| Image search results - "Antonia" |
Legionary Denarius - 32/31 BC. - Mint moving with Mark Anthony (Patrae?)
MARCVS ANTONIVS - Gens Antonia
Obv.: ANT AVG III VIR R P C, Praetorian galley right
Rev.: LEG III, eagle between standards.
Gs. 3,6 mm. 17,20x17,96
Craw. 544/15, Sear 1479, Grueber II (East) 193
Maxentius
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POSTUMUS - 260/268 AD -Billon Antonianius - Lugdunum mint
Obv:IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
REv: VIRTVS AVG, Mars standing right, holding spear and leaning on shield
Gms 3,1, mm. 23,3
RIC 93, Cohen 419
Maxentius
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Caesarea, Paneas. AE23.
Obv : head of Claudius
Rev : His 3 children : Antonia, Britannicus and Octavia
Ref : RPC 4842
Hen-567
This coin type seems questionable to place under the coinage of Agrippa II since the legends do not mention Agrippa and the time of minting does not conform to the other Agrippa II coins. We will notice the absence of Agrippa's name in other issues as well. At the very least, though, it was struck at Caesarea-Paneas, so it is definitely part of the city coinage. It is catalogued in The Numismatic Legacy of the Jews in the city coinage section as #208.R. Smits
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(0010) ANTONIA(daughter of Mark Antony; mother of Claudius; grandmother of Caligula)
b. ca. 36 BC, d. 37 AD
AE ORICHALCUM DUPONDIUS 28.5 11.98 g
STRUCK BY CLAUDIUS, ca. 50 - 54 AD
O: ANTONIA AVGVSTA, bare-headed bust right, hair in long plait
R: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP (P P) S C, Claudius veiled and togate, standing left, holding simpulum
RIC 1 104 laney
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1 Gordian IIIGORDIAN III
AR Antonianus, Rome Mint
240 AD
O: IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R: VIRTVS AVG, Virtus standing front, head left, in military dress, holding branch and spear, shield resting against right foot
RIC IV-3 71; Cohen 388; Sear (5) 8669Sosius
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1 Gordian IIIGORDIAN III
AR Antonianus, Rome Mint
240 AD
O: IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R: VIRTVS AVG, Virtus standing front, head left, in military dress, holding branch and inverted spear, shield resting against right foot
RIC IV-3 71 (var. due to inverted spear?); Cohen 388; Sear (5) 8669Sosius
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1 Gordian IIIGordian III
AR Antonianus, Rome Mint
238-239 AD
O: IMP CAES M ANT GORDIANVS AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R: IOVI CONSERVATORI, Jupiter standing front, with head left, thunderbolt in right hand, over Emperor standing left
RIC IV-3 2; Sear (5) 8614 Sosius
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1 Gordian IIIGordian III
AR Antonianus, Rome Mint
243-4 AD
O: IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG
R: FORTVNA REDVX, Fortuna seated left, holding rudder and cornucopiae, wheel under seat
RIC IV-3 144; Cohen 98 corr.; Sear (5) 8612
Sosius
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1 Gordian IIIGordian III
AR Antonianus, Rome Mint
243-4 AD
O: IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG
R: MARS PROPVG, Mars advancing right, holding transverse spear and shield
RIC IV-3 145; Cohen 155; Sear (5) 8623 Sosius
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1 Gordian IIIGordian III
AR Antonianus, Rome Mint
238-239 AD
O: IMP CAES M ANT GORDIANVS AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R: IOVI CONSERVATORI, Jupiter standing front, with head left, thunderbolt in right hand, over Emperor standing left
RIC IV-3 2; Sear (5) 8614Sosius
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1 Gordian IIIGORDIAN III
AR Antonianus, Rome Mint
240 AD
O: IMP CAES M ANT GORDIANVS AVG
R: PM TR P II COS PP, Emperor, standing front, head left by altar, togate and veiled, holding patera over altar and wand
RIC IV-3 37: Cohen 210; Sear 5 8637Sosius
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1 Gordian IIIGORDIAN III
AR Antonianus, Rome Mint
241-243 AD
O: IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG
R: PM TR P III COS II PP, Emperor standing right in military dress, holding transverse spear and globe
RIC IV-3 91; Cohen 242; Sear (5) 8644Sosius
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1 Gordian IIIGordian III
AR Antonianus, Rome Mint
243-4 AD
O: IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG
R: MARS PROPVG, Mars advancing right, holding transverse spear and shield
RIC IV-3 145; Cohen 155; Sear (5) 8623Sosius
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132 - Probus - RIC 437 Bust Type G (Ticinum) (QXXT) Antonianus
Obv:– VIRTVS PROBI AVG, Radiate, helmeted, cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield
Rev:– VIRTVS AVG, Soldier standing left, holding Victory and spear and leaning on shield
Minted in Ticinum (QXXT) Emission 4 Officina 4. A.D. 278
Reference(s) – RIC 437 Bust type G
3.00 gms, 22.51 mm. 0 degrees maridvnvm
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Tetricus II, RIC 272 Colonia Agrippina, 273-274 CE.AE Antonia Of Tetricus II as Caesar
Obverse: C PIV ESV TETRICVS CAES, draped and radiated bust right.
Reverse: SPES P VBLICA, Speas walking left, holding flower.
Mint (Koln) Colonia Agrippina RIC 272
Colonia20.8 mm., 3.1 g.NORMAN K
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RIC.57 Postumus: antoninianus (P M TR P IIII COS III P P)Postumus, Gallic emperor (usurper) (260-269)
Antonianus: P M TR P IIII COS III P P (3rd émission, 1st phase, 263-265, Trèves)
Billon (150 ‰), 4.27 g, diameter 21 mm, die axis 1 h
A/ IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG; radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R/ PP M TR P-IIII-COS III PP; Mars walking right with spear and trophy.
EG.36
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(0010) ANTONIA(daughter of Mark Antony; mother of Claudius; grandmother of Caligula)
b. ca. 36 BC, d. 37 AD
AE ORICHALCUM DUPONDIUS 28.5 11.98 g
STRUCK BY CLAUDIUS, ca. 50 - 54 AD
O: ANTONIA AVGVSTA, bare-headed bust right, hair in long plait
R: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP (P P) S C, Claudius veiled and togate, standing left, holding simpulum
RIC 1 104laney
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(0010) ANTONIAANTONIA
(daughter of Mark Antony; mother of Claudius; grandmother of Caligula)
b. ca. 36 BC, d. 37 AD
AE ORICHALCUM DUPONDIUS 28.5 11.98 g
STRUCK BY CLAUDIUS, ca. 50 - 54 AD
O: ANTONIA AVGVSTA, bare-headed bust right, hair in long plait
R: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP (P P) S C, Claudius veiled and togate, standing left, holding simpulum
RIC 1 104 laney
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001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-14, AR-denarius, LEG II, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-14, AR-denarius, LEG II, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,
avers: LEG II, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,5mm, weight: 3,29g, axes: 5h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: 32-31 B.C., ref: Crawford-544/14, Sydenham-1216, RSC-27, BMCRR East 185-225; Babelon: Antonia 101; Sydenham 1212 ; Catalli 2001,886.
Q-001quadrans
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001m. Lucius AntonyLucius was the younger brother of Marc Antony. Also rebelled against Octavian. During the winter of 41–40 BC, he was besieged in Perusia (present-day Perugia) and starved into surrender. His life was spared, and he was sent by Octavian to Spain as governor. Nothing is known of the circumstances or date of his death.
Coin: Denarius. L. Cocceius Nerva, quaestor pro praetore. Military mint moving with Antony, 41 BC. M•ANT•IMP•AVG III VIR•R•P•C•M NERVA PRO•Q•P, bare head of Marc Antony right / L•ANTONIVS COS, bare head of Lucius Antonius right. Crawford 517/5a; CRI 246; RSC Antonia 48 and Cocceia 2. 3.83g, 18mm. Roma Numismatics Auction 75 Lot 564.
lawrence c
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005a. AntoniaF/F Antonia Dupondis
Attribution: RIC 92
Date: 41-54 AD
Obverse: ANTONIA AVGVSTA, bust r.
Reverse: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP P P S C. Claudius standing left, holding simpulum
Size: 29.04 mm
Weight: 10.2 grams
Check
ecoli
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005a. AntoniaAntonia
she exposed a plot between her daughter Livilla and Sejanus, Tiberius's Praetorian Prefect. This led to Sejanus's downfall and to the death of Livilla. Claudius, her biggest disappointment (she once called him a "monster") was the only one of her children to survive her.
She committed suicide in 37 AD on Caligula's orders after expressing unhappiness over the murder of her youngest grandson, Tiberius Gemellus. There is a passage in Suetonius's "Life of Gaius" that mentions how Caligula may have given her poison himself. Renowned for her beauty and virtue, Antonia spent her long life revered by the Roman people and enjoyed many honors conferred upon her by her relatives.
Æ Dupondius (10.61 gm). Struck by Claudius. Draped bust right / Claudius standing left, holding simpulum. RIC I 92 (Claudius); BMCRE 166 (same); Cohen 6. Ex-CNG
Checkecoli
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005bb. Antonia, daughter of Claudius JUDAEA, Roman Administration. Claudius, with Britannicus, Antonia, and Octavia. AD 41-54. Æ (23mm, 12.02 g, 12h). Caesarea Panias mint. Struck before 49 CE. Laureate head of Claudius left / The children of Claudius: from left to right, Antonia, Britannicus, and Octavia, the two daughters each holding a cornucopia. Meshorer 350; Hendin 1259; Sofaer 83; RPC I 4842. Fair, green and brown patina with touches of red. Rare.ecoli
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005f. Antonia MinorDaughter of Marc Antony; Wife of Nero Drusus; Mother of Claudius; Grandmother of Caligula. Antonia was popular and highly respected by the Romans. She died around 37 AD, possibly by a suicide forced by Caligula.lawrence c
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005f01. Antonia MinorAE Dupondius. 28.8mm, 13.91 g. ca 50-54 AD. Struck under Claudius. Obv: ANTONIA AVGVSTA, draped bust right. Rev: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP P P S C, Claudius, togate, standing left with simpulum. Cohen 6, RIC 104. A FORUM coin.lawrence c
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005h. Claudia AntoniaDaughter of Claudius. Provincial coinage.lawrence c
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007 Antonia (?-37 A.D.), RIC I 092 (Claudius), Rome, AE-As(?), (Claudius) Claudius, togate, standing left, S C at sides,007 Antonia (?-37 A.D.), RIC I 092 (Claudius), Rome, AE-As(?), (Claudius) Claudius, togate, standing left, S C at sides,
Antonia, mother of Claudius. Died 37 AD.
avers:- ANTONIA AVGVSTA, draped bust of Antonia right.
revers:- TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP, S-C across field, Claudius, togate, standing left, holding simpulum.
exerg: S/C//--, diameter: 26,5mm, weight: 9,54g, axes:10h,
mint: Rome, date: Struck circa 41-50 A.D., ref: RIC I 92 (Claudius), Cohen 6, BMCRE 166 (Claudius),
Q-001quadrans
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01 - Personalities of the EmpirePompey, Brutus, Julius Caesar, Marc Antony, Augustus, Livia, Caius & Lucius, Agrippa, Nero Claudius Drusus, Germanicus, Agrippina Sr., Tiberius, Drusus and Antoniamdelvalle
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010a Antonia. AE dupondus 14.4gmrev: ANTONIA AVGVSTA drp. bust r.
rev: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG PM TR P Imp. Claudius veiled and togate std. l.,
r. holding simpulem/ SC
"doughter of M. Antony, wife of N.C Drusus"hill132
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010b Antonia. AE dupondus obv: ANTONIA AVGVSTA drp. bust r.
rev: TI CLAUDIVS CAESAR AVG PM TR P IMP Claudius veiled and togate,
holding simpulum/SC
hill132
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011a Germanicus. AE As 10.96gmobv: GERMANICVS CAESAR TI AVG F DIVI AVG N bare head l.
rev: C CAESAR DIVI AVG PRON AVG PM TR P IIII PP/SC
"son of N.C.Drusus and Antonia"hill132
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011p Gaius (Caligula) and Antonia Minor, (37-41 A.D.), Macedonia, Thessalonica, RPC I 1573, AE22, Head of Antonia left, Scarce! #1011p Gaius (Caligula) and Antonia Minor, (37-41 A.D.), Macedonia, Thessalonica, RPC I 1573, AE22, Head of Antonia left, Scarce! #1
avers: Γ.KAIΣAP ΣEBAΣTOΣ, Laureate head of Gaius Caligula left,
reverse: ΓEPMANIKOΣ C(?)E.ΘEΣΣAΛONIKEΩN, Head of Antonia Minor left.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 22,0mm, weight: 9,07g, axis: 5h,
mint: City: Thessalonica, Region: Macedonia, Province: Macedonia, date: 37-41 A.D.,
ref: RPC I 1573, Touratsoglou, Caligula 3-11, 21-4,
19 Specimens
Q-001quadrans
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028 - ANTONIAAntonia
Antonia 36 BC - 37 was the younger of two daughters of Mark Antony and Octavia Minor. She was a niece of the Emperor Augustus, sister-in-law of the Emperor Tiberius, paternal grandmother of the Emperor Caligula and Empress Agrippina the Younger, mother of the Emperor Claudius, and both maternal great-grandmother and paternal great-aunt of the Emperor Nero
for obverse, reverse and coin details click hereshanxi
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052a12. PostumusAntonianus. Obverse: IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, Radiate, draped cuirassed bust right. Reverse: FIDES EXERCITVS, Four military standards. 22.5 mm, 3.38 g. RIC VII 303. lawrence c
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052a18. PostumusAntonianus. Trier mint, 262 AD. Obv: IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right. Rev: NEPTVNO REDVCI, Neptune standing left, holding dolphin and trident, prow left below. RIC 76, RSC 205a, Sear 10963.lawrence c
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12-01 - ANTONIA (36 A.C. - 37 D.C.)AE Dupondio 27 mm 10.2 gr. (IMITACIÓN PROVINCIAL)
Hija de Marco Antonio y Octavia, nieta de Augusto, esposa de Nero Claudius Drusus y madre de Germánico y Claudio. Emisión póstuma acuñada por su hijo Claudio
Anv: "ANTONIA [AVG]VSTA" - Busto vestido viendo a derecha.
Rev: "TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG PM [TR P] IMP - S C" - Claudio de pié a izquierda, vistiendo toga y velo, portando Simpulum en mano derecha extendida y pergamino enrollado en izquierda.
Acuñada 41 - 42 D.C.
Ceca: Inicialmente acreditada por mí a Roma, pero finalmente corregida esta acreditación por el Sr. Curtis Clay como una imitación Provincial.
Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #92 Pag.127 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 (Claudius) #1902 Pag.375 - BMCRE #166 - Cohen Vol.1 #6 Pag.223 - DVM #3 Pag.77 - CBN (Claudius) #143 - Von Kaenel Tipo 15 #292 (V216/R262)mdelvalle
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12-1 - ANTONIA (36 A.C. - 37 D.C.)AE Dupondio 27 mm 10.2 gr. (IMITACIÓN PROVINCIAL)
Hija de Marco Antonio y Octavia, nieta de Augusto, esposa de Nero Claudius Drusus y madre de Germánico y Claudio. Emisión póstuma acuñada por su hijo Claudio
Anv: "ANTONIA [AVG]VSTA" - Busto vestido viendo a derecha.
Rev: "TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG PM [TR P] IMP - S C" - Claudio de pié a izquierda, vistiendo toga y velo, portando Simpulum en mano derecha extendida y pergamino enrollado en izquierda.
Acuñada 41 - 42 D.C.
Ceca: Inicialmente acreditada por mí a Roma, pero finalmente corregida esta acreditación por el Sr. Curtis Clay como una imitación Provincial.
Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #92 Pag.127 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 (Claudius) #1902 Pag.375 - BMCRE #166 - Cohen Vol.1 #6 Pag.223 - DVM #3 Pag.77 - CBN (Claudius) #143 - Von Kaenel Tipo 15 #292 (V216/R262)mdelvalle
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132 - Probus - RIC -Antonianus
Obv:–IMP PROBVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– PIAETAS AVG, Pietas standing left by altar, holding patera and box of perfumes
Minted in Lugdunum (_ | C) Emission 9. Officina 2. January – August 282 A.D.
Reference(s) – Cohen 436. Bastien 411 (4).RIC - Bust type F (Unlisted obverse legend, after RIC 120)
4.16g. 22.86mm. 180 degreesmaridvnvm
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132 - Probus - RIC -Antonianus
Obv:–IMP PROBVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– PIAETAS AVG, Pietas standing left by altar, holding patera and box of perfumes
Minted in Lugdunum (_ | retrograde C) Emission 9. Officina 2. January – August 282 A.D.
Reference(s) – Cohen 436. Bastien 418 (1).RIC - Bust type F (Unlisted obverse legend, after RIC 120)
3.61g. 23.07mm. 180 degrees maridvnvm
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132 - Probus - RIC 030 - Bust Type C var (Lugdunum) (III in exe)Antonianus
Obv:–IMP C M AVR PROBVS AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right (seen from rear)
Rev:– FIDES VICTOR, Fides standing left, holding two ensigns
Minted in Lugdunum (III) Emission 6, Officina 3. A.D. 278 - 279
Reference(s) – RIC 30 Bust Type C (Rated R3), Cohen 267, Bastien 290 (2 ex.)
3.96 gms, 24.00 mm. 0 degrees maridvnvm
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132 - Probus - RIC 052 var - Bust Type F (Lugdunum) (I)Antonianus
Obv:– IMP C M AR(sic) PROBVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– TEMPORVM FELICITAS, Felicitas standing right, holding caduceus and cornucopiae
Minted in Lugdunum (I) Emission 1, Officina 1. Early A.D. 277
Reference(s) – Cohen 729, Bastien 151b (151 has AVR and cites 15 examples). RIC 52 var Bust type F (C).
Weight 3.53g. 22.85mm. 0 degreesmaridvnvm
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132 - Probus - RIC 084 var - Bust Type F (Lugdunum) (IIII)Antonianus
Obv:– IMP C PROBVS • P • F • AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– MARS VICTOR, Mars walking right, holding spear and trophy
Minted in Lugdunum (//IIII) Emission 6, Officina 4. A.D. 278 - A.D. 279
Reference:– Cohen 334. Bastien –. Bastien Suppl. II 294B (this example). RIC 84 Bust Type F var (officina)
Paul Francis Jacquier - Auction 45 (2018) - Lot 1374
ex-Philippe Gysen Collection
Paul Francis Jacquier Auction 21 (1998), Lot 557
The only known example from this officina.maridvnvm
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132 - Probus - RIC 106 - Bust Type G (Lugdunum) (I)Antonianus
Obv:– VIRTVS PROBI AVG, Radiate, helmeted, cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield
Rev:– TEMPOR FELICI, Felicitas standing right, holding caduceus and cornucopiae
Minted in Lugdunum (I) Emission 5, Officina 1. End A.D. 277 – Early A.D. 278
Reference:– Bastien 209 (11 examples cited). RIC 106 Bust Type G.maridvnvm
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132 - Probus - RIC 157 Bust Type FAntonianus
Obv:– IMP PROBVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– ADVENTVS AVG, Emperor on horseback left, raising hand and holding a sceptre, squashed captive underfoot
Minted in Rome (R crescent S) Emission 4 Officina 6. A.D. 279
Reference:– RIC 157 Bust type Fmaridvnvm
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132 - Probus - RIC 169 Bust Type FAntonianus
Obv:– IMP PROBVS P F AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– FIDES MILITVM, Fides standing left, holding two ensigns
Minted in Rome (R Thunderbolt E) Emission 6, Officina 5. A.D. 281
Reference:– RIC 169 Bust type Fmaridvnvm
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132 - Probus - RIC 170 Bust Type FAntonianus
Obv:–PROBVS P F AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:–FIDES MILITVM, Fides standing left, holding two ensigns
Minted in Rome (RIE) Emission 7 Officina 5. A.D. 282
Reference:– RIC 170 Bust type F
3.16g, 22.89mm, 180omaridvnvm
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132 - Probus - RIC 213 Bust Type FAntonianus
Obv:– IMP PROBVS P F AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– VICTORIA AVG, Victory walking left, holding wreath and trophy
Minted in Rome (//R thunderbolt Stigma) Emission 6 Officina 5. A.D. 281
Reference:– RIC 213 Bust type Fmaridvnvm
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132 - Probus - RIC 573 Bust Type FAntonianus
Obv:–IMP C PROBVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– SECVRIT PERP, Securitas standing left, legs crossed, leaning on column, right hand raised to head
Minted in Ticinum (Cursive Digamma XXI). 6th emission, second phase (with XXI), A.D. 279
Reference:– RIC 573 Bust type F (C).
4.98 gms, 23.65 mm. 180 degrees.maridvnvm
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132 - Probus - RIC 722 varAntonianus
Obv:–VIRTVS PROBI AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust left, with spear
Rev:– PROVIDENT AVG, Providentia standing left, holding globe and sceptre
Minted in Siscia (_ | Q / XXI). 7th emission, A.D. 280
Reference:– RIC 722 var. (Unlisted bust type). This bust type also unlisted in Alföldi as is this officina
3.93 gms.21.61 mm. 180 degrees.maridvnvm
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132 - Probus - RIC 862 Bust Type HAntonianus
Obv:– IMP C M AVR PROBVS AVG, Radiate bust left in imperial mantle, holding sceptre surmounted by eagle
Rev:– SOLI INVICTO, Sol in a spread quadriga facing, radiate, cloak billowing out behind, raising right hand, holding whip in left
Minted in Serdica (KAB) Emission 4, Officina 2. Minted A.D. 277.
Reference:– RIC 862 Bust type H
Nearly filly silvered.
maridvnvm
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1an GermanicusAdopted by Tiberius in 4 AD, died mysteriously in 19
As, struck by Caligula
Bare head, left, GERMANICVS CAESAR TI AVGVST F DIVI AVG N
C CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS PON M TR POT SC
RIC 57
Germanicus Julius Caesar (c16 BC-AD 19) was was born in Lugdunum, Gaul (modern Lyon). At birth he was named either Nero Claudius Drusus after his father or Tiberius Claudius Nero after his uncle. He received the agnomen Germanicus, in 9 BC, when it was posthumously awarded to his father in honour of his victories in Germania. Germanicus was the grandson-in-law and great-nephew of the Emperor Augustus, nephew and adoptive son of the Emperor Tiberius, father of the Emperor Caligula, brother of the Emperor Claudius, and the maternal grandfather of the Emperor Nero. He married his maternal second cousin Agrippina the Elder, a granddaughter of Augustus, between 5 and 1 BC. The couple had nine children. Two died very young; another, Gaius Julius Caesar, died in early childhood. The remaining six were: Nero Caesar, Drusus Caesar, the Emperor Caligula, the Empress Agrippina the Younger, Julia Drusilla, and Julia Livilla.
According to Suetonius: Germanicus, who was the son of Drusus the Elder and Antonia the Younger, was adopted (in 4AD) by Germanicus’s paternal uncle, Tiberius. He served as quaestor (in7AD) five years before the legal age and became consul (in12AD) without holding the intermediate offices. On the death of Augustus (in AD14) he was appointed to command the army in Germany, where, his filial piety and determination vying for prominence, he held the legions to their oath, though they stubbornly opposed Tiberius’s succession, and wished him to take power for himself.
He followed this with victory in Germany, for which he celebrated a triumph (in 17 AD), and was chosen as consul for a second time (18 AD) though unable to take office as he was despatched to the East to restore order there. He defeated the forces of the King of Armenia, and reduced Cappadocia to provincial status, but then died at Antioch, at the age of only thirty-three (in AD 19), after a lingering illness, though there was also suspicion that he had been poisoned. For as well as the livid stains which covered his body, and the foam on his lips, the heart was found entire among the ashes after his cremation, its total resistance to flame being a characteristic of that organ, they say, when it is filled with poison.
All considered Germanicus exceptional in body and mind, to a quite outstanding degree. Remarkably brave and handsome; a master of Greek and Latin oratory and learning; singularly benevolent; he was possessed of a powerful desire and vast capacity for winning respect and inspiring affection.
His scrawny legs were less in keeping with the rest of his figure, but he gradually fleshed them out by assiduous exercise on horseback after meals. He often killed enemy warriors in hand-to-hand combat; still pleaded cases in the courts even after receiving his triumph; and left various Greek comedies behind amongst other fruits of his studies.
At home and abroad his manners were unassuming, such that he always entered free or allied towns without his lictors.
Whenever he passed the tombs of famous men, he always offered a sacrifice to their shades. And he was the first to initiate a personal search for the scattered remains of Varus’s fallen legionaries, and have them gathered together, so as to inter them in a single burial mound.
As for Germanicus, Tiberius appreciated him so little, that he dismissed his famous deeds as trivial, and his brilliant victories as ruinous to the Empire. He complained to the Senate when Germanicus left for Alexandria (AD19) without consulting him, on the occasion there of a terrible and swift-spreading famine. It was even believed that Tiberius arranged for his poisoning at the hands of Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, the Governor of Syria, and that Piso would have revealed the written instructions at his trial, had Tiberius not retrieved them during a private interview, before having Piso put to death. As a result, the words: ‘Give us back Germanicus!’ were posted on the walls, and shouted at night, all throughout Rome. The suspicion surrounding Germanicus’ death (19 AD) was deepened by Tiberius’s cruel treatment of Germanicus’s wife, Agrippina the Elder, and their children.Blindado
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1ao Caligula37-41
As
Bare head, left, C CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS PON M TR POT
Vesta std, VESTA SC
RIC 38
The son of Germanicus, modern research suggests, was not as bad a ruler as history generally supposes, but the winners write the history, and Caligula had the dubious honor of being the first loser to die in the purple at the hand of assassins.
Suetonius recorded: Gaius Caesar (Caligula) was born on the 31st of August AD12, in the consulship of his father, Germanicus, and Gaius Fonteius Capito. The sources disagree as to his place of birth. Gnaeus Lentulus Gaetulicus claims it was Tibur (Tivoli), Pliny the Elder, says it was among the Treveri in the village of Ambitarvium, above Confluentes (the site of Koblenz) at the junction of the Moselle and Rhine. . . . His surname Caligula (‘Little Boot’) was bestowed on him affectionately by the troops because he was brought up amongst them, dressed in soldier’s gear.
Caligula accompanied his father, Germanicus, to Syria (in AD 19). On his return, he lived with his mother, Agrippina the Elder until she was exiled (in 29 AD), and then with his great-grandmother Livia. When Livia died (in 29 AD), he gave her eulogy from the rostra even though he was not of age. He was then cared for by his grandmother Antonia the Younger, until at the age of eighteen Tiberius summoned him to Capreae (Capri, in AD 31). On that day he assumed his gown of manhood and shaved off his first beard, but without the ceremony that had attended his brothers’ coming of age.
On Capraea, though every trick was tried to lure him, or force him, into making complaints against Tiberius, he ignored all provocation, . . . behaving so obsequiously to his adoptive grandfather, Tiberius, and the entire household, that the quip made regarding him was well borne out, that there was never a better slave or a worse master.
Even in those days, his cruel and vicious character was beyond his control, and he was an eager spectator of torture and executions meted out in punishment. At night, disguised in wig and long robe, he abandoned himself to gluttony and adulterous behaviour. He was passionately devoted it seems to the theatrical arts, to dancing and singing, a taste in him which Tiberius willingly fostered, in the hope of civilizing his savage propensities.
And came near to assuming a royal diadem at once, turning the semblance of a principate into an absolute monarchy. Indeed, advised by this that he outranked princes and kings, he began thereafter to claim divine power, sending to Greece for the most sacred or beautiful statues of the gods, including the Jupiter of Olympia, so that the heads could be exchanged for his own. He then extended the Palace as far as the Forum, making the Temple of Castor and Pollux its vestibule, and would often present himself to the populace there, standing between the statues of the divine brothers, to be worshipped by whoever appeared, some hailing him as ‘Jupiter Latiaris’. He also set up a special shrine to himself as god, with priests, the choicest sacrificial victims, and a life-sized golden statue of himself, which was dressed each day in clothes of identical design to those he chose to wear.
He habitually committed incest with each of his three sisters, seating them in turn below him at large banquets while his wife reclined above. . . . His preferred method of execution was by the infliction of many slight wounds, and his order, issued as a matter of routine, became notorious: ‘Cut him so he knows he is dying.’ Blindado
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1ao3 Julia DrusillaAE 20 of Smyrna (Izmir, Turkey)
Laureate head of Caligula, right, ΓAION KAICAPA EΠI AOYIOΛA
Drusilla as Persephone seated left, poppies between two stalks of grain in right hand, long scepter vertical behind in left hand, ∆POYCIΛΛAN ZMYPNAIΩN MHNOΦANHC
Caligula’s sister
Klose XXVIII, 27 (Vs4/Rs10); RPC I 2472; SNG Cop 1343; SNGvA 2202; BMC Ionia p. 269, 272
According to Suetonius’ salacious account: Germanicus had married Agrippina the Elder, daughter of Marcus Agrippa and Julia the Elder, and she had borne him nine children. Two died in infancy, another in early childhood. . . .
The other children survived their father: three girls, Agrippina the Younger, Drusilla and Livilla, born in successive years; and three boys, Nero, Drusus, and Gaius Caesar (Caligula). . . . [Caligula] habitually committed incest with each of his three sisters, seating them in turn below him at large banquets while his wife reclined above. It is believed that he violated Drusilla’s virginity while a minor, and been caught in bed with her by his grandmother Antonia, in whose household they were jointly raised. Later, when Drusilla was married to Lucius Cassius Longinus, an ex-consul, he took her from him and openly treated her as his lawful married wife. When he fell ill he made her heir to his estate and the throne.
When Drusilla died (in 38AD) he declared a period of public mourning during which it was a capital offense to laugh, or bathe, or to dine with parents, spouse or children. Caligula himself was so overcome with grief that he fled the City in the middle of the night, and travelled through Campania, and on to Syracuse, returning again with the same degree of haste, and without cutting his hair or shaving. From that time forwards whenever he took an important oath, even in public or in front of the army, he always swore by Drusilla’s divinity.Blindado
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1ap Claudius41-54
As
Bare head, left, TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP
Libertas, LIBERTAS AVGVSTA SC
RIC 97
According to Suetonius: Claudius was born at Lugdunum (Lyon) on the 1st of August 10BC in the consulship of Iullus Antonius and Fabius Africanus, on the day when the very first altar to Augustus was dedicated there, the child being given the name Tiberius Claudius Drusus. When his elder brother Germanicus was adopted into the Julian family (in 4 AD), he added the name Germanicus also. He lost his father when still an infant (in 9 BC), and throughout his childhood and youth was severely afflicted by various stubborn ailments so that his mind and body lacked vigour, and even when he attained his majority he was not considered capable of a public or private career.
Nevertheless, he applied himself to liberal studies from his earliest youth, and often published examples of his proficiency in each area, though even so he was excluded from public office and failed to inspire any brighter hopes for his future. His mother Antonia the Younger often condemned him as an unfinished freak of Nature, and when accusing someone of stupidity would say: ‘He’s a bigger fool than my son Claudius.’ His grandmother Augusta (Livia) always treated him with utter contempt, and rarely even spoke to him, admonishing him, when she chose to do so, in brief harsh missives, or via her messengers. When his sister Livilla heard the prophecy that he would be Emperor some day, she prayed openly and loudly that Rome might be spared so cruel and unmerited a fate.
Having spent the larger part of his life in such circumstances, he became emperor at the age of fifty (in AD41) by a remarkable stroke of fate. Caligula’s assassins had dispersed the crowd on the pretext that the Emperor wished for solitude, and Claudius, shut out with the rest, retired to a room called the Hermaeum, but shortly afterwards, terrified by news of the murder, crept off to a nearby balcony and hid behind the door-curtains. A Guard, who was wandering about the Palace at random, spotting a pair of feet beneath the curtain where Claudius was cowering, dragged the man out to identify him, and as Claudius fell to the ground in fear, recognised him, and acclaimed him Emperor.
Eutropius summarizes: His reign was of no striking character; he acted, in many respects, with gentleness and moderation, in some with cruelty and folly. He made war upon Britain, which no Roman since Julius Caesar had visited; and, having reduced it through the agency of Cnaeus Sentius and Aulus Plautius, illustrious and noble men, he celebrated a magnificent triumph. Certain islands also, called the Orcades, situated in the ocean, beyond Britain, he added to the Roman empire, and gave his son the name of Britannicus. . . . He lived to the age of sixty-four, and reigned fourteen years; and after his death was consecrated3 and deified.
This was the first "good" coin I ever bought and therefore marks the begiining of an addiction.Blindado
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1ap_2 MessalinaThird wife of Claudius, married in 38 (?)
AE 20, Knossos mint
Bare head of Claudius left, CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS
Draped bust of Messalina right, VALERIA MESSALINA [CAPITONE CYTHERONTE IIVIR] or [CYTHERO CAPITONE] (end of legend off flan)
According to Suetonius: [Claudius] was betrothed twice at an early age: to Aemilia Lepida, great-granddaughter of Augustus, and to Livia Medullina, who also had the surname of Camilla and was descended from the ancient family of Camillus the dictator. He put away the former before their marriage, because her parents had offended Augustus; the latter was taken ill and died on the very day which had been set for the wedding. He then married Plautia Urgulanilla, whose father had been honoured with a triumph, and later Aelia Paetina, daughter of an ex-consul. He divorced both these, Paetina for trivial offences, but Urgulanilla because of scandalous lewdness and the suspicion of murder. Then he married Valeria Messalina, daughter of his cousin Messala Barbatus. But when he learned that besides other shameful and wicked deeds she had actually married Gaius Silius, and that a formal contract had been signed in the presence of witnesses, he put her to death and declared before the assembled praetorian guard that inasmuch as his marriages did not turn out well, he would remain a widower, and if he did not keep his word, he would not refuse death at their hands. . . . [He later married Agrippina Jr.]
He had children by three of his wives: by Urgulanilla, Drusus and Claudia; by Paetina, Antonia; by Messalina, Octavia and a son, at first called Germanicus and later Britannicus. . . .
But it is beyond all belief, that at the marriage which Messalina had contracted with her paramour Silius he signed the contract for the dowry with his own hand, being induced to do so on the ground that the marriage was a feigned one, designed to avert and turn upon another a danger which was inferred from certain portents to threaten the emperor himself. . . .
He was so terror-stricken by unfounded reports of conspiracies that he had tried to abdicate. When, as I have mentioned before, a man with a dagger was caught near him as he was sacrificing, he summoned the senate in haste by criers and loudly and tearfully bewailed his lot, saying that there was no safety for him anywhere; and for a long time he would not appear in public. His ardent love for Messalina too was cooled, not so much by her unseemly and insulting conduct, as through fear of danger, since he believed that her paramour Silius aspired to the throne. . . .
Appius Silanus met his downfall. When Messalina and Narcissus had put their heads together to destroy him, they agreed on their parts and the latter rushed into his patron's bed-chamber before daybreak in pretended consternation, declaring that he had dreamed that Appius had made an attack on the emperor. Then Messalina, with assumed surprise, declared that she had had the same dream for several successive nights. A little later, as had been arranged, Appius, who had received orders the day before to come at that time, was reported to be forcing his way in, and as if were proof positive of the truth of the dream, his immediate accusation and death were ordered. . . .
Blindado
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41-54 AD - ANTONIA AE16 of Thessalonica - struck under Claudius obv: ANTWNIA (draped bust right, hair tied in queue down neck)
rev: TECCALO-NEIKEWN (Nike on globe left, holding wreath and palm)
ref: RPC 1582, SNG ANS 840
mint: Thessalonica, Macedonia
4.74 gms, 16 mm
Very rare - original green patina
Antonia was daughter of Marc Antony and Octavia, wife of Nero Claudius Drusus, sister-in-law of Tiberius, mother of Claudius, and grandmother of Caligula. berserker
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710a, Vespasian, 1 July 69 - 24 June 79 A.D.Silver denarius, RIC II, 10, aVF, 3.5 g, 18mm, Rome mint, 69-71 AD; Obverse: IMP CAESA[R] VESPASIANV[S AV]G - Laureate head right; Reverse: COS ITER [T]R POT - Pax seated left holding branch and caduceus. Ex Imperial Coins.
De Imperatoribus Romanis:
An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families
Titus Flavius Vespasianus (A.D. 69-79)
John Donahue
College of William and Mary
Introduction
Titus Flavius Vespasianus (b. A.D. 9, d. A.D. 79, emperor A.D. 69-79) restored peace and stability to an empire in disarray following the death of Nero in A.D. 68. In the process he established the Flavian dynasty as the legitimate successor to the Imperial throne. Although we lack many details about the events and chronology of his reign, Vespasian provided practical leadership and a return to stable government - accomplishments which, when combined with his other achievements, make his emperorship particularly notable within the history of the Principate.
Early Life and Career
Vespasian was born at Falacrina near Sabine Reate on 17 November, A.D. 9, the son of T. Flavius Sabinus, a successful tax collector and banker, and Vespasia Polla. Both parents were of equestrian status. Few details of his first fifteen years survive, yet it appears that his father and mother were often away from home on business for long periods. As a result, Vespasian's early education became the responsibility of his paternal grandmother, Tertulla. [[1]] In about A.D. 25 Vespasian assumed the toga virilis and later accepted the wearing of the latus clavus, and with it the senatorial path that his older brother, T. Flavius Sabinus, had already chosen. [[2]] Although many of the particulars are lacking, the posts typically occupied by one intent upon a senatorial career soon followed: a military tribunate in Thrace, perhaps for three or four years; a quaestorship in Crete-Cyrene; and the offices of aedile and praetor, successively, under the emperor Gaius. [[3]]
It was during this period that Vespasian married Flavia Domitilla. Daughter of a treasury clerk and former mistress of an African knight, Flavia lacked the social standing and family connections that the politically ambitious usually sought through marriage. In any case, the couple produced three children, a daughter, also named Flavia Domitilla, and two sons, the future emperors Titus and Domitian . Flavia did not live to witness her husband's emperorship and after her death Vespasian returned to his former mistress Caenis, who had been secretary to Antonia (daughter of Marc Antony and mother of Claudius). Caenis apparently exerted considerable influence over Vespasian, prompting Suetonius to assert that she remained his wife in all but name, even after he became emperor. [[4]]
Following the assassination of Gaius on 24 January, A.D. 41, Vespasian advanced rapidly, thanks in large part to the new princeps Claudius, whose favor the Flavians had wisely secured with that of Antonia, the mother of Germanicus, and of Claudius' freedmen, especially Narcissus. [[5]] The emperor soon dispatched Vespasian to Argentoratum (Strasbourg) as legatus legionis II Augustae, apparently to prepare the legion for the invasion of Britain. Vespasian first appeared at the battle of Medway in A.D. 43, and soon thereafter led his legion across the south of England, where he engaged the enemy thirty times in battle, subdued two tribes, and conquered the Isle of Wight. According to Suetonius, these operations were conducted partly under Claudius and partly under Vespasian's commander, Aulus Plautius. Vespasian's contributions, however, did not go unnoticed; he received the ornamenta triumphalia and two priesthoods from Claudius for his exploits in Britain. [[6]]
By the end of A.D. 51 Vespasian had reached the consulship, the pinnacle of a political career at Rome. For reasons that remain obscure he withdrew from political life at this point, only to return when chosen proconsul of Africa about A.D. 63-64. His subsequent administration of the province was marked by severity and parsimony, earning him a reputation for being scrupulous but unpopular. [[7]] Upon completion of his term, Vespasian returned to Rome where, as a senior senator, he became a man of influence in the emperor Nero's court. [[8]] Important enough to be included on Nero's tour of Greece in A.D. 66-67, Vespasian soon found himself in the vicinity of increasing political turbulence in the East. The situation would prove pivotal in advancing his career.
Judaea and the Accession to Power
In response to rioting in Caesarea and Jerusalem that had led to the slaughter in the latter city of Jewish leaders and Roman soldiers, Nero granted to Vespasian in A.D. 66 a special command in the East with the objective of settling the revolt in Judaea. By spring A.D. 67, with 60,000 legionaries, auxiliaries, and allies under his control, Vespasian set out to subdue Galilee and then to cut off Jerusalem. Success was quick and decisive. By October all of Galilee had been pacified and plans for the strategic encirclement of Jerusalem were soon formed. [[9]] Meanwhile, at the other end of the empire, the revolts of Gaius Iulius Vindex, governor of Gallia Lugdunensis, and Servius Sulpicius Galba , governor of Hispania Tarraconensis, had brought Nero's reign to the brink of collapse. The emperor committed suicide in June, A.D. 68, thereby ensuring chaos for the next eighteen months, as first Galba and then Marcus Salvius Otho and Aulus Vitellius acceded to power. Each lacked broad-based military and senatorial support; each would be violently deposed in turn. [[10]]
Still occupied with plans against Jerusalem, Vespasian swore allegiance to each emperor. Shortly after Vitellius assumed power in spring, A.D. 69, however, Vespasian met on the border of Judaea and Syria with Gaius Licinius Mucianus, governor of Syria, and after a series of private and public consultations, the two decided to revolt. [[11]] On July 1, at the urging of Tiberius Alexander, prefect of Egypt, the legions of Alexandria declared for Vespasian, as did the legions of Judaea two days later. By August all of Syria and the Danube legions had done likewise. Vespasian next dispatched Mucianus to Italy with 20,000 troops, while he set out from Syria to Alexandria in order to control grain shipments for the purpose of starving Italy into submission. [[12]] The siege of Jerusalem he placed in the hands of his son Titus.
Meanwhile, the Danubian legions, unwilling to wait for Mucianus' arrival, began their march against Vitellius ' forces. The latter army, suffering from a lack of discipline and training, and unaccustomed to the heat of Rome, was defeated at Cremona in late October. [[13]] By mid-December the Flavian forces had reached Carsulae, 95 kilometers north of Rome on the Flaminian Road, where the Vitellians, with no further hope of reinforcements, soon surrendered. At Rome, unable to persuade his followers to accept terms for his abdication, Vitellius was in peril. On the morning of December 20 the Flavian army entered Rome. By that afternoon, the emperor was dead. [[14]]
Tacitus records that by December 22, A.D. 69, Vespasian had been given all the honors and privileges usually granted to emperors. Even so, the issue remains unclear, owing largely to a surviving fragment of an enabling law, the lex de imperio Vespasiani, which conferred powers, privileges, and exemptions, most with Julio-Claudian precedents, on the new emperor. Whether the fragment represents a typical granting of imperial powers that has uniquely survived in Vespasian's case, or is an attempt to limit or expand such powers, remains difficult to know. In any case, the lex sanctioned all that Vespasian had done up to its passing and gave him authority to act as he saw fit on behalf of the Roman people. [[15]]
What does seem clear is that Vespasian felt the need to legitimize his new reign with vigor. He zealously publicized the number of divine omens that predicted his accession and at every opportunity he accumulated multiple consulships and imperial salutations. He also actively promoted the principle of dynastic succession, insisting that the emperorship would fall to his son. The initiative was fulfilled when Titus succeeded his father in A.D. 79.[[16]]
Emperorship
Upon his arrival in Rome in late summer, A.D. 70, Vespasian faced the daunting task of restoring a city and a government ravaged by the recent civil wars. Although many particulars are missing, a portrait nevertheles emerges of a ruler conscientiously committed to the methodical renewal of both city and empire. Concerning Rome itself, the emperor encouraged rebuilding on vacated lots, restored the Capitol (burned in A.D. 69), and also began work on several new buildings: a temple to the deified Claudius on the Caelian Hill, a project designed to identify Vespasian as a legitimate heir to the Julio-Claudians, while distancing himself from Nero ; a temple of Peace near the Forum; and the magnificent Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheatre), located on the site of the lake of Nero 's Golden House. [[17]]
Claiming that he needed forty thousand million sesterces for these projects and for others aimed at putting the state on more secure footing, Vespasian is said to have revoked various imperial immunities, manipulated the supply of certain commodities to inflate their price, and increased provincial taxation. [[18]] The measures are consistent with his characterization in the sources as both obdurate and avaricious. There were occasional political problems as well: Helvidius Priscus, an advocate of senatorial independence and a critic of the Flavian regime from the start, was exiled after A.D. 75 and later executed; Marcellus Eprius and A. Alienus Caecina were condemned by Titus for conspiracy, the former committing suicide, the latter executed in A.D. 79.
As Suetonius claims, however, in financial matters Vespasian always put revenues to the best possible advantage, regardless of their source. Tacitus, too, offers a generally favorable assessment, citing Vespasian as the first man to improve after becoming emperor. [[19]] Thus do we find the princeps offering subventions to senators not possessing the property qualifications of their rank, restoring many cities throughout the empire, and granting state salaries for the first time to teachers of Latin and Greek rhetoric. To enhance Roman economic and social life even further, he encouraged theatrical productions by building a new stage for the Theatre of Marcellus, and he also put on lavish state dinners to assist the food trades. [[20]]
In other matters the emperor displayed similar concern. He restored the depleted ranks of the senatorial and equestrian orders with eligible Italian and provincial candidates and reduced the backlog of pending court cases at Rome. Vespasian also re-established discipline in the army, while punishing or dismissing large numbers of Vitellius ' men. [[21]]
Beyond Rome, the emperor increased the number of legions in the East and continued the process of imperial expansion by the annexation of northern England, the pacification of Wales, and by advances into Scotland and southwest Germany between the Rhine and the Danube. Vespasian also conferred rights on communities abroad, especially in Spain, where the granting of Latin rights to all native communities contributed to the rapid Romanization of that province during the Imperial period. [[22]]
Death and Assessment
In contrast to his immediate imperial predecessors, Vespasian died peacefully - at Aquae Cutiliae near his birthplace in Sabine country on 23 June, A.D. 79, after contracting a brief illness. The occasion is said to have inspired his deathbed quip: "Oh my, I must be turning into a god!" [[23]] In fact, public deification did follow his death, as did his internment in the Mausoleum of Augustus alongside the Julio-Claudians.
A man of strict military discipline and simple tastes, Vespasian proved to be a conscientious and generally tolerant administrator. More importantly, following the upheavals of A.D. 68-69, his reign was welcome for its general tranquility and restoration of peace. In Vespasian Rome found a leader who made no great breaks with tradition, yet his ability ro rebuild the empire and especially his willingness to expand the composition of the governing class helped to establish a positive working model for the "good emperors" of the second century.
Bibliography
Since the scholarship on Vespasian is more comprehensive than can be treated here, the works listed below are main accounts or bear directly upon issues discussed in the entry above. A comprehensive modern anglophone study of this emperor is yet to be produced.
Atti congresso internazionale di studi Flaviani, 2 vols. Rieti, 1983.
Atti congresso internazionale di studi Vespasianei, 2 vols. Rieti, 1981.
Bosworth, A.B. "Vespasian and the Provinces: Some Problems of the Early 70s A.D." Athenaeum 51 (1973): 49-78.
Brunt, P. A. "Lex de imperio Vespasiani." JRS (67) 1977: 95-116.
D'Espèrey, S. Franchet. "Vespasien, Titus et la littérature." ANRW II.32.5: 3048-3086.
Dudley, D. and Webster, G. The Roman Conquest of Britain. London, 1965.
Gonzalez, J. "The Lex Irnitana: A New Copy of the Flavian Municipal Law." JRS 76 (1986): 147-243.
Grant, M. The Roman Emperors: A Biographical Guide to the Rulers of Rome, 31 B.C. - A.D. 476. New York, 1985.
Homo, L. Vespasien, l'Empereur du bons sens (69-79 ap. J.-C.). Paris, 1949.
Levi, M.A. "I Flavi." ANRW II.2: 177-207.
McCrum, M. and Woodhead, A. G. Select Documents of the Principates of the Flavian Emperors Including the Year of the Revolution. Cambridge, 1966.
Nicols, John. Vespasian and the Partes Flavianae. Wiesbaden, 1978.
Scarre, C. Chronicle of the Roman Emperors. The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers of Imperial Rome. London, 1995.
Suddington, D. B. The Development of the Roman Auxiliary Forces from Caesar to Vespasian, 49 B.C. - A.D. 79. Harare: U. of Zimbabwe, 1982.
Syme, R. Tacitus. Oxford, 1958.
Wardel, David. "Vespasian, Helvidius Priscus and the Restoration of the Capitol." Historia 45 (1996): 208-222.
Wellesley, K. The Long Year: A.D. 69. Bristol, 1989, 2nd ed.
Notes
[[1]] Suet. Vesp. 2.1. Suetonius remains the major source but see also Tac. Hist. 2-5; Cass. Dio 65; Joseph. BJ 3-4.
[[2]] Suetonius (Vesp. 2.1) claims that Vespasian did not accept the latus clavus, the broad striped toga worn by one aspiring to a senatorial career, immediately. The delay, however, was perhaps no more than three years. See J. Nicols, Vespasian and the Partes Flavianae (Wiesbaden, 1978), 2.
[[3]] Military tribunate and quaestorship: Suet. Vesp. 2.3; aedileship: ibid., 5.3, in which Gaius, furious that Vespasian had not kept the streets clean, as was his duty, ordered some soldiers to load him with filth;,they complied by stuffing his toga with as much as it could hold. See also Dio 59.12.2-3; praetorship: Suet. Vesp. 2.3, in which Vespasian is depicted as one of Gaius' leading adulators, an account consistent with Tacitus' portrayal (Hist 1.50.4; 2.5.1) of his early career. For a more complete discussion of these posts and attendant problems of dating, see Nicols, Vespasian, 2-7.
[[4]] Marriage and Caenis: Suet. Vesp. 3; Cass. Dio 65.14.
[[5]] Nicols, Vespasian, 12-39.
[[6]] Suet. Vesp. 4.1 For additional details on Vespasian's exploits in Britain, see D. Dudley and G. Webster, The Roman Conquest of Britain (London, 1965), 55 ff., 98.
[[7]] Concerning Vespasian's years between his consulship and proconsulship, see Suet. Vesp. 4.2 and Nicols, Vespasian, 9. On his unpopularity in Africa, see Suet. Vesp. 4.3, an account of a riot at Hadrumentum, where he was once pelted with turnips. In recording that Africa supported Vitellius in A.D. 69, Tacitus too suggests popular dissatisfaction with Vespasian's proconsulship. See Hist. 2.97.2.
[[8]] This despite the fact that the sources record two rebukes of Vespasian, one for extorting money from a young man seeking career advancement (Suet. Vesp. 4.3), the other for either leaving the room or dozing off during one of the emperor's recitals (Suet. Vesp. 4.4 and 14, which places the transgression in Greece; Tac. (Ann. 16.5.3), who makes Rome and the Quinquennial Games of A.D. 65 the setting; A. Braithwaite, C. Suetoni Tranquilli Divus Vespasianus, Oxford, 1927, 30, who argues for both Greece and Rome).
[[9]] Subjugation of Galilee: Joseph. BJ 3.65-4.106; siege of Jerusalem: ibid., 4.366-376, 414.
[[10]] Revolt of Vindex: Suet. Nero 40; Tac. Ann. 14.4; revolt of Galba: Suet. Galba 10; Plut. Galba, 4-5; suicide of Nero: Suet. Nero 49; Cass. Dio 63.29.2. For the most complete account of the period between Nero's death and the accession of Vespasian, see K. Wellesley, The Long Year: A.D. 69, 2nd. ed. (Bristol, 1989).
[[11]] Tac. Hist. 2.76.
[[12]] Troops in support of Vespasian: Suet. Vit. 15; Mucianus and his forces: Tac. Hist. 2.83; Vespasian and grain shipments: Joseph. BJ 4.605 ff.; see also Tac. Hist. 3.48, on Vespasian's possible plan to shut off grain shipments to Italy from Carthage as well.
[[13]] On Vitellius' army and its lack of discipline, see Tac. Hist. 2.93-94; illness of army: ibid., 2.99.1; Cremona: ibid., 3.32-33.
[[14]] On Vitellius' last days, see Tac. Hist. 3.68-81. On the complicated issue of Vitellius' death date, see L. Holzapfel, "Römische Kaiserdaten," Klio 13 (1913): 301.
[[15]] Honors, etc. Tac. Hist. 4.3. For more on the lex de imperio Vespasiani, see P. A. Brunt, "Lex de imperio Vespasiani," JRS (67) 1977: 95-116.
[[16]] Omens: Suet. Vesp. 5; consulships and honors: ibid., 8; succession of sons: ibid., 25.
[[17]] On Vespasian's restoration of Rome, see Suet. Vesp. 9; Cass. Dio 65.10; D. Wardel, "Vespasian, Helvidius Priscus and the Restoration of the Capitol," Historia 45 (1996): 208-222.
[[18]] Suet. Vesp. 16.
[[19]] Ibid.; Tac. Hist. 1.50.
[[20]] Suet. Vesp. 17-19.
[[21]] Ibid., 8-10.
[[22]] On Vespasian's exploits in Britain, see esp. Tac., Agricola, eds. R. M. Ogilvie and I. A. Richmond (1967), and W. S. Hanson, Agricola and the Conquest of the North (1987); on the granting of Latin rights in Spain, see, e.g., J. Gonzalez, "The Lex Irnitana: a New Copy of the Flavian Municipal Law." JRS 76 (1986): 147-243.
[[23]] For this witticism and other anecdotes concerning Vespasian's sense of humor, see Suet. Vesp. 23.
Copyright (C) 1998, John Donahue. Published on De Imperatoribus Romanis, an Online Encyplopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families.
http://www.roman-emperors.org/vespasia.htm
Used by permission.
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
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Agrippa, As - *Posthumous issue of Caligula, in honour of his grandfather (died 12 BC)
Rome mint, ca AD 37/41
M AGRIPPA L F COS III, head of Agrippa left with rostral crown
Neptun standing left, holding trident and dolphin. Large S C in fields
10.9 gr
Ref : RCV #1812, Cohen #3
Ex Alwin collection
The following commentary is a (quick) translation from CGB about a similar coin :
"Although Augustus associated his close friend Agrippa in his coinage, he didn't for him alone. Gaius honoured the memory of his grandfather, recalling he had been COS III in 27 BC while Augustus was COS VII at the same time.
Gaius, however, as the new emperor would like us to remember his double filiation : Through his father, Germanicus, he's descended from Nero Drusus and Antonia, thus from Tiberius ; through his mother Agrippina the elder, he tells us Agrippa and Julia are his grand parents and he's a grand grand son of Augustus. Agrippa remained prestigious all along the first century CE, although he had died 12 BC. Titus then Domitian will also strike this type, seemingly very succesfull towards population (see RCV 2589 and 2894)"Potator II
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Antonia Q Antonius Balbus AR Serrate Denarius. 83-82 BC. Laureate head of Jupiter right; SC behind and (letter)(•) before
Victory in quadriga right, Q ANTO BALB below, PR in ex. Cr364/1c; Syd 742a. Britanikus
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Antonia
Q Antonius Balbus AR Serrate Denarius. 83-82 BC. Laureate head of Jupiter right; SC behind and (letter)(•) before / Victory in quadriga right, Q ANTO BALB below, PR in ex. Cr364/1c; Syd 742a. Britanikus
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AntoniaAntonia, dupondius.
26,8 mm, 13,82 g.
Obv. ANTONIA AVGVSTA, draped bust right.
Rev. TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP S-C, Claudius, togate, standing left, holding simpulum.
RIC 92Marsman
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Antonia (RIC 92, Coin #421)Antonia, RIC 92 (C), Orichalcum Sestertius, Rome, 41 - 50 AD.
Obv: ANTONIA AVGVSTA Bare-headed bust right, hair in long plait.
Rev: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP S C Claudius veiled
and togate, standing left, holding simpulum.
Size: 28.4mm 14.32gmMaynardGee
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Antonia (RIC 92, Coin #712)RIC 92 (C), Orichalcum Dupondius, minted under Clausius, Rome, 41 - 50 AD.
OBV: ANTONIA AVGVSTA; Bare-headed bust right, hair in long plait.
REV: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP S C; Claudius standing left, veiled and togate, simpulum in right.
SIZE: 27.5mm, 13.04gMaynardGee
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ANTONIA 1Q. Antonius Balbus (c. BC 83-2)Rugser
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ANTONIA 1Q. Antonius Balbus (c. BC 83/82)Rugser
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Antonia AE DupondiusAntonia (Augusta)
AE Dupondius 17.01g / 31mm
Ob: ANTONIA AVGVSTA - Draped bust right
Rv: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP PP - Claudius standing left, veiled ang togate, holding a simplum, S - C
Mint: Rome 41-54AD
Ref: RIC 92Scotvs Capitis
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Antonia AE Dupondius. c50-54 AD. Daughter of Mark Antony & Augustus' sister Octavia, all coins struck posthumously by her son Claudius.ANTONIA AVGVSTA, draped bust right / TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP P P S C, Claudius, togate, standing left with simpulum. Cohen 6. RIC 104 [Claudius], Cohen 6, BMC 213.
sold
Antonivs Protti
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Antonia Augusta ANTONIA AVGVSTA
Rev. TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP SC
Cladius veiled and togate stg left holding simpulum
Sear 1902
Antonia was the younger daughter of Mark Antony and Octavia and was born on January 31st 36B.C. She was married at age 20 to Tiberius' younger brother Nero Claudius Drusus and had two sons, the great Germanicus and the future emperor Claudius. She was widowed in 9 BC and refused to marry again and devoted her life to her families interests. Her wealth and status made her very influencial during Tiberius' reign and it was she who brought about the downfall of Sejanus.
On the accession of her grandson Caligula in 37 AD she received many honours but died later that year at the age of 73. She did not receive postumous honours until the reign of her son Claudius in 41 AD and all of the coinage in Antonia's name was issued by Claudius.
SOLDJay GT4
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Antonia AugustaANTONIA AVGVSTA
Head of Antonia right
TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP SC
Claudius veiled and togate standing left holding simpulum
11.47g
Sear 1902; RIC 92 (Claudius)
Antonia was the younger daughter of Mark Antony and Octavia and was born on January 31st 36B.C. She was married at age 20 to Tiberius' younger brother Nero Claudius Drusus and had two sons, the great Germanicus and the future emperor Claudius. She was widowed in 9 BC and refused to marry again and devoted her life to her families interests. Her wealth and status made her very influencial during Tiberius' reign and it was she who brought about the downfall of Sejanus.
On the accession of her grandson Caligula in 37 AD she received many honours but died later that year at the age of 73. She did not receive postumous honours until the reign of her son Claudius in 41 AD and all of the coinage in Antonia's name was issued by Claudius.Jay GT4
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ANTONIA AVGVSTA. Æ. DupondiusANTONIA AVGVSTA. Æ. Dupondius minted AD 41-42
(11,93 g. 27 mm.)
ANTONIA AVGVSTA, draped bust right
TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP P P S C, Claudius, togate, standing left with simpulum.
Cohen 6. RIC 104. sear5 #1903
*Antonia, daughter of Mark Antony and Augustus' sister Octavia _6000EAntonivs Protti
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Antonia DupondiusObv.
ANTONIA AVGVSTA
Draped bust right
Rev.
TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP P P
SC
Claudius togate, standing left holding simpulum
RIC 104ancientdave
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Antonia DupondiusANTONIA - AVGVSTA, draped bust of Antonia right
R/ TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP/ SC , Claudius, togate, standing left, holding simpulum in right hand.
Dupondius - Rome - 41-45 - 28 mm - 11.86 g
RIC.92 - C.6 (4f.)gb29400
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Antonia Minor. Augusta. †37 AD. Dupondius of Rome.Roman Empire. Antonia Minor. Augusta, †37 AD. Æ Dupondius (14.37 gm, 28.8mm, 7h) of Rome, AD 41-42. Draped bust right of Antonia, mother of Claudius and daughter of Marc Antony. ANTONIA AVGVSTA. / Claudius, veiled and togate, standing left, holding simpulum. TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP, large S-C. VF. CNG EA 424 #427. WRG Collection. RIC I #92, plate 16 (Claudius); BMCRE 166; CBN 143; Cohen 6; RSC - ; SRCV I #1902; von Kaenel Type 59.Anaximander
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Antonia Mother of Claudius, DupondiusObv. ANTONIA AVGVSTA bare head right
Rev. TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP PP SC Claudius, togate, standing left with simpulumSkyler
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Antonia RIC I, 104Antonia, died 37, Augusta 41, mother of Claudius
AE - Dupondius, 15.49g, 30mm
Rome 42/43 (struck under Claudius)
obv. ANTONIA AVGVSTA
draped bust, bare head r.
rev. TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG PM TRP IMP PP
Claudius standing l., in toga, draped over head, holding
simpulum in r. hand and roll in l. hand
between S-C
RIC I, Claudius 104; C.6; von Kaenel 595 (same die!)
nice VFJochen
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Antonia Æ dupondiusAntonia Æ dupondius. Rome mint, under Claudius 41-50 A.D. ANTONIA AVGVSTA - Draped bust right, wearing hair in long plait down neck / TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP S-C - Claudius standing left, holding simpulum. RIC 92 (Claudius); BMC 166 (Claudius); Cohen 6
Holding_History
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Antonia, 50-54 AD, RomeAntonia
AE dupondius – 27mm
Rome, 50-54 AD
ANTONIA AVGVSTA
draped bust r.
TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP P P S-C
Claudius, togate, standing l. with simpulum
RIC Claudius 104, C 6
SArdatirion
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Antonia, AE Dupondius - by ClaudiusAntonia AE Dupondius. c50-54 AD. ANTONIA AVGVSTA, draped bust right / TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP P P S C, Claudius, togate, standing left with simpulum.
Cohen 6. RIC 104. sear5 #1903
WEIGHT 11.18 gr.
DIAMETER 28 mm
*Antonia, daughter of Mark Antony and Augustus' sister OctaviaAntonivs Protti
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Antonia, As - *Restitution of Claudius
ANTONIA AVGVSTA, bust of Antonia right
TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG PM TRP IMP, Claudius standing left, holding simpulum. SC in field
11,37 gr
Ref : RCV #1902, Cohen #6Potator II
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Antonia, daughter of Marc Antony and Octavia, wife of Nero Claudius Drusus, mother of Claudius. Augusta, 37 and 41 AD.Æ Dupondius under son, Claudius.
Obv: ANTONIA AVGVSTA, draped bust, right.
Rev: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP, S-C across field, Claudius, togate, standing left, holding simpulum.
RIC 92 [Claudius]; Cohen 6; BMC 166; Sear 1902.
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Antonia, DupondiusAntonia Minor
Ae Dupondius; 25-26mm; 9.25g
ANTONIA-AVGVSTA
draped bust right
[TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG PM TR P IMP]
S-C across fields
Claudius togate, standing left with simpulum
official? poss. RIC 92 or 104arizonarobin
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Antonia, RIC 92ANTONIA AVGVSTA
TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG PM T RP IMP
AE dupondius, 26mm, 12.00g
Draped bust right
Cladius, togate, standing left, holding simpulum, SC to sides
very worn examplenovacystis
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Antonia/Claudius muleANTONIA AVGVSTA
Bare head of Antonia right
CERES AVGVSTA SC
Ceres enthroned left holding corn ears and torch
Provincial mint? 41-2 AD
10.83g
Die axis 180
Obverse Sear 1902 or 1903, RIC 92 or 104
Reverse Sear 1855 or 1856, RIC 94 or RIC 110
SOLD!
An interesting and rare dupondius. The obverse from Claudius in honor of his mother Antonia, daughter of Mark Antony and Octavia. The reverse is from a dupondius of Claudius. Both dies were in use at the same time giving rise to speculation, was this an "official" mistake from the mint or is this an ancient counterfeit? Style suggests a Provincial mint.
Encrustations and some bronze disease on the obverse is being treated.Jay GT4
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Antonianius of Aurelian?AE23, 2.8g. Maybe RIC 225? Obverse: IMP AVRELIANVS AVG, radiate, cuirassed bust right. Reverse: IOVI CONSER, emperor standing right, holding scepter, receiving globe from Jupiter standing left and holding scepter. Celticaire
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Antony & Octavia tetradrachmM ANTONIVS IMP COS DESIG ITER ET TERT
Conjoined heads of Antony and Octavia right, Antony wearing an ivy wreath
III VIR RPC
Dionysus standing left, holding cantharus and thyrsus on cista mystica flanked by two interlaced snakes
Ephesus, summer-autumn 39 BC
11.22g
Imperators 263, RPC 2202, Babelon Antonia 61, Syndenham 1198, BMCRR east 135
Punch mark on the obverse protrudes onto the reverse
Ex-Numisantique
This series of Cistophori from Asia commemorates the marriage of Antony and Octavia and celebrate's Antony's divine status in the east as the "New Dionysus" which was bestowed on him when he arrived in Ephesus in 41 BC. Antony's titulature of "Imperator and Consul designate for the second and third times" fixes the period of issue to the latter part of 39 BC after the Pact of Misenum in July and before Antony's second Imperatorial acclamation in the winter of 39-38BC
Jay GT4
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AUGUSTUS & PTOLEMY OF NUMIDIA AE semisAVGVSTVS DIVI F
bare head of Augustus right
C LAETILIVS APALVS II V Q, REX PTOL (Ptolemy, King) within diadem
Carthago Nova, Spain, under sole 'duovir quinqunennales' C Laetilius Apalus.
18.5mm, 5.3g.
RPC 172.
Ex-Incitatus
Ptolemy of Numidia was the son of King Juba II of Numidia and Cleopatra Selene II. He was also the grandson of Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII on his mohter's side. He was named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name, Cleopatra Selene II created a distinct Greek-Egyptian tone and emphasized her role as the monarch who would continue the Ptolemaic dynasty. She by-passed the ancestral names of her husband. By naming her son Ptolemy instead of a Berber ancestral name, she offers an example rare in ancient history, especially in the case of a son who is the primary male heir, of reaching into the mother's family instead of the father's for a name. This emphasized the idea that his mother was the heiress of the Ptolemies and the leader of a Ptolemaic government in exile.
Through his parents he received Roman citizenship and was actually educated in Rome. Amazingly he grew up in the house of his maternal aunt, and Antony's daughter Antonia Minor, the youngest daughter of Mark Antony and the youngest niece of Augustus. Antonia was also a half-sister of Ptolemy's late mother, also a daughter of Mark Antony. Antonia Minor's mother was Octavia Minor, Mark Antony's fourth wife and the second sister of Octavian (later Augustus). Ptolemy lived in Rome until the age of 21, when he returned to the court of his aging father in Mauretania.
Ptolemy was a co-ruler with his father Juba II until Juba's death and was the last semi-autonomous ruler of Africa. On a visit to Rome in 40 AD he was seen by the Emperor Caligula in an amphitheather wearing a spectacular purpal cloak. A jealous Caligula had him murdered for his fashionable purple cloak.
Sold to Calgary Coin Feb 2017Jay GT4
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AURELIAN B/AR Antonianus, RESTITVT ORBIS, 270-275 AD, 21mm, 3.84g
O - Radiate cuir bust of Aurelian r. /
R - The World presenting wreath to Aurelian.
robertpe
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Aurelian Bronze Antonianus, Siscia 272-274 ADOBV: IMP AURELIANUS PF AVG, Radiate, draped and Cuirassed bust (Type A) rt.
REV: CONCORDIA MILITUM; Aurelian standing right clasps hands with Concordia standing left; S* in Exergue
RIC 216 is perhaps the most common type from Siscia but it covers a wide variety of styles including this dramatic portrait design. The template is exactly the same for other examples of this coin (for example in Wildwinds) and I think must all have been done by the same engraver. A beautiful design with many different textures.daverino
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Aurelianus 270-275 ADaw. IMP C AVRELIANVS AVG / B,
Panzerbüste des Aurelian mit Strahlenkrone n. r.
rew. VABALATHVS V C R IM D R
drapierte Panzerbüste des Vabalathus mit Lorbeerkranz n. r.
RIC 381; C. 1; BN 1247; MIR 353/2a.
mint Antiochia ,circa 270 - 271 AD, mit Vabalathus von Palmyra. Mzst. Antiochia.
nominał - AntonianusWaldemar S
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