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Aeolidis, Aegaea. AE18. Circa 43-48, 3.28 gm.
Obv BPITANNIKOC KAICAP Bare head of Britannicus r.
Rev : AIGAEWN EPI CALE / OU Zeus standing l., holding eagle and sceptre.
Ref : RPC 2431 (5 ex known)R. Smits
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ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻪ
ﺿﺮﺏ ﻛﻤﺶ
ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﻈﻢ
ﺭﻛﻦﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ
ﻗﻠﺞ ﺍﺭﺳﻼﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻴﺨﺴﺮﻭ
Quant.Geek
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Can someone explain to me something about this coin
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2nd - 1st Century BC, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Cantii, AE Potin, Minted between 100 and 30 BCObverse: No legend. Crude outline of head facing right; pellet within circle in centre.
Reverse: No legend. Crude lines representing a bull facing left, crescents above.
Flat Linear type, Class 1
Found, Thames Valley region, England
Diameter: 17mm | Weight: 1.9gms | Axis: 3h
BMC: 667-714 | SPINK: 63
The Cantii produced the first coins to be actually made in Britain.
These coins were cast in strips which were then cut into separate coins and as a result often retain characteristic cut edges from the runlets which joined them together.
THE CANTII (or Cantiaci)
The Cantii (after whom Kent and Canterbury are named) were the major tribal group in the South East region of England, bordered by the Atrebates, Regni and Catuvellauni.
This region was heavily influenced by continental cultures on the periphery of the early Roman world and this resulted in the Cantii producing the first coins actually made in Britain. These are known as “potins” and they were produced between the mid 2nd to the mid 1st century BC. The earliest versions are known as Kentish Primary, or Thurrock, types. Comparatively the later types, like those from the recently discovered Hillingdon Hoard, are of the “flat linear” type, which uses simplified and abstracted images. Similar coins from the late Iron Age have been found, but in much smaller quantities.
The word “potin” is of French origin and is used to describe these early coins which were cast in clay moulds from a copper alloy with a high tin content. They would have been shiny and silver-coloured when new, and though occasionally examples have turned up which retain this colouration, most coins by the time they get dug up have a characteristic black patina from tin oxidation. These were cast in strips which were then cut into separate coins and as a result often retain characteristic cut edges from the runlets which joined them together. The moulds themselves were made using “master” matrices of copper alloy which were cast with the design for one side of a coin in high relief and pressed into the clay. A rare example of a mould of this type was found a few miles west of the Surrey border in Hampshire.
The designs of the majority of potins found in England derive ultimately from coins produced in the Greek colonial Mediterranean city of Massalia (modern Marseilles) in southern Gaul in the late 4th century BC. These coins featured a head of Apollo on the obverse and a charging bull on the reverse. They were originally imported from the continent and later locally copied in the mid 2nd century BC, in the form of what are known as “Thurrock” types, which adhere closely to the original design. Later forms, known as “flat linear” types, greatly simplified this design into deep abstraction, ultimately reducing the head of Apollo to an outline and the bull to a trapezoidal arrangement of lines
We don’t know what these coins were called by the people who made them, or what they were worth in fiscal terms, but they are generally only found in south east England, which probably reflects the limits of the political and economic influence of the Cantii themselves. It isn't even clear what the role of these Iron Age coins actually was, though it is likely that they assisted in the maintenance of some kind of social power structure. Coins were not generally used as day to day currency by the people of Britain in the 1st and 2nd centuries BC, so apart from any monetary transactions, their range of uses probably included the storage of wealth, use as political tribute, and / or votive objects used as offerings to the gods.
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 *Alex
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2nd - 1st Century BC, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Durotriges, Base AR Stater, Struck c.40 BCObverse: No legend. Abstract head of Apollo made up of pellets and lines.
Reverse: No legend. Crude disjointed horse with three tails standing facing left, large group of pellets and “coffee bean” symbol above, single pellet below.
One of a small group of coins found west of Cheriton, south east of Winchester.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 2.89gms | Axis: Unclear
Spink: 366
THE DUROTRIGES
The Durotriges were one of the Celtic tribes living in Britain prior to the Roman invasion. They were one of the groups that issued coinage before the Roman conquest. Their coins were abstract and simple and had no inscriptions, so no names of any issuers or rulers are known. Nevertheless, the Durotriges presented a settled society, based in the farming of lands surrounded by hill forts, the majority of which seem to have gone out of use by 100 BC, long before the arrival of the Romans in 43 or 44 AD. Constructed initially around 600 BC, the Durotriges ultimately occupied the largest hill fort in Britain, Maiden Castle, which encloses some 19 hectares (47 acres). Around 100 BC though, for some reason habitation at the hill fort went into decline and became concentrated at the eastern end of the site. Maiden Castle appears to have been abandoned after the Roman conquest of Britain although the Romans later built a small temple on the site.
The tribe lived in an area centred on Dorset, south Wiltshire, south Somerset and Devon east of the River Axe. Their territory was bordered to the west by the Dumnonii; and to the north east by the Belgae. The area controlled by the Durotriges is identified in part by coin finds, few Durotrigan coins are found in the south eastern tribal areas, so it would appear unlikely that they were acceptable there. A recent coin hoard found on the Isle of Wight, however, would seem to indicate that the Durotriges might have had some influence at least over the western half of the island.
The Durotriges' main outlet for trade across the Channel, strong in the first half of the 1st century BC before drying up in the decades prior to the arrival of the Romans, was at Hengistbury Head. The numismatic evidence indicates a progressive debasing of the coinage suggesting economic difficulties in conjunction with their declining trade.
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 *Alex
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1st Century BC - 1st Century CE, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Catuvellauni, AE Unit, Struck c.25BC – 10CE at Verlamion (St. Albans) under TasciovanusObverse: Bearded head facing right; VER anti-clockwise in front.
Reverse: Horse with sea horse tail facing left; pellet in ring, and trefoil motif above; VER below.
Diameter: 15.2mm | Weight: 1.97gms | Axis: 3h
SPINK: 243 | BMC 1714-21 | ABC 2658
RARE
CATUVELLAUNI
The Catuvellauni were an Iron Age Celtic tribe in Britain before the Roman conquest, attested by inscriptions into the 4th century. They are mentioned by Cassius Dio, who implies that they led the resistance against the conquest in 43CE. They appear as one of the “Civitates” of Roman Britain in Ptolemy's “Geography” in the 2nd century, occupying the town of Verlamion (Roman Verulamium, modern St.Albans) and the surrounding areas of Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire and southern Cambridgeshire. Their territory was bordered to the north by the Iceni and Corieltauvi, to the east by the Trinovantes, to the west by the Dobunni and to the south by the Atrebates, Regni and Cantii.
TASCIOVANUS
Tasciovanus appears to have become king of the Catuvellauni around 20 BC, before the Roman conquest of Britain. Ruling from Verlamion (St.Albans), for a brief period around 15–10 BC, he issued coins from Camulodunum (Colchester), apparently supplanting Addedomarus of the Trinovantes, but it appears that following the arrival of Augustus in Gaul he withdrew and again issued his coins from Verlamion.
Tasciovanus was the first Catuvellaunian king to issue inscribed coins, bearing “VER”, mint marks for Verlamion. He was also the first to renew hostilities towards the Trinovantes, flouting the long-standing agreement between Caesar and his own grandfather Cassivellaunus.
Tasciovanus died around AD 9 and was succeeded by his son Cunobelinus, who ruled primarily from Camulodunum.
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*Alex
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1st Century BC - 1st Century CE, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Dobunni, AR Unit, uninscribed seriesObverse: Degraded Celtic “Moon Head” facing right, pellets/symbols in front.
Reverse: Celticised triple tailed horse galloping left; cross above, pellets around.
Diameter: 13.0mm | Weight: 0.67gms | Axis: 3h
SPINK: 377 | ABC 2024
RARE
THE DOBUNNI
The Dobunni were one of the few Iron Age tribes which issued coins before the arrival of the Romans. Their territory covered an area that today broadly coincides with the English counties of Bristol, Gloucestershire and the north of Somerset, although at times their territory may have extended into parts of what are now Herefordshire, Oxfordshire, Wiltshire, Worcestershire, and Warwickshire.
Remnants of several hillforts thought to have been occupied by the Dobunni can be seen in the Bristol area at Maes Knoll, Clifton Down, Burwalls and Stokeleigh, all overlooking the Avon Gorge, as well as at Kingsweston Down and Blaise Castle.
Unlike their neighbours, such as the Silures in what later became south-east Wales, the Dobunni were not a warlike people, being primarily a large group of farmers and craftspeople living in small villages. They submitted to the Romans even before they reached their territory, and after the Roman conquest they readily adopted a Romano-British lifestyle. The Romans gave the Dobunni capital the name of Corinium Dobunnorum, which is known as Cirencester today.
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 *Alex
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1st Century BC - 1st Century CE, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Trinovantes, AE Unit, Struck c.10 BC – 10 CE in Camulodunum(?) in Essex under DubnovellaunusObverse: Head facing right, hair(?) lines on head divided by clear centre parting.
Reverse: Horse prancing left; complex pellets and circles above and below.
Diameter: 13.5mm | Weight: 1.61gms | Axis: 3h
SPINK: -- | BMC -- | ABC 2413
VERY RARE
Very rare uninscribed bronze unit of Dubnovellaunus found in Essex. The type is designated as a “Dubnovellaunus Centre Parting” bronze unit in ABC (Ancient British Coins), and to date (January, 2023) it is unlisted in any other major reference works.
DUBNOVELLAUNUS
It is generally thought that Dubnovellaunus succeeded his father Addedomarus as king of the Trinovantes somewhere around 10-5 BC and ruled for several years before being supplanted by Cunobelinus of the Catuvellauni.
In the Res Gestae Divi Augusti, a British king called Dumnovellaunus appears, alongside Tincomarus of the Atrebates, as a supplicant to Augustus in around AD 7 and, given the chronology, it is indeed possible that Dubnovellaunus of the Trinovantes is the same person as the Dumnovellaunus who presented himself to Augustus. The spelling variation is due to a Celtic, rather than a Latin, interpretation of the ruler's name.
It is worth mentioning that the authors of ABC (Ancient British Coins) also think that Dubnovellaunus of the Trinovantes could possibly be the same individual as the Dumnovellaunus who ruled in Kent in the 30s - 20s BC, they suggest that he could have been a Cantian king who later gained control over the southern part of the Trinovantes and that therefore he might have ruled both territories north and south of the Thames estuary for a few years. It should be noted however, that Van Arsdell, an authority on the Celtic Coinage of Britain, emphatically disputes this.
TRINOVANTES
The Trinovantes were one of the Iron Age Celtic tribes of Pre-Roman Britain. Their territory was on the north side of the Thames estuary in the present day counties of Essex, Hertfordshire and Suffolk, and also included lands now located in Greater London. They were bordered to the north by the Iceni, and to the west by the Catuvellauni. Their capital was Camulodunum (modern Colchester).
Shortly before Julius Caesar's invasion of Britain in 55 and 54 BC, the Trinovantes were considered the most powerful tribe in Britain. At this time their capital was probably at Braughing (in modern-day Hertfordshire). In some copies of Caesar's Gallic War their king is referred to as Imanuentius, although no name is given in other copies which have come down to us. That said however, it seems that this king was overthrown by Cassivellaunus, king of the Catuvellauni, some time before Caesar's second expedition and that Imanuentius' son, Mandubracius, fled to the protection of Caesar in Gaul. During his second expedition Caesar defeated Cassivellaunus and restored Mandubracius to the kingship. Cassivellaunus agreed to pay tribute and also undertook not to attack him again.
The next identifiable king of the Trinovantes, known from numismatic evidence, was Addedomarus, who took power around 20 – 15 BCE, and moved the tribe's capital to Camulodunum. For a brief period, around 10 BCE, Tasciovanus of the Catuvellauni issued coins from Camulodunum, suggesting that he must have conquered the Trinovantes, but he was soon forced to withdraw, perhaps as a result of pressure from the Romans. Addedomarus was restored and Tasciovanus' later coins no longer bear the mark “REX”. Addedomarus was briefly succeeded by his son Dubnovellaunus, around 10 to 5 BCE, but a few years later the tribe was conquered by either Tasciovanus or his son Cunobelinus.
The Trinovantes do not appear in history again until their participation in Boudica's revolt against the Romans in 60 CE. After that though they seem to have embraced the Romanisation of Britain and their name was later given to one of the “civitates” of Roman Britain, whose chief town was Caesaromagus (modern Chelmsford in Essex).
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*Alex
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1st Century CE, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribes: Catuvellauni and Trinovantes, AE Unit, Struck c.10 - 40 at Verlamion under CunobelinusObverse: CVNO - BELIN. Bare head facing left.
Reverse: TASCIO. Metal worker, wielding hammer, seated facing right.
Diameter: 15mm | Weight: 2.24gms | Axis: 3h
Spink: 342 | ABC: 2969 | Van Arsdell 2097
CUNOBELINUS
Cunobelinus was a king in Iron Age Britain from about 9 CE until about 40 CE. He is mentioned by the Roman historians Suetonius and Dio Cassius, and many coins bearing his inscription have been found. Cunobelinus controlled a substantial portion of south-eastern Britain, including the territories of the Catuvellauni and the Trinovantes, and is called “Britannorum rex" (King of the Britons) by Suetonius. He appears to have been recognized by the Roman emperor Augustus as a client king, shown by the use of the Latin title Rex on some of his coins.
Numismatic evidence appears to indicate that Cunobelinus took power around AD 9 after the death of his father Tasciovanus, minting coins from both Camulodunum, capital of the Trinovantes and Verlamion (Roman Verulamium), capital of the Catuvellauni. Some of the Verulamium coins name him as the son of Tasciovanus, a previous king of the Catuvellauni. Cunobelinus' earliest issues are, however, from Camulodunum, indicating that he took power there first, and some have a palm or laurel wreath design, a motif borrowed from the Romans indicating a military victory. It is possible that he was emboldened to act against the Trinovantes, whose independence was protected by a treaty they made with Julius Caesar in 54 BC, because problems in Germania severely affected Augustus' ability to defend allies in Britain.
Cunobelinus, however, appears to have maintained quite good relations with the Roman Empire, he used classical motifs on his coins and his reign also saw an increase in trade with the continent. Archaeological evidence shows an increase in imported luxury goods, including wine and drinking vessels from Italy, olive oil and “garum” (fish sauce) from Spain, as well as glassware, jewellery, and tableware from the wider continent, all of which, from their distribution, appear to have entered Britain via the port of Camulodunum. Rome's lucrative trade with Britain was also reported by Strabo, according to him the island's exports included grain, gold, silver, iron, hides, slaves and hunting dogs. It seems likely that Cunobelinus was one of the British kings, mentioned by Strabo, who sent embassies to Augustus.
Cunobelinus died about 40, probably within a year of that date, as he was certainly dead by 43.
Traditionally it has been suggested that the “Lexden Tumulus” on the outskirts of Colchester was Cunobelinus' tomb, but without evidence confirming that, it is also possible that the tomb was built for the earlier Trinovantian king, Addedomarus. Interestingly there is a second tumulus, though this one is not so well known, 665m to the northwest of the Lexden burial mound, on a grassy area in the middle of a modern housing estate. This tumulus, known as ‘The Mount’, probably dates from around the same time as the well-known one at Fitzwalter Road, Lexden.
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 *Alex
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1st Century CE, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Atrebates, AR Unit, Struck c.25 -35 under EpaticcusObverse: EPATI. Head of Hercules, wearing lionskin headdress with paws tied before neck, facing right; pellet in ring behind.
Reverse: No legend. Eagle standing facing, head left, on serpent; dot in circle at upper right.
Diameter: 12mm | Weight: 1.1gms | Axis: 10 |
Spink: 356
Coin found in Hampshire, England. Old repair
EPATICCUS
Epaticcus was a son of Tasciovanus, and probably the younger brother of Cunobelin, he was also apparently a favoured uncle of Caratacus. It is from his coinage issues that we know his name and his family relationship.
The distribution of his coinage would indicate that Epaticcus expanded the territory of his tribe at the expense of the Atrebatean king Verica, and installed himself at the latter's capital, Calleva around 25 CE.
It is likely that Epaticcus was permitted to govern the area by his brother as part of the Catuvellaunian hegemony that was expanding across south eastern Britain at the time. Epaticcus continued to take Verica’s lands to west and south until his death, probably on campaign, around 35 CE. After this his expansionist policies were continued by his nephews, Caratacus and Togodumnus, into the late 30’s CE.
ATREBATES
The Atrebates were a Belgic Iron Age tribe originally dwelling in the Artois region of Northern France.
After the tribes of Gallia Belgic were defeated by Caesar in 57 BC, 4,000 Atrebates participated in the Battle of Alesia in 53, led by their chief Commius.
Before 54 BC, an offshoot of the Gallic tribe probably settled in Britain where it was successively ruled by kings Commius, Tincommius, Eppillus and Verica. Their territory comprised modern Hampshire, West Sussex and Berkshire, centred on the capital Calleva Atrebatum (modern Silchester). They were bordered to the north by the Dobunni and Catuvellauni; to the east by the Regni; and to the south by the Belgae.
The settlement of the Atrebates in Britain does not seem to have been a mass population movement and it is possible that the name "Atrebates", as with many "tribal" names in this period, referred only to the ruling house or dynasty and not to an ethnic group.
After the Roman conquest the Atrebates' lands were organized into the civitates of the Atrebates, Regni and possibly, the Belgae.
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*Alex
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1st Century CE, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Iceni, AR Unit, Struck c.60 - 61 under Boudica (Boadicea)Obverse: No legend. Abstract Celtic style head with slit for eye and no ear facing right. Three pellets below head, branch emblem behind neck.
Reverse: No legend. Celtic style horse facing right, lozenge-shaped box with pellets on outer corners below horse. Section of large elaborate wheel-like object above horse, pellet below horse's tail.
Class: Icenian O
Diameter: 14mm | Weight: 0.9gms | Axis: 10
Spink: 434
The first known recorded example of this coin was made by William Stukely, an English antiquarian whose ideas influenced various antiquaries throughout the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Stukeley published over twenty books on archaeology and other subjects during his lifetime and he is regarded as an important forerunner of archaeology for his emphasis on methodically measuring and documenting ancient sites. He died of a stroke in early 1765.
The theory that this coinage was connected with Boudica was originally reported in 1987 and this was endorsed by R D Van Arsdell, an authority on the Celtic coinage of Britain, as Boudican in the 1990's. At the time though this was disputed by many in the numismatic community, some of whom continued to rely on older studies that lumped all "Face-Horse" coins together in a group dating before 20 CE.
However, John Talbot of the University of Oxford carried out research on these issues and, as his die-link and hoard work gradually progressed through the 1990's into the early twenty-first century, these coins were confirmed to be the final coinage of the Iceni. As Talbot's findings were only gradually revealed over a period of time, the accepted dating used in some dealer catalogues did not always keep up with the latest information. During his studies, Talbot discovered that coins from several die sets are only found in the Boudican Rebellion hoards. He also confirmed that these coins were struck in abnormally great numbers for any Icenian issue. But, because he was not certain that this was enough evidence to date the coins to 61 CE. he suggested only that they could have been struck any time after the Claudian Invasion of 43 CE.
Considering though that some die sets are known only from the Boudican Rebellion hoards, that it is still the case that these coins appear in uncirculated condition in the hoards, and that to date none of these coins have been found from secure contexts earlier than the time of the Boudican rebellion, it would appear that the 1987 report was essentially correct and these coins must have been struck nearer to the date of the Boudican Rebellion than earlier, possibly in connection with the financing of that rebellion. The conclusion now is that these coins can, with some confidence, be attributed to Boudica.
THE ICENI
The Iceni were a tribe located in eastern Britain during the Iron Age and the early Roman era. Their territory was bordered by the Corieltauvi to the west, and the Catuvellauni and Trinovantes to the south. In the Roman period, their capital was Venta Icenorum at modern-day Caistor St Edmund.
Julius Caesar did not mention the Iceni in his account of his invasions of Britain in 55 and 54 BC, though they may have been related to the Cenimagni, whom Caesar notes as living north of the River Thames at that time. The Iceni were a significant power in eastern Britain during Claudius I's conquest of Britain in AD 43, in which they allied with Rome. Increasing Roman influence on their affairs led to a revolt in AD 47, though they remained nominally independent under king Prasutagus up until his death around AD 60. Roman encroachment after Prasutagus' death led his wife Boudica to launch a major revolt from 60–61. Boudica's uprising seriously endangered Roman rule in Britain and resulted in the burning of Londinium and other cities. The Romans finally crushed the rebellion, and the Iceni were eventually incorporated into the Roman province.
Archaeological evidence of the Iceni includes torcs, which are heavy rings of gold, silver or electrum worn around the neck and shoulders. The Iceni began producing coins around 10 BC. Their coins were a distinctive adaptation of the Gallo-Belgic "face/horse" design, and in some early issues, most numerous near Norwich, the horse was replaced with a boar. Some coins are inscribed ECENI, making them the only coin-producing group to use their tribal name on coins. The earliest personal name to appear on coins is Antedios (about 10 BC), and other abbreviated names like AESU and SAEMU followed. The name of Prasutagus also appears on some coins as PRASTO.
QUEEN BOUDICA
Queen Boudica was married to Prasutagus, ruler of the Iceni people of East Anglia. When the Romans conquered southern England in AD 43, they allowed Prasutagus to continue to rule. However, when Prasutagus died he left a will dividing his lands between the Roman emperor and his family. The Romans decided to rule the Iceni directly and confiscated all the king's property. When this was contested they are said to have stripped and flogged Boudica and raped her daughters. These actions exacerbated the widespread resentment at Roman rule.
In 60 or 61 AD, while the Roman governor Gaius Suetonius Paullinus was leading a campaign in North Wales, the Iceni rebelled, other tribes joined them, and Boudica led a major uprising against the occupying Roman forces.
Boudica's warriors defeated the Roman Ninth Legion and destroyed the then capital of Roman Britain, Camulodunum (Colchester). They then went on to destroy Londinium (London) and Verulamium (St Albans) killing thousands in the process. Finally, Boudica was defeated by a Roman army led by Paulinus. A great number of her army were killed and, though Boudica's fate is unknown, she is alleged to have either died in battle or poisoned herself to avoid capture. The site of the battle which brought an end to her uprising is also unknown.
The photograph below is of the Victorian statue of Boudica (Boadicea) situated on the Thames embankment in London.
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  *Alex
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6 Nero AE AsNERO
AE As
NERO CAESAR AVG GERM IMP, laureate head right / PACE P R VBIQ PARTA IANVM CLVSIT S-C, the Temple of Janus, latticed window to l., garland hung across closed double doors on the right.
RIC 306, Sear5 #1974
On the rare occasions when Rome was not at war with a foreign enemy the doors of the 'Twin Janus' temple were ceremonially closed, an event which Nero commemorated extensively on the coinage of 65-67 A.D. -- David R. Sear, Roman Coins and Their Values, Vol 1
RI0042Sosius
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138 - 161, ANTONINUS PIUS, AE As, Struck 154 - 155Obverse: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P XVIII, laureate and draped bust of Antoninus Pius facing right.
Reverse: BRITANNIA COS IIII, Britannia seated facing left on rock, shield and vexillum in background; S C in exergue.
Diameter: 26mm | Weight: 9.4gms | Die Axis: 7h
RIC III: 934 | SRCV: 4296 | Cohen: 117
SCARCE
The bronze coins of Antoninus Pius bearing the "Britannia" reverse type have been found in considerable quantities in Britain, but are not generally recorded from Roman sites in France and Germany. The many "Britannia" issues of Antoninus Pius found in Coventina's Well, Carrawburgh, seem to have come from only a few dies, suggesting that the place of mintage for them was not far distant, though it is possible that the issue was both issued at Rome and produced locally in Britannia.
The reverse type of Britannia seated on a rock, eventually adorned Great Britain's coinage many centuries later when the design was reintroduced by Charles II in 1672.
COVENTINA'S WELL
Dedications to Coventina and votive deposits were found in a walled area, now called "Coventina's Well", which had been built to contain the outflow from a spring near the site of a Roman fort and settlement, on Hadrian's Wall. Now called Carrawburgh, the site is named as Procolita in the 5th century "Notitia Dignitatum". The remains of a Roman Mithraeum and Nymphaeum were also found near the site.
*Alex
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138 - 161, ANTONINUS PIUS, AE As, Struck 154 - 155 alluding to BritanniaObverse: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P XVIII. Laureate and draped bust of Antoninus Pius facing right.
Reverse: BRITANNIA COS IIII. Britannia seated facing left on rock, shield and vexillum in background; S C in exergue.
Diameter: 26mm | Weight: 12.7gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC III: 934 | SRCV: 4296 | Cohen: 117 | BMC: 1971 | SPINK: 666
SCARCE
The bronze coins of Antoninus Pius bearing the "Britannia" reverse type have been found in considerable quantities in Britain, but are not generally recorded from Roman sites in France and Germany. The many "Britannia" issues of Antoninus Pius found in Coventina's Well, Carrawburgh, seem to have come from only a few dies, suggesting that the place of mintage for them was not far distant, though it is possible that the issue was both issued at Rome and produced locally in Britannia.
The reverse type of Britannia seated on a rock, eventually adorned Great Britain's coinage many centuries later when the design was reintroduced by Charles II in 1672.
COVENTINA'S WELL
Dedications to Coventina and votive deposits were found in a walled area, now called "Coventina's Well", which had been built to contain the outflow from a spring near the site of a Roman fort and settlement, on Hadrian's Wall. Now called Carrawburgh, the site is named as Procolita in the 5th century "Notitia Dignitatum". The remains of a Roman Mithraeum and Nymphaeum were also found near the site.
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*Alex
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177 - 192, COMMODUS, AE Sestertius, Struck 185 at Rome, alluding to BritanniaObverse: M COMMODVS ANTON AVG PIVS BRIT, laureate head of Commodus facing right.
Reverse: P M TR P X IMP VII COS IIII P P. Draped figure of Victory, seated on pile of shields, facing right, holding a long stylus in her right hand and supporting a shield on her left knee with her left hand; S – C in field; VICT BRIT in exergue.
Diameter: 29.5mm | Weight: 20.12gms | Die Axis: 12h
RIC III: 452 | SRCV: 5826 | Cohen: 946 | BMCRE: 560 | SPINK: 648
SCARCE
This sestertius has a historically important reverse type which refers to Commodus' significant military campaign in Northern Britain.
COMMODUS
Between 180 AD and 184 AD, the Romans were once again at war with the northern tribes in Britain. According to Cassius Dio, “the tribes in that island, crossing the wall that separated them from the Roman legions, proceeded to do much mischief and cut down a general together with his troops”. Though Dio does not make it clear to us today which wall he was writing about, his Roman audience would have known. However, that said, since Southern Scotland was still occupied by the Romans at this time and the Maetae, one of the main tribes involved in the incursion, occupied a hill fort (called Myot Hill today) a few miles north of Antonine's Wall, the wall that seems to best fit his description of separating the tribes from the Roman legions would be the Antonine Wall rather than that of Hadrian. This was the most serious war of Commodus’ reign and when the war was won, Commodus minted coins to celebrate the victory. He also took on the title “Britannicus”, and all his coins after this date feature “Brit” in the legend.
CLICK ON THE IMAGE OF COMMODUS BELOW TO ENLARGE IT
 *Alex
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195 - 211, SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, AR Denarius, Struck 210 at Rome, alluding to BritanniaObverse: SEVERVS PIVS AVG BRIT. Laureate head of Septimius Severus facing right.
Reverse: VICTORIAE BRIT. Victory standing right, holding palm branch in her right hand and placing uninscribed shield on palm tree with her left.
Diameter: 20mm | Weight: 2.83gms | Die Axis: 7h
RIC IV: 336 | RSC: 730 | SRCV: 6384 | SPINK: 651A
SCARCE
This coin commemorates the success of the Roman campaigns in Scotland during 209 and 210 culminating in the death of Severus at York, England, in February 211.
SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS
Lucius Septimius Severus was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna in the Roman province of Africa.
Severus seized power after the death of the emperor Pertinax in 193 (the Year of the Five Emperors).
After consolidating his rule over the western provinces, Severus waged a brief, successful war in the east against the Parthian Empire, sacked their capital Ctesiphon, expanded the eastern frontier to the Tigris and enlarged and fortified the Limes Arabicus in Arabia Petraea. In 202, he campaigned in Africa and Mauretania against the Garamantes, captured their capital Garama and expanded the Limes Tripolitanus along the southern desert frontier of the empire. In 198 he raised his elder son Caracalla to Augustus and in 209 did the same to his younger son, Geta.
In AD 209 Severus invaded Caledonia (modern Scotland) with an army of 50,000 men, but he fell fatally ill of an infectious disease in late 210 and died at Eboracum (York, England) early in 211.
SEVERUS' CAMPAIGNS IN BRITAIN
In 208 Septimius Severus travelled to Britain with the intention of conquering Caledonia (Scotland). Modern archaeological discoveries have helped to throw some light on the scope and direction of this northern campaign.
Severus began by occupying the territory up to the Antonine Wall, this is evidenced by extensive Severan era fortifications and the likely reoccupation of some of the forts on that wall. Over the previous years Hadrian's Wall had fallen into disrepair and Severus strengthened and repaired much of it, he did this to such an extent that many early Antiquarians thought that he was the emperor who had actually built it. Severus constructed a 165-acre (67 ha) camp south of the Antonine Wall at Trimontium, probably assembling the main body of his forces there. Severus then thrust north across the Antonine Wall into Caledonian territory, supported and supplied by a strong naval force. He retraced the steps of Agricola of over a century before, rebuilding many abandoned Roman forts along the east coast, and he re-garrisoned the naval base at Carpow, likely built by Commodus in 185, and possibly the place named as "Horrea Classis" or "Poreo Classis" in the Ravenna Cosmography.
By 210 Severus' campaigning had made significant gains, despite Caledonian guerrilla tactics and purportedly heavy Roman casualties.
According to Cassius Dio: “Severus did not desist until he approached the extremity of the island. Here he observed most accurately the variation of the sun's motion and the length of the days and the nights in summer and winter respectively. Having thus been conveyed through practically the whole of the hostile country (for he actually was conveyed in a covered litter most of the way, on account of his infirmity), he returned to the friendly portion, after he had forced the Britons to come to terms, on the condition that they should abandon a large part of their territory.”
The Caledonians had sued for peace, which Severus had granted on the condition that they relinquished control of the Central Lowlands of Scotland, but later that year (210), they, along with the Maeatae, revolted. Severus prepared for another campaign, now intent on exterminating the Caledonians. However the campaign was cut short when Severus fell ill and withdrew south to Eboracum (York) where he died on 4 February 211. Severus was succeeded by his sons, Caracalla and Geta. Caracalla continued campaigning in Caledonia during 212 but soon settled for peace, and shortly after that the frontier was withdrawn south to Hadrian's Wall.
On his death, Severus was deified by the Senate and his remains were buried in the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome.
CLICK ON IMAGES BELOW TO ENLARGE THEM
 
*Alex
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195 - 211, SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, AR Denarius, Struck 210 at Rome, alluding to BritanniaObverse: SEVERVS PIVS AVG BRIT. Laureate head of Septimius Severus facing right.
Reverse: VICTORIAE BRIT. Victory seated on shield facing left, holding another shield resting on her knee in her right hand and palm branch in her left.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 2.35gms | Die Axis: 12h
RIC IV: 335 | RSC: 731 | SRCV: 6385 | SPINK: 651C
SCARCE
This coin commemorates the success of the Roman campaigns in Scotland during 209 and 210 culminating in the death of Severus at York, England, in February 211.
SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS
Lucius Septimius Severus was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna in the Roman province of Africa.
Severus seized power after the death of the emperor Pertinax in 193 (the Year of the Five Emperors).
After consolidating his rule over the western provinces, Severus waged a brief, successful war in the east against the Parthian Empire, sacked their capital Ctesiphon, expanded the eastern frontier to the Tigris and enlarged and fortified the Limes Arabicus in Arabia Petraea. In 202, he campaigned in Africa and Mauretania against the Garamantes, captured their capital Garama and expanded the Limes Tripolitanus along the southern desert frontier of the empire. In 198 he raised his elder son Caracalla to Augustus and in 209 did the same to his younger son, Geta.
In AD 209 Severus invaded Caledonia (modern Scotland) with an army of 50,000 men, but he fell fatally ill of an infectious disease in late 210 and died at Eboracum (York, England) early in 211.
SEVERUS' CAMPAIGNS IN BRITAIN
In 208 Septimius Severus travelled to Britain with the intention of conquering Caledonia (Scotland). Modern archaeological discoveries have helped to throw some light on the scope and direction of this northern campaign.
Severus began by occupying the territory up to the Antonine Wall, this is evidenced by extensive Severan era fortifications and the likely reoccupation of some of the forts on that wall. Over the previous years Hadrian's Wall had fallen into disrepair and Severus strengthened and repaired much of it, he did this to such an extent that many early Antiquarians thought that he was the emperor who had actually built it. Severus constructed a 165-acre (67 ha) camp south of the Antonine Wall at Trimontium, probably assembling the main body of his forces there. Severus then thrust north across the Antonine Wall into Caledonian territory, supported and supplied by a strong naval force. He retraced the steps of Agricola of over a century before, rebuilding many abandoned Roman forts along the east coast, and he re-garrisoned the naval base at Carpow, likely built by Commodus in 185, and possibly the place named as "Horrea Classis" or "Poreo Classis" in the Ravenna Cosmography.
By 210 Severus' campaigning had made significant gains, despite Caledonian guerrilla tactics and purportedly heavy Roman casualties.
According to Cassius Dio: “Severus did not desist until he approached the extremity of the island. Here he observed most accurately the variation of the sun's motion and the length of the days and the nights in summer and winter respectively. Having thus been conveyed through practically the whole of the hostile country (for he actually was conveyed in a covered litter most of the way, on account of his infirmity), he returned to the friendly portion, after he had forced the Britons to come to terms, on the condition that they should abandon a large part of their territory.”
The Caledonians had sued for peace, which Severus had granted on the condition that they relinquished control of the Central Lowlands of Scotland, but later that year (210), they, along with the Maeatae, revolted. Severus prepared for another campaign, now intent on exterminating the Caledonians. However the campaign was cut short when Severus fell ill and withdrew south to Eboracum (York) where he died on 4 February 211. Severus was succeeded by his sons, Caracalla and Geta. Caracalla continued campaigning in Caledonia during 212 but soon settled for peace, and shortly after that the frontier was withdrawn south to Hadrian's Wall.
On his death, Severus was deified by the Senate and his remains were buried in the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome.
CLICK ON IMAGES BELOW TO ENLARGE THEM
*Alex
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195 - 211, SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, AR Denarius, Struck 210 at Rome, alluding to BritanniaObverse: SEVERVS PIVS AVG BRIT. Laureate head of Septimius Severus facing right.
Reverse: VICTORIAE BRIT. Victory advancing right, holding wreath in her outstretched right hand and palm branch in her left.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 3.5gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC IV: 332 | RSC: 727 | SRCV: 6382 | SPINK: 650
SCARCE
This coin commemorates the success of the Roman campaigns in Scotland during 209 and 210 culminating in the death of Severus at York, England, in February 211.
SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS
Lucius Septimius Severus was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna in the Roman province of Africa.
Severus seized power after the death of the emperor Pertinax in 193 (the Year of the Five Emperors).
After consolidating his rule over the western provinces, Severus waged a brief, successful war in the east against the Parthian Empire, sacked their capital Ctesiphon, expanded the eastern frontier to the Tigris and enlarged and fortified the Limes Arabicus in Arabia Petraea. In 202, he campaigned in Africa and Mauretania against the Garamantes, captured their capital Garama and expanded the Limes Tripolitanus along the southern desert frontier of the empire. In 198 he raised his elder son Caracalla to Augustus and in 209 did the same to his younger son, Geta.
In AD 209 Severus invaded Caledonia (modern Scotland) with an army of 50,000 men, but he fell fatally ill of an infectious disease in late 210 and died at Eboracum (York, England) early in 211.
SEVERUS' CAMPAIGNS IN BRITAIN
In 208 Septimius Severus travelled to Britain with the intention of conquering Caledonia (Scotland). Modern archaeological discoveries have helped to throw some light on the scope and direction of this northern campaign.
Severus began by occupying the territory up to the Antonine Wall, this is evidenced by extensive Severan era fortifications and the likely reoccupation of some of the forts on that wall. Over the previous years Hadrian's Wall had fallen into disrepair and Severus strengthened and repaired much of it, he did this to such an extent that many early Antiquarians thought that he was the emperor who had actually built it. Severus constructed a 165-acre (67 ha) camp south of the Antonine Wall at Trimontium, probably assembling the main body of his forces there. Severus then thrust north across the Antonine Wall into Caledonian territory, supported and supplied by a strong naval force. He retraced the steps of Agricola of over a century before, rebuilding many abandoned Roman forts along the east coast, and he re-garrisoned the naval base at Carpow, likely built by Commodus in 185, and possibly the place named as "Horrea Classis" or "Poreo Classis" in the Ravenna Cosmography.
By 210 Severus' campaigning had made significant gains, despite Caledonian guerrilla tactics and purportedly heavy Roman casualties.
According to Cassius Dio: “Severus did not desist until he approached the extremity of the island. Here he observed most accurately the variation of the sun's motion and the length of the days and the nights in summer and winter respectively. Having thus been conveyed through practically the whole of the hostile country (for he actually was conveyed in a covered litter most of the way, on account of his infirmity), he returned to the friendly portion, after he had forced the Britons to come to terms, on the condition that they should abandon a large part of their territory.”
The Caledonians had sued for peace, which Severus had granted on the condition that they relinquished control of the Central Lowlands of Scotland, but later that year (210), they, along with the Maeatae, revolted. Severus prepared for another campaign, now intent on exterminating the Caledonians. However the campaign was cut short when Severus fell ill and withdrew south to Eboracum (York) where he died on 4 February 211. Severus was succeeded by his sons, Caracalla and Geta. Caracalla continued campaigning in Caledonia during 212 but soon settled for peace, and shortly after that the frontier was withdrawn south to Hadrian's Wall.
On his death, Severus was deified by the Senate and his remains were buried in the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome.
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*Alex
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198 - 217, CARACALLA, AE As, Struck 211 at Rome, alluding to BritanniaObverse: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG BRIT, laureate head of Caracalla facing right, drapery on left shoulder.
Reverse: VICTORIAE BRITTANNICAE. Draped figure of Victory standing facing right, left foot on helmet, inscribing shield hung on a palm; S – C across field.
Diameter: 26mm | Weight: 10.9gms | Die Axis: 12h
RIC IV: 522b | Cohen: 636 | Cf.SRCV: 7015 | SPINK: 661
Rough surfaces
SCARCE
This coin commemorates the victories achieved by the Romans in Scotland during the campaigns led jointly by Septimius Severus and his eldest son Caracalla in 209, and by Caracalla alone the following year during his father's illness.
CLICK ON IMAGE BELOW TO ENLARGE IT
 *Alex
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198 - 217, CARACALLA, AR Denarius, Struck 210 – 213 at Rome, alluding to BritanniaObverse: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG BRIT, Laureate head of Caracalla facing right.
Reverse: VICTORIAE BRIT. Victory advancing right, carrying trophy in both hands.
Diameter: 18.85mm | Weight: 2.76gms | Die Axis: 12h
RIC IV: 231A | RSC: 629 | SRCV: 6900 | SPINK: 658A
SCARCE
This coin commemorates the victories achieved by the Romans in Scotland during the campaigns led jointly by Septimius Severus and his eldest son Caracalla in 209, and by Caracalla alone the following year during his father's illness.
CLICK ON IMAGE BELOW TO ENLARGE IT
*Alex
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209 - 212, GETA, AR Denarius, Struck 210 at Rome, alluding to BritanniaObverse: P SEPT GETA PIVS AVG BRIT. Laureate head of Geta facing right.
Reverse: VICTORIAE BRIT. Victory, half naked, standing facing left, holding wreath in her right hand and palm in her left.
Diameter: 20mm | Weight: 2.79gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC IV: 92 | RSC: 219 | SRCV: 7254 | BMC: 68 | Spink: 662
SCARCE
This coin commemorates the Roman victories achieved in Scotland in 209 and 210 by Septimius Severus and Caracalla, Geta's father and brother, while Geta and his mother, Julia Domna, remained behind in London.
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 *Alex
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317 - 337, CONSTANTINE II as Caesar, AE3 struck 321 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: CONSTANTINVS IVN N C. Radiate and cuirassed bust of Constantine II facing left.
Reverse: BEATA TRANQVILLITAS. Altar, inscribed VOT IS XX in three lines, surmounted by cosmic globe with three stars above; across field, P - A; in exergue, PLON.
Diameter: 20mm | Weight: 2.9gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC VII : 219
Rare
Ex Killingholme Hoard (1993)
Claudius Constantinus was the eldest son of Constantine and Fausta, he was given the rank of Caesar in A.D.316, at the same time as Crispus and Licinius II.
This coin was struck in connection with the fifteenth anniversary of Constantine II's father, Constantine the great.
THE KILLINGHOLME HOARD
The Killingholme Hoard was discovered in a field between Killingholme and Habrough on the south bank of the Humber Estuary by a pair of metal detectorists in the Autumn of 1993.
The initial coins of the hoard were surface finds, many of which were found before the hoard itself was discovered. In total, there were 1504 coins found in the topsoil, and another 2753 found buried in a single clay pot.
The top of the pot had been cut off by ploughing, which had caused a large number of coins to be scattered around the field. Nevertheless, the remains of the pot were found when the coins packed in it were detected. The pot had a diameter of about 20cm and within it were thousands of coins.
One of the finders reported that the coins appeared to have been carefully arranged inside the pot, and seemed to produce a spiralling pattern. Unfortunately, the coins were emptied into a bath for cleaning so any chance of researching this arrangement was lost forever.
The coins that constituted the hoard were bronze reduced folles, most of which were struck between the 320s and the early 330s, during the time of the emperor Constantine. Though the coins came from several mints in the Western part of the Roman Empire, most of them were from the London mint. It is thought that the hoard was probably deposited around 333/334 AD.
Because, in 1993, base metal coins were not counted as treasure, the coins were returned to the finders who sent the bulk of the coins to be auctioned off by Spink of London. Fortunately, prior to being sold, the coins were recorded by the British Museum which acquired for itself 86 coins from the hoard.
After the recordings were completed, though the finders kept a few coins for themselves, the remainder of the coins were sold off in batches. It has been rumoured that many of these coins went to the Italian luxury goods producer Bulgari, who used them to make jewellery.
Such a process would not be permitted in England today as, following the enactment of the Treasure Act in 1996, the Killingholme Hoard would now fulfil the criteria for "treasure" as outlined by the Act.
CONTEMPORARY PHOTO OF THE KILLINGHOLM HOARD, CLICK ON THUMBNAIL TO ENLARGE IT
 *Alex
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456Carausius 287-93AD
Antoninianus
Obv "IMP C CARAVSIVS PF AVG"
Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev "LAETITIA AVG"
Laetitia standing left holding anchor and wreath
Uncertain mint
S/C//
RIC 456mauseus
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Bohemond III, Majority, (1163-1201 CE) Billion denierObverse: +BOAMVNDVS Helmeted head l., mail compsoed of crescents, star r., crescent l.
Reverse: +AMTIOCNIA cross pattee with crescent pointing downwards in second angle.
Mint: Antioch
Date: 1163-1201 CE
.98 gm 17mm
Malloy 214.65
wileyc
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Latin trachy type C small module Sear 2046small module as SB 2023
Obverse:MP_OV barred in upper fields. Virgin nimbate, wearing tunic and maphorion, seated upon throne with back;holds beardless nimbate head of Christ on breast.
Reverse. Emperor seated on throne without back, collar-peice and paneled loros of simplified type; holds in r. hand labarum-headed scepter, and in l., anexikakia. Manus Dei in upper rt. field.
Mint:?Constantinople
Date 1204-
SB 2046, DOC LIII,32
15mm
wileyc
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Maximinus II, as Caesar, 305-309. AE Follis. 27mm // 7,36g. Heraclea, 305-306.Obv.GAL VAL MAXIMINVS NOB CAES Laureate head of Maximinus II to right.
Rev. GENIO CAESARIS/ HTD Genius, nude but for chlamys over his left shoulder, standing front, head to left, holding patera, from which liquor flows, in his right hand and a cornucopiae with his leftCanaan
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ΛΓΓSYRIA: SELEUCIS & PIERIA. Gabala. Caracalla. Æ 22. A.D. 198-217. Obv: (AVKMAANTΩNEINOC) or similar. Laureate bust right; countermark across shoulder. Rev: Γ(ABAΛEΩ)N. Tyche standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia. Ref: BMC –Axis: 180°. Weight: 7.53 g. CM: ΛΓΓ in rectangular punch, 7.5 x 4 mm. Howgego 551 (5 pcs). Note: Howgego describes the countermark as either ΛΠor ΛΓI, while this specimen reads ΛΓΓ. Collection Automan.Automan
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ROME. Nero. AD 54-68.
PB Tessera (21mm, 3.90 g)
NERO AV
Laureate head right
Blank
Rostovtzev 28; München 2-3; BM 1031Ardatirion
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ROME
PB Tessera (13mm, 3.30 g, 12 h)
Facing head of Medusa
Bestiarius standing facing, holding net and spear
Rostowzew 589 = Kircheriano 1167
The Roman bestiarii were arena fighters who fought against animals while wielding the spear and net. While professional schools for this role eventually developed, most animal fighters were condemned prisoners who barely survived a single match. They should be distinguished from the traditional gladiatiores, who fought only other men. It was in the role of bestiarius that Commodus won his arena fame and Herculean title.Ardatirion
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ROME
PB Tessera (12mm, 2.26 g, 6h)
Mercury advancing right, holding bag and caduceus
PR/OG
Rostovtzev -
The small, round fabric of this issue is not usual for an issue from Rome. Additionally, the attribution of the obverse figure as Mercury is uncertain. Though he appears to bear the bag and caduceus, the figure is in a pose more traditionally held by Eros.Ardatirion
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ROME
PB Tessera (16mm, 2.39 g, 12h)
Mors (Thanatos) standing right, extinguishing torch held in both hands
TER
Rostovtsev -Ardatirion
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ROME
PB Tessera (19mm, 3.40 g, 12h)
Radiate and draped bust of Sol right; behind, dolphin swimming upwards
Fortuna standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia
Rostovtzev - Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (15mm, 4.51 g)
Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm frond
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç 11-2 var. (Victory left; no border)Ardatirion
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SYRIA, Uncertain. Eloucion?
Magistrate, 2nd-3rd century AD.
PB Tessera (17mm, 3.06 g, 11 h)
HΛOV CION, bust of Shamash right, atop eagle(?)
Nike advancing left; star above crescent before, wheel below
Unpublished
The bust of Shamash (or perhaps Sol) on the obverse is distinctly Syrian in nature. Additionally, the style is dramatically different from the issues of Asia Minor. Ardatirion
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S.1182 Edward the Confessor (hammer cross penny, York)Edward the Confessor, king of England (1042-1066)
Hammer cross penny (moneyer: Thorr, mint: York, 1059-1062)
A/ +EΛDPΛRD-DRE; crowned, bearded bust right, scepter before
R/ +DORR ON EOFRPICE (barred D); hammer cross, annulet in one quarter
silver, 1.40 g, diameter 18 mm, die axis 6h
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(0238) GORDIAN III238 - 244 AD
Gordian III and Tranquillina
Æ Pentassarion 27 mm; 12.27 g
O: AVT K M ANT GORDIANOC AVG TPANKVLLINA CAB, draped confronted busts
R: UP TERTULLIANOU MARKIANOPOLITWN, Serapis seated left, reaching out toward three-headed dog Cerberus at foot left, holding sceptre, E in left field.
Magistrate Tertullianus
Moesia Inferior, Markianopolis; Varbanov 2042; Pick 1175; Moushmov 838
d.s.laney
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(0423) JOHANNES423 - 425 AD
AE 11.5 max 1.48 g
O: Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust of Johannes, right.
R: Victory dragging captive leftlaney
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001 - Augustus Denarius - RIC 042aObv:- CAESAR AVGVSTVS, Bare headed bust of Augustus right
Rev:- Round shield inscribed S · P · Q · R/CL · V in two lines
Minted in Spanish mint (Emerita?). 19-18 B.C..
Reference:- RIC I Augustus 42a. RSC 294.maridvnvm
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0042 - Denarius Antoninus Pius 140 ACObv/ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP, Antoninus Pius laureate head r.
Rev/TR P COS III, ITALIA in ex., Italia, towered, seated l. on globe, holding cornucopiae and sceptre.
Ag, 18.0mm, 3.36g
Mint: Rome.
RIC III/98c [C] - RCV 4088 - BMCRE 246 - RSC 466
ex-Freeman & Sear, lot R6690dafnis
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005c2. Agrippina JuniorAE 14.8mm, 2.93 g. Philadelphia, Lydia. 54-59 AD.
Obv: AΓΡIΠΠEINAN ΣEBAΣTHN, draped bust right.
Rev: ΦIΛAΔEΛΦEΩN NEIKANΩΡ, cornucopiae full of fruit. RPC 3042; BMC 59.
lawrence c
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011 HarthacnutPenny of Harthacnut, king of Denmark 1035-1042 and England 1040-1042
Danish issue as king of Denmark, probably 1023-1027 when Jarl Ulf was regent in Denmark
Moneyer: Theodred
Mint: Lund
Hauberg 1
O: +HARDACNVT RX
R: DEODRED ON LVN
Ex- Wolfshead Gallery, Historical Scholar collectionSt. George's Collection
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011 HarthacnutPenny of Harthacnut, king of Denmark 1035-1042 and England 1040-1042
English issue in the name of Cnut
Moneyer: Leofwine
Mint: Thetford
Arm-and-scepter type
S. 1169
O: +CNVT RECX A
R: +LEFPINE ON ÐEOTVO
The arm-and-scepter type in the name of "Cnut" was produced during the reign of Harthacnut
Ex- Mark Rasmussen, Morton & Eden Auction 91 (lot 43), Archbishop John SharpSt. George's Collection
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011 HarthacnutPenny of Harthacnut, king of Denmark 1035-1042 and England 1040-1042
Danish issue as king of Denmark
Moneyer: Toci
Mint: Lund
S. 1170, Hbg 28 (var.)
Hauberg 28
O: NARÐECII
R: TOOCI ON LVNDI
Danish coin of Harthacnut, imitating the long cross type of Aethelred II. Harthacnut faces left with a nice head of bushy hair, looking somewhat more like a rooster's comb. In front of him is an extended hand, which seems to be clothed in a gauntlet. The lanky fingers look almost skeletal. The significance of this hand may be related to similar imagery of the 'benediction hand' on other coins of Aethelred II. This similar hand is also seen on late Roman coins. This image only appears on coins of Toci. Toci also struck coins for Cnut the Great, Magnus the Good, and Cnut IV.
Ex- Hafnia coins, Künker Auction 194 (lot 2132)St. George's Collection
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0121 - Denarius Cipia 115-4 BCObv/ Helmeted head of Roma r.; before, M CIPI MF; behind, X.
Rev/ Victory in biga r., holding reins and palm-branch tied with fillet; below, rudder; in ex. ROMA.
Ag, 17.5 mm, 3.93 g
Moneyer: M. Cipius M.f.
Mint: Roma.
RRC 289/1 [dies o/r: 535/669] - Bab. Cipia 1 - Syd. 546
ex-Numismática Hinojosa, eBay june 2011 - art. #350470428453dafnis
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020 Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), RIC² 0042, RIC II(1962) 029, Rome, AR-Denarius, AVG V R/PON MAX, Sacrificial implements, #1020 Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), RIC² 0042, RIC II(1962) 029, Rome, AR-Denarius, AVG V R/PON MAX, Sacrificial implements, #1
avers: IMP CAES VESP AVG P M, Laureate head right.
reverse: AVG V R/ PON MAX, Sacrificial implements: simpulum, aspergillum, jug and lituus.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,5-18mm, weight: 3,25g, axes:7h,
mint: Rome, date: 70-72 A.D., ref: RIC² 0042, RIC II(1962) 029, RSC 42, BMC 48,
Q-001quadrans
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020 Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), RIC² 0356, RIC II(1962) 042, Rome, AR-Denarius, AVG V R/TRI POT, Sacrificial implements, #1020 Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), RIC² 0356, RIC II(1962) 042, Rome, AR-Denarius, AVG V R/TRI POT, Sacrificial implements, #1
avers: IMP CAES VESP AVG P M COS IIII, Laureate head right.
reverse: AVG V R/ TRI-POT, Sacrificial implements: simpulum, aspergillum, jug, and lituus.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 15,5-16mm, weight: 3,13g, axes: 5h,
mint: Rome, date: 72-73 A.D., ref: RIC² 0356, RIC II(1962) 042, RSC-45,
Q-001quadrans
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020 Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), RIC² 0356, RIC II(1962) 042, Rome, AR-Denarius, AVG V R/TRI POT, Sacrificial implements, #2020 Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), RIC² 0356, RIC II(1962) 042, Rome, AR-Denarius, AVG V R/TRI POT, Sacrificial implements, #2
avers: IMP CAES VESP AVG P M COS IIII, Laureate head right.
reverse: AVG V R/ TRI-POT, Sacrificial implements: simpulum, aspergillum, jug, and lituus.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,0-18,0mm, weight: 3,55g, axes: 6h,
mint: Rome, date: 72-73 A.D., ref: RIC² 0356, RIC II(1962) 042, RSC-45,
Q-002quadrans
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020 Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), RIC² 0356, RIC II(1962) 042, Rome, AR-Denarius, AVG V R/TRI POT, Sacrificial implements, #3020 Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), RIC² 0356, RIC II(1962) 042, Rome, AR-Denarius, AVG V R/TRI POT, Sacrificial implements, #3
avers: IMP CAES VESP AVG P M COS IIII, Laureate head right.
reverse: AVG V R/ TRI-POT, Sacrificial implements: simpulum, aspergillum, jug, and lituus.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,0-17,0mm, weight: 3,23g, axes: 7h,
mint: Rome, date: 72-73 A.D., ref: RIC² 0356, RIC II(1962) 042, RSC-45,
Q-003quadrans
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024c Domitian (69-81 A.D. Caesar, 81-96 A.D. Augustus), RIC 0236, RIC II(1962) 0427, AE-Quadrans, Rome, S C within laurel wreath, #1024c Domitian (69-81 A.D. Caesar, 81-96 A.D. Augustus), RIC 0236, RIC II(1962) 0427, AE-Quadrans, Rome, S C within laurel wreath, #1
avers:- IMP DOMIT AVG GERM, helmeted and draped bust of Minerva right.
revers:- S C within laurel wreath.
diameter: 17,5mm, weight: 2,95, axis: 0h,
mint: Rome, date: 84-85 A.D., ref: RIC 0236, RIC II(1962) 0427 p-207, BMCRE 484, CBN 520,
Q-001quadrans
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027 Traianus (98-117 A.D.), Rome, RIC II 0428, AE-Dupondius, TR POT COS IIII P P, Abundantia seated left, #1027 Traianus (98-117 A.D.), Rome, RIC II 0428, AE-Dupondius, TR POT COS IIII P P, Abundantia seated left, #1
avers: IMP CAES NERVA TRAIAN AVG GERM P M, Radiate head right.
reverse: TR POT COS IIII P P, Abundantia seated left on chair formed of two cornucopiae, holding scepter.
exergue: -/-//SC, diameter: 27,0-27,7mm, weight: 13,28g, axis:6h,
mint: Rome, date: 101-102 A.D.,
ref: RIC II 428, BMCRE 748, Cohen 639, Sear (1988) 1017,
Q-001quadrans
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03 - 04 - Virreynato FELIPE V (1700-1746) "Macuquina con PLVS VLTRA y Columnas sobre ondas de Mar"
1 Real de Plata Ley 917
20x18 mm
Anv: PHILIPPVS V D G HISPANIARVM REX (Felipe V por la gracia de Dios rey de las Españas) la leyenda, al tratarse de una macuquina, no es visible, alrededor de la cruz de Jerusalén con castillos y leones, con I (valor) encima, P (ceca) en campo izq., Y (Ensayador) en campo der. y 704 (fecha) debajo.
Rev: POTOSI EL PERV 1704 La leyenda, al tratarse de una macuquina, no es visible, alrededor de las 2 columnas y entre ellas en 3 líneas valor I entre P (marca de la ceca) e Y (ensayador), 2ª línea PLVS VLTRA, 3ª línea 704 entre Y (ensayador) y P (ceca).
Acuñada: 1704
Ensayador: Y - Diego de Ybarbouro
Ceca: Potosí - Hoy ubicada en Bolivia
Referencias: Maravedis.net #B-042-4mdelvalle
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037a Marcus Aurelius (139-161 A.D. as Caesar, 161-180 A.D. as Augustus), RIC III 0423avar. (Ant.Pius), Rome, AR-Denarius, IVVENTAS, Iuventas standing facing, #1037a Marcus Aurelius (139-161 A.D. as Caesar, 161-180 A.D. as Augustus), RIC III 0423avar. (Ant.Pius), Rome, AR-Denarius, IVVENTAS, Iuventas standing facing, #1
avers: AVRELIVS CAE SAR AVG P II F COS, Bare-headed, draped bust right. (bust type not in RIC !!!).
reverse: IVVENTAS, Iuventas standing facing, head left, right hand dropping a grain of incense onto candelabrum-altarbelow, left hand holding patera downwards at waist level.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,5-18,0 mm, weight: 3,45g, axis:0h,
mint: Rome, date: 140-144 A.D.,
ref: RIC III. 423avar., (Ant. Pius), RSC -, Sear -
Q-001
"RIC III gives the bust type simply as "bare head"; this coin clearly has a draped bust."quadrans
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037a Marcus Aurelius (139-161 A.D. as Caesar, 161-180 A.D. as Augustus), RIC III 0424a (Ant.Pius), Rome, AR-Denarius, PIETAS AVG, Sacrificial implements, #1037a Marcus Aurelius (139-161 A.D. as Caesar, 161-180 A.D. as Augustus), RIC III 0424a (Ant.Pius), Rome, AR-Denarius, PIETAS AVG, Sacrificial implements, #1
avers: AVRELIVS CAESAR AVG P II F COS, Bare head right.
reverse: PIETAS AVG, Sacrificial implements.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,0-19,0mm, weight: 3,28g, axis:1h,
mint: Rome, date: 140-144 A.D.,
ref: RIC III. 424a, (Ant.Pius), RSC 451, Sear 4786,
Q-001quadrans
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037a Marcus Aurelius (139-161 A.D. as Caesar, 161-180 A.D. as Augustus), RIC III 0424a (Ant.Pius), Rome, AR-Denarius, PIETAS AVG, Sacrificial implements, #2037a Marcus Aurelius (139-161 A.D. as Caesar, 161-180 A.D. as Augustus), RIC III 0424a (Ant.Pius), Rome, AR-Denarius, PIETAS AVG, Sacrificial implements, #2
avers: AVRELIVS CAESAR AVG P II F COS, Bare head right.
reverse: PIETAS AVG, Sacrificial implements.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,0-18,5mm, weight: 3,25g, axis:1h,
mint: Rome, date: 140-144 A.D.,
ref: RIC III. 424a, (Ant.Pius), RSC 451, Sear 4786,
Q-002quadrans
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037a Marcus Aurelius (139-161 A.D. as Caesar, 161-180 A.D. as Augustus), RIC III 0424a (Ant.Pius), Rome, AR-Denarius, PIETAS AVG, Sacrificial implements, #3037a Marcus Aurelius (139-161 A.D. as Caesar, 161-180 A.D. as Augustus), RIC III 0424a (Ant.Pius), Rome, AR-Denarius, PIETAS AVG, Sacrificial implements, #3
avers: AVRELIVS CAESAR AVG P II F COS, Bare head right.
reverse: PIETAS AVG, Sacrificial implements.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,5-18,0mm, weight: 3,08g, axis:7h,
mint: Rome, date: 140-144 A.D.,
ref: RIC III. 424a, (Ant.Pius), RSC 451, Sear 4786,
Q-003quadrans
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037a Marcus Aurelius (139-161 A.D. as Caesar, 161-180 A.D. as Augustus), RIC III 0429a (Ant.Pius), Rome, AR-Denarius, COS II, Honos standing facing, #1037a Marcus Aurelius (139-161 A.D. as Caesar, 161-180 A.D. as Augustus), RIC III 0429a (Ant.Pius), Rome, AR-Denarius, COS II, Honos standing facing, #1
avers: AVRE(L)IVS CAESAR AVG P II F, Bare head right. (Legend error "L" missing !!!)
reverse: COS II, Honos standing facing, head left, holding branch, and cornucopiae.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,5-18,0mm, weight: 3,03g, axis:6h,
mint: Rome, date: 145-147 A.D.,
ref: RIC III. 429a, (Ant.Pius), RSC 110, Sear'88 #1379,
Q-001quadrans
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037ai Marcus Aurelius (139-161 A.D. as Caesar, 161-180 A.D. as Augustus), AR-Denarius, RIC III 0429a (imitacio)(Ant.Pius), Rome, IIONOS, Honos standing facing, #1037ai Marcus Aurelius (139-161 A.D. as Caesar, 161-180 A.D. as Augustus), AR-Denarius, RIC III 0429a (imitacio)(Ant.Pius), Rome, IIONOS, Honos standing facing, #1
avers: IVAIIIVCCAR TAIIAVCIIII, bare head right. (Confused text)
reverse: IIONOS, Honos standing facing, head left, holding branch, and cornucopiae.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,5mm, weight: 25,7g, axis: 6h,
mint: Rome, date: A.D.,
ref: RIC III. 0429a (imitacio)(Ant.Pius), p- , RSC-,
Q-001quadrans
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037b Marcus Aurelius (139-161 A.D. as Caesar, 161-180 A.D. as Augustus), RIC III 0424var.(bust!), Rome, AR-Denarius, COS III•P•P•, Annona standing left, #1037b Marcus Aurelius (139-161 A.D. as Caesar, 161-180 A.D. as Augustus), RIC III 0424var.(bust!), Rome, AR-Denarius, COS III•P•P•, Annona standing left, #1
avers: M ANTONI NVS AVG, Laureate draped and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: COS III•P•P•, Annona standing left, between modius with corn ears and ship, holding two corn-ears and cornucopia.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,0-18,0mm, weight: 3,13g, axis: 0h,
mint: Rome, date:176-180 A.D.,
ref: RIC III 424var.(bust!), p-246, C-, Sear-,
Q-001
This bust variation is not in RIC, in this reverse...quadrans
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037b Marcus Aurelius (139-161 A.D. as Caesar, 161-180 A.D. as Augustus), RIC III 0425var., Rome, AR-Denarius, COS III•P•P•, Salus seated left, #1037b Marcus Aurelius (139-161 A.D. as Caesar, 161-180 A.D. as Augustus), RIC III 0425var., Rome, AR-Denarius, COS III•P•P•, Salus seated left, #1
avers: M AVREL ANTO NINVS AVG, Laureate draped and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: COS III•P•P•, Salus seated left, holding poppy over serpent at right.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,5-19,0mm, weight: 2,58g, axis: 5h,
mint: Rome, date:176-80 A.D.,
ref: RIC III 425var., p-246, C-152, Sear-,
Q-001quadrans
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038 GALLIENUSEMPEROR: Gallienus
DENOMINATION: Antoninianus
OBVERSE: GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right
REVERSE: AETERNITAS AVG, Sol, radiate, standing left with with raised hand and holding globe, Γ to left.
DATE: 260-2688 AD (Sole Reign)
MINT: Roma
WEIGHT: 2.90 g
RIC: 160Barnaba6
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042 Constantius IIobv: FL IVL CONSTANTIVS NOB C laur. drp. cuir. bust l.
rev: PROVIDEN_TIAE AVGG campgate with two turrents star above
fld:/ex: SF/ARLPhill132
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042 Crispina ( ?-183 A.D.), RIC III 0680 (Comm.), Rome, AE-As, IVNO LVCINA, Iuno standing left, Scarce !, #1042 Crispina ( ?-183 A.D.), RIC III 0680 (Comm.), Rome, AE-As, IVNO LVCINA, Iuno standing left, Scarce !, #1
Wife of Commodus.
avers:- CRISPINA-AVGVSTA, Draped bust right, hair in a bun.
revers:- IVNO-LVCINA, Iuno standing left, holding patera and sceptre, S-C across the field.
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 22,5-23,5mm, weight: 8,60g, axis: 11h,
mint: Rome, date: A.D., ref: RIC-III-680 (Commodus), p-443, C-24, BMC-433, Scarce !,
Q-001quadrans
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042 Crispina ( ?-183 A.D.), RIC III 0680 (Comm.), Rome, AE-As, IVNO LVCINA, Iuno standing left, Scarce !, #2042 Crispina ( ?-183 A.D.), RIC III 0680 (Comm.), Rome, AE-As, IVNO LVCINA, Iuno standing left, Scarce !, #2
Wife of Commodus.
avers:- CRISPINA-AVGVSTA, Draped bust right, hair in a bun.
revers:- IVNO-LVCINA, Iuno standing left, holding patera and sceptre, S-C across the field.
exerg: S/C//--, diameter:24,5mm, weight: 9,86g, axis: 11h,
mint: Rome, date: A.D., ref: RIC-III-680 (Commodus), p-443, C-24, BMC-433, Scarce !,
Q-002quadrans
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042 Crispina ( ?-183 A.D.), RIC III 0682 (Comm.), Rome, AE-As, IVNO REGINA, Iuno standing left, Scarce !, #1042 Crispina ( ?-183 A.D.), RIC III 0682 (Comm.), Rome, AE-As, IVNO REGINA, Iuno standing left, Scarce !, #1
Wife of Commodus.
avers:- CRISPINA-AVGVSTA, Draped bust right, hair in a bun.
revers:- IVNO-REGINA, Iuno standing left, holding patera and sceptre, S-C across the field.
exerg: S/C//--, diameter: 25mm, weight: 12,29g, axis: 4 h,
mint: Rome, date: A.D., ref: RIC-III-682 (Commodus), p-443, C- Not in, BMC-Not in
Q-001quadrans
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042 Lajos II. (Lodovicus II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1516-1526 A.D.) AR Denar, H-841, CNH-2-306A, U-673a., P-255-32, Madonna and child, A/V//HK, 1526, #01042 Lajos II. (Lodovicus II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1516-1526 A.D.) AR Denar, H-841, CNH-2-306A, U-673a., P-255-32, Madonna and child, A/V//HK, 1526, #01
avers: LVDOVICVS ᵒRᵒVNGARI*1626*, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian (Hungarian) stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Polish eagle in the inner shield. The date (1526) above the shield between two flowers, and flower with five petals, the border of dots.
reverse: PATRONA HK VNGARIE, Crowned Madonna seated facing, holding infant Jesus in her right arm, mint-mark (A-V) on each side, HK below, the border of dots.
exergue/mint mark: A/V//HK, struck by Alexius Thurzó (by Pohl),
diameter: 14,5-15,0mm, weight: 0,56g, axis: 8h,
mint: Hungary, Visegrád (by Pohl),
date: 1526 A.D. (Pohl),
ref: Huszár-841, CNH-2-306A, Unger-673a., Pohl-255-32,
Q-001quadrans
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042 Lajos II. (Lodovicus II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1516-1526 A.D.) AR Denar, H-846, CNH-2-308A, U-675a., P-258-01, L/B//--, 1521, Madonna and child, #01042 Lajos II. (Lodovicus II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1516-1526 A.D.) AR Denar, H-846, CNH-2-308A, U-675a., P-258-01, L/B//--, 1521, Madonna and child, #01
avers: Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian (Hungarian) stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Polish eagle in the inner shield. The date (1521) above the shield between two flowers, and flower with five petals between two dots on each side, border of dots.
reverse: Crowned Madonna seated facing, holding infant Jesus in her right arm, mintmark (L-B) on each side; border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: L/B//--,
diameter: 15,5mm, weight: 0,49g, axis: 3h,
mint: Hungary, Buda,
date: 1521 A.D. (Pohl),
ref: Huszár-846, CNH-2-308A, Unger-675-a., Pohl-258-01,
"Moneta Nova" series.
Q-001
quadrans
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042 Lajos II. (Lodovicus II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1516-1526 A.D.) AR Denar, H-846, CNH-2-308A, U-675a., P-258-01, L/B//--, 1523, Madonna and child, #01042 Lajos II. (Lodovicus II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1516-1526 A.D.) AR Denar, H-846, CNH-2-308A, U-675a., P-258-01, L/B//--, 1523, Madonna and child, #01
avers: Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian (Hungarian) stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Polish eagle in the inner shield. The date (1521) above the shield between two flowers, and flower with five petals between two dots on each side, border of dots.
reverse: Crowned Madonna seated facing, holding infant Jesus in her right arm, mintmark (L-B) on each side; border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: L/B//--,
diameter: 15,0-15,5mm, weight: 0,51g, axis: 3h,
mint: Hungary, Buda,
date: 1523 A.D. (Pohl),
ref: Huszár-846, CNH-2-308A, Unger-675-a., Pohl-258-01,
"Moneta Nova" series.
Q-001
quadrans
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042 Lajos II. (Lodovicus II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1516-1526 A.D.) AR Denar, H-846, CNH-2-308A, U-675e., P-258-02, L/K//--, 1522, Madonna and child, #01042 Lajos II. (Lodovicus II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1516-1526 A.D.) AR Denar, H-846, CNH-2-308A, U-675e., P-258-02, L/K//--, 1522, Madonna and child, #01
avers: Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian (Hungarian) stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Polish eagle in the inner shield. The date (1522) above the shield between two flowers, and flower with five petals between two dots on each side, border of dots.
reverse: Crowned Madonna seated facing, holding infant Jesus in her right arm, mintmark (L-K) on each side; border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: L/K//--,
diameter: 15,0-15,5mm, weight: 0,48g, axis: 9h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica) by Pohl,
date: 1522 A.D. (Pohl),
ref: Huszar-846, CNH-2-308A, Unger-675e., Pohl-258-02,
"Moneta Nova" series.
Q-001quadrans
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042 Nero Claudius DrususNero Claudius Drusus AE Sestertius. NERO CLAVDIVS DRVSVS GERMANICVS IMP, bare head left / TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP, Claudius, togate, seated left on curule chair, holding branch; arms lying around; SC in ex.
"When, three months after her marriage to Augustus, Livia gave birth to Decimus (later Nero) Drusus - the father of the future Emperor Claudius - people naturally suspected that he was the product of adultry with his stepfather." Randygeki(h2)
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042 Pertinax. AR Denariusobv: IMP CAES P HELV PERTIN AVG laur head r.
rev: OPI DIVINAE TRP COS II ops seated l. holding two corn earshill132
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042. Domitian (81-96 A.D.)Av.: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM COS XIII CENS PER P P
Rv.: IOVI VICTORI
Ex.: SC
AE Sestertius Ø35-36! / 27.8g!
RIC 527 Rome (old RIC II 342a)
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0420 Gallienus - BI antoninianusAntioch
263-264 AD
radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right from behind
GALLIENVS AVG
soldier standing left, holding spear and shield
VIRTVS AVG
*
Göbl MIR 1617i, RIC V S668, SRCV III 10402, RSC IV 1237b cor., AHG 487
3,07g 21,5mmJ. B.
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0421 Hadrian Sestertius, Roma 119-23 AD Hadrian Reference.
RIC II, 582; C 930; Strack 548; RIC 421
Bust C1
Obv. IMP CAESAR TRAIANVS HADRIANVS AVG P M TR P COS III:
Laureate, draped bust, viewed from front
Rev. LIBERALITAS AVG III in Ex. S C
Hadrian, seated left on platform, hand extended towards citizen, advancing right, with fold of toga held out; in background Liberalitas standing front, holding up coin scoop; behind Hadrian, attendant standing left.
24.93 gr
33 mm
h
Note.
Comment on Tablet by Curtis Clay.
The object in question was a tablet with a set number of shallow coin-size depressions drilled into it, say 50 depressions. It was dipped into the chest of coins like a scoop, and shaken until one coin had settled into each depression. Any excess coins were then swept back into the chest with the official's other hand, and the full board containing exactly fifty coins was then emptied into the outstretched toga of the recipient. So the object in question was a coin scoop/coin counter, meant to rapidly and accurately distribute the required number of coins to each recipient.okidoki
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0422 Hadrian Sestertius, Roma 119-23 AD LibertasReference.
RIC II, 583a; C 948. BMC 1190A; Strack 549; RIC 422
Bust A1
Obv. IMP CAESAR TRAIANVS HADRIANVS AVG P M TR P COS III
Laureate head
Rev. LIBERTAS PVBLICA S C in ex.
Libertas, seated left, holding branch and sceptre
26.50 gr
mm
hokidoki
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0422 Hadrian Sestertius, Roma 119-23 AD LibertasReference.
RIC II, 583; C 948. BMC 1190A; Strack 549; RIC 422
Bust A2
Obv. IMP CAESAR TRAIANVS HADRIANVS AVG P M TR P COS III
Laureate head with drapery
Rev. LIBERTAS PVBLICA S C in ex.
Libertas, seated left, holding branch and sceptre
24.24 gr
34 mm
6h
Note.
ex Münzzentrum Köln, Auktion 45, 1981, Los 554okidoki
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0424 Hadrian Sestertius, Roma 119-23 AD LibertasRIC II, 583a; C 948. BMC 1190A; Strack 549; RIC 424; Banti 512
Bust C1
Obv. IMP CAESAR TRAIANVS HADRIANVS AVG P M TR P COS III
Laureate, draped bust, viewed from front
Rev. LIBERTAS PVBLICA S C in ex.
Libertas, seated left, holding branch and sceptre
31.63 gr
35.5 mm
6hokidoki
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0427 Trajan - AE sestertiusRome
108-110 AD
laureate bust right, draped left shoulder
IMP CAES NERVAE TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS V P P
Annona standing left holding cornucopiae and grain ears; modius on left and prow of galley right
S•P•Q•R•OPTIMO PRINCIPI
S C
Woytek 323bD, Banti 118, RIC II 492, BMCRE III 782, Cohen 469
21,24g 33mmJ. B.
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0429 Gallienus - silvered antoninianusRome
264-266 AD
radiate head right
GALLIENVS AVG
Sol standing left, raising right hand, whip in left
ORIENS AVG
Göbl MIR 614a, RIC V S249, RSC IV 699, SRCV III 10295
2,78g 20mmJ. B.
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042a. AemilianAugustus August (?) 253 - October (?) 253
Marcus Aemilius Aemilianus. Born in Africa, and perhaps a Libyan or Moor. Commander of forces in Moesia. After defeating Goths, he was proclaimed emperor by troops; about 40 years old. He defeated Trebonianus Gallus at battle of Interamna Nahars in August 253. Then killed by own troops when Valerian moved against him.lawrence c
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042a01. Aemilian53 AD. Antoninianus. 23mm, 2.67 g. Rome mint. Obv: IMP AEMILIANVS PIVS FEL AVG. Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right. Rev: DIANAE VICTRI. Diana standing left, holding bow and arrow. RIC 2b.
lawrence c
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042a02. AemilianAE 21.8mm, 5.35 g. Antioch, Pisidia. Obv: IMP C MA C M ACMILLIANO AVG, radiate, draped, cuirassed bust right. Rev: ANTIOC-CH LCO, vexilium surmounted by eagle, between two standards, S-R between masts. Krzyzanowska AEM1.1; BMC 137.lawrence c
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042a03. AemilianAE 24mm, 9.70 g. Viminacium, Moesia. Obv: IMP C M AEMIL AEMILIANVS A, laureate, draped bust right, seen from the back. Rev: PMS-COL VIM, Moesia standing with hands outstretched over a lion and a bull. Date AN XIV in exergue. AMNG 179, Martin 6'01'31.lawrence c
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042b. Cornelia SuperaCornelia Supera was the presumed wife of Aemilian.lawrence c
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