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Constantine the Great, Commemorative, AD 330-335, Nicomedia Mint

Roman Empire, Severus Alexander 222-235, Silver Denarius
Ancient Coins - Roman Empire, Severus Alexander 222-235, Silver Denarius zoom view
3.08g
Laureate head of Severus Alexander right "IMP ALEXANDER PIVS AVG"
Providentia standing, head left, holding a cornucopiae and corn ears over a modius. "PROVIDENTIA AVG"
RSC 501paul1888

Sextus Pompey, BC 35, AR denarius 3.55 grams, Sicily BC 42-40, Pharos of Messana/ Marine monster Scylla CR-511/4a, CRI-335, SR(I)-1393paul1888

SATRAPS OF CARIA. Pixodaros, circa 341/0-336/5 BC. Didrachm (Silver, 19 mm, 6.93 g, 12 h), Halikarnassos. Laureate head of Apollo facing slightly to right with drapery below. Rev. ΠIΞΩΔAΡOΥ Zeus Labraundos standing right, holding long scepter in his left hand and double-axe in his right. SNG Copenhagen 596-7. SNG von Aulock 2375-6. Pixodarus Hoard, CH IX, pl. 35, 44a (this coin);
ex Bourgey, 14 May 1914, 87 (pictured); ex Kurpfälzische Münzhandlung, Auction 21, 1981, 80; ex NFA, Auction 9, 1980, 268; ex Leu, Web Auction 12, 2020, 4432 commentspaul1888

Calabria, Tarentum; 302-281 BC, Drachm, 3.22 grams, Vlasto-1053. Obverse: Head of Athena right wearing crested helmet decorated with Skylla hurling stone. Reverse: Owl standing right on olive spray, head facing, TAP upwards to left, [I]OP downwards to right. Ex: Kunker 226, 11 March 2013 lot 135, ex:Hess 236, 3 April 1939, E. Nitsch collection.paul1888

ROMAN EMPIRE: Severus Alexander, AD 222-235, AR Denarius (19mm, 3.27g), Rome Mint, AD 232. Obverse: IMP ALEXANDER PIVS AVG; laureate and draped bust of Severus Alexander to right. Reverse: MARS VLTOR; Mars advancing right, holding spear in his right hand and shield in his left. BMC 837. Cohen 161. RIC 246. Ex: Naumann Auktion 111, 04.12.2021, lot 873.1 commentspaul1888

OBV:+ RENATI* D[V]X* BARREN* Z* LOTHO’ M;René, Duke of Bar
and Lorraine.(Quartered field of Anjou and Bar, an escutcheon
of Lorraine embroidered over the whole)
REV:MONET* FAC-TA* [IN*] S* MICHAL Currency minted in Saint-
(Pal sword cutting the legend and next to a bar accompanied by
two crossettes and an alerion.)
Mint: Saint Mihiel
Date: 1431-1452.
Roberts 9425, BD 1492
23mm, 1.24g
ex cng eauction 535, Lot 863 29/3/23
-----

René of Anjou (1409-1480), better known as "Good King René" was also Count of Provence (1434-1480), Duke of Bar (1419-1480). By his marriage to Isabelle de Lorraine, the daughter of Duke Charles, he became Duke of Lorraine. He was also king of Naples (1438-1442), titular king of Sicily and nominal of Jerusalem (1434-1480).wileyc

6 NeroNERO
AR Denarius (19mm, 3.43 g, 6h)
Rome mint. Struck ~65-66 AD

O: Laureate head right

R: Salus seated left on throne, holding patera.

RIC I 60; RSC 314. aVF

Ex-CNG Sale 35, Lot 737, 9/20/95

In AD 65-66 two new types appear on the coins of Nero, Jupiter Custos- “Guardian”, and Salus- “Well-Being” (of the emperor). Nero gave thanks for surviving the Pisonian Conspiracy, which got its name from G. Calpurnius Piso, a senator put forward as an alternative emperor by senior military officers and government officials who feared the increasingly erratic Nero. The plot was discovered, many prominent Romans were executed, and others, such as the philosopher Seneca, were forced to commit suicide. This delayed the emperor’s fate for a few years.

RI00431 commentsSosius

Louis XIV (1643 - 1715), AE (Brass) Jeton struck c.1644 – 1645Obverse: LVD•XIIII•D:G•FR•ET•NA•REX. Laureate and cuirassed youthful bust of Louis XIV facing right; • B • (for Briot) below.
Reverse: CONSILIO•NIL•NISI•. The escutcheon of France, surrounded by the chain of the Ordre du Saint-Esprit (Order of the Holy Spirit): Necklace and Cross. The legend translates as “He undertakes nothing without Council”, a reference to the administrative council of the king.
Dimensions: 25.65mm | Weight: 5.4gms | Die Axis: 12
Ref. Feuardent: 239 var.

Struck at the Monnaie de Louvre mint, Paris, France
Die engraver: Nicholas Briot

Nicholas Briot (c.1579–1646) was an innovative French coin engraver, medallist and mechanical engineer, who is credited with the invention of the coining-press. He emigrated to England in 1625 and in 1626 he was commissioned to make 'puncheons and dies' for the Coronation of Charles I. His Coronation Medal established his reputation and he went on to produce a considerable number of dies for medals and coins in the following years. In 1633, he was appointed chief engraver to the Royal Mint and went to Scotland to prepare and coin the coronation pieces of Charles I. These demonstrated both his artistic skill and the technical superiority of his new coining machinery and in 1635, on the death of Sir John Foulis, Briot was appointed Master of the Mint in Scotland and superintended the Scottish coinage for several years. Briot was then recalled to England by the King, and on the outbreak of the English Civil War he took possession of the coining apparatus at the Tower and had it removed 'for the purpose of continuing the coining operations in the cause of the King'. Briot travelled to France in the early 1640's and sent coining presses to his brother Isaac, now in a senior position at the Paris Mint, he died on Christmas Eve 1646.*Alex

2 Philip IPhilip I
AR Antoninianus.

IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG, radiate, draped & cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVGG, Victory standing left, holding a wreath and a palm.

RSC 235, RIC 51Sosius

2 Philip IPhilip I
AR Antoninianus. 3.84g

IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG, radiate, draped & cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVGG, Victory standing left, holding a wreath and a palm.

RSC 235, RIC 51Sosius

2 Philip IPhilip I
AR Antoninianus

IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG, radiate, draped & cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVGG, Victory standing left, holding a wreath and a palm.

RSC 235, RIC 511 commentsSosius

235cfCarausius 287-93AD
Antoninianus
Obv "IMP C CARAVSIVS P AVG"
Radiate, draped & cuirassed bust right
Rev "FORTVNA REDVX"
Fortuna standing left holding rudder and (double?) cornucopia
Camulodunum mint
-/-//C
RIC - (cf235, 237-9)mauseus

796 – c.835, EANBALD II, Archbishop of York, Northumbria, AE Styca, struck c.830 - 835 at York, EnglandObverse: + EANBALD AR around small Greek cross. Greek cross in legend.
Reverse: + EDILVARD around cross pommée. Cross pommée in legend. Moneyer: Aethelweard
Phase 1b issue
Diameter: 13mm | Weight: 1.0gms | Die Axis: 6h
SPINK: 861 | British Numismatic Journal (1916) – (H A Parsons, The coins of Archbishop Eanbald II of York): 60

Initially a base silver coin, after the devastating Viking attack on Lindisfarne in 793, with its subsequent commercial impact on the kingdom of Northumberland, the second issue of stycas under King Eanred were debased by having their silver content replaced by zinc. There was a further debasement of the coinage in 829 after Eanred's submission to Ecgberht of Wessex, such that the styca became basically a copper alloy coin.

Eanbald II was, prior to his elevation to the archiepiscopate, a priest of the Church of York. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records his consecration as Archbishop on 14th August, 796, immediately after the death of the first prelate of the same name.
In the year 797, Eanbald II is recorded as having assisted in the recovery of the rights of the see of Canterbury, which had been much impaired during the reign of King Offa of Mercia in order that his new primacy at Lichfield might be promoted. In this work of restitution, Eanbald collaborated with Æthelhard, Archbishop of Canterbury, who had appealed to Rome over the matter. The case was also presented to Coenwulf, the successor of Offa, and he was persuaded by the two prelates to refer the question to the Pope which resulted in Offa's new archiepiscopal see of Lichfield being abolished.
In 798 Eanbald convened a great synod at Finchale, near Durham. There, he enacted a number of regulations relating to the ecclesiastical courts and the observance of Easter.
Early on Eanbald became estranged from Eardwulf, King of Northumbria, after denouncing Eardwulf's adulteries and sheltering Eardwulf's enemies by giving them church sanctuary. But Eardwulf seems to have been deposed in around 806 and was eventually succeeded by Eanred around 810.
No record of Eanbald II's death survives and the time of his death has been variously estimated to range from as early as 808 to as late as 835, the latter date based on numismatic evidence.

The Kingdom of Northumbria was a medieval Anglian kingdom in what is now Northern England and South-east Scotland. The name derives from the Old English Norþan-hymbre meaning "the people or province north of the Humber", Northumbria started to consolidate into one kingdom in the early seventh century when the two earlier territories of Deira and Bernicia united. At its height, the kingdom extended from the Humber Estuary in the south to the Firth of Forth (now in Scotland) in the north.
Northumbria ceased to be an independent kingdom in the mid-tenth century.
*Alex

ROME
ƠTessera (13mm, 0.72 g)
Crescent and stars series
Star
Three stars over crescent
Hristova & Jekov, Nikopolis -

Ex Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Auction 235, lot 494
Ardatirion

ROME
PB Tessera (18mm, 5.44 g, 12h)
Head of Hercules right
Club
Rostovtsev 2549.1-9; Rostovsev & Prou 374; BM 103-4; München 473-5; Kircheriano 1035, 1040

Ex Artcoins Roma 23 (17 February 2015), lot 582Ardatirion

UNITED STATES TOKENS, Hard Times. New York, New York. Henry Law, baker.
CU Token (29mm, 8.60 g, 12 h)
Belleville (New Jersey) mint. Struck 1834-1835
ENGLISH BREAD/ TWIST & FANCY CAKES
Bushel of wheat
H. LAW BAKER/ 187 CANAL St NEW YORK
Eagle standing right, with wings spread and head left, shield on breast and olive branch in talons
Rulau HT 286; Low 261

Henry Law was married to Charlotte (née Stephens), the sister of William Stephens, a partner in one of the two firms that comprised the Belleville mint. Henry's bakery moved to Canal St. in 1834 and was closed in late 1834 or early 1835, when its proprietor died. Charlotte and her children later moved to Belleville. Ardatirion

HAITI, Premier République. Jean Pierre Boyer. President, 1825-1843
Brass 50 Centimes (25.5mm, 4.26 g, 12h)
Contemporary counterfeit. Dated L'An 25 of the Republic (AD 1828/9)
J * BOYER * PRESIDENTE *, AN 25
Bust left
REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI */ 50 * C
Palm tree flanked by cannon and banners
KM 20a; cf. Arroyo 105 (for official issue); Lissade 96; iNumis 25, lot 1352

On 1 June 1835, local officials arrested engraver Joseph Gardner of Belleville on charges of counterfeiting. When searching his house, officials discovered dies for Spanish 8 reales in various states of completion, coining implements, a bag of gold dust, and several bags of "spurious Haytien coppers." Yet Gardner was not the only individual striking illicit Haitian coins. James Bishop of neighboring Bloomfield, New Jersey had been arrested several months before, and a third person was responsible for the issue brought to Haiti by Jeremiah Hamilton.

Today, two distinct issues of counterfeits can be identified: a group of 25 and 50 Centimes, clearly related in fabric, and two different dates of 100 Centimes. The smaller denominations are most often found lacking a silver plating, while the plating year 26 100 Centimes is fine enough to deceive the likes of NGC and Heritage. Additionally, there are a handful year 27 100 centimes overstruck on US large cents. While I have not yet found a regular strike from these dies, they are the most likely candidate for Belleville's production. Ardatirion

(0138) ANTONINUS PIUS138 - 161 AD
SILVER-PLATED DENARIUS (FOUREE) 2.70 g 17 mm
O: COS ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P III
BARE HEAD RIGHT
(P P = 139 AD, COS III = 140 AD)
R: HO-N-OS
HONOS, TOGATE, STANDING L HOLDING BRANCH AND CORNUCIPIAE
Reverse cf. BMC 41, 264; RIC 79, 422; Cohen 235, 236.
Minted under Antoninus Pius for Marcus Aurelius as Caesar in Rome, 140 - 144 AD
(mismatching dies in silverplated denarii is not uncommon)laney

(0198) GETA198 - 212 AD
struck ca. 198 - 203 AD
AE 19.5 mm 3.53 g
O: Λ CΕΡ ΚΑΙ ΓΕΤΑC Κ - Bare head right
R: ΟVΛΓΙΑC ΓΑVΤΑΛΙΑC - Altar surmounted by serpent-entwined orphic egg
Thrace, Pautalia
References: Moushmov 4335, Ruzicka 805
laney

(0218) ELAGABALUS (ANTIPATRIS MINT)218 -222 AD
AE 17.5 mm; 6 5 g
O ...NOC C... Laureate draped bust of Elagabalus right
R: Tetrastyle temple, central arch; within, Tyche in short chiton kneeling left holding small bust and spear, resting her foot on river god (Yarkon); ΑΝ(ΤΙΠ) (Antipatris) in exe.
Antipatris (very rare city), Judaea
cf. Sofaer Pl. 21 4, 5.; cf. BM-1, pl. II.7, cf. SNG ANS-635, cf. Rosenberger 1. Very rare.
(Antipatris struck coins only during the reign of Elagabalus)laney

(502a) Roman Republic, L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi, 90 B.C.Silver denarius, S 235, Calpurnia 11, Crawford 340/1, Syd 663a, VF, rainbow toning, Rome mint, 3.772g, 18.5mm, 180o, 90 B.C. obverse: laureate head of Apollo right, scorpion behind; Reverse naked horseman galloping right holding palm, L PISO FRVGI and control number CXI below; ex-CNA XV 6/5/91, #443. Ex FORVM.

A portion of the following text is a passage taken from the excellent article “The Calpurnii and Roman Family History: An Analysis of the Piso Frugi Coin in the Joel Handshu Collection at the College of Charleston,” by Chance W. Cook:

In the Roman world, particularly prior to the inception of the principate, moneyers were allotted a high degree of latitude to mint their coins as they saw fit. The tres viri monetales, the three men in charge of minting coins, who served one-year terms, often emblazoned their coins with an incredible variety of images and inscriptions reflecting the grandeur, history, and religion of Rome. Yet also prominent are references to personal or familial accomplishments; in this manner coins were also a means by which the tres viri monetales could honor their forbearers. Most obvious from an analysis of the Piso Frugi denarius is the respect and admiration that Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi, who minted the coin, had for his ancestors. For the images he selected for his dies relate directly to the lofty deeds performed by his Calpurnii forbearers in the century prior to his term as moneyer. The Calpurnii were present at many of the watershed events in the late Republic and had long distinguished themselves in serving the state, becoming an influential and well-respected family whose defense of traditional Roman values cannot be doubted.

Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi, who was moneyer in 90 B.C., depicted Apollo on the obverse and the galloping horseman on the reverse, as does his son Gaius. However, all of L. Piso Frugi’s coins have lettering similar to “L-PISO-FRVGI” on the reverse, quite disparate from his son Gaius’ derivations of “C-PISO-L-F-FRV.”

Moreover, C. Piso Frugi coins are noted as possessing “superior workmanship” to those produced by L. Piso Frugi.

The Frugi cognomen, which became hereditary, was first given to L. Calpurnius Piso, consul in 133 B.C., for his integrity and overall moral virtue. Cicero is noted as saying that frugal men possessed the three cardinal Stoic virtues of bravery, justice, and wisdom; indeed in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae, a synonym of frugalitas is bonus, generically meaning “good” but also implying virtuous behavior. Gary Forsythe notes that Cicero would sometimes invoke L. Calpurnius Piso’s name at the beginning of speeches as “a paragon of moral rectitude” for his audience.

L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi’s inclusion of the laureled head of Apollo, essentially the same obverse die used by his son Gaius (c. 67 B.C.), was due to his family’s important role in the establishment of the Ludi Apollinares, the Games of Apollo, which were first instituted in 212 B.C. at the height of Hannibal’s invasion of Italy during the Second Punic War. By that time, Hannibal had crushed Roman armies at Cannae, seized Tarentum and was invading Campania.

Games had been used throughout Roman history as a means of allaying the fears
of the populace and distracting them from issues at hand; the Ludi Apollinares were no different. Forsythe follows the traditional interpretation that in 211 B.C., when C. Calpurnius Piso was praetor, he became the chief magistrate in Rome while both consuls were absent and the three other praetors were sent on military expeditions against Hannibal.

At this juncture, he put forth a motion in the Senate to make the Ludi Apollinares a yearly event, which was passed; the Ludi Apollinares did indeed become an important festival, eventually spanning eight days in the later Republic. However, this interpretation is debatable; H.H. Scullard suggests that the games were not made permanent until 208 B.C. after a severe plague prompted the Senate to make them a fixture on the calendar. The Senators believed Apollo would serve as a “healing god” for the people of Rome.

Nonetheless, the Calpurnii obviously believed their ancestor had played an integral role in the establishment of the Ludi Apollinares and thus prominently displayed
the head or bust of Apollo on the obverse of the coins they minted.

The meaning of the galloping horseman found on the reverse of the L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi coin is more complicated. It is possible that this is yet another reference to the Ludi Apollinares. Chariot races in the Circus Maximus were a major component of the games, along with animal hunts and theatrical performances.

A more intriguing possibility is that the horseman is a reference to C. Calpurnius Piso, son of the Calpurnius Piso who is said to have founded the Ludi Apollinares. This C. Calpurnius Piso was given a military command in 186 B.C. to quell a revolt in Spain. He was victorious, restoring order to the province and also gaining significant wealth in the process.

Upon his return to Rome in 184, he was granted a triumph by the Senate and eventually erected an arch on the Capitoline Hill celebrating his victory. Of course
the arch prominently displayed the Calpurnius name. Piso, however, was not an infantry commander; he led the cavalry.

The difficulty in accepting C. Calpurnius Piso’s victory in Spain as the impetus for the galloping horseman image is that not all of C. Piso Frugi’s coins depict the horseman or cavalryman carrying the palm, which is a symbol of victory. One is inclined to believe that the victory palm would be prominent in all of the coins minted by C. Piso Frugi (the son of L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi) if it indeed signified the great triumph of C. Calpurnius Piso in 186 B.C. Yet the palm’s appearance is clearly not a direct reference to military feats of C. Piso Frugi’s day. As noted, it is accepted that his coins were minted in 67 B.C.; in that year, the major victory by Roman forces was Pompey’s swift defeat of the pirates throughout the Mediterranean.

Chrestomathy: Annual Review of Undergraduate Research at the College of Charleston. Volume 1, 2002: pp. 1-10© 2002 by the College of Charleston, Charleston SC 29424, USA.All rights to be retained by the author.
http://www.cofc.edu/chrestomathy/vol1/cook.pdf

There are six (debatably seven) prominent Romans who have been known to posterity as Lucius Calpurnius Piso:

Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi: (d. 261 A.D.) a Roman usurper, whose existence is
questionable, based on the unreliable Historia Augusta.

Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus: deputy Roman Emperor, 10 January 69 to15 January
69, appointed by Galba.

Lucius Calpurnius Piso: Consul in 27 A.D.

Lucius Calpurnius Piso: Consul in 1 B.C., augur

Lucius Calpurnius Piso: Consul in 15 B.C., pontifex

Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus: Consul in 58 B.C. (the uncle of Julius Caesar)

Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi: Moneyer in 90 B.C. (our man)

All but one (or two--if you believe in the existence of "Frugi the usurper" ca. 261 A.D.) of these gentlemen lack the Frugi cognomen, indicating they are not from the same direct lineage as our moneyer, though all are Calpurnii.

Calpurnius Piso Frugi's massive issue was intended to support the war against the Marsic Confederation. The type has numerous variations and control marks.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Calpurnius_Piso
http://www.forumancientcoins.com/catalog/indexfrm.asp?vpar=55&pos=0

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.

2 commentsCleisthenes

0003 Sasanian Empire Khusro II -- Year 35 -- CtesiphonObv: Pahlavi script legend: to the l. on two lines reading down leftward and outward (with the first word extending through the inner rim) is GDH/'pzwt (xwarrah abzūd) and to the r. on one line reading down is hwslwd (Husraw) = Khusro has increased the royal glory; frontal bust facing r. of bearded Khusro II with a hair globe drawn to the back of the neck, crown with three merlons and attached to the top of the crown cap are wings (lines within the base, wings open) with an attached crescent and star, double pearl diadem with three ribbons behind, earring made up of three dots, neckline edged with a row of pearls, both shoulders decorated with a crescent and star, double row of pearls from shoulders to breast, two dots on the breast, star in upper l. field and star and crescent in upper r. field both extending through the inner rim, two dotted rims with a star on a crescent at 3h, 6h, and 9h.
Rev: Pahlavi script legend: to the l. reading down is year pncsyh of Khusro II's reign and to the r. reading down is the mint mark WYHC = year 35 of Khusro II's reign, Ctesiphon; fire altar with a base consisting of two slabs and a shaft with two ribbons pointing upwards to the r. and l. of the shaft with four altar slabs on top and flames consisting of four tiers rendered as four then three then two then one upward stroke, star to the l. and crescent to the r. of the top two tiers, to the l. and r. of the altar are two frontal facing attendants each holding a sword pointing downwards with the r. hand over the l. hand and wearing a crescent cap, three dotted rims with a star on a crescent at 3h, 6h, 9h, and 12h.
Denomination: silver drachm; Mint: Ctesiphon;1 Date: year 35, 624 - 625 AD; Weight: 4.11g; Diameter: 32.6mm; Die axis: 90º; References, for example: Göbl II/3.

Notes:

1See Schindel (2005) pp. 296 - 299 for an argument identifying the Pahlavi mint signature WYHC with Ctesipon.

See Daryaee (1997) for an interesting study of the religious and political iconography on the coinage of Khusro II*. He argues that Khusro II implemented iconographic changes in regnal year 2 (591 - 592 AD) as a direct result of suppressing the rebellion (with the assistance of the Byzantine Emperor Maurice) of the brilliant general Wahrām Chōbēn (Wahrām VI) in 591 AD. Further iconographic changes were carried out in regnal year 11 (600 - 601 AD) in response to the final defeat in 600 AD of the 10 year rule/rebellion of Wistahm**, his uncle (as the brother-in-law of his father Ohrmazd IV) and former staunch supporter.

*The study cannot be intended to be complete. For example, there is no discussion of the legend 'pd that appeared, beginning in the 12th regnal year but not present for all subsequent years or at all mints, in the second quadrant outside of the rims on the obverse. Gariboldi 2010 (p.64) translates the legend as "good", "excellent", "wonderful" while Göbl 1983 (p. 331) translates it as "praise".

**There is some debate about when Wistahm was finally eliminated. Daryaee, following Paruck 1924, relies on (purported?) numismatic evidence that the last coin minted in his name was for year 10. Therefore Daryaee states that 600 AD was the year of elimination (Daryaee 1997, p. 53 n. 38. Also see Daryaee 2009, p. 33 n. 166 for a slightly more tepid assertion). Frye 1984 implies a 10 year rule for Wistahm, stating that "it was not until 601 that the rule of Chosroes [Khusro] was restored over all of the empire..." (p. 336). Göbl SN, however, states that 10 years of reign are said to be represented, although personally he had only seen coins of years 2 through 7 (p. 53). Thus Wistahm's years in SN's Table XI are listed as "591/2 - 597?" Malek 1993 also lists Wistahm's years as 591/2 - 97 (p. 237).

Provenance: Ex Forum Ancient Coins June 8, 2018, from the Jyrki Muona Collection; Ex CNG e-auction 59 (26 Feb 2003), lot 77; Ex CNG e-auction 57 (4 Apr 2001), lot 47.

Photo Credit: Forum Ancient Coins

Sources

Daryaee, Touraj. "The Use of Religio-Political Propaganda on Coins of Xusrō II." The Journal of the American Numismatics (1989-), vol. 9 (1997): 41-53.
Daryaee, Touraj. Sasanian Persia: The Rise And Fall Of An Empire. London: I. B. Tauris, 2009.
Frye, Richard. The History of Ancient Iran. Munich: C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1984.
Gariboldi, Andrea. Sasanian Coinage and History: The Civic Numismatic Collection of Milan. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, 2010.
Göbl, Robert. Sasanian Numismatics. Braunschweig: Klinkhardt and Biermann, 1971.
Göbl 1983: Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 3 (1), The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983: 322 - 336.
Malek, Hodge. "A Survey of Research on Sasanian Numismatics." The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), vol. 153 (1993): 227 - 269.
Paruck, F.D.J. Sasanian Coins. Bombay: 1924.
Schindel, Nickolaus. "Sasanian Mint Abbreviations: The Evidence of Style." The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), vol. 165 (2005): 287 - 299.2 commentsTracy Aiello

001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-21, AR-denarius, LEG VIII, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-21, AR-denarius, LEG VIII, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,
avers: LEG VIII, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,5mm, weight: 3,47g, axes: 10h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: B.C., ref: Crawford-544/21, Sydenham-1225, RSC-35,
Q-001quadrans

001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-30, AR-denarius, LEG XV, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-30, AR-denarius, LEG XV, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,
avers: LEG XV, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,8-17mm, weight: 2,72g, axes: 5h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: 32-31 B.C., ref: Crawford-544/30, Sydenham-1235, RSC-47,
Q-001
"Legion XV Apollinaris was raised by Caesar in Gallia Cisalpina in 53 BC. In the time of Augustus-Tiberius, the legion was stationed in Ljubljana, then in Carnuntum, and later in Alexandria, and took part in the Jewish War and the capture of Jerusalem. In the 2nd and 3rd century the legion fought mainly in the East against the Parthians."1 commentsquadrans

001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-35, AR-denarius, LEG XIX, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-35, AR-denarius, LEG XIX, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,
avers: LEG XIX, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 18mm, weight: 3,44g, axes: 5h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: 32-31 B.C., ref: Crawford-544/35, Sydenham-1242, RSC-55,
Q-0011 commentsquadrans

005p Tiberius (14-37 A.D.), Phrygia, Eumeneia, Asia (conventus of Apamea), RPC I 3144, AE-17, -/-//--, OYAΛEPIOΣ ZMEPTOPIΞ EYMENEΩN, Bull butting right, #1005p Tiberius (14-37 A.D.), Phrygia, Eumeneia, Asia (conventus of Apamea), RPC I 3144, AE-17, -/-//--, OYAΛEPIOΣ ZMEPTOPIΞ EYMENEΩN, Bull butting right, #1
avers: ΣEBAΣTOΣ, Bare head of Tiberius right.
reverse: OYAΛEPIOΣ ZMEPTOPIΞ EYMENEΩN, Bull butting right. (Magistrate: Valerios Zmertorix (without title)).
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,0-17,0mm, weight: 5,72 g, axes: 6h,
mint: City: Eumenea, Region: Phrygia, Province: Asia (conventus of Apamea),
date: 35-36 A.D., Magistrate: Valerios Zmertorix (without title),
ref: RPC I 3144, BMC Phrygia 35,
15 Specimens
Q-0011 commentsquadrans

009 Cnut the GreatPenny of Cnut, king of Denmark 1018-1035, Norway 1028-1035, and England 1016-1035
Danish issue as king of Denmark
Moneyer: Godwine
Mint: Lund
Malmer 9.636/1716, chain 138
O: +CNVT REX DENORT
R: +GODPINE M-O LVND

Ex- Bruun-Rasmussen1 commentsSt. George's Collection

009 Cnut the GreatPenny of Cnut, king of Denmark 1018-1035, Norway 1028-1035, and England 1016-1035
English issue as King of England
Moneyer: Brunman
Mint: London
S. 1159
O: +CNVT REX A
R: +BRVNMAN ON LV

Ex- Harlan J. BerkSt. George's Collection

014 Nero (54-68 A.D.), RIC I 0062, Rome, AR-Denarius, VESTA,014 Nero (54-68 A.D.), RIC I 0062, Rome, AR-Denarius, VESTA,
avers: NERO CAESAR AVGVSTVS, laureate head right,
revers: VESTA, hexastyle temple of Vesta with domed roof and statue of Vesta within.
exerg: , diameter: 16-16,5mm, weight: g3,31, axes: 6h,
mint: Rome, date: 65-66 A.D., ref: RIC I 0062, p-153, RSC-335, BMC-104,
Q-001quadrans

014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Lydia, Maeonia, Asia (conventus of Sardis), RPC I 3015, AE-16, Mên (Lunus), standing left, #1014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Lydia, Maeonia, Asia (conventus of Sardis), RPC I 3015, AE-16, Mên (Lunus), standing left, #1
avers: NЄPΩИ KAIΣAP, Laureate head right.
reverse: MAIONΩN MENEKPATOYΣ / ЄΠ TI KΛ, Mên (Lunus), standing left, holding pine cone and scepter.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,0-16,5mm, weight: 3,09g, axes: 0h,
mint: City: Maeonia, Region: Lydia, Province: Asia (conventus of Sardis),
date: c. 65 A.D.,
ref: RPC I 3015, BMC 35,
Q-001quadrans

019a06. Marcus AureliusDenarius. Rome mint, 162 AD. Obv: IMP M AVREL ANTONINVS AVG, bare head right. Rev: CONCORD AVG TR P XVI, COS III in ex, Concordia seated left, holding patera and resting elbow on small statue of Spes, cornucopiae below seat. RIC 35, RSC 35.lawrence c

020 Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), RIC² 0002, RIC II(1962) 015D, AR-Denarius, Rome, IVDAEA, Captive Jewess seated right, #1020 Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), RIC² 0002, RIC II(1962) 015D, AR-Denarius, Rome, IVDAEA, Captive Jewess seated right, #1
avers: IMP CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG, Laureate head right.
reverse: IVDAEA, Captive Jewess seated right, hands tied before, a trophy of captured arms behind.
exergue: -/-//IVDAEA, diameter: 16,6-18,5mm, weight: 2,81g, axis: 7h,
mint: Rome, date: 69-70 A.D., ref: RIC² 0002, RIC II(1962) 015D p-16, RSC 226, BMC 35,
Q-001quadrans

020 Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), RIC² 0683, RIC II(1962) ---, Rome, AR-Denarius, PONT MAX TR P COS V, Vespasian seated right, #1020 Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), RIC² 0683, RIC II(1962) ---, Rome, AR-Denarius, PONT MAX TR P COS V, Vespasian seated right, #1
avers: IMP CAESAR VESP AVG, Laureate head right.
reverse: PONT MAX TR P COS V, Vespasian seated right on curule chair, holding scepter and branch.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 18,0-19,0mm, weight: 3,25g, axis: 6h,
mint: Rome, date: 74 A.D., ref: RIC² 0683, RIC II(1962) ---, RSC-363, BMC 135,
Q-0013 commentsquadrans

020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Cappadocia, Caesarea, Galatia-Cappadocia, RPC II 1659, AR-Hemidrachm, Nike advancing right, #1020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Cappadocia, Caesarea, Galatia-Cappadocia, RPC II 1659, AR-Hemidrachm, Nike advancing right, #1
avers: AYTOKP KAICAP OYЄCΠACIANOC CЄBA Laureate head of Vespasian to right.
reverse: Nike advancing right, holding wreath in her right hand and palm frond over her left shoulder.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 12,9-13,9mm, weight: 1,54g, axis: 0h,
mint: City: Caesarea, Region: Cappadocia, Province: Galatia-Cappadocia,
date: 69-79 A.D.,
ref: RPC II 1659, Sydenham 94, Metcalf 17, SGI 735,
Q-001quadrans

020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Caria, Trapezopolis, RPC II 1235, AE-19, Cybele standing facing between two lions, #1020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Caria, Trapezopolis, RPC II 1235, AE-19, Cybele standing facing between two lions, #1
avers: OYEΣΠAΣIANOΣ ΣEBAΣTOΣ, Laureate head right.
reverse: ΤΡΑΠΗΖΟΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ / ΚΛΑΥΔΙΟY / ΟΡΟΝΤΗΣ, Cybele standing facing between two lions. Klaudios Orontes, magistrate.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 18,7-20,0mm, weight: 3,92g, axis: 6h,
mint: City: Trapezopolis, Region: Caria, Province: Asia, Subprovince: Conventus of Alabanda,
date: 69-79 A.D.,
ref: RPC II 1235,
Q-0011 commentsquadrans

0217 - Nummus Constantine I 323-4 ACObv/ CONSTANTINVS AG, laureate bust of C. r.
Rev/ Victory advancing r. holding trophy and branch, advancing over captive on ground; around, SARMATIA DEVICTA; in ex., PLON and symbol.

AE, 20.5 mm, 3.78 g
Mint: Londinium.
RIC VII/2 [R2] - CT 10.01.003 [C]
ex-Roma Numismatics, auction e35, lot 1539 (ex-colln of a connoisseur)dafnis

0218 - Nummus Constantine II c.324 ACObv/ CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C, laureate bust of C. II r.
Rev/ Laurel wreath with VOT X inscribed on two lines inside; around, CAESARVM NOSTRORVM; in ex., PLON and symbol.

AE, 20.1 mm, 4.18 g
Mint: Londinium.
RIC VII/292 [C3] - CT 10.01.007 [CC]
ex-Roma Numismatics, auction e35, lot 1586dafnis

024b Domitian (69-81 A.D. Caesar, 81-96 A.D. Augustus), RIC 0290, RIC II(1962) 0155a(Titus), AE-Sestertius, Rome, PAX-AVGVST, S-C, Pax left, #1024b Domitian (69-81 A.D. Caesar, 81-96 A.D. Augustus), RIC 0290, RIC II(1962) 0155a(Titus), AE-Sestertius, Rome, PAX-AVGVST, S-C, Pax left, #1
avers:- CAES-DIVI-AVG-VESP-F-DOMITIAN-COS-VII, Laureate head of Domitian right.
revers:- PAX-AVGVST, Pax standing left, holding branch and cornucopia, S-C across the field.
exe: S/C//--, diameter: 32,5-34mm, weight: 22,33g, axis: 6h,
mint: Rome , date: 80 A.D., ref: RIC 0290, RIC II(1962) 0155a(Titus) p-135,
Q-0014 commentsquadrans

024c Domitian (69-81 A.D. Caesar, 81-96 A.D. Augustus), RIC 0250, RIC II(1962) 0435, AE-Quadrans, Rome, Rhinoceros walking left, Scarce!, #1024c Domitian (69-81 A.D. Caesar, 81-96 A.D. Augustus), RIC 0250, RIC II(1962) 0435, AE-Quadrans, Rome, Rhinoceros walking left, Scarce!, #1
avers: Rhinoceros walking left.
reverse: IMP DOMIT AVG GERM around large SC.
diameter: 16,518mm, weight: 2,24, axis: 6h,
mint: Rome, date: 84-85 A.D., ref: RIC 0250, RIC II(1962) 0435 p-208, BMCRE 498, C-674,
Q-0011 commentsquadrans

024c Domitian (69-81 A.D. Caesar, 81-96 A.D. Augustus), RIC 0493, RIC II(1962) 0335, AE-As, Rome, MONETA AVGVSTI, S-C, Moneta standing left, #1024c Domitian (69-81 A.D. Caesar, 81-96 A.D. Augustus), RIC 0493, RIC II(1962) 0335, AE-As, Rome, MONETA AVGVSTI, S-C, Moneta standing left, #1
avers:- IMP-CAES-DOMIT-AVG-GERM-COS-XII-CENS-PER-P-P, Laureate head of Domitian right.
revers:- MONETA-AVGVSTI, Moneta standing left, holding scales and cornucopiae, S-C across the field.
exe: S/C//--, diameter: 26-28mm, weight: 10,20g, axis: 6h,
mint: Rome, date: 86 A.D., ref: RIC 0493, RIC II(1962) 0335 p-196, C-327,
Q-0011 commentsquadrans

026a21. Septimius SeverusLimes Denarius. 15.8mm, 1.83 g. Obv: IMP CAE L SEV PERT AVG COS II, laureate head right. Rev: TR P III IMP V COS II, two captives seated at base of trophy. Based on RIC 435, RSC 658.lawrence c

03 Constantius IIConstantius II

Antioch, AE 2
DN CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG, pearl and rosette diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right / FEL TEMP RE-PARATIO, soldier standing left, spearing a fallen horseman who is bearded, hair in braids, clutching the horse's neck. Γ in left field. Mintmark ANZ. RIC VIII Antioch 135 var (unlisted bust type).

Antioch
RIC VIII 135, Z var Randygeki(h2)

030a19. ElagabalusBronze AE 18, cf. Sofaer 53, Spijkerman 56, Rosenberger IV 35, SNG ANS 1373 ff., SNG Cop 150, SNG Righetti 2548, BMC Arabia -, VF, Petra (Jordan) mint, weight 2.827g, maximum diameter 17.6mm, die axis 180o, 16 May 218 - 11 Mar 222 A.D.; obverse IMP C M AVP ANTONIN (or similar), laureate and draped bust right, seen from behind; reverse emperor ceremonially plowing right with a cow and an ox, marking the pomerium (sacred boundary) to found the new colony, togate, right hand raised, PETΛA above, COLON in exergue. A FORUM coin.lawrence c

032 Hadrianus (117-138 A.D.), RIC II 0267, Rome, AR-Denarius, SALVS AVG, Salus standing right, 032 Hadrianus (117-138 A.D.), RIC II 0267, Rome, AR-Denarius, SALVS AVG, Salus standing right,
avers: HADRIANVS-AVG-COS-III-P-P, Laureate head right.
revers: SALVS-AVG, Salus standing right, feeding snake rising from altar out of patera.
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 17mm, weight: 2,82g, axes: 6h,
mint: Rome, date: 137 A.D., ref: RIC II 267 p-368, RSC-1335,
Q-0012 commentsquadrans

032 Sigismund, ( Sigismund of Luxemburg)., King of Hungary, (1387-1437 A.D.) AR-Denar, H-576, C2-121, U-449e., P-117-44, #01032 Sigismund, ( Sigismund of Luxemburg)., King of Hungary, (1387-1437 A.D.) AR-Denar, H-576, C2-121, U-449e., P-117-44, #01
avers: + mOn • SIGISmVnDI, Patriarchal (long!) cross.
reverse: + RЄGIS VnGARIЄ ЄT C, Four-part shield, Árpádian stripes, and Brandenburg eagle.
exergue, mint mark: *//--, diameter: 12,5mm, weight: 0,47g, axis:9h,
mint: Hungary, Moneyer: (?) (by Pohl), date: 1387-1389 A.D. (by Pohl),
ref: Huszár-576, CNH-2-121, Unger-449e., Pohl-117-44, Lengyel EK-III. 27/4/35,
Q-0012 commentsquadrans

032p Hadrianus (117-138 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC III 5693, AE-Hemiobol, L/IA//--, Stag standing right, #1032p Hadrianus (117-138 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC III 5693, AE-Hemiobol, L/IA//--, Stag standing right, #1
avers: AΥT KAI TPAI AΔPIA CEB, Laureate head right.
reverse: No legends, Stag standing right, L-IA.
exergue: L/IA//--, diameter: 18,5-19,0mm, weight: 5,4g, axis: 0h,
mint: Egypt, Alexandria, date: 126-127 A.D., Year (IA)11.,
ref:
RPC III 5693,
Emmet -IA,
Milne 1235,
Geissen 966,
Dattari 2023,
Kampmann-Ganschow 032.439,
Köln 0966,
BMC 0854,
SNG Copenhagen -,
Sear 3824
Q-0011 commentsquadrans

032p Hadrianus (117-138 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC III 6131, AR-Tetradrachm, L/K-A, Demeter standing facing, #1032p Hadrianus (117-138 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC III 6131, AR-Tetradrachm, L/K-A, Demeter standing facing, #1
avers: AYT KAIC TΡA AΔΡIANOC CEB, Laureate head of Hadrian, right (drapery on the left shoulder ?).
reverse: L/K-A, Demeter standing facing, head left, wearing crescent, holding ears of corn and torch.
exergue: L/K/A//--, diameter: 24,5-25,0mm, weight: 13,54g, axis: 11h,
mint: Egypt, Alexandria, date: 136-137 A.D., L-KA Year 21.,
ref:
RPC III 6131,
Emmet 832,
Milne 1519-1520, 1525,
Geissen 1209,
Dattari 1335,
Kampmann-Ganschow 032.720,
Köln 1209,
BMC 579,
Sear -,
Q-001
Note: Ex Savoca2 commentsquadrans

033 Sabina (???-136 A.D.), RIC II 1019, Rome, AE-Sestertius, No legends, -/-//SC, Ceres seated left, Scarce! #1033 Sabina (???-136 A.D.), RIC II 1019, Rome, AE-Sestertius, No legends, -/-//SC, Ceres seated left, Scarce! #1
avers: SABINA•AVGVSTA HADRIANI•AVG P P, Her bust diademed draped bust right with hair coiled on top of the head.
reverse: No legends/SC, Ceres seated left on basket holding corn-ears and torch.
exergue: -/-//SC, diameter: 34,0-35,0mm, weight: 22,34g, axes: 6h, Scarce!
mint: Roma, date: 128-134 A.D.,
ref: RIC II 1019, Cohen 69, BMC 1879, Sear 3939, Strack II, 858,
Q-0016 commentsquadrans

036. Trajan Decius, 249-251AD. AE Sestertius. AE Sestertius. Rome mint.

Obv. Laureate and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind IMP C M Q TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG

Rev. Dacia, wearing robe reaching feet, standing left holding vertical staff topped with a wolf's head DACIA SC.

RIC p. 135, 112b; C 18, , 18.398g, 22.4mm. gVF
LordBest

036b04. TranquillinaCius, Bithynia.
Bronze AE 23, RPC Online VII.2 1880; Rec Gén I.2 111, pl. LIII, 4; BMC Pontus p. 135, 46; SNG Cop 397; SNG Hunter 1069; SNG Verona 1352; 6.976g, 23.3mm, die axis 180o, May 241 - 25 Feb 244 A.D.; obverse CABEI TPANKYΛΛEINA, draped bust right, wearing stephane; reverse KIANΩN, two goats rearing facing one another, amphora between them. A FORUM coin.
1 commentslawrence c

037b Marcus Aurelius (139-161 A.D. as Caesar, 161-180 A.D. as Augustus), RIC III 0159, Rome, AR-Denarius, TR P XX IMP IIII COS III, -/-//PAX, Pax standing left,037b Marcus Aurelius (139-161 A.D. as Caesar, 161-180 A.D. as Augustus), RIC III 0159, Rome, AR-Denarius, TR P XX IMP IIII COS III, -/-//PAX, Pax standing left,
avers:- M-ANTONINVS-AVG-ARM-PARTH-MAX, Laureate head right
revers:- TR P XX IMP IIII COS III, Pax standing left, holding branch and cornucopiae.
exerg: -/-//PAX, diameter: 17,5-18mm, weight: 3,37g, axis: 6h,
mint: Rome, date:166 A.D., ref: RIC-III-159, p-, BMCRE 401, RSC 435,
Q-0013 commentsquadrans

043 Ferdinand I., (Ferdinand I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1526-1564 A.D.), AR-Denarius, U-745a, 1528, Madonna and child, #01043 Ferdinand I., (Ferdinand I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1526-1564 A.D.), AR-Denarius, U-745a, 1528, Madonna and child, #01
avers:- •1528•FERDINAND•D•G•R•VNG, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Central shield are Austrian shield.
revers:- PATRONA•-•VNGARIE, Crowned Madonna sits with child on her right arm. K-B crossed the field.
diameter: 15,5 mm, weight: 0,55 g, axis: 4h,
mint mark: K-B, mint: Körmöczbánya, date: 1528 A.D.,
ref: Unger-745a, CNH-3-40, Huszár-935,
Q-001quadrans

043 Ferdinand I., (Ferdinand I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1526-1564 A.D.), AR-Denarius, U-745a, 1531, Madonna and child, #01043 Ferdinand I., (Ferdinand I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1526-1564 A.D.), AR-Denarius, U-745a, 1531, Madonna and child, #01
avers: •1531•FERDINAND•D•G•R•VNG, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Central shields are Austrian shields.
revers: PATRONA•-•VNGARIE, Crowned Madonna sits with a child on her right arm. K-B crossed the field.
diameter: 15,7 mm, weight: 0,49 g, axis: 7h,
mint mark: K-B, mint: Körmöczbánya, date: 1531 A.D.,
ref: Unger-745a, CNH-3-40, Huszár-935,
Q-001quadrans

043 Ferdinand I., (Ferdinand I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1526-1564 A.D.), AR-Denarius, U-745a, 1534, Madonna and child, #01043 Ferdinand I., (Ferdinand I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1526-1564 A.D.), AR-Denarius, U-745a, 1534, Madonna and child, #01
avers: •1534•FERDINAND•D•G•R•VNG, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Central shields are Austrian shields.
revers: PATRONA•-rosette-•VNGARIE, Crowned Madonna sits with a child on her right arm. K-B crossed the field.
diameter: 16,3 mm, weight: 0,54 g, axis: 9h,
mint mark: K-B,, mint: Körmöczbánya, date: 1534 A.D.,
ref: Unger-745a, CNH-3-40, Huszár-935,
Q-001quadrans

043 Ferdinand I., (Ferdinand I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1526-1564 A.D.), AR-Denarius, U-745a, 1551, Madonna and child, #01043 Ferdinand I., (Ferdinand I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1526-1564 A.D.), AR-Denarius, U-745a, 1551, Madonna and child, #01
avers: •1551•FERDINAND•D•G•R•VNG, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Central shields are Austrian shields.
revers: PATRONA•-•VNGARIE, Crowned Madonna sits with a child on her right arm. K-B crossed the field.
diameter: 14,6 mm, weight: 0,53 g, axis: 9h,
mint mark: K-B, mint: Körmöczbánya, date: 1551 A.D.,
ref: Unger-745a, CNH-3-40, Huszár-935,
Q-001quadrans

043 Ferdinand I., (Ferdinand I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1526-1564 A.D.), AR-Denarius, U-745a, 1551, Madonna and child, #02043 Ferdinand I., (Ferdinand I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1526-1564 A.D.), AR-Denarius, U-745a, 1551, Madonna and child, #02
avers: •1551•FERDINAND•D•G•R•VNG, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Central shields are Austrian shields.
revers: PATRONA•-rosette-•VNGARIE, Crowned Madonna sits with a child on her right arm. K-B crossed the field.
diameter: 15,2 mm, weight: 0,56 g, axis: 7h,
mint mark: K-B, mint: Körmöczbánya, date: 1551 A.D.,
ref: Unger-745a, CNH-3-40, Huszár-935,
Q-001quadrans

049 Septimius Severus (193-211 A.D.), Rome, RIC IV-I 261, AR-Denarius, FELICITAS AVG G, Felicitas standing left, #1049 Septimius Severus (193-211 A.D.), Rome, RIC IV-I 261, AR-Denarius, FELICITAS AVG G, Felicitas standing left, #1
avers: SEVERVS PIVS AVG, Laureate head right.
reverse: FELICIT AS AVG G, Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopia.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,5 mm, weight: 3,53g, axis: 7h,
mint: Rome, date: 202-210 A.D.,
ref: RIC IV-I 261, p124, RSC 135,
Q-001quadrans

049 Septimius Severus (193-211 A.D.), Rome, RIC IV-I 266, AR-Denarius, INDVLGENTIA AVG G, INCARTH, The Dea Caelestis, #1049 Septimius Severus (193-211 A.D.), Rome, RIC IV-I 266, AR-Denarius, INDVLGENTIA AVG G, INCARTH, The Dea Caelestis, #1
avers: SEVERVS PIVS AVG, Laureate bust right.
reverse: INDVLGEN TIA AVG G, The Dea Caelestis, wearing an elaborate headdress, looking right, riding right on a lion, holding thunderbolt and sceptre, below, water gushing from rocks at left.
exergue: -/-//INCARTH, diameter: 17,0-19,0mm, weight: 3,79g, axis: 1h,
mint: Rome, date: 203-04 A.D.,
ref: RIC IV-I 266, p-125, RSC 222, BMCRE 335,
Q-0012 commentsquadrans

049p Septimius Severus (193-211 A.D.), Moesia, Nicopolis Ad Istrum, HrHJ (2012) 08.14.48.26, AE-17, NIKOΠOΛITΩN ΠPOC I, Crescent with four stars, #1049p Septimius Severus (193-211 A.D.), Moesia, Nicopolis Ad Istrum, HrHJ (2012) 08.14.48.26, AE-17, NIKOΠOΛITΩN ΠPOC I, Crescent with four stars, #1
avers: AV K Λ C CEVHPOC, Laureate head right.
revers: NIKOΠOΛITΩN ΠPOC I, Crescent with four stars.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16-17,5mm, weight: 2,49g, axes: 2h,
mint: Moesia, Nicopolis Ad Istrum, date: 193-211 A.D.,
ref: HrHJ (2012) 08.14.48.26, PB 1433-1435, HM 986,
Q-001quadrans

050 Nero Nero Denarius. NERO CAESAR AVGVSTVS, laureate head right / VESTA, hexastyle temple of Vesta with domed roof & statue of Vesta within. RIC 62, RSC 335, BMC 104Randygeki(h2)

050p Julia Domna (170-217 A.D.), Pisidia, Antioch, BMC (Lycia) 35, AE-22, ANTIOCH ENI COL CAE, Genius of Antioch standing left, #1050p Julia Domna (170-217 A.D.), Pisidia, Antioch, BMC (Lycia) 35, AE-22, ANTIOCH ENI COL CAE, Genius of Antioch standing left, #1
avers: IVLIA AV GVSTA, Draped bust of Julia Domna right.
reverse: ANTIOCH ENI COL CAE, Genius of Antioch standing front, head left, holding branch and cornucopia.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 22,0mm, weight: 5,40g, axis: 6h,
mint: Pisidia, Antioch, date: 193-211 A.D.,
ref: BMC Lycia etc. pg 181, 35,
Q-001quadrans

051 Caracalla (196-198 A.D. Caesar, 198-217 A.D. Augustus ), Laodicea, RIC IV-I 335, AR-Denarius, IVSTITIA, Justitia seated left, #1051 Caracalla (196-198 A.D. Caesar, 198-217 A.D. Augustus ), Laodicea, RIC IV-I 335, AR-Denarius, IVSTITIA, Justitia seated left, #1
avers: IMP C M AVR ANTON AVG P TR P, Youthful, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: IVSTITIA, Justitia seated left, holding globe and scepter.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,5-18,5mm, weight: 3,48g, axis: 11h,
mint: Laodicea, date: 198 A.D.,
ref: RIC IV-I 335, RSC 113, BMCRE 637,
Q-001quadrans

051 Caracalla (196-198 A.D. Caesar, 198-217 A.D. Augustus ), Rome, RIC IV-I 135, AR-Denarius, IIII•LIBERALITAS AVG G, Liberalitas standing left, #1051 Caracalla (196-198 A.D. Caesar, 198-217 A.D. Augustus ), Rome, RIC IV-I 135, AR-Denarius, IIII•LIBERALITAS AVG G, Liberalitas standing left, #1
avers: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG, Youthful bust of Caracalla laureated and draped bust to right.
reverse: IIII•LIBE RA LITAS AVG G, Liberalitas standing left holding abacus and cornucopia.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 18,5-19,0mm, weight: 3,37g, axis: 0h,
mint: Rome, date: 201-206 A.D.,
ref: RIC IV-I 135, RSC 122,
Q-0011 commentsquadrans

051p Caracalla (196-198 A.D. Caesar, 198-217 A.D. Augustus ), Macedonia, Stobi, SNG Cop335, AE-23, MVNICIP STOBENSI, Nike advancing right, #1051p Caracalla (196-198 A.D. Caesar, 198-217 A.D. Augustus ), Macedonia, Stobi, SNG Cop335, AE-23, MVNICIP STOBENSI, Nike advancing right, #1
avers: M AVREL A NTONIN..., Laureate head right.
reverse: MVNICIP S TOBENSI, Nike advancing right holding wreath and palm frond.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 23,0mm, weight: 5,78g, axis: 0h,
mint: Macedonia, Stoby, date:198 - 217 A.D.,
ref: SNG Cop335, Moushmov 6553,
Q-001quadrans

056 Elagabalus (218-222 A.D.), RIC IV-II 094, Rome, AR-Antoninianus, LAETITIA PVBL, Laetitia standing left, #1056 Elagabalus (218-222 A.D.), RIC IV-II 094, Rome, AR-Antoninianus, LAETITIA PVBL, Laetitia standing left, #1
avers:-IMP-ANTONINVS-AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
revers:-LAETITIA-PVBL, Laetitia standing left, holding wreath and rudder on globe.
exe: -/-//--, diameter:21-23mm, weight:3,86g, axis: -h,
mint: Rome, date: 218 A.D., ref: RIC-IV-II-94, p-35, C-72,
Q-001quadrans

056 Elagabalus (218-222 A.D.), RIC IV-II 094, Rome, AR-Antoninianus, LAETITIA PVBL, Laetitia standing left, #2056 Elagabalus (218-222 A.D.), RIC IV-II 094, Rome, AR-Antoninianus, LAETITIA PVBL, Laetitia standing left, #2
avers:-IMP-ANTONINVS-AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
revers:-LAETITIA-PVBL, Laetitia standing left, holding wreath and rudder on globe.
exe: -/-//--, diameter:20-21mm, weight: 4,36g, axis: -h,
mint: Rome, date: 218 A.D., ref: RIC-IV-II-94, p-35, C-72,
Q-002quadrans

064 - Septimius Severus denarius - RIC 435Obv:– IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG COS II, Laureate head right
Rev:– . T . R . P . III IMP . – . V COS . II, Two captives seated at base of trophy
Minted in Emesa, A.D. 195
References:– BMC 410, RIC 435, RSC 658maridvnvm

064 Iulia Mamaea (190-235 A.D.), RIC IV-II 335, Rome, AR-Denarius, FELICITAS PVBLICA, Felicitas standing, head left, #1064 Iulia Mamaea (190-235 A.D.), RIC IV-II 335, Rome, AR-Denarius, FELICITAS PVBLICA, Felicitas standing, head left, #1
avers: IVLIA-MA-MAEA-AVG, Diademed bust right, draped.
revers: FELICITAS-PVBLICA, Felicitas standing, head left, holding caduceus and resting arm on column.
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: mm, weight: g, axis: h,
mint: Rome, date: 223 A.D., ref: RIC-IV-II-335, p-, C-17,
Q-0012 commentsquadrans

064 Iulia Mamaea (190-235 A.D.), RIC IV-II 335v.(base metal!), Rome, "Limes" Denarius, AR-Denarius, FELICITAS PVBLICA, Felicitas standing left, #1064 Iulia Mamaea (190-235 A.D.), RIC IV-II 335v.(base metal!), Rome, "Limes" Denarius, AR-Denarius, FELICITAS PVBLICA, Felicitas standing left, #1
avers: IVLIA MA MAEA AVG, Draped, bust right.
reverse: FELICIT AS PVBLICA, Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and leaning an elbow on column and crossing legs.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 18,0mm, weight: 2,62g, axis: 0h,
mint: Rome, date: 228 A.D.,ref: RIC IV-II 335v., p-98, (base metal, "Limes"), C-17v.,
Q-001quadrans

064 Iulia Mamaea (190-235 A.D.), RIC IV-II 343, Rome, AR-Denarius, IVNO CONSERVATRIX, Juno standing left, #1064 Iulia Mamaea (190-235 A.D.), RIC IV-II 343, Rome, AR-Denarius, IVNO CONSERVATRIX, Juno standing left, #1
avers:- IVLIA-MAMAEA-AVG, Draped, bust right.
revers:- IVNO-CONSERVATRIX, Juno standing left, holding patera and scepter; peacock to left.
exerg: -/-//, diameter: 18mm, weight: 3,02g, axis:- h,
mint: Rome, date: 222-235 A.D.,ref: RIC-IV-II-343, p-98, C-35,
Q-0011 commentsquadrans

064 Iulia Mamaea (190-235 A.D.), RIC IV-II 343, Rome, AR-Denarius, IVNO CONSERVATRIX, Juno standing left, #2064 Iulia Mamaea (190-235 A.D.), RIC IV-II 343, Rome, AR-Denarius, IVNO CONSERVATRIX, Juno standing left, #2
avers:- IVLIA-MAMAEA-AVG, Draped, bust right.
revers:- IVNO-CONSERVATRIX, Juno standing left, holding patera and scepter; peacock to left.
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 18mm, weight: 2,42g, axis:7 h,
mint: Rome, date: 222-235 A.D.,ref: RIC-IV-II-343, p-98, C-35,
Q-002quadrans

064 Iulia Mamaea (190-235 A.D.), RIC IV-II 343, Rome, AR-Denarius, IVNO CONSERVATRIX, Juno standing left, #3064 Iulia Mamaea (190-235 A.D.), RIC IV-II 343, Rome, AR-Denarius, IVNO CONSERVATRIX, Juno standing left, #3
avers:- IVLIA-MAMAEA-AVG, Draped, bust right.
revers:- IVNO-CONSERVATRIX, Juno standing left, holding patera and scepter; peacock to left.
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 18-18,5mm, weight: 2,50g, axis:1h,
mint: Rome, date: 222-235 A.D.,ref: RIC-IV-II-343, p-98, C-35,
Q-003quadrans

07 - Faustina Jr. - AR Denarius - CERESAncient Roman Empire
Empress Faustina Jr. (161 - 175 AD)
also known as 'Faustina the Younger', daughter of Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius (138 - 161 AD) and Roman Empress Faustina Sr. (138 - 141 AD) also known as 'Faustina the Elder'.
Faustina Jr. was wife of the Roman Emperor, who also happened to be her maternal cousin, Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius (161 - 180 AD).
She was also mother to the future Emperor 'Commodus' (180 - 192 AD, sole reign ).

obv: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA - Draped bust of Empress Faustina facing right.
rev: CERES - Ceres seated left, holding corn ears and long torch.

Size: 19 mm
Weight: 3.4 Grams
----
--------
----
Imperial Lifetime Issue Minted During the Reign of Marcus Aurelius.

References: RIC 669, RSC 35, BMC 79
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-2 commentsrexesq

07 - Faustina Jr. - AR Denarius - CERES - with US 25 Cent coin.Ancient Roman Empire
Empress Faustina Jr. (161 - 175 AD)
also known as 'Faustina the Younger', daughter of Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius (138 - 161 AD) and Roman Empress Faustina Sr. (138 - 141 AD) also known as 'Faustina the Elder'.
Faustina Jr. was wife of the Roman Emperor, who also happened to be her maternal cousin, Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius (161 - 180 AD).
She was also mother to the future Emperor 'Commodus' (180 - 192 AD, sole reign ).

obv: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA - Draped bust of Empress Faustina facing right.
rev: CERES - Ceres seated left, holding corn ears and long torch.

Size: 19 mm
Weight: 3.4 Grams
----
--------
----
Imperial Lifetime Issue Minted During the Reign of Marcus Aurelius.

References: RIC 669, RSC 35, BMC 79
---
-
--------------------------------
*US Quarter Dollar (25 cents) to right, for size comparison.
--------------------------------rexesq

074p Philippus I. (244-249 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, G-2715, D-4935, BI-Tetradrachm, L/Γ//--, Eagle standing left, #1074p Philippus I. (244-249 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, G-2715, D-4935, BI-Tetradrachm, L/Γ//--, Eagle standing left, #1
avers: A K M IOY ΦIΛIΠΠOC EYCEB, Laureate, and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: Eagle standing left, head turned right, holding wreath in beak. Date L-Γ across fields.
exergue: L/Γ//--, diameter: 22,0-23,0 mm, weight: 12,28 g, axis: 0h,
mint: Egypt, Alexandria, date: Dated Year (L-Γ=3), 245-246 A.D., ref: Geissen-2715, Dattari-4935, Kapmann-Ganschow-73.34-p296, Milne 3631, Emmett 3480.
Q-001quadrans

076b Philippus II. (244-7 A.D., Caes, 247-9 A.D. Aug.), RIC IV-III 235, Antioch, AR-Antoninianus, P M TR P VI COS P P, Felicitas standing half-left, Rare!, #1076b Philippus II. (244-7 A.D., Caes, 247-9 A.D. Aug.), RIC IV-III 235, Antioch, AR-Antoninianus, P M TR P VI COS P P, Felicitas standing half-left, Rare!, #1
avers: IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG, Radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: P M TR P VI COS P P, Felicitas standing half-left, holding caduceus and cornucopia.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 21,0-22,5 mm, weight: 3,29 g, axis: 0 h,
mint: Antioch, date: 249 A.D.,
ref: RIC IV-III 235, RSC 38, Rare!,
Q-001quadrans

084 Volusian (251-253 A.D.), Rome, RIC IV-III 187, AR-Antoninianus, -/*//--, VIRTVS AVG G, Virtus standing, head left, #1084 Volusian (251-253 A.D.), Rome, RIC IV-III 187, AR-Antoninianus, -/*//--, VIRTVS AVG G, Virtus standing, head left, #1
avers: IMP CAE C VIB VOLVSIANO AVG, Radiate, draped, cuirassed, right.
reverse: VIRTVS AVG G, Virtus standing, head left, holding shield and spear, star in right field.
exergue: -/*//--, diameter: 21,0-21,5mm, weight: 3,84g, axis: 7h,
mint: Rome, date:251-253 A.D.,
ref: RIC IV-III 187, RSC 135, Sear 9778,
Q-001quadrans

090b Gallienus (253-268 A.D.), Rome, RIC V-I 207K, AE-Antoninianus, Sole Reign, -/-//ς, IOVI CONS AVG, Goat right, #2090b Gallienus (253-268 A.D.), Rome, RIC V-I 207K, AE-Antoninianus, Sole Reign, -/-//ς, IOVI CONS AVG, Goat right, #2
avers: GALLIENVS AVG, Radiate head right.
reverse: IOVI CONS AVG, Goat standing or walking right,
exergue: -/-//ς (=). (officina mark), diameter: 19,0-21,0mm, weight: 3,01g, axis: 11h,
mint: Rome, date: 260-268 A.D.,
ref: RIC V-I 207K, p-, Göbl 731b, RSC 341, Sear(2005) Vol.III. 10235,
Q-002quadrans

104p Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3041, D-5402, -/LB//--, Nike advancing right, #1104p Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3041, D-5402, -/LB//--, Nike advancing right, #1
avers: AVT K KΛAVΔIOC CEB, Laureate and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: Nike advancing right, holding wreath and palm, year LB in right field.
exergue: -/LB//--, diameter: 20,0mm, weight: 10,76g, axes: h,
mint: Egypt, Alexandria, date: 269-270 A.D., Year 2. LB., ref: Milne 4235, Giessen-3041, Dattari-5402, Kapmann-Ganschow-104.29-p-329,
Q-001quadrans

106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-----, RIC V-I ---, Cyzicus, AE-Antoninianus, IOVI STATORI, -/-//--, Jupiter standing left, Not in Estiot site !!! Rare !106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-----, RIC V-I ---, Cyzicus, AE-Antoninianus, IOVI STATORI, -/-//--, Jupiter standing left, Not in Estiot site !!! Rare !
avers:- IMP AVRELIANVS AVG, Bust left, radiate, cuirassed, (B1-left). Two dot under the bust.
revers:- IOVI STATORI, Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt in right hand and long sceptre in left hand. (Jupiter 1)
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 25mm, weight: 3,67g, axes: 1h,
mint: Cyzicus, iss- ph-, off-, date: 271 (?) A.D., ref: T-??? (Estiot), RIC V-I ???, Rare!!!, Similar coin in Numismatik Naumann, 6. Sept. 2015, Auction 35, Lot 728,
Q-001quadrans

106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-1509, RIC V-I 135, Mediolanum, AE-Antoninianus, ORIENS AVG, -/-/S, Sol standing faceing, head left, #1106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-1509, RIC V-I 135, Mediolanum, AE-Antoninianus, ORIENS AVG, -/-/S, Sol standing faceing, head left, #1
avers:- AVRELIANVS AVG, Radiated, cuirassed bust right. (B1)
revers:- ORIENS AVG, Sol standing facing, head left, with right hand raised and holding globe in left hand; at feet to left, a bound and seated captive in oriental dress. (Sol 2c)
exerg: -/-/S, diameter: 20,5-21,5mm, weight: 3,70g, axes: 7h,
mint: Mediolanum, iss-5, ph-1, off-2, date: 274 A.D., ref: T-1509 (Estiot), RIC V-I 135,
Q-001quadrans

106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-1509, RIC V-I 135, Mediolanum, AE-Antoninianus, ORIENS AVG, -/-/S, Sol standing faceing, head left, #2106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-1509, RIC V-I 135, Mediolanum, AE-Antoninianus, ORIENS AVG, -/-/S, Sol standing faceing, head left, #2
avers:- AVRELIANVS AVG, Radiated, cuirassed bust right. (B1)
revers:- ORIENS AVG, Sol standing facing, head left, with right hand raised and holding globe in left hand; at feet to left, a bound and seated captive in oriental dress. (Sol 2c)
exerg: -/-/S, diameter: 21,5mm, weight: 3,85g, axes: 0h,
mint: Mediolanum, iss-5, ph-1, off-2, date: 274 A.D., ref: T-1509 (Estiot), RIC V-I 135,
Q-002quadrans

106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-1535, RIC V-I 151, Ticinum, AE-Antoninianus, ORIENS AVG, */-/QXXT, Sol walking left,106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-1535, RIC V-I 151, Ticinum, AE-Antoninianus, ORIENS AVG, */-/QXXT, Sol walking left,
avers: IMP C AVRELIANVS AVG, Radiated, cuirassed bust right. (B1)
reverse: ORIENS AVG, Sol standing left, with right hand raised and holding the globe in left hand, right foot resting on a bound captive in oriental dress seated left, on the other side, another bound captive in an oriental dress seated right, head turned left. (Sol 2g)
exergue: */-/QXXT, diameter: 20,0-22,0mm, weight: 3,80g, axes: 6h,
mint: Ticinum, iss-2, off-4, date: 274 A.D., ref: T-1535 (Estiot), RIC V-I 151,
Q-0012 commentsquadrans

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