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Image search results - "Barb"

Allectus - AE quinarius or barbarous radiate - 293/296 - Mint of Camulodunum.
Ob.: IMP C ALLECTVS P F AVG; radiate and cuirassed bust right
Rev.: VIRTVS AVG; Galley
gs. 2,7 mm 19,2
Cohen 81, RIC 126 Scarce1 commentsMaxentius

areich

AE sestertius. Struck under Claudius, circa 50-54 AD, uncertain eastern provincial mint located in the modern-day Balkans.
Obv : TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG F BRITANNICVS, draped bust left.
Rev : - No legend, Mars advancing left, holding spear and shield, SC in fields. 35mm, 19.4g. Extremely Rare.

Ref : BMCRE 226
Cohen 2
RCV 1908, valued at $32,000 in Fine, which is a few multiples greater than any other sestertius issued during the several centuries the denomination was in use.
A large number of the surviving examples of this series (one may even suggest a majority of them), due to their rarity, have been subjected to modern alteration techniques such as smoothing, tooling, and repatination. As such, it's actually pleasant to see a bit of field roughness and a 'plain brown' patina of old copper on this example, evidence that it is just as ugly as it was the day it was last used in circulation back in Ancient Rome.
Britannicus, originally known as Germanicus after Claudius' older brother, was the emperor's original intended heir and natural son. Machinations by Agrippina II eventually saw Britannicus supplanted by her own son Nero, (by Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus) who took the throne upon Claudius' suspicious death. Britannicus himself died a few years later, reportedly poisoned by his step-brother. The future emperor Titus and Britannicus were close friends, and Titus became quite ill and nearly died after eating from the same poisoned dish that killed Britannicus.R. Smits

Barbarian imitation...1 commentsverslaflamme

Barbaric Constantius II. AE4. 355-361 AD.
DN CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right / FEL TEMP-REPARATIO, soldier standing left, foot on shield, spearing fallen horseman, who is wearing a Phrygian helmet and reaching backwardsAntonivs Protti

TETRICUS Barbarous imitation. (AD 270-273) Antoninianus, 1.50g. VIRTVS? PAX
TETRICUS Barbarous imitation. (AD 270-273)

Obverse: [IMP TE]TRICVS F AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: Godess standingAntonivs Protti

Barbarous Imitating Tetricus IObverse: radiated bust right.
Reverse: Salus standing left, holding rudder and feeding snake rising from altar.
11 mm., .9 g.
NORMAN K

Falling horsemanAll 15 official mints.
Alexandria
Amiens
Antioch
Aquileia
Arles
Constantinople
Cyzicus
Heraclea
Lyons
Nicomedia
Rome
Sirmium
Siscia
Thessalonica
Trier
Barbaous Mint

Updated coins with a new background (thanks Jay!)1 commentsRandygeki(h2)

41 - 54, Claudius I, AE Dupondius, Irregular (barbarous) issue struck after 43AD in BritanniaObverse: Blundered legend. Bare head of Claudius I facing left.
Reverse: Blundered legend. Ceres, veiled, seated facing left, holding grain ears and long torch.
Diameter: 26mm | Weight: 9.5gms | Die Axis: 11h
SPINK: 745
Green Patina. Scarce. Found near Sleaford, Lincolnshire, UK

These irregular coins are associated with the Claudian invasion of Britain in 43AD. It appears likely that the authorities allowed them to be struck to augment the scanty supply of bronze from the central mint of Rome and the evidence available from museums and recorded in numismatic literature would seem to bear this out.
Although it is difficult to work out the proportion that these copies bear to the official issues on a national scale, it is quite evident that it is of a considerable size, about 20% on an average over the whole area in which Claudian coins are found, and in some localities well over 50%. When you consider that the actual area over which these coins are found exactly covers the areas of the first conquests, and there are no credible reasons for supposing them to be Gallic importations, the likelihood is that they were struck in Britain itself. Those barbarous examples found beyond the Fosse Way bear witness to the spread of the new coinage, and also to its continuance during the subsequent years of conquest..
The actual types found are equally strong evidence for the connection of these copies with the Claudian legions. Copies of Sestertii are rare, Dupondii less so, but the majority, about 70% of the Claudian copies found in England, are Asses.
Irregular issues of all the foregoing types are found in varying stages of degradation, ranging from coins which show all the detail, and much of the excellence of the official prototypes, down to rough unskilful productions of crude and barbarous style.
The majority of copies, particularly the good ones, have been found in or near the towns which were either administrative and/or military centres, such as Lincoln and Gloucester. This seems to indicate that the coining of irregular issues were, if not official, an acceptable method of supplementing the military funds to pay the troops during the conquest. The first generation copies, since they were intended for paying the soldiers, were fairly accurate in style and weight. In time though, once they had circulated through the tribal centres and the lands that lay between and behind the chief Roman military posts and been absorbed into currency, the copies would themselves be copied. These second-degree copies became proportionately less faithful to the originals and are extremely numerous at such tribal centres as Cirencester, Silchester, Winchester and Dorchester, which were civil, but not military, towns.*Alex

2 Philip IPhilip I
AR Antoninianus
Barbarous Imitation
4.59g

I can't imagine this coin would have fooled many people!1 commentsSosius

268 - 270, Roman Imitative Antoninianus (Barbarous Radiate), produced in Britain and the continent. Struck in the name of CLAUDIUS IIObverse: Unclear partial inscription. Radiate head of Claudius II facing right.
Reverse: Unclear partial inscription. Crude depiction of Pax standing facing left, right arm outstretched in front of her holding branch. Struck off-centre.
Hoard find from Northern England.
Diameter: 15mm | Weight: 1.6gms | Die Axis: 4
SPINK: 749

The term 'barbarous radiates', dating from its use by antiquarians in the 19th century, is still often used to refer to the locally produced unofficial coins which imitated the official Roman antoninianii of the period. These coins were not struck by barbarians outwith the Empire as the name would suggest, nor were they intrinsically forgeries or fakes. Instead they were the result of a period of great instability within the Roman empire during which the western provinces especially often experienced a severe lack of coinage. To fill this void small denomination coinage was unofficially issued in very large numbers. Though some of these coins are fairly close copies of the official coins which they imitate, many others have been produced by die engravers who were patently illiterate and often of limited ability artistically as well. Around 274 Aurelian banned the use of these imitative bronzes when he reformed the currency but it is possible that some "barbarous radiates" were still being produced after that date. Whether individual coins are of British or Continental mintage can really only be ascertained by provenance.

*Alex

271 - 274, Roman Imitative Antoninianus (Barbarous Radiate), produced in Britain and the continent. Struck in the name of TETRICUS IObverse: (TETR)ICVS P F AVG. Radiate head of Tetricus I facing right.
Reverse: (PA)X AVGG Crude depiction of Pax standing facing left, right arm outstretched in front of her and holding vertical spear in her left.
From a hoard found in Northern England.
Diameter: 14mm | Weight: 1.6gms | Die Axis: 6
SPINK: 749

The term 'barbarous radiates', dating from its use by antiquarians in the 19th century, is still often used to refer to the locally produced unofficial coins which imitated the official Roman antoninianii of the period. These coins were not struck by barbarians outwith the Empire as the name would suggest, nor were they intrinsically forgeries or fakes. Instead they were the result of a period of great instability within the Roman empire during which the western provinces especially often experienced a severe lack of coinage. To fill this void small denomination coinage was unofficially issued in very large numbers. Though some of these coins are fairly close copies of the official coins which they imitate, many others have been produced by die engravers who were patently illiterate and often of limited ability artistically as well. Around 274 Aurelian banned the use of these imitative bronzes when he reformed the currency but it is possible that some "barbarous radiates" were still being produced after that date. Whether individual coins are of British or Continental mintage can really only be ascertained by provenance.

*Alex

271 - 274, Roman Imitative Antoninianus (Barbarous Radiate), produced in Britain and the continent. Struck in the name of TETRICUS II as CAESARObverse: Blundered legend - - IVES - -. Radiate bust of Tetricus II facing right.
Reverse: Likely (PIETA)S AVG. Sacrificial Implements.
From an uncertain British location.
Diameter: 14.5mm | Weight: 2.29gms | Die Axis: 2
SPINK: 749

The term 'barbarous radiates', dating from its use by antiquarians in the 19th century, is still often used to refer to the locally produced unofficial coins which imitated the official Roman antoninianii of the period. These coins were not struck by barbarians outwith the Empire as the name would suggest, nor were they intrinsically forgeries or fakes. Instead they were the result of a period of great instability within the Roman empire during which the western provinces especially often experienced a severe lack of coinage. To fill this void small denomination coinage was unofficially issued in very large numbers. Though some of these coins are fairly close copies of the official coins which they imitate, many others have been produced by die engravers who were patently illiterate and often of limited ability artistically as well. Around 274 Aurelian banned the use of these imitative bronzes when he reformed the currency but it is possible that some "barbarous radiates" were still being produced after that date. Whether individual coins are of British or Continental mintage can really only be ascertained by provenance.

*Alex

274, Roman Imitative Antoninianus (Barbarous Radiate), produced in Britain and the continent. Struck in the name of TETRICUS II as AUGUSTUSObverse: (IMP C TET)RICVS AG. Radiate bust of Tetricus II facing right, seen from behind.
Reverse: Struck from extremely worn reverse die which possibly depicts Salus feeding serpent arising from altar.
Diameter: 14mm | Weight: 1.7gms | Die Axis: 6
SPINK: 749
RARE

This is an irregular issue (barbarous radiate) giving Tetricus II the title of Augustus rather than Caesar.
Interestingly the Historia Augusta makes this statement with regard to Aurelian's triumph in A.D.274. "In the procession was Tetricus also, arrayed in a scarlet cloak, a yellow tunic, and Gallic trousers, and with him his son, whom he had proclaimed in Gaul as Imperator." (Historia Augusta, xxxiv, iii). Imperator was a title that invariably, when referring to an Imperial figure, implied the rank of Augustus, but no regular official coinage issues of Tetricus II citing him as such are known.

The term 'barbarous radiates', dating from its use by antiquarians in the 19th century, is still often used to refer to the locally produced unofficial coins which imitated the official Roman antoninianii of the period. These coins were not struck by barbarians outwith the Empire as the name would suggest, nor were they intrinsically forgeries or fakes. Instead they were the result of a period of great instability within the Roman empire during which the western provinces especially often experienced a severe lack of coinage. To fill this void small denomination coinage was unofficially issued in very large numbers. Though some of these coins are fairly close copies of the official coins which they imitate, many others have been produced by die engravers who were patently illiterate and often of limited ability artistically as well. Around 274 Aurelian banned the use of these imitative bronzes when he reformed the currency but it is possible that some "barbarous radiates" were still being produced after that date. Whether individual coins are of British or Continental mintage can really only be ascertained by provenance.

*Alex

841 - 849, ÆTHELRED II, Anglo-Saxon king of Northumbria, AE Styca, Struck 841 - 844 at York, EnglandObverse: + EDILRED REX around large Greek cross, small Greek cross in legend.
Reverse: + EANRED around small Greek cross. Small Greek cross in legend. Moneyer: Eanred.
Issue: First Reign, Phase II, Group Cii
Diameter: 13mm | Weight: 0.9gms | Die Axis: 12
SPINK: 865 | Pirie: 1374 (same dies)

The new styca coinage, small brass coins containing very little silver and much zinc introduced at the beginning of the century, continued to be minted in large quantities by a number of different moneyers at York during Æthelred's reign.

Æthelred II was king of Northumbria in the middle of the ninth century, but, as with his father, his dates are uncertain. Relatively little is known of Æthelred's reign from the surviving documentary record. He appears to have been expelled in favour of Rædwulf, whose reign is confirmed by the evidence of coinage. However, Rædwulf was killed that same year fighting against the Vikings and Æthelred was restored to power. Æthelred was assassinated a few years later, but no further details are known of his murder. Æthelred II was succeeded by Osberht.
N. J. Higham, reader of history at Manchester University and author of several books on the Anglo-Saxons dates Æthelred II's reign as from 840 until his death in 848, with an interruption in 844 when Rædwulf briefly usurped the throne. Barbara Yorke, Emeritus professor of Medieval history at the University of Winchester agrees, but dates his death slightly later to 848 or 849.

The Kingdom of Northumbria was a medieval Anglian kingdom in what is now Northern England and South-east Scotland. The name derives from the Old English Norþan-hymbre meaning "the people or province north of the Humber", Northumbria started to consolidate into one kingdom in the early seventh century when the two earlier territories of Deira and Bernicia united. At its height, the kingdom extended from the Humber Estuary in the south to the Firth of Forth (now in Scotland) in the north.
Northumbria ceased to be an independent kingdom in the mid-tenth century.
*Alex

90 Avitus?AVITUS?
AE4/5, Rome mint

O: DN AVIT-VS PF AVG, bust right

R: VICTOR-IA AVGG, Victory standing, left, holding wreath and palm branch, RM in ex., S in left field

RIC X 2412 or 2413, R5. Sear (2014) 21581 or 21582 (extremely rare)

Like many late Roman coins, this could be a barbarous issue, but it has many of the features of genuine Avitus coins. Still not enough detail or legends to remove the question mark after Avitus, though!Sosius

Barbaric imitative of Tetricus I, Similatr to RIC 126Obverse: IMP C TETRICVS PF AVG, radiated bust right.
Reverse: SALVS AVG, Salus standing left, holding patera in right hand and feeding snake rising from altar. In her left hand Salus holds a rudder or anchor.
14.8 mm., 1.9 g.
NORMAN K

Barbarous Imitation of Constantine era coin ,Danubian CeltsLaureate, helmeted, cuirassed bust right. Legend H H H H H H H T
Rev :H H H H H H H H H mint mark T? HII Two Victories standing, facing each other, together holding shield 2 commentsBritanikus

(0193) SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS193 - 211 AD
Struck 196-198 AD, under governor Statilius Barbarus
AE 27 mm, 12.31 g
O: AV KAI CE CEVHPOC ΠE Laureate, draped, curiassed bust right
R: HΓE CTA BAPBAPOV ΦIΛIΠΠOΠOΛITΩN Emperor riding a galloping horse right with transverse spear and flowing mantle
Thrace,Philippopolis; cf Varbanov 1193 (same dies; said to be unpublished, in collection of O. Gavrailov)laney

(0273) TETRICUS II273-274AD
Billon antoninianus 15 x 16.5 mm; 2.18 g
O: Radiate and cuirassed bust right
R: Pax standing left, holding olive-branch and scepter
(probably barbarous radiate)laney

(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD as Caesar
337 - 361 AD as Augustus
struck ca 348 - 361 AD
AE 20 X 21 mm 4.08 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG bust left holding globe
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO helmeted soldier walking right, with head left, leading young barbarian out of hut; tree behind.laney

(05) CLAUDIUS--QUADRANS (Hand)41 - 54 AD
AE QUADRANS 15 mm 2.20 g
Date: 41 AD
Obverse: Legend around hand left, holding pair of scales above P N R
Reverse: Legend around S dot C
(possibly barbarous imitative)laney

(504c) Roman Republic, L. Cassius Longinus, 63 B.C.Silver denarius, Crawford 413/1, RSC I Cassia 10, SRCV I 364, aVF, struck with worn dies, Rome mint, weight 3.867g, maximum diameter 20.3mm, die axis 0o, c. 63 B.C. Obverse: veiled bust of Vesta left, kylix behind, L before; Reverse: LONGIN III V, voter standing left, dropping tablet inscribed V into a cista.

The reverse of this Longinus denarius captures a fascinating moment when a Roman citizen casts his ballot. "The abbreviation III V [ir] indentifies Longinus as one of the three annually appointed mintmasters (officially called tres viri aere argento auro flando feriundo). A citizen is seen casting his vote into the urn. On the ballot is the letter 'U', short for uti rogas, a conventional formula indicating assent to a motion. The picture alludes to the law, requested by an ancestor of the mintmaster, which introduced the secret ballot in most proceedings of the popular court" (Meier, Christian. Caesar, a Biography. Berlin: Severin and Siedler, 1982. Plate 6).

The date that this denarius was struck possesses unique significance for another reason. Marcus Tullius Cicero (politician, philosopher, orator, humanist) was elected consul for the year 63 BC -- the first man elected consul who had no consular ancestors in more than 30 years. A "new man," Cicero was not the descendant of a "patrician" family, nor was his family wealthy (although Cicero married "well"). Cicero literally made himself the man he was by the power of the words he spoke and the way in which he spoke them. A witness to and major player during the decline of the Roman Republic, Cicero was murdered in 43 BC by thugs working for Marc Antony. But Cicero proved impossible to efface.

Cicero's words became part of the bed rock of later Roman education. As Peter Heather notes, every educated young man in the late Roman Empire studied "a small number of literary texts under the guidance of an expert in language and literary interpretation, the grammarian. This occupied the individual for seven or more years from about the age of eight, and concentrated on just four authors: Vergil, Cicero, Sallust and Terence" (Heather, Peter. The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. 17).

Plutarch: Cicero's Death

But in the meantime the assassins were come with a band of soldiers, Herennius, a centurion, and Popillius, a tribune, whom Cicero had formerly defended when prosecuted for the murder of his father. Finding the doors shut, they broke them open, and Cicero not appearing, and those within saying they knew not where he was, it is stated that a youth, who had been educated by Cicero in the liberal arts and sciences, an emancipated slave of his brother Quintus, Philologus by name, informed the tribune that the litter was on its way to the sea through the close and shady walks. The tribune, taking a few with him, ran to the place where he was to come out. And Cicero, perceiving Herennius running in the walks, commanded his servants to set down the litter; and stroking his chin, as he used to do, with his left hand, he looked steadfastly upon his murderers, his person covered with dust, his beard and hair untrimmed, and his face worn with his troubles. So that the greatest part of those that stood by covered their faces whilst Herennius slew him. And thus was he murdered, stretching forth his neck out of the litter, being now in his sixty-fourth year. Herennius cut off his head, and, by Antony's command, his hands also, by which his Philippics were written; for so Cicero styled those orations he wrote against Antony, and so they are called to this day.

When these members of Cicero were brought to Rome, Antony was holding an assembly for the choice of public officers; and when he heard it, and saw them, he cried out, "Now let there be an end of our proscriptions." He commanded his head and hands to be fastened up over the rostra, where the orators spoke; a sight which the Roman people shuddered to behold, and they believed they saw there, not the face of Cicero, but the image of Antony's own soul. And yet amidst these actions he did justice in one thing, by delivering up Philologus to Pomponia, the wife of Quintus; who, having got his body into her power, besides other grievous punishments, made him cut off his own flesh by pieces, and roast and eat it; for so some writers have related. But Tiro, Cicero's emancipated slave, has not so much as mentioned the treachery of Philologus.

Translation by John Dryden: http://intranet.grundel.nl/thinkquest/moord_cicero_plu.html

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.Cleisthenes

0 Constantius II (Gaming Token?)Constantius II, AE3, 22mm, Rome mint. DN CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, cuirassed bust left, holding globe, N behind bust / FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Emperor nimbate and in military dress, with shield on left arm, on horseback galloping right, thrusting his spear at two barbarians wearing Phrygian helmets, who kneel before him with their arms raised towards him. N in right field. Mintmark R dot S. RIC VIII Rome 184 var (unlisted officina, RIC lists only officina T for this "R dot.. officina" issue.)4 commentsRandygeki(h2)

001 Orbiana denarius duplicateSALL BARBIA ORBIANA AVG, diademed & draped bust right
CONCORDIA AVGG, Concordia seated left on throne, holding patera & double cornucopiae.
RSC 1,BMC 287-290
3.023 g, 6h 1 commentsmix_val

001 Orbiana DenariusSALL BARBIA ORBIANA AVG, diademed & draped bust right
CONCORDIA AVGG, Concordia seated left on throne, holding patera & double cornucopiae.
RSC 1,BMC 287-290
3.191 g, 6h. mix_val

001 Orbiana denarius but aeSALL BARBIA ORBIANA AVG, diademed & draped bust right
CONCORDIA AVGG, Concordia seated left on throne, holding patera & double cornucopiae.
Unlisted as AE
2.118 g, 1300h

mix_val

001. Constantine I BarbarianConstantine AE3 Barbarian Constantine I the "Great"ecoli

001. Constantine I BarbarianConstantine AE3 Barbarian Constantine I the "Great"
ecoli

001k. Mark AntonyA partisan for Julius Caesar, who later formed the Second Triumvirate with Octavian and Lepidus. Antony probably was a better politician than soldier. His campaign against Parthia was a debacle. Frequent political conflicts with Octavian, ultimately leading to all-out war between the forces of the two. This culminated with the battle of Actium in 31 BC. After losing, Antony committed suicide. He is a particularly difficult historical figure to assess, given that most of the sources for his actions were written by supporters of Augustus. An interesting contrarian view of the relative virtues of Antony and Octavian is Syme, Ronald (1939). The Roman Revolution. Oxford: Clarendon. Although an older book, it remains available and worth reading for a different perspective.

Coin: AR Denarius. Ephesus mint, 41 BC. M. Barbatius Pollio, moneyer. Obv: M ANT. IMP AVG III VIR. R. PC. M. BARBAT Q P, bare head of Antony right
Rev: CAESAR. IMP. PONT. III. VIR. R. P. C., bare head of Octavian right, in slight beard. Cr517/2lawrence c

001r. AhenobarbusCn. Domitius L. f. Ahenobarbus was an opponent of Julius Caesar, but was pardoned by him. Successful naval commander for Brutus, and then he continued naval operations akin to piracy after Brutus fell. He then reconciled with Marc Antony. He was named consul in 32 BC. He broke with Antony over Cleopatra and defected to Octavian shortly before the battle of Actium in 31 BC. He died about the same time as the battle in which he did not participate. He was the nephew of Cato and the grandfather of Nero.

Coin: AR Denarius. Uncertain mint along the Adriatic or Ionian Sea, 41-40 BC. Bare head right, wearing short beard; AHENOBAR before / Prow right surmounted by a military trophy; CN•DOMITIVS•IMP below. Crawford 519/2; CRI 339; BMCRR East 94-97; RSC Domitia 21. 3.64g, 19mm, 6h. Flan flaw on obverse. The bust on obverse likely is an ancestor of Ahenobarbus. Roma Numismatics Auction 75 Lot 566.lawrence c

004 Orbiana SestertiusSAL BARBIA ORBIANA AVG, diademed and draped bust right
CONCORDIA AVGVSTORVM S-C, Concord seated left holding patera and double cornucopiae.
RIC 655, Cohen 4; BMC 293-6
26.368 g, 12hmix_val

004 Orbiana Sestertius duplicateSAL BARBIA ORBIANA AVG, diademed and draped bust right
CONCORDIA AVGVSTORVM S-C, Concord seated left holding patera and double cornucopiae.
RIC 655, Cohen 4; BMC 293-6
23.705 g, 12h1 commentsmix_val

005 Orbiana As SALL BARBIA ORBIANA AVG, diademed & draped bust right
CONCORDIA AVGVSTORVM, S-C in ex, Concordia seated left on throne, holding patera & double cornucopiae
9.654 g, 6h
Cohen 5, BMC 297-8.
mix_val

005a Orbiana As dupSALL BARBIA ORBIANA AVG, diademed & draped bust right
CONCORDIA AVGVSTORVM, S-C in ex, Concordia seated left on throne, holding patera & double cornucopiae.
Cohen 5, BMC 297-8.
weight, 10.15g; die axis, 6h
Some copper is showing through the patina but the coin is of very good stylemix_val

005d. Agrippina IILYDIA, Hypaepa. Agrippina Jr., mother of Nero. Augusta, 50-59 AD. Æ 14mm (2.33 gm). Draped bust of Agrippina right / Cult statue of Artemis. RPC I 2541; SNG Copenhagen -.

Julia Vipsania Agrippina Minor or Agrippina Minor (Latin for "the younger") (November 7, AD 15 – March 59), often called "Agrippinilla" to distinguish her from her mother, was the daughter of Germanicus and Agrippina Major. She was sister of Caligula, granddaughter and great-niece to Tiberius, niece and wife of Claudius, and the mother of Nero. She was born at Oppidum Ubiorum on the Rhine, afterwards named in her honour Colonia Agrippinae (modern Cologne, Germany).

Agrippina was first married to (1st century AD) Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus. From this marriage she gave birth to Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, who would become Roman Emperor Nero. Her husband died in January, 40. While still married, Agrippina participated openly in her brother Caligula's decadent court, where, according to some sources, at his instigation she prostituted herself in a palace. While it was generally agreed that Agrippinilla, as well as her sisters, had ongoing sexual relationships with their brother Caligula, incest was an oft-used criminal accusation against the aristocracy, because it was impossible to refute successfully. As Agrippina and her sister became more problematic for their brother, Caligula sent them into exile for a time, where it is said she was forced to dive for sponges to make a living. In January, 41, Agrippina had a second marriage to the affluent Gaius Sallustius Crispus Passienus. He died between 44 and 47, leaving his estate to Agrippina.

As a widow, Agrippina was courted by the freedman Pallas as a possible marriage match to her own uncle, Emperor Claudius, and became his favourite councillor, even granted the honor of being called Augusta (a title which no other queen had ever received). They were married on New Year's Day of 49, after the death of Claudius's first wife Messalina. Agrippina then proceeded to persuade Claudius to adopt her son, thereby placing Nero in the line of succession to the Imperial throne over Claudius's own son, Brittanicus. A true Imperial politician, Agrippina did not reject murder as a way to win her battles. Many ancient sources credited her with poisoning Claudius in 54 with a plate of poisened mushrooms, hence enabling Nero to quickly take the throne as emperor.

For some time, Agrippina influenced Nero as he was relatively ill-equipped to rule on his own. But Nero eventually felt that she was taking on too much power relative to her position as a woman of Rome. He deprived her of her honours and exiled her from the palace, but that was not enough. Three times Nero tried to poison Agrippina, but she had been raised in the Imperial family and was accustomed to taking antidotes. Nero had a machine built and attached to the roof of her bedroom. The machine was designed to make the ceiling collapse — the plot failed with the machine. According to the historians Tacitus and Suetonius, Nero then plotted her death by sending for her in a boat constructed to collapse, intending to drown Agrippina. However, only some of the crew were in on the plot; their efforts were hampered by the rest of the crew trying to save the ship. As the ship sank, one of her handmaidens thought to save herself by crying that she was Agrippina, thinking they would take special care of her. Instead the maid was instantly beaten to death with oars and chains. The real Agrippina realised what was happening and in the confusion managed to swim away where a passing fisherman picked her up. Terrified that his cover had been blown, Nero instantly sent men to charge her with treason and summarily execute her. Legend states that when the Emperor's soldiers came to kill her, Agrippina pulled back her clothes and ordered them to stab her in the belly that had housed such a monstrous son.

ecoli

006 Orbiana Sestertius SALL BARBIA ORBIANA AVG, diademed & draped bust right
CONCORDIA AVGVSTORVM, S C in exergue, Severus Alexander standing right, holding role & clasping hands with Orbiana, veiled, standing left.
Cohen 6, BMC 299-301
16.865 g, 12h 1 commentsmix_val

01-01 - As Emision Anonima (211 - 206 A.C.)AE AS 34 mm 34.1 gr
Anv: Cabeza bifronte barbada y laureada de Jano - "I" (Marca de valor = 1 AS) sobre la cabeza.
Rev: Proa de galera a derecha - "ROMA" debajo e "I" en campo derecho.

Ceca: Roma
Referencias: Sear RCTV Vol.1 #627 Pag.191 - Craw RRC #56/2 - Syd CRR #143 - BMCRR #217mdelvalle

01-02 - Semis Emision Anonima (211 - 206 A.C.)AE Semis 28 mm 17.7 gr
Anv: Cabeza barbada y laureada de Saturno viendo a derecha - "S" (Marca de valor = Semis = 1/2 AS) detrás de la cabeza.
Rev: Proa de galera a derecha - "ROMA" debajo y "S" en campo superior.

Ceca: Roma
Referencias: Sear RCTV Vol.1 #766 Pag.207 - Craw RRC #56/3 - Syd CRR #144a - BMCRR #229 - Hannover #597 1 commentsmdelvalle

010 - Constans (237-250 AD), AE 2 - RIC 92Obv: D N CONSTANS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust left, globe in hand.
Rev: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier draging barbarian from hut under tree.
Minted in Constantinople (CONSI* in exe, gamma in left upper field) 347-348 AD.1 commentspierre_p77

010 Anund JacobPenny of Anund Jacob, king of Sweden 1022-1050
Mint: Sigtuna
Moneyer: Thormoth
Lagerqvist 9
Malmer 14.310/1252, chain 204
O: ANVN D REX SI
R: DORMOD ON SIHTV

King Anund Jacob of Sweden was born as just Jacob to king Olof "Skötkonung" of Sweden and Queen Estrid , his parents had converted to Christianity prior to his birth and gave their son a Christian biblical name. Sweden was only just adopting Christianity at this time, and the name Jacob was not very recognizable or acceptable to the Swedes, so he was also named Anund, and is remembered to history by this name. He became a co-ruler with his father late in Olof's reign, and became king in 1022. Despite a long reign (1022-1050), Anund's history is poorly remembered.

He did produce coins, but the volume of coinage seemed to take a sharp decline after Olof's death, and would cease altogether at some point during Anund's reign. Coins of Olof are by no means common, but those in the name of Anund are very rare. Anund's coins take three main flavors-
1- Those in his name imitating Aethelred's long cross type
2- Those in his name imitating Cnut's pointed helmet type
3- Blundered coins that die link or stylistically link to the above two

There is the likelihood that much if not all of his coinage was produced in the first few years of his reign, and may have ceased by 1030. The coins were probably all produced at Sigtuna.

Anund is remembered to history as "Kolbränna" or "coal-burner". Sadly, this was not because he cooked a mean steak on the barbecue. Rather, it presumably is due to his tactic of burning down the houses of his enemies. Keep in mind that this was probably not just an act of property vandalism. If you've read "Njáls saga", an Icelandic saga, you might recall the climax of the story, when the protagonist's house is burned by his enemies with the family still inside. This was a raiding tactic familiar to the Nordic people. A force would besiege a house, or hall, or fort, where people lived and farmed, and set the building on fire. Women and young children were usually permitted to leave, but the men would not be allowed exit and die by fire. This is brutal medieval Viking era stuff. This is our Anund 🙂

Ex- Antykwariat Numizmatyczny Michal Niemczyk Auction 38 (lot 2878)St. George's Collection

015 - Claudius Ae AS - BarbarousAe AS
Obv:- TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP, bare head left
Rev:- CONSTANTIAE AVGVSTI S-C, Constantia, helmeted and in military dress, standing left, holding long spear in left hand
Minted in Rome. A.D. 41-50
Reference:- RIC 95, Cohen 14, BMC 140

The style looks a little crude and the legends lack uniformity though are quite legible. It is also light, weighing in at only 7.85 gms. The die orientation is 180 degrees.

Would appear to be an ancient imitation.2 commentsmaridvnvm

019a. Marcus AureliusCaesar 139-161. Emperor 161-180.

40 years old at accession. Spent much of reign on campaigns against barbarians. Probably better known today as a philosopher.lawrence c

02-10 - M. ATILIUS SARANUS (148 A.C.)AE AS 29 mm 20.4 gr
Anv: Cabeza bifronte barbada y laureada de Jano - "I" (Marca de valor = 1 AS) sobre la cabeza.
Rev: Proa de galera a derecha - "M.ATILI" arriba, "ROMA" debajo e "I" en campo derecho.

Ceca: Roma
Referencias: Sear RCTV Vol.1 #727 Pag.200 - Craw RRC #214/2a - Syd CRR #399 - BMCRR #692mdelvalle

02-10 - M. ATILIUS SARANUS (148 A.C.)AE AS 29 mm 20.4 gr
Anv: Cabeza bifronte barbada y laureada de Jano - "I" (Marca de valor = 1 AS) sobre la cabeza.
Rev: Proa de galera a derecha - "M.ATILI" arriba, "ROMA" debajo e "I" en campo derecho.

Ceca: Roma

Referencias: Sear RCTV Vol.1 #727 Pag.200 - Craw RRC #214/2a - Syd CRR #399 - BMCRR #692mdelvalle

02-20 - Q. CAECILIUS METELLUS PIUS SCIPIO (47-46 A.C.) Quinto Cecilio Metelo Pio Corneliano Escipión Nasica
AR Denarius 18.2 mm 3.94 gr

Anv: "Q.METEL" sobre la Cabeza laureada de Jupiter viendo a derecha, barba y cabello rizado, "PIVS" debajo.
Rev: "SCIPIO" sobre un elefante avanzando hacia la derecha, "IMP" en exergo.

Escipión fue un comandante pompeyano de las fuerzas anti-Cesáreas. Fruto de esta colaboración fue el matrimonio de Pompeyo con su hija Cornelia (52 a. C.), que se convirtió en su quinta mujer.
Su sede se ubicaba en la capital provincial de Utica, cerca de Cartago, y esta es probablemente la ceca de la acuñación. Derrotado por las fuerzas de César, Escipión se suicidó en el año 46 A.C..

Acuñada durante los años 47 - 46 A.C.
Ceca: Utica - Norte de Africa

Referencias: Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1379 Pag.262 - Craw RRC #459/1 - Syd CRR #1046 - BMCRR (Africa) #1 - Vagi #77 - RSC Vol.1 Caecilia 47 Pag.21 - Babelon I #47 Pag.278mdelvalle

03 - 04 - Virreynato FELIPE V (1700-1746) "Macuquina con PLVS VLTRA y Columnas sobre ondas de Mar"

1 Real de Plata Ley 917
20x18 mm

Anv: PHILIPPVS V D G HISPANIARVM REX (Felipe V por la gracia de Dios rey de las Españas) la leyenda, al tratarse de una macuquina, no es visible, alrededor de la cruz de Jerusalén con castillos y leones, con I (valor) encima, P (ceca) en campo izq., Y (Ensayador) en campo der. y 704 (fecha) debajo.
Rev: POTOSI EL PERV 1704 La leyenda, al tratarse de una macuquina, no es visible, alrededor de las 2 columnas y entre ellas en 3 líneas valor I entre P (marca de la ceca) e Y (ensayador), 2ª línea PLVS VLTRA, 3ª línea 704 entre Y (ensayador) y P (ceca).

Acuñada: 1704
Ensayador: Y - Diego de Ybarbouro
Ceca: Potosí - Hoy ubicada en Bolivia

Referencias: Maravedis.net #B-042-4mdelvalle

03-01 - MARCO ANTONIO y OCTAVIO (43 - 30 A.C.)2do. Triunvirato (43 - 30 A.C.)
AR Denario 17 x 18 mm 2.5 gr.

Anv: Cabeza desnuda de MARCO ANTONIO viendo a derecha - "M ANT·IMP AVG III VIR R·PC·M·BARBAT Q P" Leyenda alrededor del busto.
Rev: Cabeza desnuda de un joven e inmaduro OCTAVIO con incipiente barba viendo a derecha - "CAESAR·IMP·PONT·III·VIR·R·P·C·" Leyenda alrededor del busto.

Acuñada primavera/verano 41 A.C.
Ceca: Ephesus - Hoy Turquía
Moneyer: Barbatius Pollio

Referencias: Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1504 Pag.289 - Sear CRI #243 - Craw RRC #517/2 - Syd CRR #1181 - BMCRR (este) #100 - RSC Vol.1 #8a Pag.128 - Cohen Vol.1 #8 Pag.50 - Kestner #3793
mdelvalle

031. Orbiana, 225-227. AR Denarius. Rome mint.Sallustia Barbia Orbiana 225-227. AR Denarius. Rome mint. 2.83g.
Obv: SALL BARBIA ORBIANA AVG, diademed and draped bust right.
Rev: CONCORDIA AVGG, Concordia seated left, holding patera and cornucopiae.
RIC 3197 commentsLordBest

031c01. OrbianaDenarius. Obv: SALL BARBIA ORBIANA AVG, diademed & draped bust right. Rev: CONCORDIA AVGG, Concordia seated left on throne, holding patera & double cornucopiae. RIC 319, RSC 1.lawrence c

035 Antoninus Pius (138-161 A.D.), AR-Denarius, RIC III 064, Rome, CLEMENTIA-AVG, Clementia standing, Barbar !!!035 Antoninus Pius (138-161 A.D.), AR-Denarius, RIC III 064, Rome, CLEMENTIA-AVG, Clementia standing, Barbar !!!
avers:- ANTONINVS-AVG-PIVS-PP-TR-P-COS-III, Laureate head right.
revers:- CL(E)MN-EN-TIA-AVG, Clementia standing holding patera and scepter.
exrg: -/-//--, diameter: 16mm, weight: 2,52g, axis: 6h,
mint: Rome, date:140-144 A.D., ref: RIC-III-64-p-34, C-124, (Barbar !!!)
Q-0011 commentsquadrans

035 Antoninus Pius (138-161 A.D.), RIC III 0064cvar., Rome, AR-Denarius, CLEMENTIA AVG, Clementia standing, Barbar Imitatio !!!035 Antoninus Pius (138-161 A.D.), RIC III 0064cvar., Rome, AR-Denarius, CLEMENTIA AVG, Clementia standing, Barbar Imitatio !!!
avers:- ANTONINVS-AVG-PIVS-P-P-TR-P-COS-III, Laureate head right.
revers:- CL(E)MN-EN-TIA-AVG, Clementia standing holding patera and scepter.
exrg: -/-//--, diameter: 16mm, weight: 2,52g, axis: 6h,
mint: Rome, date:140-144 A.D., ref: RIC-III-64cvar.-p-33, C-124, (Barbar Imitatio !!!)
Q-0012 commentsquadrans

037ai Marcus Aurelius (139-161 A.D. as Caesar, 161-180 A.D. as Augustus), AR-Denarius, RIC III 0429a (imitacio)(Ant.Pius), Rome, IIONOS, Honos standing facing, #1037ai Marcus Aurelius (139-161 A.D. as Caesar, 161-180 A.D. as Augustus), AR-Denarius, RIC III 0429a (imitacio)(Ant.Pius), Rome, IIONOS, Honos standing facing, #1
avers: IVAIIIVCCAR TAIIAVCIIII, bare head right. (Confused text)
reverse: IIONOS, Honos standing facing, head left, holding branch, and cornucopiae.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,5mm, weight: 25,7g, axis: 6h,
mint: Rome, date: A.D.,
ref: RIC III. 0429a (imitacio)(Ant.Pius), p- , RSC-,
Q-001quadrans

041 GermanicusGermanicus, Caesar
Died 10 Oct 19 A.D.

Æ As struck under Claudius. GERMANICVS CAESAR TI AVG F DIVI AVG N, bare head right / TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG GERM P M TR P IMP P P around S-C

Fair, 8.138g, 27.4mm, 180*, Rome min, 42 A.D., S 1905, RIC 106, BMC 215 ex Forvm ex Bill D.

"Germanicus inflicted serious defeats on the barbarian tribes in Germania and recovered the legionary standards lost by Varus. He was to be Tiberius' successor, but died of and unknown cause. His tremendous popularity helped his son Caligula ontain the throne after Tiberius died."

-----

"Such virtuous conduct brought Germanicus rich rewards. He was so deeply respected and loved by all his kindred that Augustus - I need hardly mention his other relatives - wondered for a long time wether to make him his successor, but at last ordered Tiberius to adopt him."Randygeki(h2)

049 - Faustina Senior - Barbarous denarius - AVGVSTA?Barbarous Denarius
Obv:- FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, Draped bust right
Rev:- AVGVSTA?, Aeternitas standing holding sceptre4 commentsmaridvnvm

049 Septimius Severus (193-211 A.D.), Barbar-Imitatio, RIC IV-I -, AR-Denarius, ADVENTI AVG FELICISSIMO ???, Emperor riding right, #1049 Septimius Severus (193-211 A.D.), Barbar-Imitatio, RIC IV-I -, AR-Denarius, ADVENTI AVG FELICISSIMO ???, Emperor riding right, #1
avers: IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG (???), Laurate bust right.
reverse: ADVENTI AVG FELICISSIMO (???), Emperor riding right.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,5mm, weight: 2,59g, axis: 6h ,
mint: Barbar-Imitatio (???), date: A.D.,
ref: RIC IV-I (74?), p-, RSC-, S-, (???)
Q-001quadrans

049 Septimius Severus (193-211 A.D.), Barbar-Imitatio, RIC IV-I -, AR-Denarius, MARTI VICTORI, Mars walking right, #1049 Septimius Severus (193-211 A.D.), Barbar-Imitatio, RIC IV-I -, AR-Denarius, MARTI VICTORI, Mars walking right, #1
avers: ... L SEPT SEV PERT AVG ... (???), Laureate bust right.
reverse: MARTI VICTORI, Mars walking right, holding spear and trophy.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,5-17,0mm, weight: 1,78g, axis: 6h,
mint: Barbar-Imitatio (???), date: A.D.,
ref: RIC IV-I (???), p-, RSC-, S-, (???)
Q-001quadrans

05-01 - Cn.DOMITIUS L.f. AHENOBARBUS (42 - 36 A.C.) Gneo Domicio Enobarbo bisabuelo de Nerón, político y militar .
AR Denarius 18x21 mm 3.8 gr

Anv: Cabeza masculina barbada viendo a derecha - "AHENOBAR" delante del busto.
Rev: Trofeo militar con 2 lanzas y escudo, sobre una proa de galera. "CN·DOMITIVS·IMP".

Acuñada en el 41 A.C.
Ceca móvil militar probablemente en la región de los mares Adriático ó Jónico.

Referencias: Sear RCTV I #1456 Pag.279, Craw RRC #519/2, Syd CRR #1177, BMCRR (East)#94, RSC I Domitia 21 Pag.45, Sear CRI #339, Babelon I Domitia 21 Pag.467, Catalli #841, Albert #1648mdelvalle

054a10. Claudius GothicusClaudius II Gothicus. Imitative of Salus reverse.lawrence c

060a Orbiana. AR denariusobv: SALL BARBIA_ORBIANA AVG dia. and drp. bust r.
rev: CONCORDI_A AVGG Concordia seated l. holding patera and double cournucopiae
"Wife of Severus Alexander" 1 commentshill132

060b Orbiana. AR denariusobv: SALL BARBIA ORBIANA AVG dia. and drp. bust r.
rev: CONCORDI_A AVGG corncordia seated l. holding patera and double cornucopiae2 commentshill132

063 Orbiana ( 225-227 A.D. Augusta), RIC IV-II 319v.(base metal!), Rome, "Limes" Denarius, CONCORDIA AVG G, Concordia seated left on throne, #1063 Orbiana ( 225-227 A.D. Augusta), RIC IV-II 319v.(base metal!), Rome, "Limes" Denarius, CONCORDIA AVG G, Concordia seated left on throne, #1
Wife of Severus Alexander.
avers: SALL BARBIA ORBIANA AVG, Diademed and draped bust right.
reverse: CONCORDI A AVG G, Concordia seated left on throne, holding patera and single(!) cornucopiae.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 18,0-19,5mm, weight: 2,66g, axis: 6h,
mint: Rome, date: 225-226 A.D., ref: RIC IV-II 319v.(single cornucopiae!, base metal!), RSC 1v., BMC 287v., Sear 8191v.
Q-001quadrans

064 - Septimius Severus Barbarous denarius (fouree core)Obv:- IMP CAE L SEP SEVRTIVS COS II, Laureate head right
Rev:- VICT AVG, Victory walking left, holding wreath in right hand, palm in left
Copying a coin minted in Emesa. A.D. 194 - 195
Ref:– copying RIC IV 424 maridvnvm

064 - Septimius Severus barbarous denarius - copies RIC - (cf 484(a) Barbarous Denarius
Obv:– L SEPT SEVE PERT AVG IMP VIII, laureate head right
Rev:– MONE AVG, Moneta standing left, holding scales and cornucopiae
Barbarous copy imitating coins minted in Laodicea-ad-Mare. A.D. 196-197
Reference:– Copies similar to BMC 448 Note (citing Cohen 332 (no authority cited)). RIC - (cf 484(a) (rated S)). Cohen 3322 commentsmaridvnvm

064 - Septimius Severus Barbarous Fouree denariusObv:- SEVERVS PIVS AVG, Laureate head right
Rev:- MINERV SANCT, Minerva standing left holding shield and inverted spear
Fouree with barbarous style using a reverse type not used in Rome for this emperormaridvnvm

064 - Septimius Severus Barbarous Imitation denariusObv:- L SEPT SEV PE-RT AVG IMP I - I or VII-I, laureate head right
Rev:- VICTORIA AVGVSTI, Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm.
Ancient imitation which apparently copies the style of Laodicea-ad-Maremaridvnvm

064 - Septimius Severus barbarous imitation denariusDenarius
Obv:- IMV (sic) CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG, Laureate head right
Rev:- LEG II ADIVT / TR P COS, Legionary eagle between two standards
Barbarous imitation of coins minted in Rome. A.D. 193
Reference:- cf RIC 5 1 commentsmaridvnvm

064 - Septimius Severus barbarous imitation denarius - copies RIC 428Obv:– IMP CAE L SEPT ERT AVT COS II, Laureate head right
Rev:– VICTOR SEV-E-R AVG, Victory walking left, holding wreath in right hand, palm in left
Minted in unofficial mint
Reference:– copies (BMCRE 399. RIC IV 428 (S). RSC 749 )maridvnvm

064 - Septimius Severus Barbarous/Imitative DenariusObv:– IMP CAE L SEP SE_V PERT AVG COS II, Laureate head right
Rev:– BO...-ETOIVC, Fides standing left, basket of fruit in right hand, corn ears in left
Copies a coin minted in Emesa. A.D. 194-195
Reference:– cf RIC IV 369

Ex Zach Beastley (Beast) collectionmaridvnvm

064 - Septimius Severus Barbarous/Imitative DenariusObv:–IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG COS II, Laureate head right
Rev:– T R P III IMP V COS II, Two captives seated at base of trophy
Copies a coin minted in Emesa. A.D. 194-195
Reference:– cf RIC IV 435maridvnvm

064 - Septimius Severus Barbarous/Imitative Denarius Obv:– IMP CAE L SEPT ERT AVT COS II, Laureate head right
Rev:– IOVL SER ?? AVG, Jupiter?, seated left
Copies an emesa mint issue1 commentsmaridvnvm

064 - Septimius Severus Barbarous/Imitative DenariusObv:– IMP C L SEPTIMIV - S AVG [....], Laureate bust right
Rev:– PACI AI - GOSTI, Securitas seated left, resting left arm on chair, holding globe in right handmaridvnvm

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