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Image search results - "Aquileia"
Julian-7.jpg
JVLIAN II - AE3 - 355/360 - Aquileia mint
Obv.: D N CL IVLIANVS NOB CAES, draped & cuirassed bust right
Rev.: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier spearing fallen horseman. AQT in ex.
Gs. 2,5 mm. 16,7
RIC 213
Maxentius
Randy.JPG
Falling horsemanAll 15 official mints.
Alexandria
Amiens
Antioch
Aquileia
Arles
Constantinople
Cyzicus
Heraclea
Lyons
Nicomedia
Rome
Sirmium
Siscia
Thessalonica
Trier
Barbaous Mint

Updated coins with a new background (thanks Jay!)
1 commentsRandygeki(h2)
valens12.jpg
Valens, RIC IX 12b AquileiaValens, AE3, 367-375 CE.
Obverse: D N VALENS P F AVG, pearl diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right
Reverse: SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE, Victory advancing lert, holding wreath and palm.
Mintmark SMAQP Aquileia, 17.5 mm, 2.4 g.

NORMAN K
Maximian_RIC_Aquileia_29b_tflip.jpg
2 MaximianMAXIMIANUS
AE1 Follis. 300 AD
IMP MAXIMIANVS P F AVG, laureate head right / SACRA MONET AVGG ET CAESS NOSTR, Moneta standing left, holding scales & cornucopia, AQP in ex.
RIC Aquileia 29b
Sosius
001638_l.jpg
7 MaxentiusMAXENTIUS
AE Follis (24-27 mm, 5.96 g)
Aquileia Mint, late Summer 307.

O: IMP C MAXENTIVS P F AVG, Laureate head right.

R: CONSERV VRB SVAE, Roma seated l. on shield in tetrastyle temple, r. handing globe to Maxentius (in military dress, stading r.), l. hand holding sceptre; seated captive between;

Victories as acroteria; she-wolf and twins in pediment; AQP in ex.

RIC VI Aquileia 113.

Dark patina. Extremely fine.

Ex Auctiones GmbH
3 commentsSosius
Arcadius-Aquileia-RIC47d-2.JPG
Arcadius-Aquileia-RIC47d-2AE4, Aquileia mint 383-388AD
Obverse: DN ARCADIVS PF AVG, Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Reverse:VICTORIA AVGGG, Two Victories facing with wreaths.
SMAQS in exergue
RIC 47d
13mm, 1.4 gms.
Jerome Holderman
constansaqs.jpg
Constans, RIC VIII 79 AquileiaObverse: CONSTAN-S PF AVG, laurel and rosette-diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right
Reverse: VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN, Two Victories facing each other with wreaths and palms
Mintmark: dot AQS, 15.5 mm., 1.1 g.
NORMAN K
aqp.jpg
Constantius II, RIC VII 145, Aquileia, 337-361 CEObverse: FL IVL CONSTANTIVS NOB C, laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right.
Reverse:GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS, two soldiers holding spears and shields with one standard between them.
Mintmark: dot AQP, Aquileia 15.5 mm., 1.6 g.
RIC VII Aquileia 145
NORMAN K
gallien_providentia_res.jpg
(0253) GALLIENUS253-268 AD
AE 20 mm, 2.49 g
O: GALLIENVS AVG radiate bust right
R: PROVID AVG Providentia standing left holding globe and transverse scepter; AQS in exe
Aquileia mint
laney
maxentius_temple_bk_res.jpg
(0306) MAXENTIUS306 - 312 AD
AE Follis 25 mm
O: IMP C MAXENTIVS P F AVG laureate head right
R: CONSERV VRB SVAE Roma steated in hexastyle temple holding globe and scepter
Aquileia mint
laney
constantius_ii_ft_aq_s_res.jpg
(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 18 mm, 1.96 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horseman; II in left field; AQS in exe.
Aquileia mint
laney
GRATIAN_CONC_B_10_08.jpg
(0367) GRATIAN--CONCORDIA367-383 AD
AE 17.5 mm 2.46 g
O: DN GRATIANVS PF AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right
R: CONCORDIA AVGGG, Roma seated facing, head left, on throne, nolding globe and reversed spear
SMAQP in exe
Aquileia
RIC IX 32 (a) Scarce
laney
theodosius_ii_salus.jpg
(0379) THEODOSIUS I379 - 395 AD
AE 13 mm, 1.62 g
O: Pearl diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right
R: SALVS REIPVBLICAE. Victory advancing left with trophy & captive; Chi-Rho in l. field; AQS in exe.
Aquileia mint
laney
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001. VRBS ROMA AquileiaRIC VII Aquileia 122 R2
ecoli
coins476.JPG
001b. Crispus Aquileia VotaRIC VII Aquileia 89 R2
ecoli
coin484.JPG
001b. Crispus Aquileia VotaRIC VII Aquileia 108 S
ecoli
coins145.JPG
002. CONSTANTINOPOLIS AquileiaRIC VII Aquileia 129
ecoli
Arcadius_58c.jpg
0059 Arcadius - AE 4Aquileia
388-393 AD
pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right
D N ARCADI_VS P F AVG
Victory advancing left, holding trophy and dragging captive
SALVS REI_PVBLICAE
(XP)
AQS
RIC IX Aquileia 58c
1,01g 10,5mm
J. B.
02-Claudius-II-The-26.jpg
02. Claudius II: Thessalonica fractional.AE3 fractional (half follis?), 317-18, Thessalonica mint.
Obverse: DIVO CLAVDIO OPTIMO IMP / Veiled bust of Claudius II, Gothicus.
Reverse: REQVIES OPTIMORVM MERITORVM / Emperor seated on curule chair, raising right hand and holding sceptre.
Mint mark:: . TS . Γ .
1.35 gm., 16 mm.
RIC #26; PBCC #906; Sear #16399.

Around the years 317 - 318, Constantine issued commemorative coins honoring three deified emperors: Claudius II Gothicus, Constantius I, and Maximian. It is not real clear when these coins were issued, but RIC assigns them to the years 317-18 saying there is evidence they were issued near or at the end of the Sol coinage. They are small AE3 in size (16 mm), but on flans that are much thinner and weigh significantly less than other coins of the period. Therefore they are generally regarded as fractionals. They were minted at Treveri, Arelate, Rome, Aquileia, Siscia, and Thessalonica.

Why these three emperors? Constantine claimed Claudius II Gothicus was one of his ancestors (probably not true). Constantius I was Constantine's father, and Maximian was the father of Constantine's wife, Fausta.

Callimachus
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03. Constantius I: Thessalonica fractional.AE3 fractional (half follis?), 317-18, Thessalonica mint.
Obverse: DIVO CONSTANTIO PIO PRINCIPI / Veiled bust of Constantius I.
Reverse: REQVIES OPTIMORVM MERITORVM / Emperor seated on curule chair, raising right hand and holding sceptre.
Mint mark: . T . SB .
1.78 gm., 16 mm.
RIC #25; PBCC #908; Sear unlisted.

Around the years 317 - 318, Constantine issued commemorative coins honoring three deified emperors: Claudius II Gothicus, Constantius I, and Maximian. It is not real clear when these coins were issued, but RIC assigns them to the years 317-18 saying there is evidence they were issued near or at the end of the Sol coinage. They are small AE3 in size (16 mm), but on flans that are much thinner and weigh significantly less than other coins of the period. Therefore they are generally regarded as fractionals. They were minted at Treveri, Arelate, Rome, Aquileia, Siscia, and Thessalonica.

Why these three emperors? Constantine claimed Claudius II Gothicus was one of his ancestors (probably not true). Constantius I was Constantine's father, and Maximian was the father of Constantine's wife, Fausta.

Callimachus
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032a. Maximinus I ThraxAugustus 19 March 235 - May/June 238

Of Dacian (Carpi tribe) background. First non-senatorial or non-equestrian class emperor. Reportedly very large and strong. Despised by Roman senators, who backed usurpers to him. Killed by own troops at siege of Aquileia as he was marching to Rome to restore power.

Coin: Denarius. Obv: MAXIMINVS PIVS AVG GERM, laureate bust right. Rev: VICTORIA GERM, Victory standing left with wreath & palm, captive at feet. RSC 107. RIC 23.
lawrence c
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04 Constantius Gallus
DN CONSTANTIVS IVN NOB C
bare-headed, draped, cuirassed bust right; A behind bust
FEL TEMP RE-PARATIO
bare-headed, reaching,LXXII left, wreath in center
AQP in ex
Aquileia 198
1 commentsRandygeki(h2)
022.JPG
04 Constantius IIConstantius II AE3. D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right / FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier spearing fallen horseman who is bare-headed, reaching backwards; II in left field, AQP in ex.
Aquileia 212
1 commentsRandygeki(h2)
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04 Constantius IID N CONSTAN-TIVS P F AVG, diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right, A behind/ FEL TEMP RE-PARATIO soldier spearing falling enemy horseman, hair straight up, reaching backwards, LXXII to left, S between AQS in ex.
RIC Aquileia 193


"The reverse mark LXXII refers to the a standard of 72 coins to the pound. The gold solidus and silver light miliarense were both also struck at this c. 4.5 gram standard."
Randygeki(h2)
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04 Constantius IIDN CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG, PDC, A behind/ Phrygian helmet, sitting on ground, arm(s) up, A in left field. AQT dot in ex

Aquileia 113/147
1 commentsRandygeki(h2)
IMG_3760.jpg
04 Constantius II23 mm , 5,17g.
DN CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG
pearl-diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right, A behind.

FEL TEMP RE-PARATIO
Soldier spearing horseman, Phrygian helmet, sitting on ground, arm(s) up, Star in left field

AQS Dot in ex.

RIC Aquileia 153
(horseman type corrected, acc. to RIC VIII p. 548, "Addenda and Corrigenda")
4 commentsRandygeki(h2)
IMG_4198.jpg
04 Constantius IIConstantius II AE3. D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right / FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier spearing fallen horseman who is bare-headed, reaching backwards; LXXII left /Chi-Rho in centr, AQT in ex Aquileia 1951 commentsRandygeki(h2)
IMG_4420.jpg
04 Constantius IIDN CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG
pearl-diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right
FEL TEMP RE-PARATIO
Soldier spearing a horseman, Phrygian helmet, forward on ground, on hands and knees
AQS dot / star in right field
25 mm 4.38 g
Aquileia 96
1 commentsRandygeki(h2)
04-Maximianus-Sis-41.jpg
04. Maximian: Siscia fractional.AE3 fractional (half follis?), 317-18, Siscia mint.
Obverse: DIVO MAXIMIANO SEN FORT IMP / Veiled bust of Maximian.
Reverse: REQVIES OPTIMORVM MERITORVM / Emperor seated on curule chair, raising right hand and holding sceptre.
Mint mark: SIS
1.61 gm., 15mm.
RIC #41; PBCC #838; Sear #16412.

Around the years 317 - 318, Constantine issued commemorative coins honoring three deified emperors: Claudius II Gothicus, Constantius I, and Maximian. It is not real clear when these coins were issued, but RIC assigns them to the years 317-18 saying there is evidence they were issued near or at the end of the Sol coinage. They are small AE3 in size (16 mm), but on flans that are much thinner and weigh significantly less than other coins of the period. Therefore they are generally regarded as fractionals. They were minted at Treveri, Arelate, Rome, Aquileia, Siscia, and Thessalonica.

Why these three emperors? Constantine claimed Claudius II Gothicus was one of his ancestors (probably not true). Constantius I was Constantine's father, and Maximian was the father of Constantine's wife, Fausta.

Callimachus
dioa.jpg
073a03. DiocletianAE Follis. Aquileia. AD 299. Obv: IMP DIOCLETIANVS PF AVG, laureate head right. Rev: GENIO POPV-LI-ROMANI, Genio standing left, modius on head, naked except for chlamys over left shoulder, holding patera over tripod altar, and cornucopiae. Mintmark: AQS. RIC VI Aquileia 27a; Sear 12774.lawrence c
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074hill132
aquileia1.jpg
075 Magnus Maximus. AE4obv: DN MAG MA_XIMVS PF AVG pearl dia. drp. cuir. bust r.
rev: SPES RO_MA_NORVM campgate with two turrents star above
ex: SMAQS
1 commentshill132
aquileia2.jpg
076 Magnus maximus. AE4obv: DN MAG MA_XIMVS PF AVG pearl dia. drp. cuir. bust r.
rev: SPES RO_MA NORVM campgate with two turrents star above
ex: SMAQP
hill132
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081a. MaxentiusSon of Maximianus. Along with Constantine, passed over for rank of Caesar when Diocletian and Maximianus abdicated. Proclaimed emperor by soldiers in Rome in 306. Galerius refused to recognize this. Severus marched on Rome, but was defeated by Maxentius. Maxentius later defeated Galerius. Lost battle of Milvian Bridge to Constantine in 312, and drowned while trying to escape.

Coin: AE2. 25mm, 5.07 g. Aquileia. Obv: IMP C MAXENTIVS P F AVG, laureate head right. Rev: CONSERV VRB SVAE, Roma seated left in tetrastyle temple presenting globe to Maxentius, captive seated between; wolf and twins in pediment, Victories each holding a wreath as acroteria. Mintmark AQP. RIC VI Aquileia 113; Cohen 42; Sear 14992.
lawrence c
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081a03. MaxentiusAE2. 25mm, 5.07 g. Aquileia. Obv: IMP C MAXENTIVS P F AVG, laureate head right. Rev: CONSERV VRB SVAE, Roma seated left in tetrastyle temple presenting globe to Maxentius, captive seated between; wolf and twins in pediment, Victories each holding a wreath as acroteria. Mintmark AQP. RIC VI Aquileia 113; Cohen 42; Sear 14992.
lawrence c
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083c04. CrispusAE follis. 20mm, 3.02 g. Aquileia mint. 316-317 AD. Obv: CRISPVS NOB CAES, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right. Rev: PRINCIPIA IVVENTVTIS, Crispus in military dress, standing left with vertical spear, resting right hand on a shield at his side. Mintmark AQT. RIC VII Aquileia 9.lawrence c
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085a03. Maximinus II DaiaAE Follis. 21.8mm, 2.50 g. Aquileia mint. 312-313 AD. Obv: IMP MAXIMINVS PF AVG, laureate head right. Rev: GENIO A-VGVSTIM, Genius standing left, modius on head, naked except for chlamys over left shoulder (falls low), holding patera and cornucopia. Tripod altar left. Mintmark AQS. RIC VI 130. A FORUM coin.lawrence c
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087a. Constantine IIEldest son of Constantine. Made Caesar in 317 at age one. Became emperor along with his brothers in 337, and massacred most of their relatives who might become a threat. Constantine took rule over Gaul, Britannia, and Hispania. Became involved in the orthodox-Arian religious struggle. Decided that his territory was not sufficient for the eldest of the family, and fought Constans. Killed in an ambush outside Aquileia in 340.

Coin: As Caesar. Follis. Siscia. 20 mm, 3.24 g. Obv: CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust left, holding Victory on globe. Rev: VIRTVS EXERCIT / S-F HL / BSIS (star). Two captives seated at base of standard inscribed VOT X in two lines. RIC 126
lawrence c
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088a. DelmatiusCaesar under Constantine, 335-337. Nephew of Constantine. He came from the Theodora branch of the family that was purged after Constantine's death, and he was murdered by the sons of Constantine.

Coin: AE Follis. 17.8mm, 1.53 g. Aquileia mint. 336-337 AD. Obv: FL DELMATIVS NOB C, laureate, draped, & cuirassed bust right. Rev: Two soldiers standing facing each other, each holding a spear and resting hand on a shield, one standard between them. Mintmark dot AQS.
LRBC 6781; RIC VII Aquileia 147; Sear 16891. A FORUM coin.
lawrence c
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088a01. DelmatiusAE Follis. 17.8mm, 1.53 g. Aquileia mint. 336-337 AD. Obv: FL DELMATIVS NOB C, laureate, draped, & cuirassed bust right. Rev: Two soldiers standing facing each other, each holding a spear and resting hand on a shield, one standard between them. Mintmark dot AQS.
LRBC 6781; RIC VII Aquileia 147; Sear 16891. A FORUM coin.
lawrence c
IMG_2755.JPG
1 ConstansCONSTANS

4.39g. 24 mm

Obv: D N CONSTANS P F AVG.
Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right; A to left.
Rev: FEL TEMP REPARATIO .
Constans standing left in galley, holding crowning Victory on globe and labarum with Chi-Rho; A to left; to right, Victory steering galley left. AQP dot in ex

Aquileia
RIC 117.
4 commentsRandygeki(h2)
06f-Constantine-Aqu-RIC-117.jpg
1.19 Constantine as Caesar; Aquileia follis.Follis,  late Summer 307, Aquileia mint.

Obverse: CONSTANTINVS NOB CAES  /  Laureate bust of Constantine.
Reverse: CONSERV VRB SVAE  / Roma seated in hexrastyle temple, holding globe and  sceptre; wreath on pediment.
Mint mark: AQΓ

7.20 gm., 25 mm.
RIC #117; PBCC #723; Sear #15507.
Callimachus
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103a03. Valentinian IIAE3. 19mm, 2.15 g. Aquileia. Obv: DN VALENTINIA-NVS PF AVG, pearl diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right. Rev: SECVRITAS-REIPVBLICAE, Victory walking left holding wreath and palm. Star in left field, dot in right field. Mintmark SMAQS. RIC IX Aquileia 18c, type xix(b).lawrence c
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104a12. Theodosius IAR Siliqua. 8.5mm (clipped), 1.21 g. AD 379-395. Uncertain mint.
Obv: DN THEODOSIVS PF AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right. Rev: CONCORDIA AVGGG, Concordia, turreted, seated facing on throne, looking right, right foot on prow, holding sceptre and cornucopiae. Mintmark off flan. Similar to RIC IX Aquileia 25; RSC 4c; Sear 20448.
lawrence c
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104a13. Theodosius IAE2/ 22mm, 4.02 g. Aquileia, 379-383 AD. Obv: DN THEODOSIVS PF AVG, pearl diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right. Rev: REPARATIO REIPVB, emperor standing , head left, raising kneeling turreted woman and holding Victory on a globe. Mintmark SMAQP. RIC IX Aquileia 30D, Cohen 27.
lawrence c
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105a03. Magnus MaximusAE4. 11.5mm, 1.47 g. Aquileia mint. 387-388 AD. Obv: DN MAG MA-XIMVS PF AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: Campgate with six rows, two beacons, star above, no doors. Mintmark SMAQS. RIC IX Aquileia 55a; Sear 20657.
lawrence c
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106a02. EugeniusAe 4. Uncertain mint. Obv: D N EVGENIVS P F AVG. Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right. Rev: Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm frond. 11mm, 1.01 g. Cf. RIC 59 (Aquileia). Naumann Auc 111, Lot 1022.
lawrence c
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117a. JohannesWestern Augustus 20 November 423 – May 425

After Honorius died, a delay in choosing new ruler. Johannes, a civil servant, was selected for the position without approval of East. Very insecure rule, and he was ousted by an army sent by Theodosius II. Johannes was captured and then taken to Aquileia where first his hand was cut off, then he was paraded on a donkey in the Hippodrome to the insults of the populace. After further insults and injuries, Joannes was finally decapitated in June or July 425.

Coin:Nummus. Rome. Obv: D N IOHANNES P F AVG. Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right. Rev: SALVS REI PVBLICE. Victory advancing left, holding trophy and dragging captive; staurogram to left. Cf. RIC 1913, 1920 & 1923. 1.16g., 10mm. Naumann Auc 118, Lot 1040.
lawrence c
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120a Maximianus Herculeus (285-286 Caesar, 286-305, 307-308 & 310 A.D. Augustus), Aquileia, RIC VI 076a, AE-Follis, -/-/AQP, FIDES MILITVM AVG G ET CAES S N N, Fides standing, #1120a Maximianus Herculeus (285-286 Caesar, 286-305, 307-308 & 310 A.D. Augustus), Aquileia, RIC VI 076a, AE-Follis, -/-/AQP, FIDES MILITVM AVG G ET CAES S N N, Fides standing, #1
avers: IMP MAXIMIANVS P F AVG, Laureate head right.
reverse: FIDES MILITVM AVG G ET CAES S N N, Fides standing holding standard in each hand.
exergue: -/-/AQP, diameter: mm, weight: g, axis: h,
mint: Aquileia, date: 2nd reign, 306-307 A.D., ref: RIC-VI-076a, p-467, C-123,
Q-001
quadrans
ConstansVot.jpeg
1405a, Constans, 9 September 337 - 19 January 350 A.D. (Alexandria)Bronze AE 4, RIC 37, gVF, Egypt, Alexandria, 1.54g, 15.0mm, 180o, 345-347 A.D. Obverse: D N CONSTANS P F AVG, pearl diademed head right; Reverse: VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath, SMALA• in exergue.

Flavius Julius Constans, third and youngest son of Constantine I and Fausta, was born between 320 and 323 A.D. Primary sources for the life and reign of Constans I are scarce. To reconstruct his life and career, one must draw on a variety of references in both fourth century and later works. Raised as a Christian, he was made a Caesar on 25 December 333 A.D. Constans I and his two brothers, after the death of their father on 22 May 337 and the subsequent "massacre of the princes" in which many other relatives were purged, met in the first part of September 337 in Pannonia to re-divide the empire among themselves. There they were acclaimed Augusti by the army. Constans' new realm included Italy, Africa, Illyricum, Macedonia, and Achaea. Shortly before his father's death, Constans' engagement to Olympias, the daughter of the Praetorian Prefect Ablabius, was announced; although the match was never solemnized because of political reasons.

It would appear that Constans was successful in the military sphere. Following his accession to the purple in 337, he seems to have won a victory over the Sarmatians. In 340 Constans was able to beat back an attempt by his brother Constantine II to seize some of his realm. The latter died in a battle fought near Aquileia and Constans absorbed his late brother's territory. In 341 and 342 he conducted a successful campaign against the Franci. He also visited Britain in 343, probably on a military campaign.

As an emperor Constans gets mixed reviews. In what may be a topos, sources suggest that the first part of his reign was moderate but in later years, however, he became overbearing. The emperor apparently attempted to obtain as much money as he could from his subjects and sold government posts to the highest bidder. His favorites were allowed to oppress his subjects. Sources also condemn his homosexuality. He did have some military success and, in addition to other military threats, he had to deal with Donatist-related bandits in North Africa.

Like his father Constantine I and his brother Constantius II, Constans had a deep interest in Christianity. Together with Constantius II he issued (or perhaps re-issued) a ban against pagan sacrifice in 341. The next year, they cautioned against the destruction of pagan temples. Unlike his brother Constantius II, who supported the Arian faction, he stood shoulder to shoulder with Athanasius and other members of the Orthodox clique. In fact, it is due to his request that the Council of Serdica was called to deal with the ecclesiastical squabble between Athanasius of Alexandria and Paul of Constantinople on one side and the Arian faction on the other.

When Magnentius was declared emperor in Gaul during January 350, Constans realized his reign was at an end. When he learned of the revolt, he fled toward Helena, a town in the Pyrenees. Constans was put to death by Gaeso and a band of Magnentius' assassins, who dragged their victim from a temple in which he had sought refuge.

By Michael DiMaio, Jr., Salve Regina University and Robert Frakes, Clarion UniversityPublished: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.

Cleisthenes
Constans.jpg
1405n, Constans, 9 September 337 - 19 January 350 A.D. (Siscia)Constans, 9 September 337 - 19 January 350 A.D. Bronze AE 3, RIC 241, S 3978, VM 69, VF, Siscia, 2.32g, 18.3mm, 180o. Obverse: D N CONSTANS P F AVG, pearl diademed draped and cuirassed bust right; Reverse: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Phoenix radiate, standing on rocky mound, GSIS and symbol in ex; nice green patina.

Flavius Julius Constans, third and youngest son of Constantine I and Fausta, was born between 320 and 323 A.D. Primary sources for the life and reign of Constans I are scarce. To reconstruct his life and career, one must draw on a variety of references in both fourth century and later works. Raised as a Christian, he was made a Caesar on 25 December 333 A.D. Constans I and his two brothers, after the death of their father on 22 May 337 and the subsequent "massacre of the princes" in which many other relatives were purged, met in the first part of September 337 in Pannonia to re-divide the empire among themselves. There they were acclaimed Augusti by the army. Constans' new realm included Italy, Africa, Illyricum, Macedonia, and Achaea. Shortly before his father's death, Constans' engagement to Olympias, the daughter of the Praetorian Prefect Ablabius, was announced; although the match was never solemnized because of political reasons.

It would appear that Constans was successful in the military sphere. Following his accession to the purple in 337, he seems to have won a victory over the Sarmatians. In 340 Constans was able to beat back an attempt by his brother Constantine II to seize some of his realm. The latter died in a battle fought near Aquileia and Constans absorbed his late brother's territory. In 341 and 342 he conducted a successful campaign against the Franci. He also visited Britain in 343, probably on a military campaign.

As an emperor Constans gets mixed reviews. In what may be a topos, sources suggest that the first part of his reign was moderate but in later years, however, he became overbearing. The emperor apparently attempted to obtain as much money as he could from his subjects and sold government posts to the highest bidder. His favorites were allowed to oppress his subjects. Sources also condemn his homosexuality. He did have some military success and, in addition to other military threats, he had to deal with Donatist-related bandits in North Africa.

Like his father Constantine I and his brother Constantius II, Constans had a deep interest in Christianity. Together with Constantius II he issued (or perhaps re-issued) a ban against pagan sacrifice in 341. The next year, they cautioned against the destruction of pagan temples. Unlike his brother Constantius II, who supported the Arian faction, he stood shoulder to shoulder with Athanasius and other members of the Orthodox clique. In fact, it is due to his request that the Council of Serdica was called to deal with the ecclesiastical squabble between Athanasius of Alexandria and Paul of Constantinople on one side and the Arian faction on the other.

When Magnentius was declared emperor in Gaul during January 350, Constans realized his reign was at an end. When he learned of the revolt, he fled toward Helena, a town in the Pyrenees. Constans was put to death by Gaeso and a band of Magnentius' assassins, who dragged their victim from a temple in which he had sought refuge.

By Michael DiMaio, Jr., Salve Regina University and Robert Frakes, Clarion University
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
U2476F1OVDKUXTA.jpeg
1405t, Constans, 9 September 337 - 19 January 350 A.D. (Thessalonica )Constans, 9 September 337 - 19 January 350 A.D., Bronze AE 3, unattributed; Thessalonica mint, 2.25g, 18.9mm, 0; aVF.

Flavius Julius Constans, third and youngest son of Constantine I and Fausta, was born between 320 and 323 A.D. Primary sources for the life and reign of Constans I are scarce. To reconstruct his life and career, one must draw on a variety of references in both fourth century and later works. Raised as a Christian, he was made a Caesar on 25 December 333 A.D. Constans I and his two brothers, after the death of their father on 22 May 337 and the subsequent "massacre of the princes" in which many other relatives were purged, met in the first part of September 337 in Pannonia to re-divide the empire among themselves. There they were acclaimed Augusti by the army. Constans' new realm included Italy, Africa, Illyricum, Macedonia, and Achaea. Shortly before his father's death, Constans' engagement to Olympias, the daughter of the Praetorian Prefect Ablabius, was announced; although the match was never solemnized because of political reasons.

It would appear that Constans was successful in the military sphere. Following his accession to the purple in 337, he seems to have won a victory over the Sarmatians. In 340 Constans was able to beat back an attempt by his brother Constantine II to seize some of his realm. The latter died in a battle fought near Aquileia and Constans absorbed his late brother's territory. In 341 and 342 he conducted a successful campaign against the Franci. He also visited Britain in 343, probably on a military campaign.

As an emperor Constans gets mixed reviews. In what may be a topos, sources suggest that the first part of his reign was moderate but in later years, however, he became overbearing. The emperor apparently attempted to obtain as much money as he could from his subjects and sold government posts to the highest bidder. His favorites were allowed to oppress his subjects. Sources also condemn his homosexuality. He did have some military success and, in addition to other military threats, he had to deal with Donatist-related bandits in North Africa.

Like his father Constantine I and his brother Constantius II, Constans had a deep interest in Christianity. Together with Constantius II he issued (or perhaps re-issued) a ban against pagan sacrifice in 341. The next year, they cautioned against the destruction of pagan temples. Unlike his brother Constantius II, who supported the Arian faction, he stood shoulder to shoulder with Athanasius and other members of the Orthodox clique. In fact, it is due to his request that the Council of Serdica was called to deal with the ecclesiastical squabble between Athanasius of Alexandria and Paul of Constantinople on one side and the Arian faction on the other.

When Magnentius was declared emperor in Gaul during January 350, Constans realized his reign was at an end. When he learned of the revolt, he fled toward Helena, a town in the Pyrenees. Constans was put to death by Gaeso and a band of Magnentius' assassins, who dragged their victim from a temple in which he had sought refuge.

By Michael DiMaio, Jr., Salve Regina University and Robert Frakes, Clarion University.
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
Cnstntine2.jpg
1406a, Constantine II, 22 May 337 - March or April 340 A.D. (Antioch)Constantine II, 22 May 337 - March or April 340 A.D. Bronze AE 3, RIC 87, gVF, Antioch, 2.17g, 17.6mm, 0o, 330-335 A.D. Obverse: CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C, laureate and cuirassed bust right; Reverse: GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS, two soldiers, each holding spear and shield on ground, flanking two standards, SMANE in exergue.

Constantine II (February 317 - 340) was Roman Emperor (337 - 340). The eldest son of Constantine I the Great and Fausta, he was born at Arles. Following the death of his father in 337, Constantine II became Emperor jointly with his brothers Constantius II and Constans. His section of the Empire was Gaul, Britain and Spain. At first, he was the guardian of his younger brother Constans, whose portion was Italy, Africa and Illyria. As Constans came of age, Constantine would not relinquish the guardianship, and in 340 he marched against Constans in Italy, but was defeated at Aquileia and died in battle. Constans came to control Constantine II's portion of the empire.
Cleisthenes
Constantine2.jpg
1406c, Constantine II, 337-340 A.D.Constantine II, 317-340. AE3, RIC VII, 74 ('theta' = r), page 581 2.22 grams, 333-335 AD, Constantinople mint, VF. Obverse : CONSTANTIVS IVN NOB C - Laureate bust right, draped and cuirassed. Reverse: GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS - Two soldiers looking in at each other and both holding a spear; between them, two standards. CONS (theta) (dot) in exergue. Rare.

Constantine II (February 317 - 340) was Roman Emperor (337 - 340). The eldest son of Constantine I the Great and Fausta, he was born at Arles. Following the death of his father in 337, Constantine II became Emperor jointly with his brothers Constantius II and Constans. His section of the Empire was Gaul, Britain and Spain. At first, he was the guardian of his younger brother Constans, whose portion was Italy, Africa and Illyria. As Constans came of age, Constantine would not relinquish the guardianship, and in 340 he marched against Constans in Italy, but was defeated at Aquileia and died in battle. Constans came to control Constantine II's portion of the empire.
Cleisthenes
Aquileia_RIC_VIII_170,_148_Magnentius_AE-2-25-Cent_DN-MAGNEN-TIVS-PF-AVG_VICTORIAE-DD-NN-AVG-ET-CAES_palm-AQT-palm_Q-001_h_mm_g-s.jpg
148 Magnentius (350-353 A.D.), Aquilea, RIC VIII 170, -/-//palmbranch AQT palmbranch, AE-2, Centenionalis, VICTORIAE D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories, #1148 Magnentius (350-353 A.D.), Aquilea, RIC VIII 170, -/-//palmbranch AQT palmbranch, AE-2, Centenionalis, VICTORIAE D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories, #1
avers:- D N MAGNEN TIVS P F AVG, Bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust right, A behind head.
revers:- VICTORIAE D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories standing, facing each other, together holding wreath reading VOT/V/MVLT/X.
exerg: -/-//palmbranch AQT palmbranch, diameter: 23-25mm, weight: g, axis: h,
mint: Aquileia, date: 350-353 AD., ref: RIC VIII 170, Sear 18829.
Q-001
quadrans
Magnentius_AE-2-25-Cent_DN-MAGNEN-TIVS-PF-AVG_VICTORIAE-DD-NN-AVG-ET-CAES_AQP-palm_RIC-170_C-00_Aquileia-_Q-001_h_23-25mm_5,39g-s.jpg
148 Magnentius (350-353 A.D.), Aquilea, RIC VIII 170, -/-//palmbranch AQT palmbranch, AE-2, Centenionalis, VICTORIAE D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories, #2148 Magnentius (350-353 A.D.), Aquilea, RIC VIII 170, -/-//palmbranch AQT palmbranch, AE-2, Centenionalis, VICTORIAE D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories, #2
avers:- D N MAGNEN TIVS P F AVG, Bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust right, A behind head.
revers:- VICTORIAE D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories standing, facing each other, together holding wreath reading VOT/V/MVLT/X.
exerg: -/-//palmbranch AQP palmbranch, diameter: 23-25mm, weight: 5,39g, axis: h,
mint: Aquileia, date: 350-353 AD., ref: RIC VIII 170, Sear 18829.
Q-002
quadrans
Magnentius_AE-2-25-Cent_DN-MAGNEN-TIVS-PF-AVG_VICTORIAE-DD-NN-AVG-ET-CAES_star_AQP_RIC-173_Aquileia-_Q-001_h_mm_g-s.jpg
148 Magnentius (350-353 A.D.), Aquilea, RIC VIII 173, *//AQP, AE-2, Centenionalis, VICTORIAE D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories,148 Magnentius (350-353 A.D.), Aquilea, RIC VIII 173, *//AQP, AE-2, Centenionalis, VICTORIAE D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories,
avers:- D N MAGNEN TIVS P F AVG, Bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust right, A behind head.
revers:- VICTORIAE D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories standing, facing each other, together holding wreath reading VOT/V/MVLT/X.
exerg: *//AQP, diameter: 22-23mm, weight: g, axis: h,
mint: Aquileia, date: 350-353 AD., ref: RIC VIII 173,
Q-001
quadrans
MAurel RIC1058.jpg
161-180 AD - MARCUS AURELIUS AE sestertius - struck 172-173 ADobv: M ANTONINVS AVG TR P XXVII (laureate head right)
rev: GERMANICO AVG IMP VI COS III (trophy of arms, German {Marcomann} woman seated left below, in attitude of mourning, on two shields; German standing to right, his head turned and his hands bound behind him), SC in ex.
ref: RIC III 1058 (S), Cohen 227 (15frcs)
22.46gms, 30mm,
Very rare
History: In the second half of the second century was the most important and dangerous invasion of the Marcomanni. Their leader, Ballomar, had formed a coalition of Germanic tribes, they crossed the Danube and achieved a smashing victory over 20,000 Romans near Carnuntum. Ballomar then led the larger part of his host southwards towards Italy, while the remainder ravaged Noricum. The Marcomanni razed Opitergium (Oderzo) and besieged Aquileia. The army of praetorian prefect Furius Victorinus tried to relieve the city, but was defeated and its general slain.
In 172, the Roman legions crossed the Danube into Marcomannic territory. Although few details are known, the Romans achieved success, subjugating the Marcomanni and their allies, the Naristi and the Cotini. This fact is evident from the adoption of the title "Germanicus" by Marcus Aurelius, and the minting of coins with the inscription "Germania subacta". This rare coin is one of them.
berserker
L2_Valens_SMAQP.jpg
1627 Valens - AE 3Aquileia
24.8.367 - 17.11.375 AD
pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right
D N VALEN_S P F AVG
Valens advancing right, dragging captive and holding labarum
GLORIA RO_MANORVM
•SMAQP
RIC IX Aquileia 11b, type xvii (a); Sear 19737
2,2g 18,5mm
ex Naumann
J. B.
IMG_3729~0.jpg
164. Maxentius (306-312 A.D.)Av.: IMP C MAXENTIVS PF AVG
Rv.: CONSERV VRB SVAE
Ex.: AQS

AE Follis Ø24-26 / 7.3g
RIC VI 116 Aquileia
RI_168bi_img.jpg
168 - Constantine II - Follis - RIC VII Aquileia 056AE3
Obv:– CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C, Laureate, bust left, wearing imperial mantle, holding Victory on globe in right hand and mappa in left
Rev:– VIRTVS EXERCIT, two captives seated at foot of banner inscribed VOT/XX in two lines
Minted in Aquileia (S | F //AQT).
Reference:– RIC VII Aquileia 56 (R4)
1 commentsmaridvnvm
RI_169bg_img.jpg
169 - Constans - AE2 - Barbarous imitiation of RIC VIII Aquileia 099AE2
Obv:- D N CONSTANS P F AVG, Pearl diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right
Rev:- FEL TEMP-REPARATIO, emperor in military dress standing left on galley, holding Phoenix and labarum, Victory sitting at the stern, steering the ship
Barbarous imitation of a coin minted in Aquileia; (//AQP dot), A.D. 348-350
Reference:– cf. RIC VIII Aquileia 99 (C)
1 commentsmaridvnvm
RI_169ai_img.jpg
169 - Constans - AE2 - RIC VIII Aquileia 099AE2
Obv:- D N CONSTANS P F AVG, Pearl diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right
Rev:- FEL TEMP-REPARATIO, emperor in military dress standing left on galley, holding Phoenix and labarum, Victory sitting at the stern, steering the ship
Minted in Aquileia; (//AQP dot), A.D. 348-350
Reference:– RIC VIII Aquileia 99 (C)
3 commentsmaridvnvm
RI_169p_img.jpg
169 - Constans - AE2 - RIC VIII Aquileia 103 AE2
Obv:- D N CONSTA-NS P F AVG, Pearl-diademed, draped, cuirassed bust left, globe in right hand.
Rev:- FEL TEMP REPA-RATIO, Helmeted soldier, spear in left hand, advancing right, head left; with his right hand he leads a small bare-headed figure from a hut beneath a tree. The spear points upwards to the right.
Minted in Aquileia, officina 1; (/AQP Dot),
Reference:– RIC VIII Aquileia 103
maridvnvm
RI_170cw_img.jpg
170 - Constantius II - AE2 - RIC VIII Aquileia -AE2
Obv:- D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, Pearl diademed, draped & cuirassed bust left, holding globe in right hand, N in right field
Rev:– FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Emperor bare headed & in military dress standing, holding standard with chi-rho on banner in his right hand, resting left hand on shield, two bound captives in Phrygian helmets standing, facing each other before him
Minted in Aquileia (//AQP Dot)
Reference:- RIC VIII Aquileia -

Looking at RIC there are three issues for this type at Aquileia.

The first has no letters on either side. The captives are described as standing and would have AQP:dot: in exe. - RIC VIII Aquileia 107

The next two both have N behind the bust and an N in the left field on the reverse with the captives described as kneeling.

with AQP in exe this would be RIC VIII Aquileia 119
and with AQP* in exe this would be RIC VIII Aquileia 120

My example seems to be a mule from the later issues with letter behind the bust and the earlier issue with the captives standing but with no letter on the reverse.
1 commentsmaridvnvm
RI_170fl_img.jpg
170 - Constantius II - AE2 - RIC VIII Aquileia 096AE2
Obv:– D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, Pearl diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right
Rev:– FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Helmeted soldier left, shield on left arm, spearing falling horseman; shield at ground to right. Horseman falls forwards on his hands and knees. He is wearing a cap
Minted in Aquileia; (_ | *//AQS dot). 348 A.D. - 350 A.D.
Reference:– RIC VIII Aquileia 96 (S)
maridvnvm
RI_170bp_img.jpg
170 - Constantius II - AE2 - RIC VIII Aquileia 102 Ae2
Obv:– CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, Pearl diademed, draped and cuirassed bust left, holding globe
Rev:– FEL . TEMP . REPARATIO, Soldier advancing right, head left, holding spear and leading small figure from hut beneath tree
Minted in Aquileia (//AQS dot).
Reference:– RIC VIII Aquileia 102 (C)
maridvnvm
RI_170cz_img.jpg
170 - Constantius II - AE2 - RIC VIII Aquileia 113/147 AE2
Obv:– D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, Pearl diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right; A behind bust
Rev:– FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Helmeted soldier left, shield on left arm, spearing falling horseman; shield at ground to right. Horseman is sitting on ground. He is wearing a cap
Minted in Aquileia (A | _ /AQP dot).
Reference:- RIC VIII Aquileia 147
2 commentsmaridvnvm
RI_170cl_img.jpg
170 - Constantius II - AE2 - RIC VIII Aquileia 215AE3
Obv:– D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, Pearl diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right
Rev:– FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Helmeted soldier left, shield on left arm, spearing falling horseman; shield at ground to right. Horseman turns to face the soldier, and reaches his left arm up towards him. He is bare headed
Minted in Aquileia (II | * //AQS Dot).
Reference:- RIC VIII Aquileia 215
maridvnvm
RI_170ee_img.jpg
170 - Constantius II - AE3 - RIC VIII Aquileia 228AE3
Obv:– D N CONSTAN-TIVS P F AVG, Pearl diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right;
Rev:– FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Helmeted soldier to left, shield on left arm, spearing falling horseman; shield on ground at right. Horsemanwears a pointed hat and reaches back towards the emperor but faces away!
Minted in Aquileia (* // dot AQS dot?).
Reference:- RIC VIII Aquileia 228 (C)

2.19 gms. 17.68 mm. 0 degrees.
1 commentsmaridvnvm
RI_170dt_img.jpg
170 - Constantius II - AE3 - RIC VIII VIII Aquileia 208AE3
Obv:– D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, Pearl diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right
Rev:– FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Helmeted soldier to left, shield on left arm, spearing falling horseman; shield on ground at right. Horseman is bare headed (hair straight up) and bearded and reaches towards emperor (type FH3)
Minted in Aquileia (II | _ //AQT). September A.D. 352 - November A.D. 355
Reference:- RIC VIII Aquileia 208 (C)
1 commentsmaridvnvm
RI_175l_img.jpg
175 - Constantius Gallus - AE3 - RIC VIII Aquileia 194AE3
Obv:– DN CONSTANTIVS IVN NOB C, Bare, bust draped and cuirassed right; A behind bust
Rev:– FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Soldier spearing fallen horseman, who is bare headed, reaching backwards
Minted in Aquileia (LXXII | S | _ // AQS),
Reference:– RIC VIII Aquileia 194 (C).
maridvnvm
RI_175q_img.jpg
175 - Constantius Gallus - AE3 - RIC VIII Aquileia 198AE3
Obv:– DN CONSTANTIVS IVN NOB C, Bare, bust draped and cuirassed right; A behind bust
Rev:– FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Soldier spearing fallen horseman, who is bare headed, reaching backwards
Minted in Aquileia (LXXII | Wreath | _ // AQS),
Reference:– RIC VIII Aquileia 198 (C).
1 commentsmaridvnvm
RI_175d_img.jpg
175 - Constantius Gallus - AE3 - RIC VIII Aquileia 209 Obv:– DN CONSTANTIVS IVN NOB C, Bare, bust draped and cuirassed right
Rev:– FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Soldier spearing fallen horseman, who is bare headed, reaching backwards
Minted in Aquileia (II | _ // AQT), September A.D. 352 - Winter A.D. 354
Reference:– RIC VIII Aquileia 209 (C)
maridvnvm
IMG_4897.JPG
177. Constantine II (337–340 A.D.)Av.: CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C
Rv.: CAESARVM NOSTRORVM
in wreath: VOT / dot / V
Ex.: dot AQT dot

AE Follis Ø18 / 2.1g
RIC VII 95 var. Aquileia
Scarce!
IMG_2438.JPG
19 Constantius IIDN CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG, PDC, A behind/ Phrygian helmet, sitting on ground, arm(s) up, A in left field. AQT dot in ex

Aquileia 113/147
1 commentsRandygeki(h2)
IMG_9001.JPG
195. Flavius Victor (387-388 A.D.)Av.: DN FL VICTOR PF AVG
Rv.: SPES ROMANORVM
Ex.: SMAQP

AE Follis Ø13 / 1.3g
RIC IX Aquileia 55b
VespDenSalus.jpg
1aw Vespasian69-79

Denarius
Laureate head, right, IMP CAES VESP AVG CEN
Salus seated left with patera, SALVS AVG

RIC 513 (C2)

Suetonius wrote: The Flavians seized power, and the Empire, long troubled and adrift, afflicted by the usurpations and deaths of three emperors, at last achieved stability. True they were an obscure family, with no great names to boast of, yet one our country has no need to be ashamed of. . . . Vespasian was born in the Sabine country, in the little village of Falacrinae just beyond Reate (Rieti), on the 17th of November 9 AD in the consulship of Quintus Sulpicius Camerinus and Gaius Poppaeus Sabinus, five years before the death of Augustus. He was raised by his paternal grandmother Tertulla on her estate at Cosa. . . .

Under Claudius, he was sent to Germany (in 41 AD) to command a legion, thanks to the influence of Narcissus. From there he was posted to Britain (in 43 AD), where partly under the leadership of Aulus Plautius and partly that of Claudius himself, he fought thirty times, subjugating two powerful tribes, more than twenty strongholds, and the offshore island of Vectis (the Isle of Wight). This earned him triumphal regalia, and a little later two priesthoods and the consulship (in 51 AD) which he held for the last two months of the year. . . . He won, by lot, the governorship of Africa (in 63 AD), ruling it soundly and with considerable dignity. . . .

An ancient and well-established belief became widespread in the East that the ruler of the world at this time would arise from Judaea. This prophecy as events proved referred to the future Emperor of Rome, but was taken by the Jews to apply to them. They rebelled, killed their governor, and routed the consular ruler of Syria also, when he arrived to restore order, capturing an Eagle. To crush the rebels needed a considerable force under an enterprising leader, who would nevertheless not abuse power. Vespasian was chosen, as a man of proven vigour, from whom little need be feared, since his name and origins were quite obscure. Two legions with eight divisions of cavalry and ten cohorts of auxiliaries were added to the army in Judaea, and Vespasian took his elder son, Titus, along as one of his lieutenants. . . .

Yet Vespasian made no move, though his follower were ready and eager, until he was roused to action by the fortuitous support of a group of soldiers unknown to him, and based elsewhere. Two thousand men, of the three legions in Moesia reinforcing Otho’s forces, despite hearing on the march that he had been defeated and had committed suicide, had continued on to Aquileia, and there taken advantage of the temporary chaos to plunder at will. Fearing that if they returned they would be held to account and punished, they decided to choose and appoint an emperor of their own, on the basis that they were every bit as worthy of doing so as the Spanish legions who had appointed Galba, or the Praetorian Guard which had elected Otho, or the German army which had chosen Vitellius. They went through the list of serving consular governors, rejecting them for one reason or another, until in the end they unanimously adopted Vespasian, who was recommended strongly by some members of the Third Legion, which had been transferred to Moesia from Syria immediately prior to Nero’s death. . . .

Vespasian, an unheralded and newly-forged emperor, as yet lacked even a modicum of prestige and divine majesty, but this too he acquired. . . . Returning to Rome (in 70 AD) attended by such auspices, having won great renown, and after a triumph awarded for the Jewish War, he added eight consulships (AD 70-72, 74-77, 79) to his former one, and assumed the censorship. He first considered it essential to strengthen the State, which was unstable and well nigh fatally weakened, and then to enhance its role further during his reign. . . .
2 commentsBlindado
PupineusSestPax.jpg
1ck Pupienus238

Sestertius

Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust, right, IMP CAES PVPIEN MAXIMVS AVG
Pax seated left with branch & scepter PAX PVBLICA SC

RIC 22b

Herodian, continuing the story of the rebellion against Maximinus, wrote: [Pupienus] led most of these soldiers out to attack Maximinus; the rest remained behind to guard and defend the city. . . . In the meantime, having completed his march, Maximinus was poised on the borders of Italy; after offering sacrifices at all the boundary altars, he advanced into Italy. . . . When no opposition was offered, they crossed the Alps without hindrance. . . . While the army was in the plain, the scouts reported that Aquileia, the largest city in that part of Italy, had closed its gates and that the Pannonian legions which had been sent ahead had launched a vigorous attack upon the walls of this city. In spite of frequent assaults, they were completely unsuccessful. . . .

As time passed, the army of Maximinus grew depressed and, cheated in its expectations, fell into despair. . . . As Maximinus rode about, the [people of Aquileia] shouted insults and indecent blasphemies at him and his son. The emperor became increasingly angry because he was powerless to retaliate. . . . The emperor's soldiers were. . . in need of everything. There was scarcely even sufficient water for them. . . .

Without warning, the soldiers whose camp was near Rome at the foot of Mount Alba, where they had left their wives and children, decided that the best solution was to kill Maximinus and end the interminable siege. . . . [T]he conspirators went to Maximinus' tent about noon. The imperial bodyguard, which was involved in the plot, ripped Maximinus' pictures from the standards; when he came out of his tent with his son to talk to them, they refused to listen and killed them both. . . .

For the rest of the time the two emperors governed in an orderly and well-regulated manner, winning approval on every hand both privately and publicly. The people honored and respected them as patriotic and admirable rulers of the empire. . . . It so happened that the two men were not in complete accord: so great is the desire for sole rule and so contrary to the usual practice is it for the sovereignty to be shared that each undertook to secure the imperial power for himself alone. Balbinus considered himself the more worthy because of his noble birth and his two terms as consul; [Pupienus] felt that he deserved first place because he had served as prefect of Rome and had won a good reputation by his administrative efforts. Both men were led to covet the sole rule because of their distinguished birth, aristocratic lineage, and the size of their families. This rivalry was the basis of their downfall. When [Pupienus] learned that the Praetorian Guard was coming to kill them, he wished to summon a sufficient number of the German auxiliaries who were in Rome to resist the conspirators. But Balbinus, thinking that this was a ruse intended to deceive him (he knew that the Germans were devoted to [Pupienus]), refused to allow [Pupienus] to issue the order. . . . While the two men were arguing, the praetorians rushed in. . . . When the guards at the palace gates deserted the emperors, the praetorians seized the old men and ripped off the plain robes they were wearing because they were at home. Dragging the two men naked from the palace, they inflicted every insult and indignity upon them. Jeering at these emperors elected by the senate, they beat and tortured them. . . . When the Germans learned what was happening, they snatched up their arms and hastened to the rescue. As soon as the praetorians were informed of their approach, they killed the mutilated emperors.
1 commentsBlindado
AurelianusAntPietas.jpg
1dk Aurelian270-275

Radiate, cuirassed bust, right, IMP AVRELIANVS AVG
Aurelian & Severina or priest standing facing each other, each holding short sceptre, sacrificing at altar between them, S in ex, PIETAS AVG

Zosimus recorded: Aurelianus, having regulated the empire, went from Rome to Aquileia, and from thence into Pannonia, which he was informed the Scythians were preparing to invade. For this reason he sent orders to the inhabitants of that country to carry into the towns all their corn and cattle, and every thing that could be of use to the enemy, in order to distress them with famine, with which they were already afflicted. The Barbarians having crossed the river into Pannonia had an engagement, the result of which was nearly equal. But the same night, the Barbarians recrossed the river, and as soon as day appeared, sent ambassadors to treat for peace. |25

The Emperor, hearing that the Alemanni and the neighbouring nations intended to over-run Italy, was with just reason more concerned for Rome and the adjacent places, than for the more remote. Having therefore ordered a sufficient force to remain for the defence of Pannonia, he marched towards Italy, and on his route, on the borders of that country, near the Ister, slew many thousands of the Barbarians in one battle. Several members of the senate being at this time accused of conspiring against the emperor were put to death ; and Rome, which before had no walls, was now surrounded with them. This work was begun in the reign of Aurelianus, and was finished by Probus. At the same time Epitimius, Urbanus, and Domitianus, were likewise suspected as innovators, and were immediately apprehended and punished. During these occurrences in Italy and Pannonia, the emperor prepared to march against the Palmyrenians, who had subdued all Egypt, and the east, as far as Ancyra in Galatia, and would have acquired Bithynia even as far as Chalcedon, if the inhabitants of that country had not learned that Aurelianus was made emperor, and so shook off the Palmyrenian yoke. As soon as the emperor was on his march thither, Ancyra submitted to the Romans, and afterwards Tuana, and all the cities between that and Antioch. There finding Zenobia with a large army ready to engage, as he himself also was, he met and engaged her as honour obliged him [an defeated the enemy. . . .

[Having crushed Palmyra and razed it] He then entered Rome in triumph, where he was most magnificiently received by the senate and people. At this period also be erected that sumptuous temple of the sun, which he ornamented with all the sacred spoils that he brought from Palmyra; placing in it the statues of the sun and Belus. After this he easily reduced Tatricus with his rebellious accomplices, whom he brought to signal punishment. He likewise called in all the counterfeit money, and issued new, to avoid confusion in trade. Besides which he bestowed on the people a gift of bread, as a mark of his favour; and having arranged all affairs set out on a journey from Rome. . . .

During his stay at Perinthus, now called Heraclea, a conspiracy was thus formed against him. There was in the court a man named Eros, whose office was to carry out the answers of the emperor. This man had been for some fault threatened by the emperor, and put in great fear. Dreading therefore lest the emperor should realize his menaces by actions, he went to some of the guard, whom he knew to be the boldest men in the court; be told them a plausible story, and shewed them a letter of his own writing, in the character of the emperor (which he had long before learned to counterfeit), and persuading them first that they themselves were to be put to death, [h]e endeavoured to prevail on them to murder the emperor. The deception answered. Observing Aurelianus to go out of the city with a small retinue, they ran out upon him and murdered him.

RIC 138
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ValentinianIIAE3UrbsRom.jpg
1et Valentinian II373-392

AE3, Nicomedia

Pearl-diademed, draped & cuirassed bust rightt, D N VALENTINIANVS IVN P F AVG
Roma seated on cuirass, holding spear and Victory on globe, VRBS ROMA

The SMN mintmark indicates that the coin was minted in Nicomedia, but RIC does not list this reverse type for that mint.

Sim to RIC 51

Zosimus reports: Valentinian being dead, the tribunes Merobaudes and Equitius, reflecting on the distance at which Valens and Gratian resided, the former being in the east, and the latter left by his father in the western part of Gaul, were apprehensive lest the Barbarians beyond the Ister should make an effort while the country was without a ruler. They therefore sent for the younger son of Valentinian, who was born of his wife the widow of Magnentius, who was not far from thence with the child. Having clothed him in purple, they brought him into the court, though scarcely five years old. The empire was afterwards divided between Gratian and the younger Valentinian, at the discretion of their guardians, they not being of age to manage their own affairs. The Celtic nations, Spain, and Britain were given to Gratian; and Italy, Illyricum, and Africa to Valentinian. . . .

Affairs being thus situated in the east, in Thrace, and in Illyricum, Maximus, who deemed his appointments inferior to his merits, being only governor of the countries formerly under Gratian, projected how to depose the young Valentinian from the empire, if possible totally, but should he fail in the whole, to secure at least some part. . . . he immediately entered Italy without; resistance, and marched to Aquileia. . . . This so much surprised Valentinian, and rendered his situation so desperate, that his courtiers were alarmed lest he should be taken by Maximus and put to death. He, therefore, immediately embarked,and sailed to Thessalonica with his mother Justina, who, as I before mentioned, had been the wife of Magnentius, but after his decease was taken in marriage by the emperor Valentinian on account of her extraordinary beauty. She carried along with her her daughter Galla. After having passed many seas, and arriving at Thessalonica, they sent messengers to the emperor Theodosius, intreating him now at least to revenge the injuries committed against the family of Valentinian. He was astonished at hearing of this, and began to forget his extravagance, and to lay some restraint on his wild inclination for pleasure. . . . Theodosius then delivered to Valentinian as much of the empire as his father had possessed; in which he only acted as he was enjoined by his duty to those who so merited his kindness. . . .

intelligence was brought that the emperor Valentianian was no more, and that his death happened in this manner: Arbogastes, a Frank, who was appointed by the emperor Gratian lieutenant to Baudo, at the death of Baudo, confiding in his own ability, assumed the command without the emperor's permission. Being thought proper for the station by all the soldiers under him, both for his valour and experience in military affairs, and for his disregard of riches, he attained great influence. He thus became so elevated, that he would speak without reserve to the emperor, and would blame any measure which he thought improper. This gave such umbrage to Valentinian. . . .

Eugenius became the sincere friend of Arbogastes, who had no secret which he did not confide to him. Recollecting Eugenius, therefore, at this juncture, who by his extraordinary learning and the gravity of his conversation seemed well-adapted for the management of an empire, he communicated to him his designs. But finding him not pleased with the proposals, he attempted to prevail on him by all the arts he could use, and entreated him not to reject what fortune so favourably offered. Having at length persuaded him, he deemed it advisable in the first place to remove Valentinian, and thus to deliver the sole authority to Eugenius. With this view he proceeded to Vienna, a town in Gaul, where the emperor resided; and as he was amusing himself near the town in some sports with the soldiers, apprehending no danger, Arbogastes gave him a mortal wound.
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TheodosAE4VotMult~0.jpg
1eu Theodosius379-395

AE4

Pearl diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right, D N THEODOSIVS P F AVG
VOT V MVLT X within wreath, ASISC in ex

RIC 29d

Zosimus recorded: [Valentinian] commanded some legions from the stations in Pannonia and Moesia, to embark for Africa [to crush a rebellion]. On this the Sarmatians and the Quadi. . . , availing themselves, of the opportunity afforded by the departure of the legions for Africa, invaded the Pannonians and Moesians. . . . The barbarians therefore revenged themselves by plundering all the country along the Ister, carrying off all that they found in the towns. The Pannonians were by these means exposed to the cruelty of the barbarians, while the soldiers were extremely negligent in the defence of their towns, and committed as much mischief as the Barbarians themselves in all places on this side of the river. But Moesia was free from harm, because Theodosius, who commanded the forces there, courageously resisted the Barbarians, and routed them when they attacked him. By that victory he not only acquired great renown, but subsequently attained the imperial dignity. . . .

When the affairs of the empire were reduced to this low condition, Victor, who commanded the Roman cavalry, escaping the danger with some of his troops, entered Macedon and Thessaly. From thence he proceeded into Moesia and Pannonia, and informed Gratian, who was then in that quarter, of what had occurred, and of the loss of the emperor [Valens] and his army. Gratian received the intelligence without uneasiness, and was little grieved at the death of his uncle, a disagreement having existed between them. Finding himself unable to manage affairs, Thrace being ravaged by the Barbarians, as were likewise Pannonia and Moesia, and the towns upon the Rhine being infested by the neighbouring Barbarians without controul, he chose for his associate in the empire, Theodosius, who was a native of a town called Cauca, in the part of Spain called Hispania Callaecia, and who possessed great knowledge and experience of military affairs. Having given him the government of Thrace and the eastern provinces, Gratian himself proceeded to the west of Gaul, in order, if possible, to compose affairs in that quarter. . . .

During the stay of the new emperor, Theodosius, at Thesslonica, a great concourse arrived there from all parts of persons soliciting him on business, both public and private; who having obtained of him whatever he could conveniently grant, returned, to their homes. As a great multitude of the Scythians beyond the Ister, the Gotthi, and the Taiphali, and other tribes that formerly dwelt among them, had crossed the river, and were driven to infest the Roman dominions, because the Huns, had expelled them from their own country, the emperor Theodosius prepared for war with all his forces. . . . The army having made this good use of the occasion afforded by fortune, the affairs of Thrace, which had been on the brink of ruin, were now, the Barbarians being crushed beyond all hope, re-established in peace. . . .

Meanwhile, the emperor Theodosius, residing in Thessalonica, was easy of access to all who wished to see him. Having commenced his reign in luxury and indolence, he threw the magistracy into disorder, and increased the number of his military officers. . . . As he squandered the public money without consideration, bestowing it on unworthy persons, he consequently impoverished himself. He therefore sold the government of provinces to any who would purchase them, without regard to the reputation or ablity of the persons, esteeming him the best qualified who brought him the most gold or silver. . . .

Maximus, who deemed his appointments inferior to his merits, being only governor of the countries formerly under Gratian, projected how to depose the young Valentinian from the empire. . . . This so much surprised Valentinian, and rendered his situation so desperate, that his courtiers were alarmed lest he should be taken by Maximus and put to death. He, therefore, immediately embarked,and sailed to Thessalonica with his mother Justina. . . . [A]rriving at Thessalonica, they sent messengers to the emperor Theodosius, intreating him now at least to revenge the injuries committed against the family of Valentinian. . . . The emperor, being delivered from this alarm, marched with great resolution with his whole army against Maximus. . . . Theodosius, having passed through Pannonia and the defiles of the Appennines, attacked unawares the forces of Maximus before they were prepared for him. A part of his army, having pursued them with the utmost speed, forced their way through the gates of Aquileia, the guards being too few to resist them. Maximus was torn from his imperial throne while in the act of distributing money to his soldiers, and being stripped of his imperial robes, was brought to Theodosius, who, having in reproach enumerated some of his crimes against the commonwealth, delivered him to the common executioner to receive due punishment. . . . The emperor Theodosius, having consigned Italy, Spain, Celtica, and Libya to his son Honorius, died of a disease on his journey towards Constantinople.
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MagnMaxAE2RepReip.jpg
1ew Magnus Maximus383-388

AE2

Diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right, D N MAG MAXIMVS P F AVG
Emperor standing left, raising kneeling female; mintmarks PCON, SCON and TCON known, REPARATIO REIPVB

RIC 26a

Zosimus reports: While the affairs of Thrace were, thus situated, those of Gratian were in great perplexity. Having accepted the counsel of those courtiers who usually corrupt the manners of princes, he gave a reception to some fugitives called Alani, whom he not only introduced into his army, but honoured with valuable presents, and confided to them his most important secrets, esteeming his own soldiers of little value. This produced among his soldiers a violent hatred against him, which being gradually inflamed and augmented incited in them a disposition for innovation, and most particulary in that part of them which was in Britain, since they were the most resolute and vindictive. In this spirit they were encouraged by Maximus, a Spaniard, who had been the fellow-soldier of Theodosius in Britain. He was offended that Theodosius should be thought worthy of being made emperor, while he himself had no honourable employment. He therefore cherished the animosity of the soldiers towards the emperor. They were thus easily induced to revolt and to declare Maximus emperor. Having presented to him the purple robe and the diadem, they sailed to the mouth of the Rhine. As the German army, and all who were in that quarter approved of the election, Gratian prepared to contend against Maximus, with a considerable part of the army which still adhered to him. When the armies met, there were only slight skirmishes for five days; until Gratian, |115 perceiving that the Mauritanian cavalry first deserted from him and declared Maximus Augustus, and afterwards that the remainder of his troops by degrees espoused the cause of his antagonist, relinquished all hope, and fled with three hundred horse to the Alps. Finding those regions without defence, he proceeded towards Rhaetia, Noricum, Pannonia, and the Upper Moesia. When Maximus was informed of his route, he was not negligent of the opportunity, but detached Andragathius, commander of the cavalry, who was his faithful adherent, in pursuit of Gratian. This officer followed him with so great speed, that he overtook him when he was passing the bridge at Sigidunus, and put him to death. . . .

The reign of Gratian being thus terminated, Maximus, who now considered himself firmly fixed in the empire, sent an embassy to the emperor Theodosius, not to intreat pardon for his treatment of Gratian, but rather to increase his provocations. The person employed in this mission was the imperial chamberlain (for Maximus would not suffer an eunuch to preside in his court), a prudent person, with whom he had been familiarly acquainted from his infancy. The purport of his mission was to propose to Theodosius a treaty of amity, and of alliance, against all enemies who should make war on the Romans, and on refusal, to declare against him open hostility. Upon this, Theodosius admitted Maximus to a share in the empire, and in the honour of his statues and his imperial title. . . .

Affairs being thus situated in the east, in Thrace, and in Illyricum, Maximus, who deemed his appointments inferior to his merits, being only governor of the countries formerly under Gratian, projected how to depose the young Valentinian from the empire, if possible totally, but should he fail in the whole, to secure at least some part. . . . he immediately entered Italy without; resistance, and marched to Aquileia. . . .

Theodosius, having passed through Pannonia and the defiles of the Appennines, attacked unawares the forces of Maximus before they were prepared for him. A part of his army, having pursued them with the utmost speed, forced their way through the gates of Aquileia, the guards being too few to resist them. Maximus was torn from his imperial throne while in the act of distributing money to his soldiers, and being stripped of his imperial robes, was brought to Theodosius, who, having in reproach enumerated some of his crimes against the commonwealth, delivered him to the common executioner to receive due punishment. Such was the end of Maximus and of his usurpation. Having fraudulently overcome Valentinian, he imagined that he should with ease subdue the whole Roman empire. Theodosius, having heard, that when Maximus came from beyond the Alps he left his son Victor, whom he had dignified with the title of Caesar, he immediately sent for his general, named Arbogastes, who deprived the youth both of his dignity and life.
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IMG_3288.jpg
2 Constantius IIConstantius II AE Centenionolis.
3.32 gr 19.9 mm
348-350 AD. DN CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, diademed bust left, holding globe / FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Constantius standing left with labarum, captives at feet. Mintmark AQP dot.

Aquileia
RIC VIII 107
4 commentsRandygeki(h2)
17k-Constantine-Aqu-048.jpg
2.61 Constantine: Aquileia.AE3, 320, Aquileia mint.
Obverse: CONSTANTINVS AVG / Helmeted bust of Constantine.
Reverse: VIRTVS EXERCI / Standard with VOT XX on it, captive, seated on ground on either side. S in left field; F in right field.
Mint mark: AQP
2.63 gm., 18 mm.
RIC #48; PBCC #751; Sear #16323.
Callimachus
IMG_2564.JPG
3 Constantius II

Constantius II

Billon centenionalis
Aquileia, officina 2; 348-350 CE
Size and Weight: 20mm x 21mm, 3.85g
Obverse: CONSTANT-IVS P F AVG
Pearl-diademed, draped, cuirassed bust left, globe in right hand.
Reverse: FEL•TEMP•REPAR-ATIO
Helmeted soldier, spear in left hand, advancing right, head left; with his right hand he leads a small bare-headed figure from a hut beneath a tree. The spear points upwards and to the right.
Exergue: AQS•

Ref: RIC VIII Aquileia 102; LRBC 887.
4 commentsRandygeki(h2)
17o-Crispus-Aqu-009.jpg
3.04 Crispus: Aquileia.AE3, 317, Aquileia mint.
Obverse: CRISPVS NOB CAES / Laureate bust of Crispus.
Reverse: PRINCIPIA IVVENTVTIS / Crispus standing, helmeted and in military dress, cloak over shoulder, resting his shield on ground, holding spear.
Mint mark: AQT
3.71 gm., 19 mm.
RIC #9; PBCC #748; Sear 16709.

The reverse legend of this coin is unique in all of Roman coinage. It can not be a simple spelling error -- PRINCIPIA (military headquarters) for PRINCIPI (Prince) -- because it exists on coins from several different mints. Thus it has got to be taken as referring to the military training given to Crispus and his commission to Gaul in 317 - 318.
Callimachus
ConVIIAquil65or85.jpg
03382z00.jpg
315. QuintillusQuintillus, August or September - October or November 270 A.D.

Marcus Aurelius Claudius Quintillus (d. 270) was brother of the Roman Emperor Claudius II, and became the Emperor himself in 270.

Historia Augusta reports that he became Emperor in a coup d'état. Eutropius reports Quintillus to have been elected by soldiers of the Roman army immediately following the death of his brother. The choice was reportedly approved by the Roman Senate. Joannes Zonaras however reports him elected by the Senate itself.

Records however agree that the legions which had followed Claudius in campaigning along the Danube were either unaware or disapproving of Quintillus' elevation. They instead elevated their current leader Aurelian to the rank of Augustus. Historia Augusta reports Aurelian to have been chosen by Claudius himself as a successor, apparently in a deathbed decision.

The few records of Quintillus' reign are contradictory. They disagree on the length of his reign, variously reported to have lasted as few as 17 days and as many as 177 days (about six months). Records also disagree on the cause of his death. Historia Augusta reports him murdered by his own soldiers in reaction to his strict military discipline. Jerome reports him killed, persumably in conflict with Aurelian. John of Antioch and Joannes Zonaras reported Quintillus to have committed suicide by opening his veins and bleeding himself to death. John reports the suicide to have been assisted by a physician. Claudius Salmasius pointed that Dexippus recorded the death without stating causes. All records however agree in placing the death at Aquileia.

Quintillus was reportedly survived by his two sons.

Historia Augusta reports Claudius and Quintillus having another brother named Crispus and through him a niece, Claudia. who reportedly married Eutropius and was mother to Constantius Chlorus. Historians however suspect this account to be a genealogical fabrication to flatter Constantine the Great.

Surviving Roman records considered Quintillus a moderate and capable Emperor. He was seen as a champion of the Senate and thus compared to previous Emperors Servius Sulpicius Galba and Publius Helvius Pertinax. All three were highly regarded by Senatorial sources despite their failure to survive a full year of reign.

Bronze antoninianus, RIC 58, C-47, S 3246, EF, 3.37g, 19.9mm, 180o, Mediolanum mint, obverse IMP QVINTILLVS AVG, radiate and draped bust right; reverse MARTI PACI, Mars holding olive branch and spear, P in ex; found in England; Ex Forum
1 commentsecoli
CtVIIIAquil79.jpg
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