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County of Tripoli, Bohemond V, 1233 - 1251 Billon denier County of Tripoli, Bohemond V, 1233 - 1251 Billon denier
R : + CIVITAS TRIPOL, eight pointed star, annulets between the rays
O : + BAMVND' COMS, cross pattée, three pellets in upper right quarter
CCS 19Vladislav D
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County of Tripoli, Raymond III (1152-87), Æ Pougeoise, (c.1173-1187) County of Tripoli, Raymond III (1152-87), Æ Pougeoise, (c.1173-1187), Tripoli mint +CIVITAS, towered gateway, rev., +TRIPOLIS, St. Andrew's cross pommettée, circle in centre, crescent in each quarter, (CCS 13)Vladislav D
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County of Tripoli, Raymond III, 1152 - 1187 Bronze pougeoise County of Tripoli, Raymond III, 1152 - 1187 Bronze pougeoise
O : + CIVITAS fortified gateway, five rows of masonry, five crenellations, large divided door
R : + TRIPOLIS, St. Andrew's cross pommetée, circle in center, crescent and pellet in each quarter
CCS 13
Ex FORUM ; Ex MalloyVladislav D
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Hugh Magnus: denier (Orléans)Hugh Magnus (Hugues de France in french) (1007-1025)
Denier (Orléans)
Billon, 1.28 g, diameter 17.5 mm, die axis 12h
O/ +D-I DEXTRA BE; city gate with an H on the left, a V below, a G on the right and a O on the top
R/ +AVRELIANIS CIVITAS; cross pattée
Hugh was the elder son of Robert II (the Pious), second capetian king of the Franks (996-1031). Hugues was crowned as an associate king in 1017. However, he died before his father and consequently he never ruled. No other son of a king of France had been called Hugh.
The obverse legend is a Christian one: dei dextra benedictus (blessed on God's right). As usual for Orléans mint, the I after the L in Avrelianis is in the angle.
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Dy.120 Louis VI (the Fat): denier (Orléans)Louis VI the Fat, king of the Franks (1108-1137)
Denier (Orléans)
Billon, 0.83 g, diameter 19 mm, die axis 4h
O/ +LVDOVICVS REX I; city gate with an O on the top, an Ω on the left, and 3 dashes on the right (maybe a Ξ). 4 pellets are in the gate.
R/ +AVRELIANIS CIVITAS; cross pattée with an O and an A.
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D.1041 Louis III (denier, Tours)Louis III, king of the Franks (879-882)
Denier (Tours)
Silver, 1.78 g, 19 mm diameter, die axis 12h
O/ +IIISIRICORDIΛ DI REX; Louis' monogram (legend beginning at 3h)
R/ +HTVRâ—ŠNES CIVITAS; croix pattée
Louis III became king of West Francia at 16 after his father Louis II died quite young. As he was the only living son of Charles II, Louis II had inherited the full kingdom of West Francia from his father. At opposite, when Louis II died, his sons Louis III and Carloman II divided the kingdom into a northern part for Louis III and a southern part for his brother Carloman II. During his reign, Louis III (in alliance with his brother) achieved military successes, especially against Vikings. However, Louis III's reign didn't last long. Louis III died inadvertently at 19 while chasing a girl on his horse. He hit violently the lintel of a door with his head.
Louis III's coinage is hard to distinguish from Louis II's. Both bear the same name et both reigns were very short. Three kinds of coins can be found:
* coins with legend LVDOVICS REX and a KRLS monogram : these coins have been found for northern and southern mints and are consequently given for Louis II;
* coins with a LVDOVICVS monogram ; they have only been found for the northern mints, and are consequently supposed to be Louis III's;
* coins of Toulouse with LV/DO, imitating the ones of Charles emperor with CA/RL. The attribution to Louis II seems to be straightforward due to the southern position.
The legend of the coin is different from the traditional Gratia di Rex, but still shows a religious origin. However its success remained very limited, with some scare coins of Louis III and Eudes.
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D.740 Eudes (denier, Orléans)Eudes, king of the Franks (888-898)
Denier (Orléans)
Silver, 1.77 g, 20 mm diameter, die axis 10h
O/ +GRΛTIΛ D TI; Eudes'monogram R / ◊D◊ / EX (inverted E) (legend beginning at 9h)
R/ +ΛVRELIΛNIS CIVITAS; cross pattée
Contrary to Charlemagne and Charles the Bald, Eudes seems to have had some problems to choose a monogram or to explain to all mints how it had to look like...
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01.3.01. István I., "St. Stephen !", King of Hungary, (997-1038 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 01.3.01., H-001, CNH I.-001, U-001, + REGIA CIVITVS, #0101.3.01. István I., "St. Stephen !", King of Hungary, (997-1038 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 01.3.01., H-001, CNH I.-001, U-001, + REGIA CIVITVS, #01
avers: + STEPHANVS•REX• (+ STEPNANVS•REX•, "N" instead of "H" !), Cross within a pearled border, wedges between the arms of the cross.
reverse: + REGIA CIVITAS (REGIA CIVITVS, "V" instead of "A"!), Cross within a pearled border, wedges between the arms of the cross.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,5-18,0 mm, weight: 0,95 g, axis: h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár-001, CNH I.-001, Unger-001,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: 01.3.01.,
Q-001quadrans
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01.3.02var. István I., "St. Stephen !", King of Hungary, (997-1038 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 01.3.02var., H-001, CNH I.-001, U-001, + REGIA CIVITVS, #0101.3.02var. István I., "St. Stephen !", King of Hungary, (997-1038 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 01.3.02var., H-001, CNH I.-001, U-001, + REGIA CIVITVS, #01
avers: + STEPHANVS•REX•, the first dot not behind the S but over the S interesting new legend variation !), Cross within a pearled border, wedges between the arms of the cross.
reverse: + REGIA CIVITAS (REGIA CIVITVS, "V" instead of "A"!), Cross within a pearled border, wedges between the arms of the cross.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,0-16,5 mm, weight: 0,70 g, axis: 2h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár-001, CNH I.-001, Unger-001,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: 01.3.02var.,
Q-001quadrans
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01.3.03. István I., "St. Stephen !", King of Hungary, (997-1038 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 01.3.03., H-001, CNH I.-001, U-001, + REGIA CIVITVS, #0101.3.03. István I., "St. Stephen !", King of Hungary, (997-1038 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 01.3.03., H-001, CNH I.-001, U-001, + REGIA CIVITVS, #01
avers: + STEPHANVS•REX• (The first S are retrograde !), Cross within a pearled border, wedges between the arms of the cross.
reverse: + REGIA CIVITAS (REGIA CIVITVS, "V" instead of "A"!), Cross within a pearled border, wedges between the arms of the cross.
exergue:-/-//--, diameter: 17,5 mm, weight: 0,73 g, axis: 5 h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár-001, CNH I.-001, Unger-001,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: 01.3.03.,
Q-001quadrans
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01.3.03./01.3.28. István I., "St. Stephen !", King of Hungary, (997-1038 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 01.3.03./01.3.28., rev.:01.3.28., H-001, U-001, CNH I.-001, + REGIA CIVITAS (retrograde legend !), Rare variant! #0101.3.03./01.3.28. István I., "St. Stephen !", King of Hungary, (997-1038 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 01.3.03./01.3.28., H-001, CNH I.-001, U-001, + REGIA CIVITAS (retrograde legend !), Rare variant! #01
avers: + STEPHANVS•REX•(The first S are retrograde !), Cross within the pearled border, wedges between the arms of the cross.
reverse: + REGIA CIVITAS (retrograde legend !), Cross within the pearled border, wedges between the arms of the cross.(01.3.28.)
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,5-18,0 mm, weight: 0,69 g, axis: 10h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár-001, CNH I.-001, Unger-001,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: av.:01.3.03./01.3.28.,
Q-001quadrans
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01.3.10. István I., "St. Stephen !", King of Hungary, (997-1038 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 01.3.10., H-001, CNH I.-001, U-001, + REGIA CIVITVS, #0101.3.10. István I., "St. Stephen !", King of Hungary, (997-1038 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 01.3.10., H-001, CNH I.-001, U-001, + REGIA CIVITVS, #01
avers: + STEPHANVS•REX• ("lying S-s" instead of "S" !), Cross within a pearled border, wedges between the arms of the cross.
reverse: + REGIA CIVITAS (REGIA CIVITVS, "V" instead of "A"!), Cross within a pearled border, wedges between the arms of the cross.
exergue:-/-//--, diameter: 16,5 mm, weight: 0,79 g, axis: 3h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár-001, CNH I.-001, Unger-001,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: 01.3.10.,
Q-001quadrans
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01.3.10./01.3.20. István I., "St. Stephen !", King of Hungary, (997-1038 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. + REGIA CIVITVS, 01.3.10./01.3.20., H-001, CNH I.-001, U-001,#0101.3.10./01.3.20. István I., "St. Stephen !", King of Hungary, (997-1038 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. + REGIA CIVITVS, 01.3.10./01.3.20., H-001, CNH I.-001, U-001,#01
avers: + STEPHANVS•-REX• ("lying S-s" instead of "S" !), Cross within a pearled border, wedges between the arms of the cross.
reverse: + REGIA CIVITAS (REGIA CIVITVS, retrograde "E" and "V" instead of "A"!), Cross within a pearled border, wedges between the arms of the cross.(01.3.20.)
exergue:-/-//--, diameter: 15,5 mm, weight: 0,67 g, axis: 1h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár-001, CNH I.-001, Unger-001,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: av.:01.3.10./01.3.20.,
Q-001quadrans
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01.3.18. István I., "St. Stephen !", King of Hungary, (997-1038 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 01.3.18., H-001, CNH I.-001, U-001, + REGIA CIVITAS, Rare variant! #0101.3.18. István I., "St. Stephen !", King of Hungary, (997-1038 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 01.3.18., H-001, CNH I.-001, U-001, + REGIA CIVITAS, Rare variant! #01
avers: + STEPHANVVS•REX• ("lying S-s" instead of "S" !, STEPHANVVS instead of STEPHANVS, double V legends error!), Cross within the pearled border, wedges between the arms of the cross. (double strike)
reverse: + REGIA CIVITAS (REGIA CIVITVS, "V" instead of "A"!), Cross within the pearled border, wedges between the arms of the cross.
exrgue:-/-//--, diameter: 16,0 mm, weight: 0,75 g, axis: 10h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár-001, CNH I.-001, Unger-001,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: 01.3.18.,
Q-001quadrans
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038 László V. “Posthumous” (Ladislaus V.) as Throne Require of Hungary, (1440-1453 A.D.), AR Denarius, H-643.var., C2-201A.var., U-494.f.var., P-150-15, Rare!038 László V. “Posthumous” (Ladislaus V.) as Throne Require of Hungary, (1440-1453 A.D.), AR Denarius, H-643.var., C2-201A.var., U-494.f.var., P-150-15, Rare!
avers: •m•LADISLA(I R•VnGARIE), Patriarchal cross in the circle, mint-mark S-D, on each side, the border of dots.
reverse: Hungarian shield with stripes, amongst three arches, three shields in the arches (Austrian band, Moravian eagle, Czech lion), a small circle between the shields!
exergue, mint mark: S/D//-- were struck by "Civitas" Town coin, (by Pohl), diameter: 12,5mm, weight: 0,36g, axis: 1h,
mint: Hungary, Szomolnok, (Schmölnitz, by Pohl, today in Slovakia, Smolnik), date:1442 A.D. (by Pohl),
ref: Huszár-643var. (reverse!), CNH2-201A.var., Unger-494.f.var., Pohl-150-15, Rare!
Q-001
The piece was cut around, at that used time.quadrans
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038 László V. “Posthumous” (Ladislaus V.) as Throne Require of Hungary, (1440-1453 A.D.), AR Denarius, H-670, C2-191, U-499.b., P-166-2, #1038 László V. “Posthumous” (Ladislaus V.) as Throne Require of Hungary, (1440-1453 A.D.), AR Denarius, H-670, C2-191, U-499.b., P-166-2, #1
avers: rosette •mOnЄTA•LADISLAI•, Patriarchal cross over the Crown in the circle, mint-mark S-D, on each side, the border of dots.
reverse: ✠RЄGIS VnGARIЄ•ЄT•C•, Hungarian shield with stripes on the left side, on the right side the Czech lion over the Austrian band, both sides of the shield one-one dots.
exergue, mint mark: S/D//-- were struck by "Civitas" Town coin, (by Pohl), diameter: 14,0-15,5mm, weight: 0,85g, axis:9h,
mint: Hungary, Szomolnok, (Schmölnitz, by Pohl, today in Slovakia, Smolnik), date:1442 A.D. (by Pohl),
ref: Huszár-670, CNH2-191, Unger-499.b., Pohl-166-2,
Q-001quadrans
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04.1.2. András I., (Andreas I.), King of Hungary, (1047-1060 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 04.1.2., H 008, CNH I. 011, U 004, #0104.1.2. András I., (Andreas I.), King of Hungary, (1047-1060 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 04.1.2., H 008, CNH I. 011, U 004, #01
avers: +• REX•ANDREAS•, Cross within the dotted circle, wedges between the arms of the cross.
reverse: + REGIA-CIVITAS, Cross within the circle, wedges between the arms of the cross.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,0mm, weight: 0,69g, axis: 3h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár 008, CNH I. 011, Unger 004,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: 04.1.2.,
Q-001quadrans
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04.1.2. András I., (Andreas I.), King of Hungary, (1047-1060 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 04.1.2., H 008, CNH I. 011, U 004, #0204.1.2. András I., (Andreas I.), King of Hungary, (1047-1060 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 04.1.2., H 008, CNH I. 011, U 004, #02
avers: +• REX•ANDREAS•, Cross within the dotted circle, wedges between the arms of the cross.
reverse: + REGIA-CIVITAS, Cross within the circle, wedges between the arms of the cross.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,5-17,2mm, weight: 0,42g, axis: 11h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár 008, CNH I. 011, Unger 004,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: 04.1.2.,
Q-002quadrans
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04.1.?. András I., (Andreas I.), King of Hungary, (1047-1060 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 04.1.?., H-008, U-004, CNH I.-011,04.1.?. András I., (Andreas I.), King of Hungary, (1047-1060 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 04.1.?., H-008, U-004, CNH I.-011,
avers: + REX•ANDREAS, Cross within a dotted circle, wedges between the arms of the cross.
reverse: + REGIA-CIVITAS, Cross within a circle, wedges between the arms of the cross.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,3mm, weight: 0,61 g, axis: 2h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár-008, Unger-004, CNH I.-011,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: 04.1.?., New subtype/sigla variation!,
Q-001quadrans
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1272 - 1307, EDWARD I, AR Farthing, Struck 1279 - 1299 at London, EnglandObverse: + EDWARDVS REX. Crowned bust of Edward I facing within circle of pellets. Cross pattée in legend.
Reverse: LONDONIENSIS. Long cross dividing legend into quarters, trefoil in each quarter of inner circle.
Undated Farthing, Class 3c
Diameter: 13mm | Weight: 0.42gms | Die Axis: 2h
SPINK: 1445
This is an early issue farthing with the reverse legend “LONDONIENSIS” which was later replaced by the ubiquitous legend “CIVITAS LONDON” for the London mint. Edward I began a major recoinage in 1279 which consisted not only of pennies, but new round half-pennies and farthings as well, and also introduced a new denomination, the fourpenny piece called the "Groat".
Edward I was King of England from 1272 - 1307. He was the eldest surviving son of Henry III and Eleanor of Provence. The contests between his father and the barons led by Simon de Montfort called Edward early into active life when he restored the royal authority within months by defeating and killing de Montfort at the battle of Evesham in 1265. He then proceeded to Palestine, where no conquest of any importance was achieved. After further campaigns in Italy and France he returned to England on his father's death and was crowned at Westminster Abbey in 1274.
Edward was popular because he identified himself with the growing tide of nationalism sweeping the country, displayed later in his persecution and banishment of the Jews which was the culmination of many years of anti-semitism in England.
Edward now turned his attention to the west and so, following a revolt in the Principality of Wales against English influence, Edward commenced a war which ended in the annexation of the Principality to the English Crown in 1283. He secured his conquest by building nine castles to watch over it and created his eldest son, Edward the Prince of Wales in 1301.
Edward's great ambition, however, was to gain possession of Scotland, but the death of Margaret, the Maid of Norway, who was to have been married to Edward's son, for a time frustrated the king's designs. However the sudden death of the King of Scotland, Alexander III, and the contested succession soon gave him the opportunity to intervene. He was invited by the Scots to arbitrate and choose between the thirteen competitors for the Scottish throne. Edward's choice, John Balliol, who he conceived as his puppet, was persuaded to do homage for his crown to Edward at Newcastle but was then forced to throw off Edward's overlordship by the indignation of the Scottish people. An alliance between the French and the Scots now followed, and Edward, then at war with the French king over possession of Gascony, was compelled to march his army north. Edward invaded Scotland in 1296 and devastated the country, which earned him the sobriquet 'Hammer of the Scots'. It was at this time that the symbolic Stone of Destiny was removed from Scone. Edward's influence had tainted Balliol's reign and the Scottish nobility deposed him and appointed a council of twelve to rule instead. Balliol abdicated and was eventually sent to France where he retired into obscurity, taking no more part in politics. Scotland was then left without a monarch until the accession of Robert the Bruce in 1306.
Meanwhile Edward assumed the administration of the country. However the following summer a new opposition to Edward took place under William Wallace whose successes, notably at Stirling Bridge, forced Edward to return to Scotland with an army of 100,000 men. Although he defeated Wallace's army at Falkirk, and Wallace himself was betrayed, Edward's unjust and barbaric execution of him as a traitor in London made Wallace a national hero in Scotland, and resistance to England became paramount among the people. All Edward's efforts to reduce the country to obedience were unravelling, and after the crowning of Robert Bruce, Earl of Carrick, as Robert I of Scotland in 1306 an enraged Edward assembled another army and marched yet again against the Scots. However, Edward only reached Burgh-on-Sands, a village near Carlisle, when he died. His body was taken back to London and he was buried at Westminster Abbey.
Edward I was married twice: to Eleanor of Castile, by whom he had sixteen children, and Margaret of France by whom he had three. Twelve memorials to his first wife stood between Nottingham and London to mark the journey taken by her funeral cortege. Three of those memorials, known as "Eleanor Crosses", can still be seen today.*Alex
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1272 - 1307, EDWARD I, AR Penny, Struck 1305 - 1306 at London, EnglandObverse: + EDWAR ANGL DNS HYB. Crowned bust of Edward I facing within circle of pellets. Cross pattée in legend.
Reverse: CIVITAS LONDON. Long cross dividing legend into quarters, trefoil in each quarter of inner circle.
Undated Penny, type 10cf1
Diameter: 18.5mm | Weight: 1.2gms | Die Axis: 9h
SPINK: 1410
Edward I began a major recoinage in 1279 which consisted not only of pennies and new round half-pennies and farthings, but also introduced a new denomination, a fourpenny piece called the "Groat".
Edward I was King of England from 1272 - 1307. He was the eldest surviving son of Henry III and Eleanor of Provence. The contests between his father and the barons led by Simon de Montfort called Edward early into active life when he restored the royal authority within months by defeating and killing de Montfort at the battle of Evesham in 1265. He then proceeded to Palestine, where no conquest of any importance was achieved. After further campaigns in Italy and France he returned to England on his father's death and was crowned at Westminster Abbey in 1274.
Edward was popular because he identified himself with the growing tide of nationalism sweeping the country, displayed later in his persecution and banishment of the Jews which was the culmination of many years of anti-semitism in England.
Edward now turned his attention to the west and so, following a revolt in the Principality of Wales against English influence, Edward commenced a war which ended in the annexation of the Principality to the English Crown in 1283. He secured his conquest by building nine castles to watch over it and created his eldest son, Edward the Prince of Wales in 1301.
Edward's great ambition, however, was to gain possession of Scotland, but the death of Margaret, the Maid of Norway, who was to have been married to Edward's son, for a time frustrated the king's designs. However the sudden death of the King of Scotland, Alexander III, and the contested succession soon gave him the opportunity to intervene. He was invited by the Scots to arbitrate and choose between the thirteen competitors for the Scottish throne. Edward's choice, John Balliol, who he conceived as his puppet, was persuaded to do homage for his crown to Edward at Newcastle but was then forced to throw off Edward's overlordship by the indignation of the Scottish people. An alliance between the French and the Scots now followed, and Edward, then at war with the French king over possession of Gascony, was compelled to march his army north. Edward invaded Scotland in 1296 and devastated the country, which earned him the sobriquet 'Hammer of the Scots'. It was at this time that the symbolic Stone of Destiny was removed from Scone. Edward's influence had tainted Balliol's reign and the Scottish nobility deposed him and appointed a council of twelve to rule instead. Balliol abdicated and was eventually sent to France where he retired into obscurity, taking no more part in politics. Scotland was then left without a monarch until the accession of Robert the Bruce in 1306.
Meanwhile Edward assumed the administration of the country. However the following summer a new opposition to Edward took place under William Wallace whose successes, notably at Stirling Bridge, forced Edward to return to Scotland with an army of 100,000 men. Although he defeated Wallace's army at Falkirk, and Wallace himself was betrayed, Edward's unjust and barbaric execution of him as a traitor in London made Wallace a national hero in Scotland, and resistance to England became paramount among the people. All Edward's efforts to reduce the country to obedience were unravelling, and after the crowning of Robert Bruce, Earl of Carrick, as Robert I of Scotland in 1306 an enraged Edward assembled another army and marched yet again against the Scots. However, Edward only reached Burgh-on-Sands, a village near Carlisle, when he died. His body was taken back to London and he was buried at Westminster Abbey.
Edward I was married twice: to Eleanor of Castile, by whom he had sixteen children, and Margaret of France by whom he had three. Twelve memorials to his first wife stood between Nottingham and London to mark the journey taken by her funeral cortege. Three of those memorials, known as "Eleanor Crosses", can still be seen today.*Alex
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1307 - 1327, EDWARD II, AR Penny, Struck 1311 - 1316 at Durham, EnglandObverse: + EDWAR ANGL DNS hYB. Crowned and draped bust of Edward II facing within circle of pellets. Cross pattee in legend.
Reverse: CIVITAS DVNELM. Long cross, the upper limb of which is in the form of a bishop's crozier, dividing legend into quarters, trefoil in each quarter of inner circle.
Diameter: 18mm | Weight: 1.2gms | Die Axis: 7h
Rare
SPINK: 1469
Undated Penny, Class 11a, struck under Bishop Kellawe. Bishop Kellawe was enthroned as Bishop of Durham in 1311 but he died in 1316 so this coin was struck during the five years between those two dates. These coins were sometimes called "poker pennies" because the shape of the crozier on the reverse is reminiscent of an old iron fireside poker. It's an unfortunate nickname considering the reputed manner of the King's death.
Edward II was born on 25 April 1284, the fourth son of Edward I of England and when Edward I died in July 1307 Edward II became king because his three elder brothers were already dead. Edward II was the first English prince to hold the title prince of Wales, which was bestowed on him by his father in 1301.
Unfortunately Edward II had few of the qualities that made a successful medieval king. He surrounded himself with favourites, the best known being Piers Gaveston who he recalled from exile, Edward I having banished him to France due to his bad influence on his son. Furthermore, Edward II gave Gaveston the earldom of Cornwall, a title which had previously only been conferred on royalty.
Opposition to the king and his favourite began almost immediately, and in 1311 the nobles issued the 'Ordinances', in an attempt to limit royal control of finance and appointments. Gaveston was twice exiled at the demand of the barons, only for him to return to England shortly afterwards. However, in 1312, he was captured by the barons and executed.
In 1314, Edward invaded Scotland where he was decisively defeated by Robert the Bruce at Bannockburn. So bad was this for Edward's rule that by the following year parts of England had fallen into anarchy and power was in the hands of the barons headed by Edward's cousin Thomas of Lancaster, who had virtually made himself the real ruler of England.
By 1318, Edward and Lancaster had been partly reconciled, but the king now had two new favourites, Hugh le Despenser and his son. When Edward supported the two Despensers' ambitions in Wales the barons banished both father and son. This prompted Edward to fight back and he defeated Lancaster at Boroughbridge in March 1322, Lancaster was executed him and the Despensers were called back to Edward's court.
But now, Edward's wife, Isabella of France, emerged as a focus of opposition. In 1325, she was sent on a diplomatic mission to France where she met and became the mistress of Roger Mortimer, an exiled opponent of Edward. In September 1326, Isabella and Mortimer invaded England. There was virtually no resistance and the Despensers were captured and executed. Defeated, Edward was made to renounce the throne in favour of his son Edward who was crowned Edward III in January 1327.
Edward II was imprisoned at Berkeley Castle and later murdered there.
*Alex
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1327 - 1377, EDWARD III, AR Penny, Treaty Period, struck 1361 - 1369 at London, EnglandObverse: + EDWARDVS REX ANGLI. Crowned bust of Edward III facing within circle of pellets. Cross pattée in legend.
Reverse: CIVITAS LONDON. Long cross dividing legend into quarters, trefoil and annulet in each quarter of inner circle.
This coin was struck during the period of the Treaty of Brétigny under which Edward III renounced his claim to the French throne.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 1.0gms | Die Axis: 10h
SPINK: 1630
Edward III was King of England from January 1327 until his death in 1377. He is noted for his military success and for restoring royal authority after the disastrous and unorthodox reign of his father, Edward II. During his long reign Edward III transformed the Kingdom of England into one of the most formidable military powers in Europe. His reign also saw vital developments in legislation and government, in particular the evolution of the English parliament, though it also saw the ravages of the Black Death.
Edward was crowned at the age of fourteen after his father was deposed by his mother, Isabella of France, and her lover Roger Mortimer. But at the age of seventeen he led a successful coup d'état against Mortimer, whom he executed, and began his personal reign.
In 1337, after a successful campaign in Scotland, Edward declared himself the rightful heir to the French throne which started what was to become known as the Hundred Years' War. Following some initial setbacks, the first part of this war went exceptionally well for England, the victories at Crécy and Poitiers led to the highly favourable Treaty of Brétigny in which, though Edward renounced his claim to the French throne, England made great territorial gains. However Edward's later years were marked by international failure and domestic strife, largely as a result of his inactivity and poor health.
Around 29 September 1376 Edward fell ill with a large abscess and, after a brief period of recovery, the king died of a stroke at Sheen on 21 June. He was succeeded by his ten-year-old grandson, King Richard II, since the Black Prince, Edward's son and Richard's father, had predeceased Edward on 8 June 1376.*Alex
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1377 - 1399, Richard II, AR Halfpenny struck at London, EnglandObverse: + RICARD : REX : ANGL. Crowned facing bust of Richard II within circle of pellets. Cross pattée in legend.
Reverse: CIVITAS LONDON. Long cross pattée dividing legend around inner circle of pellets into quarters, trefoil in each quarter of circle.
Type II, intermediate style, lombardic n's in 'LONDON'
Diameter: 13mm | Weight: 0.55gms | Die Axis: 12h
SPINK: 1699 | North: 1331b
Richard II was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. Edward III's heir, Edward the Black Prince, was Richard's father but he died in 1376, leaving Richard as heir apparent. When Edward III died the following year, the 10-year-old Richard succeeded to the throne.
During Richard's first years as king the government was in the hands of a series of regency councils which were under the control of Richard's uncles John of Gaunt and Thomas of Woodstock. England then faced various problems, most notably the Hundred Years' War. Another major challenge of the reign was the Peasants' Revolt in 1381, a crisis which the young king played a central part in suppressing.
*Alex
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1413 - 1422, Henry V, AR Penny struck at York, EnglandObverse: + HENRICVS REX ANGLIE. Crowned facing bust of Henry V, mullet (left) and trefoil (right) at each side of crown, all within circle of pellets. Pierced cross in legend.
Reverse: CIVITAS ‡ EBORACI. Long cross pattée dividing legend around inner circle of pellets into quarters, trefoil in each quarter of circle, incuse quatrefoil in centre of cross.
York, Class F (Local dies)
Diameter: 18mm | Weight: 0.8gms | Die Axis: 10h
SPINK: 1788
HENRY V
Henry V was King of England from 1413 until his sudden death on 31st August 1422. He is thought to have died from dysentery contracted during the siege of Meaux in France. He was 36 years old and had reigned for nine years. He was the second English monarch of the House of Lancaster.
During the reign of his father, King Henry IV, Henry had acquired an increasing share in England's government due to his father's declining health. After his father's death in 1413, Henry assumed control of the country and asserted the pending English claim to the French throne.
In 1415, Henry embarked on war with France in the ongoing Hundred Years' War between the two countries. Despite his relatively short reign, Henry's outstanding military successes, most notably in his famous victory at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, made England one of the strongest military powers in Europe.
In 1420, after months of negotiation with Charles VI of France, the Treaty of Troyes was signed recognising Henry V as regent and heir apparent to the French throne. To seal the pact Henry married Charles' daughter, Catherine of Valois. Henry's sudden death however, prevented the prospect of the English King taking the French throne from ever taking place.
Immortalised in the plays of Shakespeare, Henry V is known and celebrated as one of the great warrior kings of medieval England.
CLICK ON IMAGE BELOW TO ENLARGE IT
 *Alex
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1413 - 1422, Henry V, AR Half-penny struck at London, EnglandObverse: + HENRIC ‡ REX ‡ ANGL. Crowned facing bust of Henry V, broken anulets at each side of crown, all within circle of pellets. Cross pattée in legend.
Reverse: CIVITAS LONDON. Long cross pattée dividing legend around inner circle of pellets into quarters, trefoil in each quarter of circle.
London, Class C, ordinary bust
Diameter: 14mm | Weight: 0.4gms | Die Axis: 12h
SPINK: 1794
Henry V was King of England from 1413 until his sudden death on 31st August 1422. He is thought to have died from dysentery contracted during the siege of Meaux in France. He was 36 years old and had reigned for nine years. He was the second English monarch of the House of Lancaster.
CLICK ON IMAGE BELOW TO ENLARGE IT
*Alex
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1471 - 1483, EDWARD IV (Second Reign), AR Groat, Struck 1477 - 1480 at London, EnglandObverse: EDWARD DEI GRA REX ANGL (Z FRANC +). Crowned bust of Edward IV facing within tressure of arches, trefoils on cusps, all within beaded circle. Small crosses in spaces between words in legend. Mintmark, off-flan, pierced cross.
Reverse: POSVI DEVM ADIVTORE MEVM +/ CIVITAS LONDON. Long cross dividing two concentric legends separated by two beaded circles into quarters, trefoil in each quarter of inner circle. Mintmark, pierced cross, small crosses between words in outer legend.
Diameter: 25mm | Weight: 2.7gms | Die Axis: 11h
SPINK: 2096 var. (DEI rather than DI in obverse legend)
Edward IV was King of England from March 1461 to October 1470, and again from April 1471 until his sudden death in 1483. He was the first Yorkist King of England. The first half of his rule was marred by the violence associated with the Wars of the Roses, but he overcame the Lancastrian challenge to the throne at Tewkesbury in 1471 and there were no further rebellions in England during the rest of his reign.
In 1475, Edward declared war on France, landing at Calais in June. However, his ally Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, failed to provide any significant military assistance leading Edward to undertake negotiations with the French, with whom he came to terms under the Treaty of Picquigny. France provided him with an immediate payment of 75,000 crowns and a yearly pension of 50,000 crowns, thus allowing him to "recoup his finances". Edward also backed an attempt by Alexander Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany and brother of King James III of Scotland, to take the Scottish throne in 1482. Edward's younger brother, the Duke of Gloucester (and future King Richard III) led an invasion of Scotland that resulted in the capture of Edinburgh and the Scottish king himself. Alexander Stewart, however, reneged on his agreement with Edward. The Duke of Gloucester then withdrew from his position in Edinburgh, though he did retain Berwick-upon-Tweed.
Edward became subject to an increasing number of ailments when his health began to fail and he fell fatally ill at Easter in 1483. He survived long enough though to add some codicils to his will, the most important being to name his brother Richard, Duke of Gloucester as Protector after his death. He died on 9th April 1483 and was buried in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. He was succeeded first by his twelve-year-old son Edward V of England, who was never crowned, and then by his brother who reigned as Richard III.
It is not known what actually caused Edward's death. Pneumonia, typhoid and poison have all been conjectured, but some have attributed his death to an unhealthy lifestyle because he had become stout and inactive in the years before his death.
*Alex
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1485 - 1509, HENRY VII, AR Penny, Struck 1485 - 1500 under Archbishop Rotherham at York, EnglandObverse: HENRIC DI GRA REX AN. Crowned and robed figure of Henry VII holding a lis topped sceptre in his right hand and a globus cruciger in his left, seated facing on throne, the one visible pillar of which is topped with a lis, all except the king's crown within a circle of pellets.
Reverse: CIVITAS EBORACI. Shield bearing coat-of-arms of England and France on cross fourchée, two keys below shield.
Diameter: 17mm | Weight: 0.6gms | Die Axis: 3h
SPINK: 2237
CLICK ON IMAGES BELOW FOR INFO ON HENRY VII AND THOMAS ROTHERHAM
  *Alex
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1509 - 1547, HENRY VIII, AR Half-groat, Struck 1526 - 1530 at York, England under Archbishop Thomas (Cardinal) WolseyObverse: HENRIC•VIII•D•G•R•AGL•Z•F•. Youthful profile crowned bust of Henry VIII facing right within circle of pellets. Mint-mark: Voided cross.
Reverse: CIVITAS EBORACI. Shield bearing coat-of-arms on cross fourchée; T - W in upper field divided by shield; galero (cardinal's hat) below.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 1.0gm | Die Axis: 8h
Virtually uncirculated but with a dark, almost black, tone
SPINK: 2346
The T W on the reverse of this coin refers to Thomas Wolsey, known to posterity as Cardinal Wolsey, one of the most powerful figures at the court of Henry VIII. Although this coin is undated, the issue of Henry VIII's second coinage only began in 1526 and so, since Cardinal Wolsey died in 1530, it must have been struck between those two dates.
CLICK ON IMAGES BELOW TO ENLARGE AND FOR MORE INFO ON CARDINAL WOLSEY
  *Alex
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353.jpgRemi in Gallia, Région de Reims, ca. 60-40 BC.,
Æ 21 (19-21 mm / 5,45 g), bronze, axes irregular alignment ↑↖ (ca. 320°),
Obv.: [AT]ISOS (downwards before) / [RE]MOS (downwards behind) , beardless head facing left, four-pointed floral ornament behind - Tête à gauche, un torque au cou. Légende devant et derrière la tête. Fleur à quatre pétales derrière la nuque, grènetis.
Rev.: lion at bay left, dolphin below - Anépigraphe. Lion élancé à gauche, la queue entre les pattes et enroulée jusqu'au-dessus du dos. Une esse au-dessus de la croupe, grènetis.
DT. 596 ; LT. 8054 var. ; BMC Celtic 71 ; Scheers 147 ; Allen 'Coins of the Celts', illustrated as nos. 446 and 447 .
thanks to Alan ("Manzikert") for the id
Les Rèmes étaient l'un des peuples les plus puissants de la Gaule et les fidèles alliés des Romains. Le territoire des Rèmes s'étendait sur l'actuelle Champagne, le long de l'Aisne. Ils avaient pour voisins les Atuatuques, les Trévires, les Médiomatriques, les Lingons, les Suessions, les Bellovaques et les Nerviens. Ils dénoncèrent à César la coalition des peuples belges de 57 avant J.-C. dont faisaient partie, les Suessions qui partageaient les mêmes lois et les mêmes magistrats. Leur principal oppidum était Bibrax. La capitale de la civitas à l'époque gallo-romaine était Durocortorum (Reims).
The Remi were a Belgic people of north-eastern Gaul (Gallia Belgica). The Romans regarded them as a civitas, a major and influential polity of Gaul, The Remi occupied the northern Champagne plain, on the southern fringes of the Forest of Ardennes, between the rivers Mosa (Meuse) and Matrona (Marne), and along the river valleys of the Aisne and its tributaries the Aire and the Vesle.
Their capital was at Durocortum (Reims, France) the second largest oppidum of Gaul, on the Vesle. Allied with the Germanic tribes of the east, they repeatedly engaged in warfare against the Parisii and the Senones. They were renowned for their horses and cavalry.
During the Gallic Wars in the mid-1st century BC, they allied themselves under the leadership of Iccius and Andecombogius with Julius Caesar. They maintained their loyalty to Rome throughout the entire war, and were one of the few Gallic polities not to join in the rebellion of Vercingetorix.Arminius
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49. Edward IPenny, ca 1280-1281; London mint.
Obverse: EDW R' ANGL' DNS HYB / Crowned bust, facing.
Reverse: CIVITAS LONDON / Long cross with three pellets in each angle.
1.45 gm., 19 mm.
North #1022; Seaby #1393.
Classification from North, Vol. 2, p. 19-21:
- This coin has the following characteristics of type 3:
barred A, closed E and C, Roman N, no annulet on breast.
- The following characteristics indicate sub-type g:
small bust, narrow face, new side fleurs on crown (fig. 29).
- This coin is type 3g.
Callimachus
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50. Edward IIPenny, London mint.
Obverse: +EDWAR R ANGL DNS HYB / Crowned bust, facing.
Reverse: CIVITAS LONDON / Long cross with three pellets in each angle.
1.41 gm., 19 mm.
North #1065; Seaby #1468.
Classification from North, Vol. 2, p. 24-25; and Seaby 1994:
- E with angular back = types 11b - 15b.
- Bifoliate crown = types 10a - 15b.
- The distinguishing feature is the central fleur of the crown with straight sides and tall lis (fig. 13 on p. 25 of North, vol. 2.)
- Along with this goes the "large smiling face with leering eyes."
- This coins is therefore type 14 -- which is attributed to Edward II.
Perhaps unusual is the obverse legend with two Rs in it, not mentioned by North or Seaby.
Callimachus
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51. Edward IIIGroat, 1351-1352, London mint.
Obverse: +EDWARD DEI G REX ANGL Z FRANC D HYB / Crowned bust, facing.
Reverse: +POSVI DEVM ADIVTOREM MEV CIVITAS LONDON / Long cross with three pellets in each angle.
4.43 gm., 28 mm.
North #1147; Seaby #1565.
Classification and dating from North, Vol 2, p. 29-31:
- Fourth coinage (no groats in the 1'st - 3'rd coinages).
- Pre-treaty period 1351-1361, with French title.
- London "series C" 1351-1352:
mint mark: Cross 1 (p. 29); closed C and E; Roman N, but also backwards N; wedgefoot on R.
Callimachus
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53. Richard II.Half penny, London mint.
Obverse: +RICA . . . . . ANGL / Crowned bust, facing.
Reverse: CIVITAS LONDON / Long cross with three pellets in each angle.
.58 gm., 14 mm.
North #1331; Seaby #1699.
Classification from Seaby 1994, p. 113; and North, Vol. 2, p. 45:
Seaby lists four types of half pennies for Richard II. The type of lettering on this coin excludes types 3 and 4. The 1'st type is excluded because there is no annulet on the breast and there are no Roman Ns in LONDON. So this coin is the second "intermediate" type with no marks on the breast and Lombardic Ns in LONDON.
Callimachus
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54. Henry IV.Penny, heavy coinage: 1399-1412, York mint.
Obverse: +HENRIC REX ANGL Z FRANC / Crowned bust, facing.
Reverse: CIVITAS EBORACI / Long cross with three pellets in each angle, quatrefoil at center.
Classification: The identifying feature of the mint of York is the Quatrefoil at the center of the reverse cross. The broad face with rounded chin identifies the specific catalog numbers in both North and Seaby.
1.03 gm., 18 mm.
North #1351; Seaby #1722.
Provenance: ex. Lord Stewartby collection.Callimachus
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55. Henry V.Groat, London mint.
Obverse: +HENRIC DI GRA REX ANGLIE Z FRANC / Crowned bust, facing; mullet on right shoulder.
Reverse: +POSVI DEVM ADIVTORE MEVM CIVITAS LONDON / Lond cross with three pellets in each angle.
3.72 gm., 25 mm.
North #1367; Seaby #1765.
Classification: The identifying feature on this coin is the mullet on the right shoulder. That places it in "class C" in both North and Seaby.
Callimachus
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56b. Henry VI, second reign.Groat, 2'nd (Restored) Reign, Oct. 1470 - Apr. 1471. London mint.
Obverse: +HENBICV DI GBA BEX ANGL Z FBANC / Crowned bust facing.
Reverse: +POSVI DEVM ADIVTOBE MEVM CIVITAS LONDON / Long cross with three pellets in each angle.
Mint Marks: Cross pattee (6) on obverse; Restoration Cross (13) on reverse.
2.84 gm., 26 mm.
North #1617; Seaby #2082.
Classification: - On many coins of this reign the R looks like a B.
- Many coins of this reign are missing the S at the end of the king's name.
- The mint marks also identify it as coming from Henry's 2'nd (restored) reign.
Callimachus
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58a. Edward IV, first reign.Groat, light coinage of 1464-1470; London mint.
Obverse: EDWARD DI GRA REX ANGL Z FRANC / Crowned bust, facing, quatrefoils at neck.
Reverse: POSVI DEVM ADIVTORE MEVM CIVITAS LONDON / Long cross with three pellets in each angle.
Mint mark: crown on both sides.
3.09 gm., 25 mm.
North #1570; Seaby #2000.
Classification: North classifies Edward IV's groats into at least 22 types. Fortunately many of them have different mint marks, and the crown mint mark on both sides of this coin readily identify it as type 7. It is suggested that this mint mark was used from July 1466 to July 1467.Callimachus
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58b. Edward IV, second reign.Groat, 1477-90, London mint, Second reign.
Obverse: EDWARD DI GRA REX ANGL Z FRANC / Crowned bust, facing, fleurs on cusps.
Reverse: POSVI DEVM ADIVTORE MEVM CIVITAS LONDON / Long cross, with three pellets in each angle.
Mint mark: Pierced cross with pellet in one angle.
2.98 gm., 25 mm.
North #1631; Seaby #2098.Callimachus
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60. Richard III.Groat, London mint.
Obverse: RICARD DI GRA REX ANGL Z FRANC / Crowned bust, facing.
Reverse: POSVI DEVM ADIVTORE MEVM CIVITAS LONDON / Long cross, with three pellets in each angle.
Mint mark: boar's head on both sides.
2.93 gm., 25 mm.
North #1679; Seaby #2159.Callimachus
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61. Henry VII.Groat, 1504-1507, London mint.
Obverse: HENRIC DI GRA REX AGLI Z FR / Crowned bust, facing.
Reverse: POSVI DEV' ADIVTORE' MEV' CIVITAS LONDON / Long cross, with three pellets in each angle.
Mint mark: crosslet on both sides.
2.93 gm., 25 mm.
North #1706; Seaby #2201
Classification: The arch on the crown is a double bar with six uprights or crockets as jewels. This makes it type 4b. According to the table of mint marks (initial marks) on page 77 of North, Vol. 2, the crosslet mintmark was used 1504-1507.
Callimachus
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A.D. 1558-1603 - Elizabeth 1st - Tower Mint - Half GroatObv:- E . D . G . ROSA . SINE . SPINA, Crowned, draped bust left, two pellets in right field (Elizabeth by the Grace of God a rose without a thorn)
Rev:- CIVITAS LONDON, Shield
Minted in London (Tower Mint), 5th Issue, mintmark Escallop both sides, Dated A.D. 1584-1596
Reference:- S. 2579maridvnvm
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Beauvais (987-996) Hugh CapetDenier of Hugh Capet, king of France 987-996, with Herveus, bishop of Beauvais 987-997
O: HVGO REX HERVEIS
R: BELVACVS CIVITAS
Ex- CNG eAuction 531 (lot 1305), West Collection, GA SingerSt. George's Collection
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Carinus, Antoninianus, CLEMENTIA TEMPAE Antoninianus
Carinus
Augustus: 283 - 285AD
Issued: 283AD
21.0mm
O: M AVR CARINVS NOB CAES; Radiate, cuirassed bust, right.
R: CLEMENTIA TEMP; Carinus standing right on left, receiving Victory from Jupiter standing left on right, holding scepter.
Exergue: Γ, above line; XXI, below line.
Cyzicus Mint
RIC V-2 202, Γ; Sear 12294.
Aorta: 196: B20, O27, R10, T23, M3.
Josh Moran/CIVITAS Galleries
CICF 4/12/14 3/8/17Nicholas Z
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CHARTRESCHARTRES - Anonymous, AR Grand Denier. C. 1000-1050 AD. Simple type; Obv. with 3 besants in a row; center one is the eye to a simply-drawn crowned face; 3 wedges makek the mouth. Rev.: Cross in beaded circle; + CARTIS CIVITAS around. 21 mm. Poey D'Avant #1731. R SUP. Bd.204 (3f). dpaul7
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Claudius II Gothicus, Antoninianus, SPES PVBLICAAR Antoninianus
Claudius II Gothicus
Augustus: 268 - 270AD
Issued: 268 - 270AD
23.0 x 20.0mm
O: IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG; Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust, right.
R: SPES PVBLICA; Spes holding flower, advancing left, raising skirt.
Rome Mint
Aorta: 269: B23, O4, R112, T109, M6.
RIC 102; Cohen 281; cf Sear 11374.
Josh Moran/CIVITAS Galleries
CICF 4/12/14 3/6/17Nicholas Z
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Coin of the Cahors Billion DenierObverse : Squared cross with CATVRCICS around.
Reverse : CHI-RHO with an A below, flanked by two small crosses, with CIVITAS around.
Mint-Narbonne
Date-1220-1240
Reference : Roberts-4316. Mayhew-115. D. 1158 Bwileyc
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Conan II (1030-1066)Denier de Rennes
20mm
0,99g
+ CONANVS COMES
"Conan Comte"
Monogramme d’Éon et de Conan
+ REDONIS CIVITAS
"cité de Rennes"
Crois pattée
Jézéquel 8
de Mey 33PYL
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Constantius II Centenionalis Fel Temp Reparatio captivesAE Centenionalis
Constantius II, 337-361 CE
Diameter: 20mm, Weight: 4.44 grams, Die axis: 6h
Obverse: D N CONSTANTIVS PF AVG
Diadem, draped and cuirassed bust to left, holding globe in right hand.
Reverse: FEL TEMP REPARATIO
Emperor standing facing left, right hand holding standard decorated with ChiRo, left hand resting on shield. Two bound captives keeling before Emperor.
Mint: ALEΓ: Alexandria
References: RIC 54
Purchased from Civitas Galleries, 2020Pharsalos
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County of Tipoli.Bohemond VI AD 1251-1275 . AR.Demi GrosCounty of Tripoli .Bohemond VI AD 1251-1275 . AR.Demi Gros
O : +BOEMVNDVS COMES, cross in octofoil.
R : + CIVITAS TRIPOLI, star within octofoil.
Ex Alistar Lilburn collection .Vladislav D
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County of Tripoli .Bohemond VI AD 1251-1275 . AR.GrosCounty of Tripoli .Bohemond VI AD 1251-1275 . AR.Gros
26mm, 4.20 g
O : +BOEMVNDVS COMES, cross in octofoil.
R : + CIVITAS TRIPOLI, star within octofoil.
CCS 22 , Metcalf 490
Ex. CNG 336 , lot 388. Vladislav D
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County of Tripoli .Bohemond VII AD 1275 - 1287 . AR.GrosCounty of Tripoli .Bohemond VII AD 1275 - 1287 . AR.Gros
4.24 g.
Cross in twelve-foil, +SEPTIMVS: BOEMVNDVS: COMES Rv. Castle in twelve-foil, +CIVITAS: TRIPOLIS: SYRIE
Metc. 497, Schl. IV, 21, MPS p.175, 26. Pressure mark.
Ex Jan Lis, London 1973.
Ex Erich Wäckerlin collection
Ex Münzen & Medaillen GmbH
Auction 47 lot 71Vladislav D
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County of TRIPOLI Raymond II (1137-1157) or Raymond III (1152-1187) Billon DenierCounty of Tripoli
Raymond II (1137-1157) or Raymond III (1152-1187) Billon Denier
Obv.: + RAMVNDVS COMS Cross cantonnee with ball in first and second
angle.
Rev.: CIVITAS TRIPOLIS Crescent under 8-pointed star.
CCS 7
Ex JHE .Vladislav D
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County of Tripoli, Bohemond IV, 1187-1233 Billon denier County of Tripoli, Bohemond IV, 1187-1233 Billon denier . 16-17 mm.
Obv. +BAMVNDVS COMS - Cross, dotted initial cross
Rev. +CIVITAS TRIPOLIS - Star with eight rays, annulets between rays
Metcalf 530-533; CCS 14 .
Purchased from C.J.Sabine
Vladislav D
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County of Tripoli, Bohemond V, 1233 - 1251 Billon denier County of Tripoli, Bohemond V, 1233 - 1251 Billon denier
O : + BAMVND' COMS, cross pattée, three pellets in upper right quarter
R : + CIVITAS TRIPOL, eight pointed star, annulets between the rays
CCS 19Vladislav D
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County of Tripoli, Raymond II (1137-1152), Second Crusade period (c.1147-1149), Æ PougeoiseCounty of Tripoli, Raymond II (1137-1152), Second Crusade period (c.1147-1149), Æ Pougeoise
0.49 grams
+CIVITAS TIIPOLIS cross over horse or Pascal lamb .
+RAIMVNDVS COMES small cross with pellet in angles .
Sabine 168-172 . CCS 4a
Ex . TimeLine Auctions
Vladislav D
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County of Tripoli, Raymond II (1137-1152), Second Crusade period (c.1147-1149), Æ PougeoiseCounty of Tripoli, Raymond II (1137-1152), Second Crusade period (c.1147-1149), Æ Pougeoise
1.2 grams
+RAIMVNDVS COMES small cross with pellet in angles .
+CIVITAS TIIPOLIS cross over horse or Pascal lamb .
Sabine 168-172 . CCS 4Vladislav D
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County of Tripoli, Raymond III (1152-87), Æ Pougeoise, (c.1173-1187)County of Tripoli, Raymond III (1152-87), Æ Pougeoise, (c.1173-1187)
O : + CIVITAS fortified gateway, five rows of masonry, five crenellations, large divided door
R : + TRIPOLIS, St. Andrew's cross pommetée, circle in center, crescent and pellet in each quarter
CCS 13Vladislav D
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County of Tripoli, Raymond III, 1152 - 1187 Bronze pougeoiseCounty of Tripoli, Raymond III, 1152 - 1187 Bronze pougeoise 16-17 mm
O : + CIVITAS fortified gateway, five rows of masonry, five crenellations, large divided door
R : + TRIPOLIS, St. Andrew's cross pommetée, circle in center, crescent and pellet in each quarter
County of Tripoli 'Castle' copper type 1 (var), Metcalf 525-528.Vladislav D
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County of Tripoli, Raymond III, 1152 - 1187 Bronze pougeoiseCounty of Tripoli, Raymond III, 1152 - 1187 Bronze pougeoise 17 mm
O : + CIVITAS fortified gateway, five rows of masonry, five crenellations, large divided door
R : + TRIPOLIS, St. Andrew's cross pommetée, circle in center, crescent and pellet in each quarter
County of Tripoli 'Castle' copper type 1 (var), Metcalf 525-528.Vladislav D
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County of Tripoli. Raymond II (1137-1157) or Raymond III (1152-1187) Billon DenierCounty of Tripoli. Raymond II (1137-1157) or Raymond III (1152-1187) Billon Denier
16.3 mm. 0.778 g.
Obv.: + RAMVNDVS COMS Cross cantonnee with ball in first and third
angle.
Rev.: CIVITAS TRIPOLIS Crescent under 8-pointed star.
CCS 6
Ex FORUM ; Ex Malloy Vladislav D
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County of Tripoli. Bohemund V (1233-1251) New style Castle Coppers , ca. 1235 an later .County of Tripoli. Bohemund V (1233-1251) New style Castle Coppers , ca. 1235 an later .
Æ Pougeoise, 0,54 g ; 14-16 mm
O: +CIVITAS
Cross pommetee , pellet in center , pellet in each quarter
R:+TRIPOLIS
towered gateway
CCS 21
Ex Lanz .Vladislav D
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County of Tripoli.Raymond II AD 1137-1152 or Raymond III AD 1152-1187. AE Pougeoise .County of Tripoli.Raymond II AD 1137-1152 or Raymond III AD 1152-1187. AE Pougeoise .
Possibly contemporary imitation after Type 4.
0.46g.
O : garbled CIVITAS TRIPOLI. crescent and eight pointed star.
R : cross pommettée, arrow touching annulet in each angle
Ex Alistair Lilburn collection. Ex Pavlos S. Pavlou. Vladislav D
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Dareios of Media Atropatene, ca. 70 BC, or Phraates III., 70 - 57 BCAE 17, 3,84gr., 16,61mm;
Sellw. 35.15, Shore 167.;
mint: Rhagai, axis: 12h
obv.: bare head and torso facing, diadem and 2 broad ribbons floating above shoulders; mustache, short beard, 2 large bunches of hair over ears; necklet w/center medallion; cuirass; goddess in right field (or corrosion); dotted border;
rev.: horse walking, right, 5(?) lines of legend: BAΣIΛEΩΣ MEΓAΛOY rest illegible;
ex: Civitas Galleries, WI.Schatz
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Denier Matilda, mint of Nevers 1241-1257.Obverse
Bar with lily on top and two stars below.
✠ • M • COMITIഗഗΛ: MAHILDA COMITISSA
Countess Matilda.
Reverse
Cross. ✠ NIVERNIS CIVIT
NIVERNIS CIVITAS
City of Nevers.
Date;1241-1257
Mint:Nevers
18mm;1.01g
R.4691; feodales 762
wileyc
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Denier of Bohemond V 1233-51 ADBillion denier
Obv: +BAMVND COMS
cross patted three pellets in second quarter
Rev: +CIVITAS TRIBOL
eight pointed star, annulets between rays
Mint: Tripoli
Date: 1233-1251AD
14/16mm
.49g
Malloy 19wileyc
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Dy. 1 Hugh CapetDenier of Hugh Capet, king of France 987-996, with Herveus, bishop of Beauvais 987-997
O: HVGO REX HERVEIS
R: BELVACVS CIVITAS
Ex- CNG eAuction 531 (lot 1305), West Collection, GA SingerSt. George's Collection
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Edward-IV 1480-1483Edward-IV 1480-1483 - Halfgroat, 1480-1483. Second Reign, Type XXI.
Obverse: Facing bust within tressure with EDWARD DEI GRA REX ANGL Z FRA legend and 'cinquefoil' mintmark. Reverse: Long Cross and Pellets with POSVI DEVM ADIVTORE MEVM and CIVITAS LONBDON legends for London mint.
Ex: Morton & Eden Ltd;
Formerly in the Archbishop John Sharp (1644-1714) Collection.
S-2103; N.1634
1.56 GramsVacolony
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Elymais -- Orodes III., 2nd cent. ADAE 13, 4,05gr,
Van’t Haaff 16.1.1-1, Alram 469 (Orodes I.);
mint; Susa, axis: 12h;
obv.: bust, left, w/anchor adorned tiara, row of pellets as crest, 2-strand diadem, knot, and ribbon; mustache, med.-long beard; very large eye; earring, necklace; in right field anchor w/1 upper crossbar, crescent and pellet above; dotted border 7 - 13h;
rev.: radiate bust of Artemis wearing kalathos, right; corrupted Greek lettering around rim; dotted border 11:30 - 15:30h;
almost black patina;
Civitas Galleries, WI.Schatz
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Elymais -- Phraates, late 1st - early 2nd cent. ADAE dr., 3,23gr, 14,4mm;
Van't Haaff 14.2.2-2Ac-e, Alram - ;
mint: Susa, axis: 12h;
obv.: head, facing, w/tiara; mustache, long beard; ears; in right field anchor w/top and bottom crossbar, crescent w/pellet above; dotted border 11 - 17h;
rev.: eagle standing, facing, but head turned left; dotted border 7 - 15h;
ex: Civitas Gallery, WI.
Schatz
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ENGLAND - Edward IENGLAND - Edward I "Longshanks" (1272-1307) AR penny. Long cross, class 4a3, London mint. EDWARD ANGL' DNS HIB, crowned facing bust / CIVITAS LONDON, long cross with trefoils. North 1023. Seaby 1394dpaul7
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ENGLAND - Edward IENGLAND - Edward I "Longshanks" (1272-1307) AR penny, London mint. Long cross,Class 10cf3(b). Obv.: Crowned bust of king facing; +EDWAR R ANGL DNS HIB Rev.: CIVITAS LONDON, long cross with trefoils. Reference: Seaby #1411/2dpaul7
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ENGLAND - Edward IIENGLAND - Edward II (1307-1327) AR PEnny. Sear 1460. London Mint. EDWAR ANG DNS HYB/CIVITAS LONDON.dpaul7
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ENGLAND - Edward IIIENGLAND - Edward III (1327-1377) AR Groat (4 Pence). London mint, 4th Coinage, Pre-Treaty Issue (1351-1361). Obv.: +EDWARD D G REX ANGL Z FRANC D HYB, crowned bust facing in tressure Rev.: +POSVI DEVM ADIVTOREM MEV and LONDON CIVITAS, long cross and pellets. Reference: Seaby #SE1565.dpaul7
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ENGLAND - ELIZABETH IENGLAND - ELIZABETH I (1558-1603) AR half-groat. Tower Mint, London, made 1594-1596. Obv.: Crowned bust left, 2 pellets behind; E. D. G. ROSA SINE SPINA. Rev.: Quartered coat of arms on long cross fourchee; CIVITAS LONDON. Reference: North 2016; Seaby 2579. 0.764 g., 17.3 mm.dpaul7
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ENGLAND - HENRY VEngland, Henry V, 1413-1422, AR Penny (15mm), VG/F, Seaby/Spink 1788 or 1790, York mint. Obv.+ hENRIC REX ANGL, crowned bust facing, mullet to left, trefoil to right. Rev. CIVITAS EBORACI, long cross with three pellets in each angle, quatrefoil in center. The coin is gray, on a clipped flan. Very little of the obverse legend is pesent, and only about 1/3 of the reverse legend, as most letters are off of the flan. The crown on the portrait is clear, but little else is visible. The reverse is better struck.dpaul7
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ENGLAND - RICHARD IIENGLAND - RICHARD II (1377-1399) Halfpenny, AR. Late style, fishtail letters. Obv.: facing crowned bust of the king, no marks, "+RICARDVS REX ANGL" Rev.: Long cross with trefoil of pellets in each angle, "CIVITAS LONDON", .50 g. N. 1332A, s-1700. dpaul7
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England, Edward I England, Edward I (1272-1307), Penny, 1.26g., New coinage, class 9a1 (c.1299 to 1300/1), London mint, facing bust of King, star on breast, +EDWAR ANGL DNS HYB, rev., long cross with trefoil of pellets in each angle, CIVITAS LONDON (N.1036/1; S.1407), struck flat in parts, fine. Randygeki(h2)
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England, Edward I.England, Edward I (Longshanks) 1272-1307, silver penny.
New coinage, class 4b (1282 to 1289).
Obverse- Tall central fleur to crown, sinister side-fleur broken, late S, facing bust of King, +EDWR ANGL DNS HYB.
Reverse- Long cross with trefoil of pellets in each angle, CIVITAS LONDON.
(N.1024; S.1395) 1.41g., London mint.b70
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England, Edward II (1307-1327 A.D.)AR Penny
Durham mint, 1311-1316
Bishop Kellawe issue
19mm, 1.43g
Obverse:
+ EDWA R ANGL DNS hYB
Crowned bust facing
Reverse:
CIVITAS DUNELM
Long cross, crozier (bishops crook) on top with trefoil of pellets at each angle.Will J
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France (Royal). Philippe IV, le Bel (the Fair) (1285-1314)AR Gros Tournois à l’O rond (958‰ fineness). Struck 1285-1290. 3.81 g., 24.76 mm. max. (clipped), 0°
Ciani 206, LaFaurie 218, Duplessy 214, Dhénin 258, Roberts 2461
Obv.: + BNDICTV: SIT: NOmE: DNI: nRI: DEI: IhV. XPI with 3-pellet stops (= Benedictum Sit Nomen Domini Nostri Dei Ihesu Christus = Blessed in the name of our Lord, Jesus Christ) around + PhILIPPVS REX around cross pattée.
Rev.: + TVRONVS CIVIS (= City of Tours) around châtel tournois, surrounded by floral border of twelve embedded lis.
Van Hengel (1997) Group 200 (PhILLIPPVS legend with no punctuation marks in PhILLIPVS REX and TVRONVS CIVITAS). Van Hengel initially hesitated over whether this group is imitative, i.e., the work of professional moneyers and struck by a minting authority with the right to mint coins, somewhere. He later (1999) concluded that the group is imitative. The variable letter characteristics of the coin, according to the Van Hengel system, are:
• The first three Ns in the obverse outer legend appear as Hs, which is a later development;
• The M in NOME is open, as per Tyler-Smith letter form 2 var., another late development;
• There is no single pellet stop before XPI;
• The R in PhILLIPVS is a variant letter form not depicted by Tyler-Smith;
• The T on the reverse is a non-specific variant letter form depicted but not numbered by Tyler-Smith;
• The Vs on the reverse are a variant letter form not depicted by Tyler-Smith;
• The N on the reverse is Tyler-Smith variant letter form 2 (retrograde).Stkp
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FRANCE, Carolingian, Charles the Bald, (840-875), silver denierobv. cross in circle, CINOMANIS CIVITAS
rev. KRLS monogram, CIVIONIS CIVITS
Mint: Le Mans
Date: 84-887
1.44g,21mm
Roberts 1414
wileyc
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French, Eudes I. (Odo I.) and Eudes II. (Odo II.) or Thibaut II. (975-1004), Bd.205 (3 f.), PA.1731 (34-7), L.889, AR-Obole, Stylized head right, #1French, Eudes I. (Odo I.) and Eudes II. (Odo II.) or Thibaut II. (975-1004), Bd.205 (3 f.), PA.1731 (34-7), L.889, AR-Obole, Stylized head right, #1
avers: Head bléso-chartraine on the right, the mouth composed of three triangular bars, a besant in front of the nose, a besant on the left, a besant in the heart, border of dots.
reverse: ✠CARTIS CIVITAS, Cross pattée in border of dots.
diameter: 18,0-19,0mm, weight: 0,86g, axis: 10h,
mint/mintmark: County of Chartres, -/-//--,
date: cc. 975-1004 A.D.,
ref: Bd.205 (3 f.), PA.1731 (34-7), L.889,,
Q-001quadrans
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Gallienus Antoninianus Luna LuciferaBillon Antoninianus
Gallienus , 253-268CE
Diameter: 21mm, Weight: 3.60 grams, Die axis: 12h
Obverse: GALLIENVS AVG
Radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust to right
Reverse: LVNA LVCIFERA
Diana as luna, crescent atop head, advancing to right. Holds lit torch in both hands, drapery billows behind.
Mint: Antioch
References: RIC 646
Notes:
- Struck during sole reign of Gallienus, 260 -268 CE.
-The Roman goddess Luna, the equivalent of the Greek Selene, came to be associated in Rome with Diana. The reverse can be translated as 'Diana bringer of light'.
-The goddess Luna had her own temple on the Aventine Hill, but it was destroyed by the great fire of Rome circa 64 CE during Emperor Nero's reign.
Purchased from Civitas Galleries 2016, with handwritten ticket indicating ex Tom CederlindPharsalos
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Gallienus, Antoninianus, LVNA LVCIFAE Antoninianus
Gallienus
Augustus: 253 - 268AD
Issued: 267AD
22.0 x 21.0mm 3.50gr 5h
O: GALLIENVS AVG; Radiate, cuirassed bust, right.
R: LVNA LVCIF; Luna advancing right, crescent above head, holding lit torch with both hands.
Exergue: PXV
Antioch Mint
RIC V-1 Antioch 609, rad., cuir.; Cohen 600; RSC 599; Aorta: B47, O10, R216, T196, M1.
CIVITAS Galleries/Josh Moran
CICF 2015 4/12/15 4/3/17Nicholas Z
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GREAT BRITAIN - EDWARD IIEdward II (1307-1327), Farthing, 0.29g., New coinage, London mint class 13 or later (c.1315-c.1317 or until c.1335), facing bust of King, +[EDWARDV]S REX AN, rev., long cross with trefoil of pellets in each angle, CIVITAS LONDON (N.1070/2; S.1474), almost very fine.
dpaul7
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Henry VII (1485 - 1509 A.D.) AR Groat
O: hENRIC DI GRA REX AGL Z FRA, Crowned facing bust in tressure of arches; crown of two arches, outer jeweled (crown 4).
R:POSVI DEV ADIVTOR MEV CIVITAS LONDON, Long cross; trefoils in quarters, cross end 8, saltire stops, ‘coded’ stops 20/10.
London mint; mm:anchor (upright). Struck 1499-1502.
Class IIIc
25mm
3.03g
Cf. SCBI 23 (Ashmolean), 363; North 1705c; SCBC 2199.
Double Struck ObverseMat
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House of Tudor: Elizabeth I, Silver Penny 1595-1598 A.D. 6th Issue. UK metal detecting find from Yorkshire.Tower Mint London 0.46g - 13.7mm, Axis 1h.
Obv: E • D • G • ROSA • SINE • SPINA - (Key Mintmark) Crowned bust left.
Rev: CIVITAS LONDON - Long cross fourchee over quartered shield of arms.
Ref: Spink 2680.
Provenance: Chris Scarlioli Collection. UK metal detecting find from Yorkshire.Christian Scarlioli
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House of Tudor: Henry VIII, AR Halfpenny, First coinage, Mintmark: Portcullis crowned.London 1506-1526 A.D. 0.32g - 12mm, Axis 9h.
Obv: (Portcullis crowned) hЄNRIC DI GRΛ RЄX ΛGL - Crowned bust facing.
Rev: CIVITASx xLONDON - Long cross fourchée with three pellets in each quadrant. Saltire stops in the legend.
Ref: Spink 2334; North 1779: Withers V, 1b.
Provenance: Chris Scarlioli Collection.Christian Scarlioli
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Hungary. (Saint) István/Stephen I (Grand Prince 997-1000; King 1000-1038; canonized in 1083). Huszár 1; Tóth-Kiss 1.3 legend variation 1; Unger 1; Réthy I 1; Frynas H.1.2; Lengyel 1/1; Adamovszky A2; Csákvári p. 30; Kovács pp. 33-35Hungary. (Saint) István/Stephen I (Grand Prince 997-1000; King 1000-1038; canonized in 1083)
AR denomination unknown (per Huszár and Adamovszky) or denár (per Tóth-Kiss, Unger, Frynas, Lengyel, Kovács, Csákvári and Gyöngyössy) (average .76 g, 15-19 mm.); .84 g., 18.04 mm. max., 0°
Obv: + STEPHANVS REX, cross within pearled border, wedges between the arms of the cross.
Rev: + REGIA CIVITAS, cross within pearled border, wedges between the arms of the cross.
Struck at Esztergom, and issued continuously, probably for decades (per Tóth-Kiss), beginning ca. 1020 (per Gyöngyössy), or 1018-1038 (per Jonsson). According to Jonsson, this type was struck according to two weight standards; a "heavy denar" (average weight 1.24 g.) and "light denar" (average weight .80 g.), with different issuance dates. However, no catalog differentiates the type by weight. It would appear that Jonsson's "light denar" corresponds to this type (which has an average weight of .78 g.) and that his "heavy denar" corresponds to the similar Huszár 4; Tóth-Kiss 1.7, Réthy I 7 (which has an average weight of 1.24 g).
Faintich speculates that the wedges on this coin are cometary symbols that may represent the comet of 975 (the year of Stephen's birth).
Huszár rarity 9, Toth-Kiss rarity 200, Unger rarity 65, Frynas rarity N.
Note: “[T]he half denars or obols of the Bavarian princes, coined at Regensburg, have been identified as the direct models for the first Hungarian coins. . . Yet the design of the Hungarian coin refrained from a servile imitation of the Bavarian model, partly by omitting to copy the representation of the Carlovingian [sic] church from the reverse of the Bavarian obols, partly by showing independent taste in shaping the cross, and applying the linear Greek cross. Finally the capital letter types of the legend on Bavarian coins completely differ from the peculiar characters to be seen on the first Hungarian coins, which are engraved with unusual forms actually reminiscent of runic marks” (Huszár 1963, 6-7).Stkp
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