv: M POBLICI LEG PRO, behind, P R. Helmeted head of Roma right within bead and reel border. Rev: CN MAGNVS IMP. Hispania standing right, shield on her back, holding two spears over shoulder and presenting palm frond to Pompeian soldier standing left on prow, armed with sword. Crawford 469/1a; CRI 48; Sydenham 1035; RSC 1 (Pompey the Great). From the Peter J. Merani Collection. CNG Auction 490, Lot 159.

NOTE: Elder son of Pompey. Executed in 45 BC after losing battle of Munda.
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001j. Octavian001j. Octavian
Great-nephew of Julius Caesar, who named him as heir in his will. Octavian used this de facto legitimacy to maneuver for power. In 43 BC he, Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidus formed the Second Triumvirate to defeat the assassins of Caesar. The Triumvirate began proscriptions in which over 2,000 (mostly wealthy) Romans were branded as traitors, deprived of their property, and either executed or driven into exile. This served both to eliminate enemies, and to fill the coffers of the three. Following their victory at the Battle of Philippi (42 BC), the Triumvirate divided the Roman Republic among themselves and ruled as de facto dictators. The Triumvirate collapsed, and Octavian and Antony eventually fell into all-out war. Primarily due to the military leadership of Agrippa, Octavian won the war, with the decisive victory at Actium in 31 BC. Although Octavian made displays of personal bravery on several occasions, he demonstrated little aptitude for generalship. Octavian then consolidated his power in Rome. A note on naming: he was born Gaius Octavius; after Julius Caesar's death, Octavian insisted on being called Caesar. It was primarily his opponents who continued to call him Octavian. It is now primarily a matter of convenience to use the name Octavian for him in the pre-Augustus period prior to 27 BC.

Coin: Summer 37 BC. AR Denarius (18.5mm, 3.68 g, 12h). Mint in southern or central Italy. Bare head right, wearing beard / Emblems of the augurate and pontificate: simpulum, aspergillum, guttus, and lituus. Crawford 538/1; CRI 312; Sydenham 1334; RSC 91; RBW 1826. From the Kalevala Collection. Ex Bacchus Collection (Heritage 61175, 25 October 2020), lot 97135. CNG Triton XXVII – Session 5, Lot 5665 (17 Jan 2024)
1 commentslawrence c
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001j4. Octavian & ZenodorusSYRIA, Chalcis ad Belum. AE21mm, 6.40 g. Dated CY 282 (31/30 BC). ΝΕ L, Bare head of Octavian right; BΠΣ (date) in right field /ΖΗΝΟΔΩΡΟΥ ΤΕΤΡΑΡΧΕΙ ΚΑΙ ΑΡΧΗΡΕΩΣ Bare head of Zenodorus (tetrarch and archereus) left. RPC I 4774. CNG Auc 555, Lot 398.

Note: In 36 BC, Mark Antony removed the rulers of Chalcis and gave it to Cleopatra. After the battle of Actium, Octavian restored the tetrarchs to power. In 23 B.C., Augustus deposed Zenodorus and gave his lands to Herod the Great. Afterward Herod's death, Chalcis was returned to putative local rule before finally becoming fully part of the Roman Province of Syria in 92 AD.
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001k4. Mark AntonyMark Antony. Autumn 32-spring 31 BC. AR Denarius (17mm, 3.55 g, 4h). Legionary type. Patrae(?) mint. Praetorian galley right; ANT AVG above, III VIR • R • P • C below / Three signa decorated with wreaths and rostra; CHORTIS • SPECVLATORVM above. Crawford 544/12; CRI 386; Sydenham 1214; RSC 6; BMCRR East 185; Kestner 3841; RBW 1837. Ex Tom McKenna FPL 1-10 (October 1981), no. 30. CNG Triton XXVII (9 January 2024), Lot 644. The cohortes speculatorum served as spies, scouts, and messengers, along with providing personal security for Mark Antony.
2 commentslawrence c
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001l. LepidusMarcus Aemilius Lepidus. Third member of the Triumvirate. A strong supporter of Julius Caesar. After Caesar's death, he was appointed as pontifex maximus. He played very much a subsidiary role in the Triumvirate and was of minimal impact in the struggle between Octavian and Mark Antony. After Octavian won the war, he stripped Lepidus of all his positions except pontifex maximus and put Lepidus in a rather loose exile. He died in 13 or 12 BC.

Coin: November-December 43 BC. AR Denarius (19mm, 3.70 g, 5h). Military mint traveling with Lepidus in Italy. LEPIDVS•PONT•MAX•III•VIR•R•P•C• Bare head of Lepidus right / CAESAR•IMP•III•VIR•R•P•C•, Bare head of Octavian right. Crawford 495/2a; CRI 140; Sydenham 1323; RSC 2a; RBW 1752. CNG Auction 524 Lot 452, 28 Sep 2022.
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001l1. LepidusNovember-December 43 BC. AR Denarius (19mm, 3.70 g, 5h). Military mint traveling with Lepidus in Italy. LEPIDVS•PONT•MAX•III•VIR•R•P•C• Bare head of Lepidus right / CAESAR•IMP•III•VIR•R•P•C•, Bare head of Octavian right. Crawford 495/2a; CRI 140; Sydenham 1323; RSC 2a; RBW 1752. CNG Auction 524 Lot 452, 28 Sep 2022.1 commentslawrence c
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001l3. LepidusM. Aemilius Lepidus. GAUL, Cabellio. 44-42 BC. AR Obol (10mm, 0.39 g, 10h). Head of Apollo right / Cornucopia within myrtle wreath. RPC I 528; Chabouillet 2544-9; SNG Copenhagen 684. CNG Auction 553, Lot 255.lawrence c
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001s. Q. Caecilius BassusSELEUCIS and PIERIA, Antioch. Q. Caecilius Bassus. Proconsul, 46-44 BC. AR Tetradrachm (25mm, 14.85 g, 12h). In the name and types of the Seleucid king Philip I Philadelphus. Dated year 4 of the Caesarean Era (46/5 BC). Diademed head of Philip I right within fillet border / Zeus Nicephorus seated left; monogram to inner left, ∆ (date) and thunderbolt in exergue; all within wreath. McAlee 5a; RPC I 4128; SC 2491.2; Prieur 5; HGC 9, 1360b. CNG Auc 534 (15 March 2023), Lot 393.

Quintus Caecilius Bassus was governor of Syria. Bassus, a supporter of Pompey, had led an insurrection against Sextus, cousin of Julius Caesar and governor of Syria from 47-46 BC. He gained the loyalty of two mutinous legions, and fought off Caesarian attacks for about two years, even calling on the Parthians for assistance (Dio 27.5). After Caesar’s death, his troops defected to Cassius, but Bassus’ fate is unknown.
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002c. Gaius and Lucius CaesarsJulia, daughter of Augustus, who has had no child by Marcellus (she is only sixteen when he dies), is married to Agrippa, a soldier who has long been the emperor's most trusted supporter. They have two sons, Gaius and Lucius, born in 20 and 17 BC. The boys are adopted by the emperor. The intention now, if Augustus dies, is that Agrippa should rule until one of these grandsons is of an age to take control. But Agrippa dies in 12 BC.

Julia has had a total of five children by Agrippa (the two sons adopted by the emperor, two daughters, and another posthumous son, Agrippa Posthumus). She now has one son by Tiberius, but the child dies in infancy.

By 6 BC it is evident that Tiberius is being set aside. Julia refuses to live with him, and her eldest son Gaius (at the age of fourteen) is given a nominal high appointment as consul. Gaius and Lucius Caesar, grandsons and adopted sons of the emperor, are now clearly the family members in line for the succession. But they die young, Lucius Caesar in AD 2 and then Gaius in AD 4.

LYDIA, Magnesia ad Sipylum. Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. Æ 19mm (4.93 g). Jugate heads of Augustus and Livia right / Confronted heads of Gaius and Lucius Caesars. RPC 2449. Fair. Rare. Ex-Cng
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002_Augustus_Thessaly,_Koinon-AE-21_RPC_I_1425,_Q-001_11h_21-21,5mm_6,75g-s.jpg
002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Achaea, Thessaly, Koinon of Thessaly, RPC I 1425, AE-21, (Æ Diassarion?), AR/Δ//--, ΣΩΣANΔPOΣ ΣΩΣANΔPOY, Athena Itonia standing left, #1002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Achaea, Thessaly, Koinon of Thessaly, RPC I 1425, AE-21, (Æ Diassarion?), AR/Δ//--, ΣΩΣANΔPOΣ ΣΩΣANΔPOY, Athena Itonia standing left, #1
avers: ΘEΣΣAΛΩN ΣEBAΣTOΣ, bare head of Augustus right.
reverse: ΣΩΣANΔPOΣ ΣΩΣANΔPOY, Athena Itonia standing left, holding Nike and shield set on the ground; spear to left, AR monogram and Δ in fields.
exergue: AR/Δ//--, diameter: 21,0-21,5 mm, weight: 6,75g, axis: 11h,
mint: City: Koinon of Thessaly, Region: Thessaly, Province: Achaea,
Magistrate: Sosandros Sosandrou (without title), Sosandros, son of Sosandros,
date: 27 B.C.-14 A.D.,
ref:
RPC I 1425,
Burrer Em. 1a, Series 1, 2.1 (A1/R2 – this coin, obv. and rev. illustrated on pl. 1),
BCD Thessaly II 914.1 var. (rev. legend; same obv. die),
CNG: eAuction 299. lot 2.,
McClean 4994,
Leake 4898,
Rogers 69,
Q-001
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004. Caligula GAIUS (CALIGULA). 37-41 AD.

Whatever damage Tiberius's later years had done to the carefully crafted political edifice created by Augustus, Gaius multiplied it a hundredfold. When he came to power in A.D. 37 Gaius had no administrative experience beyond his honorary quaestorship, and had spent an unhappy early life far from the public eye. He appears, once in power, to have realized the boundless scope of his authority and acted accordingly. His reign highlighted an inherent weakness in the Augustan Principate, raw monarchy in which only the self-discipline of the incumbent acted as a restraint on his behavior.

Æ As (28mm, 10.19 gm). Rome mint. Struck 37-38 AD. Bare head left / Vesta seated left, holding patera and sceptre. RIC I 38; Cohen 27. Near VF, dark brown surfaces. Ex-CNG
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004b. Agrippina SeniorAgrippina Senior. Died AD 33. Æ Sestertius (34mm, 24.10 g, 6h). Rome mint. Struck under Gaius (Caligula), AD 40-41. Draped bust right / Carpentum drawn left by two mules. RIC I 55 (Gaius); Trillmich Group I. Good Fine, dark gray-brown patina, rough surfaces.

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From the Ronald J. Hansen Collection. Ex Noble 79 (26 July 2005), lot 3590.

Ex-CNG printed sale 94 320/300
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004c. Drusilla & Other SistersDrusilla was the sister of Caligula, with whom he was reported to have an incestuous relationship. She has some solo portraits on provincial coins. His other two sisters, Agrippina the Younger and Julia, were on coins as part of the trio of sisters. For a portrait coin of Agrippina, see 005c.

Coin: Gaius (Caligula). Æ Sestertius (33.5mm, 23.85 g, 7h). Rome mint. Struck AD 37-38. C CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS PON M TR POT, Laureate head left / AGRIPPINA DRVSILLA IVLIA Gaius' three sisters standing facing: Agrippina (as Securitas) leaning on column, holding cornucopia, and placing hand on Drusilla (as Concordia), holding patera and cornucopia; on right, Julia (as Fortuna) holding rudder and cornucopia. RIC I 33. Portrait defaced in antiquity. CNG Auction 553, Lot 463.
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005. CLAUDIUS 41 AD - 54 ADCLAUDIUS. 41-54 AD.

I, Claudius was a very sympathetic treatment of Claudius; nevertheless, along with Claudius the God, those books hold a special place in my library. Without those books, I would not have taken an interest in the classics in high school, and subsequently, ancient coins. Certainly Claudius was not a saint; nor good as we define a person now; but given the circumstances and the unlimited power he weld, few of us could have done it better.

Æ As (9.50 gm). Bare head left / Libertas standing right, holding pileus. RIC I 113; BMCRE 202; Cohen 47. Ex-CNG
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005a. AntoniaAntonia

she exposed a plot between her daughter Livilla and Sejanus, Tiberius's Praetorian Prefect. This led to Sejanus's downfall and to the death of Livilla. Claudius, her biggest disappointment (she once called him a "monster") was the only one of her children to survive her.

She committed suicide in 37 AD on Caligula's orders after expressing unhappiness over the murder of her youngest grandson, Tiberius Gemellus. There is a passage in Suetonius's "Life of Gaius" that mentions how Caligula may have given her poison himself. Renowned for her beauty and virtue, Antonia spent her long life revered by the Roman people and enjoyed many honors conferred upon her by her relatives.

Æ Dupondius (10.61 gm). Struck by Claudius. Draped bust right / Claudius standing left, holding simpulum. RIC I 92 (Claudius); BMCRE 166 (same); Cohen 6. Ex-CNG

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005d. Nero Claudius DrususNero Claudius Drusus. Died 9 BC. Æ Sestertius (35mm, 27.77 g, 6h). Rome mint. Struck under Claudius, circa AD 50-54. Bare head of Nero Claudius left / Claudius seated left on curule chair, holding branch and roll; around chair, weapons and armor to either side of globe. RIC I 109 (Claudius). Fine, rough reddish-brown surfaces.

Ex-CNG sale 209, lot 325 128/100

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006a. ClaudiaEGYPT, Alexandria. Nero, with Claudia. AD 54-68. BI Tetradrachm (22mm, 10.74 g, 12h). Dated RY 3 (AD 56/57). Laureate head of Nero right / Draped bust of Claudia Octavia right; L Γ (date) below chin. Köln 122-4; Dattari (Savio) 190; K&G 14.7; RPC I 5202; Emmett 127.3. Near VF. Ex - CNG

Furthermore, the carefully contrived marriage between Octavia and Nero was a disaster on a personal level. Nero soon embarked on a serious relationship with a freedman named Acte, and more importantly developed an active dislike for his wife. "Quickly feeling aversion to intimacy with Octavia, he replied to his friends who were finding fault with him that she ought to be satisfied with the outward trappings of a wife." This antipthy was not likely to produce offspring who would unite the Julian and Claudian lines. By 58 Nero was becoming involved with a freeborn mistress, Poppaea, whom he would want to make his empress in exchange for Octavia. But the legitimacy of his principate derived from his relationship with his predecessor, and he was not so secure that he could do without the connection with Claudius provided through his mother and his wife. In 59 he was able to arrange for Agrippina's death, but it was not until 62 that he felt free to divorce Octavia and marry Poppaea. The initial grounds for putting Octavia aside was the charge that she was barren because she had had no children. But a more aggressive attack was needed when opposition arose from those who still challenged Nero's prncipate and remained loyal to Octavia as the last representative of her family. With the connivance of Poppaea, charges of adultery were added, Octavia was banished to Campania and then to the island of Pandataria off the coast, and finally killed. Her severed head was sent to Rome.
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006b. Claudia Aug.JUDAEA, Caesaraea Panias. Diva Poppaea and Diva Claudia. Died AD 65 and AD 63, respectively. Æ 20mm (6.00 g, 12h). Struck AD 65-68. Statue of Diva Poppaea seated left within distyle temple / Statue of Diva Claudia standing left within hexastyle temple. RPC I 4846; Meshorer, Caesarea, Pl. 7, H; SNG ANS 858; Hendin 578. Fine, dark green patina under light earthen deposits.

Ex-CNG
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007 Olof SkötkonungSwedish penny, time of Olof Skötkonung 995-1022
Mint: Sigtuna
Malmer chain 11, dies 417/4.728
Blundered legends

Ex- Wolfshead Gallery, CNG 115 (lot 959), CNG eAuction 463 (lot 570)
St. George's Collection
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007. Galba (68 AD - 69 AD)GALBA. 68-69 AD.

Galba had displayed talent and ambition during his lengthy career. He enjoyed distinguished ancestry, moved easily among the Julio-Claudian emperors (with the exception of Nero towards the end of his principate), and had been awarded the highest military and religious honors of ancient Rome. His qualifications for the principate cannot be questioned. Even so, history has been unkind to him. Tacitus characterized Galba as "weak and old," a man "equal to the imperial office, if he had never held it." To be sure, Galba's greatest mistake lay in his general handling of the military. His treatment of the army in Upper Germany was heedless, his policy towards the praetorians short sighted. Given the climate in 68-69, Galba was unrealistic in expecting disciplina without paying the promised rewards.

AR Denarius (18mm, 2.97 gm). Rome mint. Bare head right / Legend in three lines within oak wreath. RIC I 167; RSC 287. Ex-CNG
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008. Otho 69 ADOTHO. 69 AD.

Otho remains an enigma - part profligate Neronian wastrel and part conscientious military commander willing to give his life for the good of the state. Our sources are at a loss to explain the paradox. Neither Otho's person nor his bearing suggested such great courage. He is said to have been of moderate height, splay-footed and bandy-legged, but almost feminine in his care of his person. He had the hair of his body plucked out, and because of the thinness of his locks wore a wig so carefully fashioned and fitted to his head, that no one suspected it. Moreover, they say that he used to shave every day and smear his face with moist bread, beginning the practice with the appearance of the first down, so as never to have a beard; also that he used to celebrate the rites of Isis publicly in the linen garment prescribed by the cult.

AR Denarius (18mm, 3.20 gm). Bare head left / Securitas standing left, holding wreath and sceptre. RIC I 12; RSC 19. Fine. Ex-CNG
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0087 - Denarius Aemilia/Plautia 58 BCObv/ M SCAVR / AED CVR Kneeling figure r., holding olive branch and reins of camel standing beside him; on either side, EX – S·C. In exergue, REX ARETAS.
Rev/ P HVPSAE / AED CVR Jupiter in quadriga l. holding reins in l. hand and hurling thunderbolt with r.; behind, CAPTV. Below, C HVPSAE COS / PREIVE.

Ag, 18.6 mm, 3.96 g
Moneyers: M. Aemilius Scaurus, P. Plautius Hypsaeus
Mint: Rome.
RRC 422/1b [dies o/r: 336/373] - Bab. Aemilia , Plautia 10 - Syd. 912
ex-CNG Coins, auction e-248, lot 350
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009. Vitellius 69 ADVITELLIUS. 69 AD.

Without doubt, the most fortuitous moment in Vitellius' political career was his appointment as governor of Lower Germany by the emperor Galba late in 68.

Vitellius has not escaped the hostility of his biographers. While he may well have been gluttonous, his depiction as indolent, cruel, and extravagant is based almost entirely on the propaganda of his enemies. On the other hand, whatever moderating tendencies he did show were overshadowed by his clear lack of military expertise, a deficiency that forced him to rely in critical situations on largely inneffective lieutenants. As a result he was no match for his Flavian successors, and his humiliating demise was perfectly in keeping with the overall failure of his reign.

AR Denarius (20mm, 3.24 gm). Rome mint. Laureate head right / Tripod-lebes; dolphin above, raven below. RIC I 109; RSC 111. Ex-Cng
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01.- Attica Tetradrachm (454-404 BC)ATTICA, Athens. Circa 454-404 BC. AR Tetradrachm (22mm, 17.09 g, 8h). Helmeted head of Athena right / Owl standing right, head facing; olive sprig and crescent behind; all within incuse square. Kroll 8; HGC 4, 1597. VF, lightly toned, minor area of porosity on obverse, graffito and slight die shift on reverse.
Purchased at Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. auction in 2015.
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010. VespasianVespasian. AD 69-79. AR Denarius (20mm, 2.96 g). Ephesos mint. Struck AD 71. Laureate head right / Turreted and draped female bust right. RIC II 327 var.; BMCRE 450 var. ; RPC II 828 var.; RSC 293a var. This issue is normally accompanied by a mint mark below the bust on the reverse. No mintmark can be seen on this specimen, but striking weakness could have prevented it from being fully struck in this area. The obverse portrait is almost certainly from the same hand as RPC II 828, an issue marked with a BY monogram. Ex-CNGecoli
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0103 - Denarius Caracalla/Geta 211 ACObv/ DIVO SEVERO PIO, bare head of S.S. r.
Rev/ CONSECRATIO Eagle standing facing on globe, with open wings and head l.

Ag, 19.8 mm, 3.06 g
Mint: Roma.
RIC IV.I/191c [S] – BMCRE V/21
ex-CNG, auction e-249, lot 351
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011. Titus 79-81 ADTitus. 79-81 AD.

Titus was the beneficiary of considerable intelligence and talent, endowments that were carefully cultivated at every step of his career, from his early education to his role under his father's principate. Cassius Dio suggested that Titus' reputation was enhanced by his early death. [[17]] It is true that the ancient sources tend to heroicize Titus, yet based upon the evidence, his reign must be considered a positive one. He capably continued the work of his father in establishing the Flavian dynasty and he maintained a high degree of economic and administrative competence in Italy and beyond. In so doing, he solidified the role of the emperor as paternalistic autocrat, a model that would serve Trajan and his successors well.

AR Denarius (3.44 gm). Laureate head right/Radiate figure on rostral column. RIC II 16a; BMCRE 29; RSC 289. Fine. Scarce and interesting reverse type. Ex-CNG
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011a. Julia TitiJulia Flavia (17 September 64 - 91) was the only child to the Emperor Titus from his second marriage to the well-connected Marcia Furnilla. Titus divorced Furnilla after Julia's birth. Julia was born in Rome.

When growing up, Titus offered her in marriage to his brother Domitian, but he refused because of his infatuation with Domitia Longina. Later she married her second cousin Titus Flavius Sabinus, brother to consul Titus Flavius Clemens, who married her first cousin Flavia Domitilla. By then Domitian had seduced her.

When her father and husband died, she became Emperor Domitian’s mistress. He openly showed his love. Falling pregnant, Julia died of a forced abortion. Julia was deified and her ashes her mixed with Domitian by an old nurse secretly in the Temple of the Flavians.

AEOLIS, Temnus. Julia Titi. Augusta, AD 79-91. Æ 16mm (2.18 gm). Draped bust right / EPI AGNOU THMNIT, Athena standing left, holding palladium and scepter, shield resting on ground. RPC II 981. Near VF, dark green patina, small flan crack. Ex-CNG

From the Garth R. Drewry Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group 51 (15 September 1999), lot 875; Marcel Burstein Collection.
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0126 - Denarius Marcia 56 BCObv/ Diademed head of Ancus Marcius r.; behind, lituus and below, ANCVS.
Rev/ Equestrian statue standing on aqueduct, behind PHILIPPVS; at horse’s feet, flower. Below, AQVA MAR ligate within the arches of the aqueduct.

Ag, 20.0 mm, 3.37 g
Moneyer: L. Marcius Philippus.
Mint: Roma.
RRC 425/1 [dies o/r: 447/497] - Syd. 919 - Bab. Marcia 28
ex-J.B. González Redondo (denarios.org), jul 2011 (ex–CNG, auction e228, lot 274)
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012a. DomitiaDomitia, wife of Domitian. Augusta, 82-96 AD.

In 70, Domitia was married to Lucius Aelius Lamia, but she attracted the attention of Domitian, son of emperor Vespasian. Shortly afterwards she was taken from her husband and remarried with the future emperor. They had a son in the next year and a daughter in 74, both died young. Domitian was very fond of his wife and carried her in all his travels. In 83, Domitia Longina's affair with the actor Paris was disclosed. Paris was executed and Domitia received her letter of divorce from Domitian. She was exiled, but remained close to Roman politics and to Domitian.

CILICIA, Epiphanea. Æ 21mm (7.18 gm). Dated year 151 (83/84 AD). Draped bust right / Athena standing left, righ hand extended, left resting on shield; ANP (date) left. RPC I 1786; SNG Levante 1813; SNG France -; SNG Copenhagen -. VF, dark green patina, some smoothing. Very rare, only 1 specimen (the Levante specimen), recorded in RPC. Ex-CNG
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0147 - Denarius Sicinia 49 BCObv/ Diademed head of Fortuna r.; before, FORT; behind, PR.
Rev/ Palm branch tied with fillet and winged caduceus, in saltire; above, wreath; below, Q SICINIVS; III VIR at sides.

Ag, 17.5 mm, 4.03 g
Moneyer: Q. Sicinius.
Mint: Rome.
RRC 440/1 [dies o/r: 129/143] - Syd.938
ex-CNG, auction e260, lot 453 (ex–Dante Alighieri colln., CNG auction e219, lot 406).
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0154 - Nummus Constantius II 324-5 ACObv/ FL IVL CONSTANTIVS NOB C, laureate and draped bust of C. l.
Rev/ PROVIDEN-TIAE CAESS, camp gate with two turrets, star above; PLON in ex.

AE, 19.0 mm, 3.13 g
Mint: Londinium.
RIC VII/298 [C1]
ex-CNG, auction e261, lot 315
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0159 - Denarius Plautilla 202-5 ACObv/ PLAVTILLA AVGVSTA, draped bust of P. r.
Rev/ VENVS VICTRIX, Venus naked to waist, holding apple and palm, leaning on shield; to the l., Cupid holding helmet.

Ag, 19.1 mm, 3.31 g
Mint: Roma.
BMCRE V/429 – RIC IV.1/369 [S]
ex-CNG, auction e272, lot 390
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