Classical Numismatics Discussion Members' Coin Collection Photo Gallery

Image search results - "(268-270"

(268-270) Claude II le GothiqueB*Numis

006 - Claudius II Gothicus (268-270 AD), Antoninianus - RIC 91Obv: IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev. PROVIDENT AVG, Providentia standing half left, leaning on column, holding cornucopia and rod over globe.
Minted in Rome.
pierre_p77

007 - Claudius II (268-270 AD), Antoninianus - RIC 13 Obv: IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: ADVENTVS AVG, emperor on horseback left, holding scptre and rising hand in salute.
Minted in Rome.
1 commentspierre_p77

016 - Claudius II (268-270 AD), Antoninianus - RIC 153Obv: IMP CLAVDIVS P F AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: ORIENS AVG, Sol standing right, holding right hand rised and globe in left.
Minted in Mediolanum - Milan - (P in exe) 268-270 AD.
17 mm in diam.
pierre_p77

020 - Claudius II Gothicus (268-270 AD), Antoninianus - RIC 261Obv: DIVO CLAVDIO. radiated bust right.
Rev: CONSECRATIO, large altar.
Minted in Milan(?), c 270 AD.

Commemorative coin struck after the emperors death. pierre_p77

101 Victorinus (268-270 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 061, Southern mint, PROVIDENTIA-AVG, Providentia standing left, #1101 Victorinus (268-270 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 061, Southern mint, PROVIDENTIA-AVG, Providentia standing left, #1
avers: IMP-C-VICTORINVS-P-F-AVG, Radiated and cuirassed bust right.
revers: PROVIDENTIA-AVG, Providentia standing left, holding cornucopiae, globe at feet.
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 17,5-19mm, weight: 2,27g, axes: 5h,
mint: Southern mint, date: 268-270 A.D., ref: RIC-V-II-061-p, C-,
Q-001quadrans

101 Victorinus (268-270 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 061, Southern mint, PROVIDENTIA-AVG, Providentia standing left, #2101 Victorinus (268-270 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 061, Southern mint, PROVIDENTIA-AVG, Providentia standing left, #2
avers: IMP-C-VICTORINVS-P-F-AVG, Radiated and cuirassed bust right.
revers: PROVIDENTIA-AVG, Providentia standing left, holding cornucopiae, globe at feet.
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 18-19,5mm, weight: 3,24g, axes: 0h,
mint: Southern mint, date: 268-270 A.D., ref: RIC-V-II-061-p, C-,
Q-002quadrans

101 Victorinus (268-270 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 122, Cologne, SALVS-AVG, Salus standing right,101 Victorinus (268-270 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 122, Cologne, SALVS-AVG, Salus standing right,
avers: IMP-C-VICTORINVS-P-F-AVG, Radiated and cuirassed bust right.
revers: SALVS-AVG, Salus standing right, feeding serpent in arms.
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 21-23mm, weight: 4,64g, axes: 6h,
mint: Cologne, date: 268-270 A.D., ref: RIC-V-II-122-p397, C-112,
Q-001quadrans

101 Victorinus (268-270 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 126, Unattributed mint, AEQVITAS AVG, Aequitas standing left, #1101 Victorinus (268-270 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 126, Unattributed mint, AEQVITAS AVG, Aequitas standing left, #1
avers: IMP C PI VICTORINVS AVG, Radiated and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: AEQVITAS AVG, Aequitas standing left, holding scales and cornucopia.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 20,5-21,5mm, weight: 3,60g, axes: 8h,
mint: Unattributed mint, date: 260-270 A.D.,
ref: RIC V-II 126, Cunetio hoard 2552, Elmer 702; Sear -.
Q-001quadrans

101 Victorinus (268-270 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II ???, Unattributed mint, SALVS AVG, Salus standing right, #1101 Victorinus (268-270 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II ???, Unattributed mint, SALVS AVG, Salus standing right, #1
avers: IMP C PI VICTORINVS AVG, Radiated and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: SALVS AVG, Salus standing right, feeding serpent in arms.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 19,0-20,4mm, weight: 3,01g, axes: 0h,
mint: Unattributed mint, date: 269-271 A.D.,
ref: RIC V-II ???,
Q-001quadrans

104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0060 (Estiot), RIC V-I 157, Mediolanum, AE-Antoninianus, PAX-AVG, -/-//T, Pax running left,104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0060 (Estiot), RIC V-I 157, Mediolanum, AE-Antoninianus, PAX-AVG, -/-//T, Pax running left,
avers:- IMP-CLAVDIVS-PF-AVG, Bust right, radiate, cuirassed and draped with paludamentum, seen from rear, (D2).
revers:- PAX-AVG, Pax running left, holding olive branch in right hand and long transverse sceptre in left hand, (Pax4).
exerg: -/-//T, diameter: 18-21 mm, weight: 3,88 g, axes: 5 h,
mint: Mediolanum, iss-3, off-3, date: 269-270 A.D., ref: T-0060, RIC V-I 157,
Q-001quadrans

104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0085 (Estiot), RIC V-I 151, Mediolanum, AE-Antoninianus, FORTVNAE RED, -/-//S, Fortuna standing left, #1104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0085 (Estiot), RIC V-I 151, Mediolanum, AE-Antoninianus, FORTVNAE RED, -/-//S, Fortuna standing left, #1
avers: IMP CLAVDIVS P F AVG, Bust right, radiate, cuirassed and draped with paludamentum, seen from the rear, (D2).
reverse: FORTVNAE RED, Fortuna standing left, holding the rudder in right hand and cornucopiae in left hand, (Fortuna 2).
exergue: -/-//S, diameter: 19,0-20,5 mm, weight: 3,70 g, axes: 6h,
mint: Mediolanum, iss-3, off-3, date: 269-270 A.D., ref: T-0085, RIC V-I 151,
Q-001quadrans

104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0126 (Estiot), RIC V-I 091var, Rome, AE-Antoninianus, PROVIDENT AVG, -/-//--, Providentia standing left, Rare!104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0126 (Estiot), RIC V-I 091var, Rome, AE-Antoninianus, PROVIDENT AVG, -/-//--, Providentia standing left, Rare!
avers:- IMP-C-CLAVDIVS-AVG, Bust left, radiate, nude with cross-belt, seen from rear, holding spear pointing forward in right hand, aegis on left shoulder, (L2l).
revers:- PROVIDENT-AVG, Providentia standing left, holding baton in right hand and cornucopiae in left hand, with left elbow leaning on column, at feet to left globe, (Providentia 3).
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 20mm, weight: 2,89g, axes: 7h,
mint: Rome, iss-1 (probably for the Adventus: exceptional busts), off-12,
date: 268 A.D., ref: T-0126 (Estiot), RIC V-I 091var,
Q-001quadrans

104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0168 (Estiot), RIC V-I 104var., Rome, AE-Antoninianus, VICTORIA AVG, -/-//--, Victoria standing left, 104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0168 (Estiot), RIC V-I 104var., Rome, AE-Antoninianus, VICTORIA AVG, -/-//--, Victoria standing left,
avers:- IMP-C-CLAVDIVS-AVG, Radiate and cuirassed bust right, (B1).
revers:- VICTORIA-AVG, , Victory stg. l., holding wreath in r. hand and palm against l. shoulder. (Victoria 1).
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: mm, weight: g, axes: h,
mint: Rome, iss-1, off-1, date: 268 A.D., ref: T-0168 (Estiot), RIC V-I 104var,
Q-001quadrans

104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0183 (Estiot), RIC V-I 098, Rome, AE-Antoninianus, SALVS AVG, -/-//--, Salus standing left, #1104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0183 (Estiot), RIC V-I 098, Rome, AE-Antoninianus, SALVS AVG, -/-//--, Salus standing left, #1
avers: IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG, Bust right, radiate, cuirassed and draped with paludamentum, seen from the rear. (D2).
reverse: SALVS AVG, Salus standing left, holding long vertical sceptre in left hand, feeding snake rising from altar from patera held in right hand. (Salus 1).
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 18,5-20,0mm, weight: 3,01g, axes: 6h,
mint: Rome, iss-1, off-3 (or 10), date: 268-269 A.D., ref: T-0183 (Estiot), RIC V-I 98,
Q-001quadrans

104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0203 (Estiot), RIC V-I 109, Rome, AE-Antoninianus, VIRTVS AVG, -/-//--, Virtus standing left,104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0203 (Estiot), RIC V-I 109, Rome, AE-Antoninianus, VIRTVS AVG, -/-//--, Virtus standing left,
avers:-IMP-C-CLAVDIVS-AVG, Radiate and cuirassed bust right, (B1).
revers: VIRT-VS-AVG, Virtus standing left, holding olive branch in right hand and spear (sometimes pointing down) in left hand, on the left, a shield rests against his leg, (Virtus 4b).
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 17-20mm, weight: 3,70g, axes: 7 h,
mint: Rome, iss-1, off-5, date: 268-269 A.D., ref: T-0203 (Estiot), RIC V-I 109,
Q-001quadrans

104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0454 (Estiot), RIC V-I 107., Rome, AE-Antoninianus, VICTORIA AVG, -/Γ//--, Victory running right, 104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0454 (Estiot), RIC V-I 107., Rome, AE-Antoninianus, VICTORIA AVG, -/Γ//--, Victory running right,
avers:- IMP-CLAVDIVS-AVG, Radiate bust right, (A1).
revers:- VICTORIA-AVG, Victory running right, holding wreath in right hand and palm against left shoulder. (Victoria 8).
exerg: -/Γ//--, diameter: 18,5-19mm, weight: 3,49g, axes: 6h,
mint: Rome, iss-3, off-3, date: 270 A.D., ref: T-0454(Estiot), RIC V-I 107,
Q-001quadrans

104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0529 (Estiot), RIC V-I 072, Rome, AE-Antoninianus, MARTI PACIF, X/-//--, Mars in military dress walking left, 104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0529 (Estiot), RIC V-I 072, Rome, AE-Antoninianus, MARTI PACIF, X/-//--, Mars in military dress walking left,
avers: IMP-CLAVDIVS-AVG, Radiate bust right, (A1).
revers: MARTI-PACIF, Mars in military dress walking left, holding olive branch in right hand, transverse spear and round shield in left hand. (Mars 1b).
exerg: X/-//--, diameter: 19-20mm, weight: 3,24g, axes: 1h,
mint: Rome, iss-, off-10, date: 270 A.D., ref: T-0529 (Estiot), RIC V-I 072,
Q-001quadrans

104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0611 (Estiot), RIC V-I Not in RIC, Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, ANNONA AVG, -/I//--, Annona standing left,104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0611 (Estiot), RIC V-I Not in RIC, Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, ANNONA AVG, -/I//--, Annona standing left,
avers:- IMP-CLAVDIVS-AVG, Bust right, radiate, cuirassed and draped with paludamentum, seen from rear, (D2).
revers:- ANNONA-AVG, Annona standing left, holding corn-ears in right hand and cornucopiae in left hand, at feet to left, modius, "I" in right field, (Annona 1).
exerg: -/I//--, diameter: 20-21mm, weight: 2,45g, axes: 5h,
mint: Siscia, iss-2 Phase 2, off-1, date: 268-69. A.D., ref: T-0611 (Estiot), RIC V-I Not in RIC, Normanby 1062,
Q-001quadrans

104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0727 (Estiot), RIC V-I 196var, Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, VOTA ORBIS, -/-//II, Two Victories, extr. Rare !, 104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0727 (Estiot), RIC V-I 196var, Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, VOTA ORBIS, -/-//II, Two Victories, extr. Rare !,
avers:- IMP-CLAVDIVS-AVG, Bust left, helmeted and radiate, cuirassed with cross-belt, holding spear without visible point over right shoulder, shield on left shoulder.Medusa-head on shield, (H4l (w/o point)).
revers:- VOTA-ORBIS, Two Victories stg. facing each other, fixing a shield inscribed SC to a palm tree which is placed between them, (Victories (two)1).
exerg: -/-//II, diameter: 21mm, weight: 3,31g, axes: 0h, (12h),
mint: Siscia, iss-3, off-2, Victory of Naïssus, date: 269 A.D., ref: T-0727 (Estiot), RIC V-I 196var, ,
Q-001quadrans

104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0761 (Estiot), RIC V-I 193, Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, VBERTAS AVG, -/-//--, Uberitas standing left, #1104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0761 (Estiot), RIC V-I 193, Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, VBERTAS AVG, -/-//--, Uberitas standing left, #1
avers:- IMP-CLAVDIVS-AVG, Bust right, radiate, cuirassed, (B1).
revers:- VBERTAS-AVG, Uberitas standing left, holding purse in right hand and cornucopiae in left hand, (Uberitas 1).
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 21mm, weight: 3,23g, axes: 0h,(12h),
mint: Siscia, iss-4, date: 270. A.D., ref: T-0761 (Estiot), RIC V-I 193, Alf. 1936, 5.11,
Q-001quadrans

104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0761 (Estiot), RIC V-I 193, Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, VBERTAS AVG, -/-//--, Uberitas standing left, #2104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0761 (Estiot), RIC V-I 193, Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, VBERTAS AVG, -/-//--, Uberitas standing left, #2
avers:- IMP-CLAVDIVS-AVG, Bust right, radiate, cuirassed, (B1).
revers:- VBERTAS-AVG, Uberitas standing left, holding purse in right hand and cornucopiae in left hand, (Uberitas 1).
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 18-19mm, weight: 2,17g, axes: 0h,
mint: Siscia, iss-4, date: 270. A.D., ref: T-0761 (Estiot), RIC V-I 193, Alf. 1936, 5.11,
Q-001quadrans

104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0909 (Estiot), RIC V-I 233, Cyzicus, AE-Antoninianus, FORTVNA REDVX, -/-//SPQR, Fortuna standing left,104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0909 (Estiot), RIC V-I 233, Cyzicus, AE-Antoninianus, FORTVNA REDVX, -/-//SPQR, Fortuna standing left,
avers:- IMP-C-M-AVR-CLAVDIVS-AVG, Bust right, radiate, cuirassed and draped with paludamentum, seen from rear, (D2).
revers:- FORTVNA-REDVX, Fortuna standing left, holding rudder in right hand and cornucopiae in left hand, (Fortuna2).
exerg: -/-//SPQR, diameter: 21mm, weight: 3,84g, axes: 5h,
mint: Cyzicus, date: 269 A.D., ref: T-0909 (Estiot), RIC V-I 233,
Q-001quadrans

104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0946 (Estiot), RIC V-I 252, Cyzicus, AE-Antoninianus, VICTORIAE GOTHIC, -/-//SPQR, Trophy of arms, Rare!,104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0946 (Estiot), RIC V-I 252, Cyzicus, AE-Antoninianus, VICTORIAE GOTHIC, -/-//SPQR, Trophy of arms, Rare!,
avers:- IMP-CLAVDIVS-AVG, Bust right, radiate, cuirassed and draped with paludamentum, seen from rear, (D2).
revers:- VICTORIAE-GOTHIC, Trophy of arms (helmet l.); on each side, a bound and std. captive in oriental dress, (Trophy 1c).
exerg: -/-//SPQR, diameter: 22-23,5mm, weight: 4,74g, axes: 11h,
mint: Cyzicus, iss-3, Ph-2, date: 269-270 A.D., ref: T-0946 (Estiot), RIC V-I 252, Komin 1149, Rare!,
Q-001quadrans

104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0966 (Estiot), RIC V-I 254, Cyzicus, AE-Antoninianus, VIRTVS AVG, -/-//SPQR, Virtus standing left,104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0966 (Estiot), RIC V-I 254, Cyzicus, AE-Antoninianus, VIRTVS AVG, -/-//SPQR, Virtus standing left,
avers:- IMP-CLAVDIVS-P-F-AVG, Bust right, radiate, cuirassed and draped with paludamentum, seen from rear, (D2). Obverse mark: •••,
revers:- VIRTV-S-AVG, Virtus stg. l., holding shield which rests on ground in r. hand and spear in l. hand., (Virtus1).
exerg: -/-//SPQR, diameter: 21mm, weight: 3,84g, axes: 5h,
mint: Cyzicus, iss-3, Ph-2, off-3, date: 269-270 A.D., ref: T-0966 (Estiot), RIC V-I 254var, Alf:1938, 31.10,
Q-001quadrans

104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-1022 (Estiot), RIC V-I 104var., Antioch, AE-Antoninianus, IVVENTVS AVG, -/-//Δ, Hercules standing, facing, #1104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-1022 (Estiot), RIC V-I 104var., Antioch, AE-Antoninianus, IVVENTVS AVG, -/-//Δ, Hercules standing, facing, #1
avers: IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG, Bust right, radiate, cuirassed and draped with paludamentum, seen from rear, (D2).
revers: IVVENTVS AVG, Hercules standing, facing, head left, right hand leaning on club, and holding apple in left hand, lion's skin over left arm. (Hercules 4).
exergue: -/-//Δ, diameter: 19,0mm, weight: 4,08g, axes: h,
mint: Antioch, iss-1, off-4, date: 268-269 A.D.,
ref: T-1022 (Estiot), RIC V-I 213,
Q-0011 commentsquadrans

104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-1029 (Estiot), RIC V-I 215., Antioch, AE-Antoninianus, REGI ARTIG, -/-//Z, Vulcan standing right, #1104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-1029 (Estiot), RIC V-I 215., Antioch, AE-Antoninianus, REGI ARTIG, -/-//Z, Vulcan standing right, #1
avers: IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG, Bust right, radiate, cuirassed and draped with paludamentum, seen from the rear, (D2).
revers: REGI ARTIG (! G instead of S), Vulcan standing right, holding a hammer in right hand and pincers in the left hand. (Vulcan 1).
exergue: -/-//Z, diameter: 18,0-20,5mm, weight: 3,58g, axes: 0h,
mint: Antioch, iss-1, off-7, date: 268-269 A.D.,
ref: T-1029 (Estiot), RIC V-I 215,
Q-001quadrans

104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-1057var. (Estiot), RIC V-I 113var., Antioch, AE-Antoninianus, IVVENTVS AVG, -/-//--, Hercules standing, facing, #1104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-1057var. (Estiot), RIC V-I 113var., Antioch, AE-Antoninianus, IVVENTVS AVG, -/-//--, Hercules standing, facing, #1
avers:- IMP C CLAVD(I)VS AVG (Legends error I are missing), Bust left, radiate, with traces of drapery to front of truncation, one or two dot under the bust(!!!), (A2l).
revers:- IVVENTVS AVG, Hercules standing, facing, head left, right hand leaning on club, and holding apple in left hand, lion's skin over left arm, (Hercules 4).
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 20,0mm, weight: 3,01g, axes: 0h,
mint: Antioch, iss-3, off-4, date: 270 A.D., ref: T-1057var. (Estiot), RIC V-I 213,
Q-0011 commentsquadrans

104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-1276 (Estiot), RIC V-I 261, Rome, AE-Antoninianus, CONSECRATIO, -/-//--, Altar, 104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-1276 (Estiot), RIC V-I 261, Rome, AE-Antoninianus, CONSECRATIO, -/-//--, Altar,
avers: DIVO-CLAVDIO, Bust right, radiate. (A1).
revers: CONSECRATIO, Altar, with flame above, . (Altar ).
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 15-17mm, weight: 1,68g, axes: 7h,
mint: Rome, off-, iss-1, date: 270-271A.D., ref: T-1276, RIC V-I 261,
Q-001quadrans

104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-1278 (Estiot), RIC V-I 266, Rome, AE-Antoninianus, CONSECRATIO, -/-//--, Eagle standing left, #1104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-1278 (Estiot), RIC V-I 266, Rome, AE-Antoninianus, CONSECRATIO, -/-//--, Eagle standing left, #1
avers:- DIVO-CLAVDIO, Bust right, radiate. (A1).
revers:- CONSECRATIO, Eagle standing left, head turned right. (Eagle2).
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 21,5-22,5mm, weight: 2,99g, axes: 7h,
mint: Rome, iss-1, date: 270-271 A.D., ref: T-1278, RIC V-I 266,
Q-001quadrans

104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-1278 (Estiot), RIC V-I 266, Rome, AE-Antoninianus, CONSECRATIO, -/-//--, Eagle standing left, #2104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-1278 (Estiot), RIC V-I 266, Rome, AE-Antoninianus, CONSECRATIO, -/-//--, Eagle standing left, #2
avers:- DIVO-CLAVDIO, Bust right, radiate. (A1).
revers:- CONSECRATIO, Eagle standing left, head turned right. (Eagle2).
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 20,5-22mm, weight: 2,91g, axes: 7h,
mint: Rome, iss-1, date: 270-271 A.D., ref: T-1278, RIC V-I 266,
Q-002quadrans

104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-1298 (Estiot), RIC V-I 257var., Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, CONSAECRATIO, -/-//T, Altar,104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-1298 (Estiot), RIC V-I 257var., Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, CONSAECRATIO, -/-//T, Altar,
avers:- DIVO-CLAVDIO, Bust right, radiate, cuirassed, seen from rear. (B2).
revers:- CONSAECRATIO, Altar, with flame above, divided in four squares with a dot inside of each square. (Altar 1a).
exerg: -/-//T, diameter: 19-21mm, weight: 2,10g, axes: 6h,
mint: Siscia, off-3, iss-1, date: 270-271 A.D., ref: T-1298, RIC V-I 257var,
Q-001quadrans

104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-1299 (Estiot), RIC V-I 261corr., Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, CONSECRATIO, -/-//T, Altar, 104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-1299 (Estiot), RIC V-I 261corr., Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, CONSECRATIO, -/-//T, Altar,
avers:- DIVO-CLAVDIO, Bust right, radiate. (A1).
revers:- CONSECRATIO, Altar, with flame above, divided in four squares with a dot inside of each square. (Altar 1a).
exerg: -/-//T, diameter: 21-22mm, weight: 3,42g, axes: 6h,
mint: Siscia, off-3, iss-1, date: 270-271 A.D., ref: T-1299, RIC V-I 261corr.,
Q-001quadrans

104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-???? (Estiot), RIC V-I ???, Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, CONSECRATIO, -/-//--, Altar, 104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-???? (Estiot), RIC V-I ???, Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, CONSECRATIO, -/-//--, Altar,
avers:- DIVO-CLAVDIO, Bust right, radiate. (A1).
revers:- CONSECRATIO, Altar, with flame above, . (Altar ).
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 19-21mm, weight: 2,82g, axes: 0h,
mint: ???, off-, iss-, date: A.D., ref: T-, RIC V-I ,
Q-001quadrans

104p Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, Bi-Tetradrachm, G-, D-5411, LA//--, Tyche seated left, #1104p Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, Bi-Tetradrachm, G-, D-5411, LA//--, Tyche seated left, #1
avers: AVT K KΛAVΔIOC CEB, Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: LA above, Tyche reclining left on draped and garlanded couch, holding the rudder in right hand.
exergue: LA//--, diameter: 20-20,5mm, weight: 9,26g, axes: 0h,
mint: Alexandria, date: 268-269 A.D., Year 1. LA., ref: Geissen-, Dattari-5411, Kapmann-Ganschow-104.14-p-328,
Q-001quadrans

104p Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3015, D-5414, -/LA//--, Eagle standing right, #1104p Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3015, D-5414, -/LA//--, Eagle standing right, #1
avers: AVT K KΛAVΔIOC CEB, Laureate, draped bust right.
reverse: Eagle standing right, head left with wreath in its beak, LA in the left field.
exergue: -/LA//--, diameter: 21,0-22,5mm, weight: 8,54g, axes: 0h,
mint: Alexandria, date: 268-269 A.D., Year 1. LA., ref: Geissen- 3015, Dattari-5414, Kapmann-Ganschow-104.01-p-327,
Q-0011 commentsquadrans

104p Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3015v., D-5414v., -/LA//--, Eagle standing right, #1104p Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3015v., D-5414v., -/LA//--, Eagle standing right, #1, #1
avers: AVT K KΛAVΔIOC CEB, Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right. (Bust variation!)
reverse: Eagle standing right, head left with wreath in its beak, LA in the left field.
exergue: -/LA//--, diameter: 21,5mm, weight: 10,35g, axes: 11h,
mint: Alexandria, date: 268-269 A.D., Year 1. LA., ref: Geissen- 3015v., Dattari-5414v., Kapmann-Ganschow-104.01v.-p-327,
Q-0011 commentsquadrans

104p Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3027, D-5415, L/B//--, Eagle standing right, #1104p Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3027, D-5415, L/B//--, Eagle standing right, #1
avers: AVT K KΛAVΔIOC CEB, Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: Eagle standing right, head left with wreath in its beak, L-B across the field,
exergue: L/B//--, diameter: 21-22mm, weight: 11,21g, axes: 11 h,
mint: Alexandria, date: 269-270 A.D., Year 2. L-B., ref: Geissen- 3027, Dattari-5415, Kapmann-Ganschow-104.17-p-328,
Q-001quadrans

104p Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3028, D-5417, L/B//--, Eagle standing left, #1104p Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3028, D-5417, L/B//--, Eagle standing left, #1
avers: AVT K KΛAVΔIOC CEB, Laureate and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: Eagle standing left, head right with wreath in its beak, L-B across the field,
exergue: L/B//--, diameter: 21-21,5mm, weight: 9,02g, axes: 0 h,
mint: Alexandria, date: 269-270 A.D., Year 2. L-B., ref: Geissen- 3028, Dattari-5418, Kapmann-Ganschow-104.16-p-328, Milne 4248, Curtis 1683, BMC-Alexandria 2333,
Q-001quadrans

104p Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3037-3038, D-5392-5393, LB/-//--, Bust of Hermanubis right, #1104p Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3037-3038, D-5392-5393, LB/-//--, Bust of Hermanubis right, #1
avers: AVT K KΛAVΔIOC CEB, Laureate, cuirassed bust right.
reverse: Bust of Hermanubis right, wearing modius, lotus blossom to right, LB to left.
exergue: LB/-//--, diameter: 21mm, weight: 9,5g, axes: 0 h,
mint: Alexandria, date: 269-270 A.D., Year 2. LB., ref: Geissen- 3037-3038, Dattari-5392-5393, Kapmann-Ganschow-104.25-p-329,
Q-001quadrans

104p Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3041, D-5402, -/LB//--, Nike advancing right, #1104p Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3041, D-5402, -/LB//--, Nike advancing right, #1
avers: AVT K KΛAVΔIOC CEB, Laureate and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: Nike advancing right, holding wreath and palm, year LB in right field.
exergue: -/LB//--, diameter: 20,0mm, weight: 10,76g, axes: h,
mint: Egypt, Alexandria, date: 269-270 A.D., Year 2. LB., ref: Milne 4235, Giessen-3041, Dattari-5402, Kapmann-Ganschow-104.29-p-329,
Q-001quadrans

133. Claudius II Gothicus (268-270 A.D.)Av.: IMP CLAVDIVS PF AVG
Rv.: VICTORIA AVG
Ex.: S

AE Antoninian Ø20 / 3,5g
RIC V-1 171 Milan, Cohen 302, Sear5 11379

Claudio II il Gotico, Salbris hoard, Boyd coll R/AEQVITAS AVGClaudius II (268-270 d.C.)
AE Antoninianus, gr. 3,1, mm 20, qBB
D/ IMP CLAVDIVS AVG, busto radiato, corazzato e drappeggiato a dx
R/ AEQVITAS AVG, Equità stante a sin., regge bilancia e cornucopia
RIC15 var, Cohen 10.
Nota: potrebbe essere anche RIC14 var o not in RIC. Il RIC15 non contempla il drappeggiamento dell'imperatore sul D/, la legenda del RIC14 è IMP C CLAUDIVS AVG, mentre quella di questa moneta è IMP CLAVDIVS AVG
Provenienza: collezione Berardengo, Roma Italia (2 dicembre 2009, numero archivio 5), ex W.C. Boyd collection (1842-1906). Acquisita dallo stesso Boyd dal Salbris hoard (Francia) probabilmente nel 1902, ex Baldwin auction 42 2005 lotto 650, ex Lee Toone collection (Aberford, Leeds Uk) fino al 2009. paolo

ClaudiusClaudius II Gothicus (268-270 CE)
Radiate bust of Claudius II, right/Felicitas standing, left, holding caduceus and cornucopiae (obscured)
RIC 32, Cohen 79, Sear5 1131
AE AntoninianusBelisarius

Claudius II AE Antoninianus, (268-270 AD), Rome mintRoman Imperial, Claudius II AE Antoninianus, (268-270 AD), Rome mint, 2.3g, 19mm, 7h

Obverse: IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right.

Reverse: LIBERALITAS AVG, Liberalitas standing left, holding coin counter and cornucopiae.

Reference: RIC V-1 57, Cohen 144; Sear5 11348.
Gil-galad

Claudius II Gothicus (Marcus Aurelius Claudius) (268-270 A.D.)RIC V-1 261, Sear 11462, Van Meter 44/1

BI Antoninianus, 2.50 g., 16.58 mm. max., 0°

Milan mint, struck posthumously in 270 A.D. under Quintillus and/or Aurelian

Obv: DIVO CLAVDIO, radiate head right.

Rev: CO[NSECR]ATIO, altar with flames above, front divided into four sections with dot in each section

RIC rarity C, Van Meter VB2.Stkp

Claudius II Gothicus 268 - 270 A.D.EGYPT. Alexandria. Claudius II Gothicus (268-270). BI Tetradrachm. 23 - 25.5mm. 7.42g. Dated L-Γ, Year 3 = 270 A.D. Obv: AYT K KΛAYΔIOC CEB. Obv: Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right. Rev: L-Γ. Eagle standing right, head left, holding wreath in beak. Emmett 3878. Curtis 1687, BMC 2336.ddwau

Claudius II Gothicus AE Antoninianus, (268-270 AD), Rome mintRoman Imperial, Claudius II Gothicus AE Antoninianus, (268-270 AD), Rome mint, 3.2g, 19.0mm, 12h

Obverse: IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right.

Reverse: AEQVITAS AVG, Aequitas standing left holding scales and cornucopiae.

Reference: RIC V-1 14,; Cohen 6-7.
Gil-galad

Claudius II Gothicus AE Antoninianus, (268-270 AD), Rome mintRoman Imperial, Claudius II Gothicus AE Antoninianus, (268-270 AD), Rome mint, 3.1g, 17.5mm, 11h

Obverse: IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right.

Reverse: AEQVITAS AVG, Aequitas standing left holding scales and cornucopiae.

Reference: RIC V-1 14,; Cohen 6-7.
Gil-galad

Claudius II Gothicus AE Antoninianus, (268-270 AD), Rome mintRoman Imperial, Claudius II Gothicus AE Antoninianus, (268-270 AD), Rome mint, 1.9g, 21.0mm, 12h

Obverse: IMP CLAVDIVS AVG, Radiate, head right.

Reverse: AEQVITAS AVG, Aequitas standing left holding scales and cornucopiae, S right.

Reference: RIC V-1 14,; Cohen 6-7
Gil-galad

Claudius II Gothicus AE Antoninianus, 268-270 ADRoman Imperial, Claudius II Gothicus AE Antoninianus, (268-270 AD), 4.1g, 19mm

Obverse: IMP CLAVDIVS AVG. Radiate, cuirassed, draped bust right.

Reverse: SPES AVG. Spes walking left, holding flower and raising hem of robe.

Reference: RIC 191

Ex: Bing
Gil-galad

Claudius II Gothicus AE Antoninianus, 268-270 AD, AntiochRoman Imperial, Claudius II Gothicus AE Antoninianus, (268-270 AD), Antioch mint, 3.8g, 20mm

Obverse: IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG, Radiate head left.

Reverse: AEQVITAS AVG, Aequitas standing left holding scales and cornucopia.

Reference: RIC V-1 197

Ex: ECIN
Gil-galad

Claudius II Gothicus antoninianus(268-270 CE)

Obverse: DIVO CLAVDIO, radiate head right
Reverse: CONSECRATIO, altar enclosure with flames rising from top, horns visible on either side

Rome mintPericles J2

Claudius II Gothicus, Antiochia mint, R/NEPTVN AVG (Braithwell hoard)Claudio il Gotico (268-270 d.C.), zecca di Antiochia, ex Braithwell hoard
AE, 2.53 gr.,19 mm, BB (VF)
D/ IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG, busto radiato a dx
R/ NEPTVN AVG, Nettuno stante a sx. con delfino e tridente, B in ex
RIC 214; Cohen 183, Braithwell Report #128 (questa moneta)
Provenienza: collezione Berardengo, Roma Italia (3 novembre 2008, numero catalogo 23), ex Antony Wilson collection (Yorkcoins, London-New York, 2007), ex CNG auction 176 (London, 2007), ex Braithwell hoard (Braithwell, South Yorkshire Uk, 2002).paolo

Claudius II Gothicus, Antoninianus, Pax AeternaClaudius II Gothicus (268-270).

Antoninianus. Cyzicus.

Obv: IMP CLAVDIVS AVG. Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: PAX AETERNA / SPQR. Pax standing left, holding branch and sceptre.
RIC online 961

Weight: 3.5 g.
Diameter: 22 mm.

Sold to an Italian collector (November, 2019)
Jose Polanco

Claudius II Gothicus, Roma mint, R/ ANNONA AVG (Braithwell hoard)Claudio II il Gotico (268-270 d.C.), antoniniano, zecca di Roma
Æ, 3.07gr., 24,0 mm; B (F-)
D/ IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG, busto radiato e drappeggiato a dx
R/ ANNONA AVG, Annona stante a sx, piede su una prora, cereali alle orecchie e cornucopia
RIC 18; Cohen 21, Braithwell Report #75 (questa moneta)
Provenienza: collezione Berardengo, Roma Italia (19 aprile 2008, numero catalogo 44), ex Antony Wilson collection (Yorkcoins, London-New York, 2007), ex CNG auction 176 (London, 2007, nel lotto 338), ex Braithwell hoard (Braithwell, South Yorkshire Uk, 2002).paolo

Egypt, Alexandria, 104 Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Bi-Tetradrachm, G-, D-5411, LA//--, Tyche seated left, #1Egypt, Alexandria, 104 Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Bi-Tetradrachm, G-, D-5411, LA//--, Tyche seated left, #1
avers: AVT K KΛAVΔIOC CEB, Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: LA above, Tyche reclining left on draped and garlanded couch, holding the rudder in right hand.
exergue: LA//--, diameter: 20-20,5mm, weight: 9,26g, axes: 0h,
mint: Egypt, Alexandria, date: 268-269 A.D., Year 1. LA., ref: Geissen-, Dattari-5411, Kapmann-Ganschow-104.14-p-328,
Q-001quadrans

Egypt, Alexandria, 104 Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3015, D-5414, -/LA//--, Eagle standing right, #1Egypt, Alexandria, 104 Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3015, D-5414, -/LA//--, Eagle standing right, #1
avers: AVT K KΛAVΔIOC CEB, Laureate, draped bust right.
reverse: Eagle standing right, head left with wreath in its beak, LA in the left field.
exergue: -/LA//--, diameter: 21,0-22,5mm, weight: 8,54g, axes: 0h,
mint: Egypt, Alexandria, date: 268-269 A.D., Year 1. LA., ref: Geissen- 3015, Dattari-5414, Kapmann-Ganschow-104.01-p-327,
Q-001quadrans

Egypt, Alexandria, 104 Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3015v., D-5414v., -/LA//--, Eagle standing right, #1Egypt, Alexandria, 104 Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3015v., D-5414v., -/LA//--, Eagle standing right, #1
avers: AVT K KΛAVΔIOC CEB, Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right. (Bust variation!)
reverse: Eagle standing right, head left with wreath in its beak, LA in the left field.
exergue: -/LA//--, diameter: 21,5mm, weight: 10,35g, axes: 11h,
mint: Egypt, Alexandria, date: 268-269 A.D., Year 1. LA., ref: Geissen- 3015v., Dattari-5414v., Kapmann-Ganschow-104.01v.-p-327,
Q-001quadrans

Egypt, Alexandria, 104 Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3027, D-5415, L/B//--, Eagle standing right, #1Egypt, Alexandria, 104 Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3027, D-5415, L/B//--, Eagle standing right, #1
avers: AVT K KΛAVΔIOC CEB, Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: Eagle standing right, head left with wreath in its beak, L-B across the field,
exergue: L/B//--, diameter: 21-22mm, weight: 11,21g, axes: 11 h,
mint: Egypt, Alexandria, date: 269-270 A.D., Year 2. L-B., ref: Geissen- 3027, Dattari-5415, Kapmann-Ganschow-104.17-p-328,
Q-001quadrans

Egypt, Alexandria, 104 Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3028, D-5417, L/B//--, Eagle standing left, #1Egypt, Alexandria, 104 Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3028, D-5417, L/B//--, Eagle standing left, #1
avers: AVT K KΛAVΔIOC CEB, Laureate and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: Eagle standing left, head right with wreath in its beak, L-B across the field,
exergue: L/B//--, diameter: 21-21,5mm, weight: 9,02g, axes: 0 h,
mint: Egypt, Alexandria, date: 269-270 A.D., Year 2. L-B., ref: Geissen- 3028, Dattari-5418, Kapmann-Ganschow-104.16-p-328, Milne 4248, Curtis 1683, BMC-Alexandria 2333,
Q-001quadrans

Egypt, Alexandria, 104 Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3037-3038, D-5392-5393, LB/-//--, Bust of Hermanubis right, #1Egypt, Alexandria, 104 Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3037-3038, D-5392-5393, LB/-//--, Bust of Hermanubis right, #1
avers: AVT K KΛAVΔIOC CEB, Laureate, cuirassed bust right.
reverse: Bust of Hermanubis right, wearing modius, lotus blossom to right, LB to left.
exergue: LB/-//--, diameter: 21mm, weight: 9,5g, axes: 0 h,
mint: Egypt, Alexandria, date: 269-270 A.D., Year 2. LB., ref: Geissen- 3037-3038, Dattari-5392-5393, Kapmann-Ganschow-104.25-p-329,
Q-001quadrans

Egypt, Alexandria, 104 Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3041, D-5402, -/LB//--, Nike advancing right, #1Egypt, Alexandria, 104 Claudius-II. Gothicus (268-270 A.D.), Bi-Tetradrachm, G-3041, D-5402, -/LB//--, Nike advancing right, #1
avers: AVT K KΛAVΔIOC CEB, Laureate and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: Nike advancing right, holding wreath and palm, year LB in right field.
exergue: -/LB//--, diameter: 20,0mm, weight: 10,76g, axes: h,
mint: Egypt, Alexandria, date: 269-270 A.D., Year 2. LB., ref: Milne 4235, Giessen-3041, Dattari-5402, Kapmann-Ganschow-104.29-p-329,
Q-001quadrans

GALLIC EMPIRE/ROME - VICTORINUSGALLIC EMPIRE/ROME - VICTORINUS (268-270 AD) Antoninianus. Obv.: Radiate bust right; IMP C PIAV VICTORINVS PF AVG Rev.: Pax standing left holding olive branch & sceptre; V in left field; star in right field. Cologne Mint. Reference: RIC V-2 Cologne 117.1 commentsdpaul7

GALLIC EMPIRE/ROME - VICTORINUSGALLIC EMPIRE/ROME - VICTORINUS (268-270 AD) AE Antoninianus. Obv.: Radiate, draped, cuirassed bust right. IMP C VICTORINVS dot P dot F dot AVG Rev.: Sol running left holding a whip, right hand raised, chlams drawn in two folds. Star in left field. INVICTVS Reference: Cunetio hoard 2539, Elmer 683.dpaul7

IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG / MARS VLTOR antoninianus (268-270 A.D.) Obv.: [IM]P C CLAVDIVS AVG, radiate cuirassed bust of Claudius right, both ribbons behind.

Rev.: MARS [VLTO]R, Mars, walking right, naked except for helmet and some flowing drapery left and right, holding spear transverse in right hand and trophy in left hand.

d oval 16-19+mm, 2.41g, die axis 1h (medal alignment), material: bronze/copper-based alloy supposedly with some silver.

Authority and portrait: Claudius II Gothicus (reign 268-270). Mint: Rome.

IMP = Imperator (Commander-in-Chief), C = Caesar, AVG = Augustus. MARS VLTOR = Mars the Avenger or the Punisher. An important aspect of some Roman deities was their ability to avenge for injuries received by Roman people, this applies especially to their main warlike gods, Jupiter and Mars. So in times of troubles, like the crisis of the 3d century, we often see references to Jupiter or Mars Ultor. High-crested Corinthian helmet and a spear are common attributes of Mars. In this case he also carries a trophy (tropaeum). Trophies, equally by the Romans and the Greeks, were esteemed as the rewards and insignia of victories. In the earlier ages they consisted simply of a trunk of a tree or long pole, to which a little below the top another piece of wood was fastened crosswise, and set up on the field of battle immediately after a victory; this was adorned with spoils, or the armor of the vanquished, customarily a cuirass, a helmet, and a buckler.

RIC V-1 Rome 66; Cohen 160; Sear 11350.

ID straightforward. The bust in all examples is cuirassed with both ribbons behind, but catalogues mention usual bust variations. There may be a mintmark in right or, rarely, left field, H/"N"/"II", all probably designating Greek letter eta, i.e. officina 8. The size in many examples is 20mm or more.

A close type, RIC 67 has IMP CL... in the obverse legend instead of IMP C CL..., but here we clearly see IMP C CL...
Yurii P

IMP CLAVDIVS AVG / VBERITAS AVG antoninianus (268-270 A.D.) Obv.: [IMP CLAV]DIVS AV[G], radiate cuirassed? bust of Claudius right, both ribbons behind?

Rev.: VBER[ITAS A]VG, Uberitas, pregnant, draped, standing left, holding marsupium (purse) (or bunch of grapes, or cow's udder) in right hand and cornucopiae in left hand.

d irregular 15-18mm, 2.15g, die axis 11h (medal alignment), material: bronze/copper-based alloy supposedly with some silver.

Authority and portrait: Claudius II Gothicus (reign 268-270). Mint: Siscia, Pannonia.

AVG = Augustus. VBERITAS AVG(usti)= the Fertility of the Emperor. Uberitas or Ubertas is a Roman goddess (or allegorical figure, which in this period of Roman culture is difficult to distinguish) of fertility and profitability, introduced by emperor Decius in 249 A.D. Its attributes are the cornucopia (the Horn of Plenty, traditional Roman symbol of abundance) and another object, that she usually holds in her right hand and on coins it is depicted as a triangle. When we look at well preserved coins of Decius, who introduced Uberitas, e. g. in British museum (see link below), this object is clearly a marsupium, money purse. But later this object changes its shape, one can see three protrusions at the bottom of it. This is interpreted either as a bunch of grapes or a cow's udder, both also meaning plentiful bounty. Epsilon probably means officina 5.

RIC V-1 Siscia 193; Cohen 286; Sear 11376.

ID straightforward if we believe that there are no field marks, which seems to be the case. If there were a right field mark X, this would have been type RIC V-1 Rome 103, with reverse legend VBERTAS AVG. Field marks Q and T are often encountered in Sisica type. Variation for obverse include bare or cuirassed bust and a slightly different legend: IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG. Most coins are 18-19mm, but there are some larger 21mm types.Yurii P

IMP CLAVDIVS P F AVG / PAX AVG antoninianus (268-270 A.D.) Obv.: IMP CLAVDIVS P F AVG, radiate draped and cuirassed? bust of Claudius right, both ribbons behind.

Rev.: PAX AVG, Pax, draped, walking left, holding olive-branch in right hand and scepter transverse in left hand. T in exergue.

d oval 18-19mm, 3.61g, die axis 12h (medal alignment), material: bronze/copper-based alloy supposedly with some silver.

Authority and portrait: Claudius II Gothicus (reign 268-270). Mint: Mediolanum (Milan).

P F AVG = Pius Felix Augustus = the pius (dutiful) and fortunate (happy) emperor. PAX AVG(usti)= the Peace of the Augustus. Pax or Eirene (Εἰρήνη) is one of the Horae, three goddesses of natural order, in the later versions they were Order, Justice and Peace. Olive branch was considered a symbol of peace, probably derived from Greek tradition of approaching gods and persons of power with this sign. Scepters, often two to three foot ivory rods topped with a globe or an eagle, were introduced by Augustus as a symbol of Rome's power. They would be carried by emperors while riding in chariots to celebrate military victories. Thus a scepter is a symbol of emperor's leadership and victory, and underlines the military background of Pax Romana, the established peace of the Empire. T probably means officina 3.

RIC V-1 Milan 157; Sear 11356.

ID straightforward. Variations of this type are minimal. If the bust is described as draped and/or cuirassed is more about the design interpretation than actual difference, the examples look much more alike than for Gallienus coins. The mintmark may be missing, or Г instead of T (still representing the 3d officina of Mediolanum). Size is mostly close to 19mm.Yurii P

Mount error, 104 Claudius II. (268-270 AD.) T-0326 , Roma, AE-Antoninianvs, GENIVS AVG, Genius standing left, Curious rotated or flipped double strikes, Error-coin! #1Mount error, 104 Claudius II. (268-270 AD.) T-0326 , Roma, AE-Antoninianvs, GENIVS AVG, Genius standing left, Curious rotated or flipped double strikes, Error-coin! #1
avers: IMP CLAVDIVS AVG, Radiate head right.
reverse: GENIVS AVG, Genius standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding cornucopia, "Γ" in right field.
exergue: -/Γ//--, diameter: 20,0-21,0mm, weight: 2,21g, axis: h,
mint: Rome, iss 2, off 3, date: 270 A.D.,
ref: RIC V-I 46k, T-326, C-109,
Q-001quadrans

Mount error, 104 Claudius II. (268-270 AD.) T-0326 , Roma, AE-Antoninianvs, GENIVS AVG, Genius standing left, Curious rotated or flipped double strikes, Error-coin! #1Mount error, 104 Claudius II. (268-270 AD.) T-0326 , Roma, AE-Antoninianvs, GENIVS AVG, Genius standing left, Curious rotated or flipped double strikes, Error-coin! #1
avers: IMP CLAVDIVS AVG, Radiate head right.
reverse: GENIVS AVG, Genius standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding cornucopia, Gamma in right field.
exergue: -/Γ//--, diameter: 20,0-21,0mm, weight: 2,21g, axis: h,
mint: Rome, iss. 2, off. 3, date: 270 A.D.,
ref: RIC V-I 46k, T-326, C-109,
Q-001quadrans

Quintillus - ANNONA AVGQuintillus, ANNONA AVG
Rome mint
August to November 270

IMP C M AVR CL QVINTILLVS AVG, Radiate draped and cuirassed bust right.
ANNONA AVG, Annona standing left, right foot on prow, holding grain ears and cornucopia.

MIR 47: 100/3 (cc)

2.6 g; 17x18 mm; 6h.

This type does not appear for Quintillus in either the original RIC V/1 or on the MER-RIC V1/2 Online site (though it has now been submitted). However, it does appear in Gobl’s MIR 47 (Moneta Imperii Romani Die Munzpragung des Kaisers AURELIANUS (270/275) which does include some of Quintillus’ coinage. The type was struck at Rome by Claudius throughout his reign (268-270) so its continuation under Quintillus is natural.

From a Spanish uncleaned lot.
SC

Quintillus - FELICITAS AVGQuintillus, FELICITAS AVG
Rome mint
August to November 270

IMP C M AVR CL QVINTILLVS AVG, Radiate draped and cuirassed bust right.
FELICITAS AVG, Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopia.

Unlisted.

2.6 g; 17x18 mm dia; 6h.

This type does not appear for Quintillus in either the original RIC V/1, the MER-RIC V1/2 Online site (though it has now been submitted), or Gobl’s MIR 47. However, enough of the reverse legend [-ELICI—S AV-] can be made out to be sure of the reading. The type was struck at Rome by Claudius throughout his reign (268-270) so its continuation under Quintillus is natural.

From an Austrian uncleaned lot.

SC

ROMAN EMPIRE - CLAUDIUS II GOTHICUSROMAN EMPIRE - CLAUDIUS II GOTHICUS (268-270) "MARS VLTOR" AE Antoninianus Obv: IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG - Radiate bust right, draped. Rev: MARS VLTOR – Mars advancing right, holding trophy and spear. Mint: Rome. RIC VI 66; , 3.25 g.
1 commentsdpaul7

ROMAN EMPIRE - CLAUDIUS II GOTHICUSROMAN EMPIRE - CLAUDIUS II GOTHICUS (268-270 AD) AE Antoninianus. Obv.: Radiate bust right; IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG. Rev.: Soldier standing left holding branch & spear; shield at foot. VIRTVS AVG. Rome mint. Reference: RIC V-1, 109 Rome.dpaul7

ROMAN EMPIRE - Claudius II GothicusROMAN EMPIRE - Claudius II Gothicus (268-270 AD) AE Antoninianus. Rome MINT, 269 AD. Obv.: IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG, radiate draped bust right. Rev.: GENIVS EXERCI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae. ; Weight: 2,5g, Diameter: 22 mm; NOTE: Detector-Find from Portugal. References: Sear5 11340, RIC 48.dpaul7

ROMAN EMPIRE - Claudius II GothicusROMAN EMPIRE - Claudius II Gothicus (268-270 AD) AE antoninianus. Rome mint, AD 268-270. Obv.: IMP CLAVDIVS AVG, Radiate head right. Rev.: Legend should read FIDES EXERCI - note: Mis-spelling [EXNRCI] Fides standing left, holding one standard upright and the other transverse. Reference: RIC 35 vardpaul7

Roman Imperial: Claudius II Gothicus (268-270 CE) Æ Antoniniani, Cyzicus (RIC Online 982; RIC 230)Obv: IMP CLAVDIVS P F AVG; Bust right, radiate, cuirassed
Rev: FIDES MILITVM; Fides standing left, holding standard in right hand and long transverse scepter in left hand

Extremely rare with this bust; third known specimen
Quant.Geek

Roman Imperial: Claudius II Gothicus (268-270 CE) Æ Antoniniani, Rome (RIC Online 106)Obv: IMP C M AVR CLAVDIVS P F AVG; Bust right, radiate, cuirassed and draped with paludamentum, seen from rear
Rev: PROVIDENT AVG; Providentia standing left, holding baton in right hand and cornucopiae in left hand, with left elbow leaning on column; at feet to left globe

Classified as RareQuant.Geek

Roman Imperial: Claudius II Gothicus (268-270 CE) Æ Antoninianus, Antioch Obv: IMP C M AVR CLAVDIVS P F AVG; radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right
Rev: SALVS AVG; Isis standing left, holding sistrum and bucket
Quant.Geek

Roman Imperial: Divus Claudius II Gothicus (268-270 CE) Æ Fractional Follis, Thessalonica (RIC VII 26)Obv: DIVO CLAVDIO OPTIMO IMP; laureate and veiled head right
Rev: REQVIES OPTIM-ORVM MERITORVM; Divus Claudius seated left on curule chair, raising hand and holding scepter; •TS•Î“• in exergue

Quant.Geek

Victorinus, Colonia Agrippina (?) mint, R/ SALVS AVG (Braithwell hoard)Vittorino (268-270 d.C.), antoniniano. Zecca di Colonia Agrippensis(?), prob. 270 d.C.
AE, 1.77gr., 16,0 mm, BB (VF)
D/ IMP C VICTORINVS P F AVG, busto radiato e corazzato a dx.
R/ SALVS AVG Salus stante a sinistra con scettro nella mano sinistra, nutre un serpente che sorge da un altare a sin.
RIC V [2] 71; Cohen 118; Sear 11181; Braithwell Report #159 (41 esemplari nell' hoard)
Provenienza: collezione Berardengo, Roma Italia (15 aprile 2008, numero catalogo 43), ex Antony Wilson collection (Yorkcoins, London-New York, 2007), ex CNG auction 176 (London, 2007, nel lotto 338), ex Braithwell hoard (Braithwell, South Yorkshire Uk, 2002).1 commentspaolo

[1114a] Claudius II Gothicus, September 268 - August or September 270 A.D.Silvered antoninianus, RIC V 197 var (pellet in exergue), aEF, 3.880g, 21.1mm, 0o, Antioch mint, 268 - 270 A.D.; Obverse: IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right; Reverse: AEQVITAS AVG, Aequitas standing left, scales in right, cornucopia in left, • in exergue; full silvering, bold strike, excellent centering and eastern style, rare this nice; rare variety. Ex FORVM.

De Imperatoribus Romanis
An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors

Claudius II Gothicus (268-270)

Richard D. Weigel
Western Kentucky University

M. Aurelius Claudius, known to history as Claudius Gothicus or Claudius II, was born in either Dalmatia or Illyria on May 10, probably in A.D. 213 or 214. Although the most substantive source on Claudius is the biography in the Scriptores Historiae Augustae (SHA), this account is riddled with fabrications and slanted with fawning praise for this particular emperor, who in the fourth century was viewed as an ancestor of Constantine's father and thus of the ruling imperial family. This biography, attributed to one Trebellius Pollio, must be read with extreme caution and supplemented with information from other sources, including Aurelius Victor, the Epitome de Caesaribus, Eutropius, Orosius, Zonaras, and Zosimus, as well as coins and inscriptions.

The SHA account describes Claudius as being tall, with fiery eyes, and so strong that he could knock out the teeth of man or beast with one punch. It also says that Trajan Decius rewarded him after Claudius demonstrated his strength while wrestling another soldier in the Campus Martius. The SHA author suggests that Claudius may have been descended from the Trojan King Ilus and even from Dardanus, son of Zeus and ancestor of the Trojan royal family, but these suggestions are very likely fabricated to further ennoble Claudius and his putative descendants, the family of Constantine. The SHA biography also includes false letters attributed to the emperors Trajan Decius, Valerian, and Gallienus, all attesting to their high opinions of Claudius. Reference is made in these letters to Claudius' service as tribune in an otherwise unattested legion V Martialis and also as general in command of Illyria, but these positions may also be fictitious. One can assume that Claudius had served for some time in the army, at least under Gallienus and perhaps also under several earlier emperors.

There is some evidence that Claudius was wounded in Gallienus' campaign to put down the revolt of Ingenuus and that he later served with Aureolus under Gallienus in the war with Postumus. By 268, when Gallienus took his troops into Italy to put down Aureolus' revolt, Claudius had emerged as heir-apparent to Gallienus and may also have been involved in the plot to assassinate the emperor. Aurelius Victor says that when Gallienus was killed by his own troops besieging Aureolus in Milan, Claudius as tribune was commanding the soldiers stationed at Ticinum, some twenty miles to the south, and that prior to dying Gallienus designated Claudius as his heir. Victor goes on to claim that after succeeding to the purple Claudius forced the Senate to deify Gallienus. The SHA account states that the soldiers mutinied after Gallienus' death and had to be quieted with a donative of twenty aurei each before settling down and accepting their new emperor. Once in power, Claudius quickly dealt with Aureolus, who surrendered and was killed almost immediately. The new emperor also demanded clemency for the supporters of Gallienus.

The story of Gallienus' deathbed selection of his successor is doubtful at best and is very likely an attempt to deflect blame for the assassination plot from Claudius. The suggestion that the new emperor pressured the Senate to deify Gallienus is more difficult to assess. It is true that securing divine status for one's predecessor is generally seen as a pious act (e.g. Antoninus Pius requesting deification of Hadrian) that reflects positively on the initiator and the story, recorded only in Aurelius Victor, could just be a fabrication used to build up Claudius' moral reputation. What is difficult to penetrate is the biased condemnation of Gallienus that particularly dominates the Latin sources. They make it hard to see why anyone would want to deify Gallienus and so the story seems out of place. However, deification of a predecessor could also be interpreted as the expected thing to do and the act could have fostered legitimacy of the new emperor and gained support from those who were still loyal to Gallienus so it may well have taken place.

The first major challenge facing the new emperor was that of the Alemanni, who had invaded Raetia and Italy. After an early defeat, Claudius replaced some irresponsible officers and soldiers, designated Aurelian as cavalry commander, and led the army to a decisive victory over the Alemanni. This victory earned Claudius the title of Germanicus Maximus and several of his coin-types appear to refer to victory over the Germans.

In 269 Claudius served as consul with Paternus. This year would also feature his major campaign against the Goths. There are indications that Spain separated itself from the Gallo-Roman Empire of Postumus and Tetricus and recognized Claudius, at least nominally, as emperor. In addition, rebellion within Gaul itself demonstrated the weakening of this independent state, although Claudius avoided engagement at Augustodunum and chose only to send a small force to protect Narbonese Gaul. While Claudius concentrated on protecting Roman territory against the Alemanni and Goths, Zenobia extended her Palmyrene Empire by taking Antioch, parts of Asia Minor, and most of Egypt. Although Eusebius and Sulpicius Severus portray the period between the reign of Valerian and that of Diocletian as a peaceful pause in the persecution of Christians, the Acts of the Martyrs does list some individuals allegedly martyred during Claudius II's reign.

The coins issued by Claudius II provide some limited insight into his reign. In addition to the standard "personified virtues" coins that are common with most emperors of the second and third centuries, Claudius struck coin-types proclaiming the security of the Empire (SECVRITAS PERPETVA and PAX AETERNA), the fidelity of the army (FIDES MILITVM), and military victories over the Germans and Goths (VICTORIA GERMAN and VICTORIAE GOTHIC). In addition, Claudius Gothicus' mints struck some other interesting and unusual coin-types. For example, Claudius is one of very few emperors who issued coins portraying the god Vulcan. These must have been limited issues because they are struck only by the Antioch mint and are very rare. The type shows Vulcan standing, with his special tools, the hammer and tongs, and features the unique inscription REGI ARTIS. A variant type with a similar image has been described as carrying another unique coin inscription, DEO CABIRO, and interpreted as depicting one of Vulcan's sons, the Cabiri, with the same tools. However, the existence of this variant type is doubtful. Although the reason for honoring Vulcan (and his sons?) with these coins is unclear, there may be a connection to the fact that the Cabiri were patron gods of Thessalonica who had protected that city against an attack by the Goths. Although a connection between Claudius Gothicus and the Cabiri as defenders against Gothic attacks is relatively attractive, it is weakened somewhat by the fact that Valerian and Gallienus had also issued coins with Vulcan in a temple so there may be some other reason for his reappearance on coins in this period.

Claudius II issued an unusual and scarce series of coins that features a pair of deities, who are presumably conservatores Augusti, on each reverse. The AETER AVG type depicts Apollo and Diana, who, as gods of the sun and moon, are associated with the concept of aeternitas. A type featuring Serapis and Isis is combined with a CONSER AVG inscription and one of Hercules and Minerva with one of CONSERVATORES AVG. Apollo and Diana are depicted with a SALVS AVG inscription, Aesculapius and Salus with one of SPES PVBLIC, and Vulcan and Minerva with VIRT AVG. The general message is that these deities will protect the future of the empire and the emperor.

Other unusual coin-types include MARS VLTOR, the god Augustus had honored with a temple for securing revenge for Caesar's assassination. This deity had appeared on Roman coins in the reigns of Galba and Severus Alexander. Claudius II also minted coins with rarely-seen NEPTVN AVG [see this reverse type in my collection] and SOL AVG types. The latter coin indicates some early interest in the god who would become so dominant a few years later on the coins of Aurelian, yet Claudius also used the INVICTVS AVG inscription that Gallienus had paired with an image of Sol with one of Hercules. ROMAE AETERNAE coin-types were fairly common in the mid-third century, but Claudius II issued an unusual variant type on an aureus that showed the goddess in her temple and echoed the SAECVLVM NOVVM images associated with Philip I. In addition, Claudius introduced a IOVI VICTORI reverse combined with the image normally paired with a IOVI STATORI inscription and a IOVI FVLGERAT reverse inscription, both of which had not been used by any of his predecessors. Andreas Alföldi suggested that Claudius' GENIVS SENATVS type signified improvement of the relationship between emperor and Senate following the senatorial hostility toward Gallienus.

Claudius Gothicus also produced coin-types with reverses of goddesses customarily found paired on coins with images of the Roman empresses. The deities portrayed include Ceres, Diana, Diana Lucifera, and Diana Victrix, Minerva, Venus, and the goddess naturally associated with the image of an empress, Juno Regina. One might suggest that Claudius issued these images because he had no empress with which to pair them, but an examination of other emperors' reigns during this period reveals that those emperors who did not issue coins bearing the empress' image also did not strike these particular goddess types. Although Ceres and Venus images are sometimes paired with an emperor's portrait, Diana Lucifera is rarely found on emperors' coins and Claudius II is the only emperor paired on coins with Juno Regina. In addition, Claudius was the first emperor to issue imperial coins that featured an isolated image of the exotic Egyptian goddess, Isis Faria.

Claudius II's short reign was vulnerable to internal as well as external attack. There may have been a revolt in 269-270 led by a Censorinus, although the date and even the existence of this usurper remain in doubt. The SHA includes him as the last of the "thirty tyrants" and lists a whole series of offices for him, including two consulships, but no other record exists to confirm such service. The SHA account states that he was proclaimed emperor by his soldiers, but soon afterwards killed by them because of his enforcement of strict discipline. His tomb is listed as being in Bologna, which may provide some idea of the location for the revolt. Henry Cohen dates the revolt to the beginning of the year 270, perhaps on the basis of a reference in the Epitome de Caesaribus, but suggests that coins attributed to Censorinus in earlier works may not exist.

The Gothic challenge in 269 proved to be the greatest that Claudius II would face. The Goths assembled a large invading force, reportedly amounting to 320,000 men transported on a fleet of at least 2,000 ships, and first attacked coastal cities along the Black Sea in Moesia. After passing into the Aegean the Goths besieged Thessalonica. At this point, in 269, Claudius left Rome to stop the invasion. The Goths then sent the larger segment of their troops on land toward the Danube, while the fleet took the remaining group to continue the naval attack on Aegean coastal cities. Claudius sent Aurelian's cavalry to Macedonia to protect Illyria from attack, while he commanded the forces blocking the route to the Danube. In the area of Doberus and Pelagonia, the Goths lost 3,000 men to Aurelian's cavalry. At Naissus in Moesia, Claudius' force succeeded in killing some 50,000 Goths. There were follow-up operations on both land and sea, but the Gothic War had essentially been won. Staving off the attacks of the Goths was a major contribution to the survival of the Roman Empire. It was a significant step leading to the subsequent success of Aurelian and the resurrection of the Empire under Diocletian and Constantine. When the Goths eventually succeeded in taking parts of the western Empire in the fifth century, their disruption to the course of civilization was likely much less violent than it would have been had they succeeded in the third century.

In addition to bad weather, a lack of supplies, and hunger, plague was a major factor in the defeat of the Goths. Many of the Gothic prisoners were either impressed into Roman military service or settled on farms as coloni. Claudius received the title Gothicus in recognition of his triumph over the Goths. At some point he had also been given the title Parthicus, but the unlikelihood of any conflict with the Parthians in his short reign makes this difficult to explain. Perhaps Damerau was correct in his suggestion that a Parthian unit may have been involved in one of the battles with the Palmyrenes, although on this front there were few achievements to claim. In any case, Claudius' victory over the Goths was short-lived. The emperor himself caught the plague and died at Sirmium early in 270. He was 56 years old. Claudius' brother, Quintillus, became emperor briefly before losing out to Aurelian. Claudius also had another brother, Crispus, and the SHA traces the link to Constantius through Crispus' daughter Claudia.

The Roman Senate showed its respect for Claudius Gothicus by setting up a gold portrait-shield in the Curia and by approving his deification. He was also honored with a golden statue in front of the great temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus and a silver statue set on a column on the Rostra.

In many ways, Claudius II received more adulation and honor in his Nachleben than he had during his lifetime. In the fourth century, attempts to link Constantine's family to Claudius resulted in the phrases of adoration and outright fabrication that dominate the SHA life and most of our other sources. Constantine even issued commemorative coins honoring Claudius. These carried inscriptions such as: DIVO CLAVDIO OPT[IMO] IMP[ERATORI], MEMORIAE AETERNAE, and REQVIES OPT[IMORVM] ME[RITORVM]. A tradition grew that changed the story of Claudius' death in some sources. In this version, Claudius, instead of dying from the plague, had actually performed a devotion, in response to an oracle found in the Sibylline Books, and sacrificed his life so that Rome could win the Gothic War. One of the most surprising things about the SHA account is that it ignores this more dramatic tradition and has Claudius simply dying from the plague.

One must, of course, reject the excessive claims of the SHA to the effect that Claudius II was "destined to rule for the good of the human race" and would, had he lived longer, "…by his strength, his counsel, and his foresight have restored to us the Scipios, the Camilli, and all those men of old." However, Claudius Gothicus was clearly a good emperor who made a significant contribution to protecting and restoring the Empire. In the third century there aren't too many emperors who merit such an assessment.

Copyright (C) 2001, Richard D. Weigel. Used by permission.
http://www.roman-emperors.org/claudgot.htm

Claudius II Gothicus was born in Illyricum around 215 A.D. Under Valerian and Gallienus he was recognized as a superb general. After the murder of Gallienus, Claudius Gothicus was proclaimed emperor and preceded to crush the Alemani tribe who had invaded Roman territory. Soon after an enormous horde of Goths poured into the empire. Against all advice, Claudius confronted the barbarians at Naissus in Upper Moesia. He fought a brilliant battle and annihilated them. Unfortunately for the empire, he died of plague after a reign of only two years (Joseph Sermarini, FORVM;
http://www.forumancientcoins.com/catalog/roman-and-greek-coins.asp?vpar=741&pos=0#Recovery%20of%20the%20Empire%20Coins).

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.Cleisthenes

[1114b] Claudius II Gothicus, September 268 - August or September 270 A.D.Bronze antoninianus, RIC V 214, VF, 2.930g, 20.3mm, 180o, Antioch mint; Obverse: IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG, radiate bust right; Reverse: NEPTVN AVG, Neptune standing left, dolphin in right, trident in left hand, • in exergue; excellent centering. Ex FORVM.

De Imperatoribus Romanis
An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors

Claudius II Gothicus (268-270)

Richard D. Weigel
Western Kentucky University

M. Aurelius Claudius, known to history as Claudius Gothicus or Claudius II, was born in either Dalmatia or Illyria on May 10, probably in A.D. 213 or 214. Although the most substantive source on Claudius is the biography in the Scriptores Historiae Augustae (SHA), this account is riddled with fabrications and slanted with fawning praise for this particular emperor, who in the fourth century was viewed as an ancestor of Constantine's father and thus of the ruling imperial family. This biography, attributed to one Trebellius Pollio, must be read with extreme caution and supplemented with information from other sources, including Aurelius Victor, the Epitome de Caesaribus, Eutropius, Orosius, Zonaras, and Zosimus, as well as coins and inscriptions.

The SHA account describes Claudius as being tall, with fiery eyes, and so strong that he could knock out the teeth of man or beast with one punch. It also says that Trajan Decius rewarded him after Claudius demonstrated his strength while wrestling another soldier in the Campus Martius. The SHA author suggests that Claudius may have been descended from the Trojan King Ilus and even from Dardanus, son of Zeus and ancestor of the Trojan royal family, but these suggestions are very likely fabricated to further ennoble Claudius and his putative descendants, the family of Constantine. The SHA biography also includes false letters attributed to the emperors Trajan Decius, Valerian, and Gallienus, all attesting to their high opinions of Claudius. Reference is made in these letters to Claudius' service as tribune in an otherwise unattested legion V Martialis and also as general in command of Illyria, but these positions may also be fictitious. One can assume that Claudius had served for some time in the army, at least under Gallienus and perhaps also under several earlier emperors.

There is some evidence that Claudius was wounded in Gallienus' campaign to put down the revolt of Ingenuus and that he later served with Aureolus under Gallienus in the war with Postumus. By 268, when Gallienus took his troops into Italy to put down Aureolus' revolt, Claudius had emerged as heir-apparent to Gallienus and may also have been involved in the plot to assassinate the emperor. Aurelius Victor says that when Gallienus was killed by his own troops besieging Aureolus in Milan, Claudius as tribune was commanding the soldiers stationed at Ticinum, some twenty miles to the south, and that prior to dying Gallienus designated Claudius as his heir. Victor goes on to claim that after succeeding to the purple Claudius forced the Senate to deify Gallienus. The SHA account states that the soldiers mutinied after Gallienus' death and had to be quieted with a donative of twenty aurei each before settling down and accepting their new emperor. Once in power, Claudius quickly dealt with Aureolus, who surrendered and was killed almost immediately. The new emperor also demanded clemency for the supporters of Gallienus.

The story of Gallienus' deathbed selection of his successor is doubtful at best and is very likely an attempt to deflect blame for the assassination plot from Claudius. The suggestion that the new emperor pressured the Senate to deify Gallienus is more difficult to assess. It is true that securing divine status for one's predecessor is generally seen as a pious act (e.g. Antoninus Pius requesting deification of Hadrian) that reflects positively on the initiator and the story, recorded only in Aurelius Victor, could just be a fabrication used to build up Claudius' moral reputation. What is difficult to penetrate is the biased condemnation of Gallienus that particularly dominates the Latin sources. They make it hard to see why anyone would want to deify Gallienus and so the story seems out of place. However, deification of a predecessor could also be interpreted as the expected thing to do and the act could have fostered legitimacy of the new emperor and gained support from those who were still loyal to Gallienus so it may well have taken place.

The first major challenge facing the new emperor was that of the Alemanni, who had invaded Raetia and Italy. After an early defeat, Claudius replaced some irresponsible officers and soldiers, designated Aurelian as cavalry commander, and led the army to a decisive victory over the Alemanni. This victory earned Claudius the title of Germanicus Maximus and several of his coin-types appear to refer to victory over the Germans.

In 269 Claudius served as consul with Paternus. This year would also feature his major campaign against the Goths. There are indications that Spain separated itself from the Gallo-Roman Empire of Postumus and Tetricus and recognized Claudius, at least nominally, as emperor. In addition, rebellion within Gaul itself demonstrated the weakening of this independent state, although Claudius avoided engagement at Augustodunum and chose only to send a small force to protect Narbonese Gaul. While Claudius concentrated on protecting Roman territory against the Alemanni and Goths, Zenobia extended her Palmyrene Empire by taking Antioch, parts of Asia Minor, and most of Egypt. Although Eusebius and Sulpicius Severus portray the period between the reign of Valerian and that of Diocletian as a peaceful pause in the persecution of Christians, the Acts of the Martyrs does list some individuals allegedly martyred during Claudius II's reign.

The coins issued by Claudius II provide some limited insight into his reign. In addition to the standard "personified virtues" coins that are common with most emperors of the second and third centuries, Claudius struck coin-types proclaiming the security of the Empire (SECVRITAS PERPETVA and PAX AETERNA), the fidelity of the army (FIDES MILITVM), and military victories over the Germans and Goths (VICTORIA GERMAN and VICTORIAE GOTHIC). In addition, Claudius Gothicus' mints struck some other interesting and unusual coin-types. For example, Claudius is one of very few emperors who issued coins portraying the god Vulcan. These must have been limited issues because they are struck only by the Antioch mint and are very rare. The type shows Vulcan standing, with his special tools, the hammer and tongs, and features the unique inscription REGI ARTIS. A variant type with a similar image has been described as carrying another unique coin inscription, DEO CABIRO, and interpreted as depicting one of Vulcan's sons, the Cabiri, with the same tools. However, the existence of this variant type is doubtful. Although the reason for honoring Vulcan (and his sons?) with these coins is unclear, there may be a connection to the fact that the Cabiri were patron gods of Thessalonica who had protected that city against an attack by the Goths. Although a connection between Claudius Gothicus and the Cabiri as defenders against Gothic attacks is relatively attractive, it is weakened somewhat by the fact that Valerian and Gallienus had also issued coins with Vulcan in a temple so there may be some other reason for his reappearance on coins in this period.

Claudius II issued an unusual and scarce series of coins that features a pair of deities, who are presumably conservatores Augusti, on each reverse. The AETER AVG type depicts Apollo and Diana, who, as gods of the sun and moon, are associated with the concept of aeternitas. A type featuring Serapis and Isis is combined with a CONSER AVG inscription and one of Hercules and Minerva with one of CONSERVATORES AVG. Apollo and Diana are depicted with a SALVS AVG inscription, Aesculapius and Salus with one of SPES PVBLIC, and Vulcan and Minerva with VIRT AVG. The general message is that these deities will protect the future of the empire and the emperor.

Other unusual coin-types include MARS VLTOR, the god Augustus had honored with a temple for securing revenge for Caesar's assassination. This deity had appeared on Roman coins in the reigns of Galba and Severus Alexander. Claudius II also minted coins with rarely-seen NEPTVN AVG [see this reverse type in my collection] and SOL AVG types. The latter coin indicates some early interest in the god who would become so dominant a few years later on the coins of Aurelian, yet Claudius also used the INVICTVS AVG inscription that Gallienus had paired with an image of Sol with one of Hercules. ROMAE AETERNAE coin-types were fairly common in the mid-third century, but Claudius II issued an unusual variant type on an aureus that showed the goddess in her temple and echoed the SAECVLVM NOVVM images associated with Philip I. In addition, Claudius introduced a IOVI VICTORI reverse combined with the image normally paired with a IOVI STATORI inscription and a IOVI FVLGERAT reverse inscription, both of which had not been used by any of his predecessors. Andreas Alföldi suggested that Claudius' GENIVS SENATVS type signified improvement of the relationship between emperor and Senate following the senatorial hostility toward Gallienus.

Claudius Gothicus also produced coin-types with reverses of goddesses customarily found paired on coins with images of the Roman empresses. The deities portrayed include Ceres, Diana, Diana Lucifera, and Diana Victrix, Minerva, Venus, and the goddess naturally associated with the image of an empress, Juno Regina. One might suggest that Claudius issued these images because he had no empress with which to pair them, but an examination of other emperors' reigns during this period reveals that those emperors who did not issue coins bearing the empress' image also did not strike these particular goddess types. Although Ceres and Venus images are sometimes paired with an emperor's portrait, Diana Lucifera is rarely found on emperors' coins and Claudius II is the only emperor paired on coins with Juno Regina. In addition, Claudius was the first emperor to issue imperial coins that featured an isolated image of the exotic Egyptian goddess, Isis Faria.

Claudius II's short reign was vulnerable to internal as well as external attack. There may have been a revolt in 269-270 led by a Censorinus, although the date and even the existence of this usurper remain in doubt. The SHA includes him as the last of the "thirty tyrants" and lists a whole series of offices for him, including two consulships, but no other record exists to confirm such service. The SHA account states that he was proclaimed emperor by his soldiers, but soon afterwards killed by them because of his enforcement of strict discipline. His tomb is listed as being in Bologna, which may provide some idea of the location for the revolt. Henry Cohen dates the revolt to the beginning of the year 270, perhaps on the basis of a reference in the Epitome de Caesaribus, but suggests that coins attributed to Censorinus in earlier works may not exist.

The Gothic challenge in 269 proved to be the greatest that Claudius II would face. The Goths assembled a large invading force, reportedly amounting to 320,000 men transported on a fleet of at least 2,000 ships, and first attacked coastal cities along the Black Sea in Moesia. After passing into the Aegean the Goths besieged Thessalonica. At this point, in 269, Claudius left Rome to stop the invasion. The Goths then sent the larger segment of their troops on land toward the Danube, while the fleet took the remaining group to continue the naval attack on Aegean coastal cities. Claudius sent Aurelian's cavalry to Macedonia to protect Illyria from attack, while he commanded the forces blocking the route to the Danube. In the area of Doberus and Pelagonia, the Goths lost 3,000 men to Aurelian's cavalry. At Naissus in Moesia, Claudius' force succeeded in killing some 50,000 Goths. There were follow-up operations on both land and sea, but the Gothic War had essentially been won. Staving off the attacks of the Goths was a major contribution to the survival of the Roman Empire. It was a significant step leading to the subsequent success of Aurelian and the resurrection of the Empire under Diocletian and Constantine. When the Goths eventually succeeded in taking parts of the western Empire in the fifth century, their disruption to the course of civilization was likely much less violent than it would have been had they succeeded in the third century.

In addition to bad weather, a lack of supplies, and hunger, plague was a major factor in the defeat of the Goths. Many of the Gothic prisoners were either impressed into Roman military service or settled on farms as coloni. Claudius received the title Gothicus in recognition of his triumph over the Goths. At some point he had also been given the title Parthicus, but the unlikelihood of any conflict with the Parthians in his short reign makes this difficult to explain. Perhaps Damerau was correct in his suggestion that a Parthian unit may have been involved in one of the battles with the Palmyrenes, although on this front there were few achievements to claim. In any case, Claudius' victory over the Goths was short-lived. The emperor himself caught the plague and died at Sirmium early in 270. He was 56 years old. Claudius' brother, Quintillus, became emperor briefly before losing out to Aurelian. Claudius also had another brother, Crispus, and the SHA traces the link to Constantius through Crispus' daughter Claudia.

The Roman Senate showed its respect for Claudius Gothicus by setting up a gold portrait-shield in the Curia and by approving his deification. He was also honored with a golden statue in front of the great temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus and a silver statue set on a column on the Rostra.

In many ways, Claudius II received more adulation and honor in his Nachleben than he had during his lifetime. In the fourth century, attempts to link Constantine's family to Claudius resulted in the phrases of adoration and outright fabrication that dominate the SHA life and most of our other sources. Constantine even issued commemorative coins honoring Claudius. These carried inscriptions such as: DIVO CLAVDIO OPT[IMO] IMP[ERATORI], MEMORIAE AETERNAE, and REQVIES OPT[IMORVM] ME[RITORVM]. A tradition grew that changed the story of Claudius' death in some sources. In this version, Claudius, instead of dying from the plague, had actually performed a devotion, in response to an oracle found in the Sibylline Books, and sacrificed his life so that Rome could win the Gothic War. One of the most surprising things about the SHA account is that it ignores this more dramatic tradition and has Claudius simply dying from the plague.

One must, of course, reject the excessive claims of the SHA to the effect that Claudius II was "destined to rule for the good of the human race" and would, had he lived longer, "…by his strength, his counsel, and his foresight have restored to us the Scipios, the Camilli, and all those men of old." However, Claudius Gothicus was clearly a good emperor who made a significant contribution to protecting and restoring the Empire. In the third century there aren't too many emperors who merit such an assessment.

Copyright (C) 2001, Richard D. Weigel. Used by permission.
http://www.roman-emperors.org/claudgot.htm

Claudius II Gothicus was born in Illyricum around 215 A.D. Under Valerian and Gallienus he was recognized as a superb general. After the murder of Gallienus, Claudius Gothicus was proclaimed emperor and preceded to crush the Alemani tribe who had invaded Roman territory. Soon after an enormous horde of Goths poured into the empire. Against all advice, Claudius confronted the barbarians at Naissus in Upper Moesia. He fought a brilliant battle and annihilated them. Unfortunately for the empire, he died of plague after a reign of only two years (Joseph Sermarini, FORVM;
http://www.forumancientcoins.com/catalog/roman-and-greek-coins.asp?vpar=741&pos=0#Recovery%20of%20the%20Empire%20Coins).

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.Cleisthenes

[1114c] Claudius II Gothicus, September 268 - August or September 270 A.D.Antoninianus. RIC 34. Weight, Size. F. Rome mint. Obverse: IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG, Radiate, draped bust right; Reverse: FIDES EXERCI, Fides standing left, holding two standards. Ex Maridvnvm

De Imperatoribus Romanis
An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors

Claudius II Gothicus (268-270)

Richard D. Weigel
Western Kentucky University

M. Aurelius Claudius, known to history as Claudius Gothicus or Claudius II, was born in either Dalmatia or Illyria on May 10, probably in A.D. 213 or 214. Although the most substantive source on Claudius is the biography in the Scriptores Historiae Augustae (SHA), this account is riddled with fabrications and slanted with fawning praise for this particular emperor, who in the fourth century was viewed as an ancestor of Constantine's father and thus of the ruling imperial family. This biography, attributed to one Trebellius Pollio, must be read with extreme caution and supplemented with information from other sources, including Aurelius Victor, the Epitome de Caesaribus, Eutropius, Orosius, Zonaras, and Zosimus, as well as coins and inscriptions.

The SHA account describes Claudius as being tall, with fiery eyes, and so strong that he could knock out the teeth of man or beast with one punch. It also says that Trajan Decius rewarded him after Claudius demonstrated his strength while wrestling another soldier in the Campus Martius. The SHA author suggests that Claudius may have been descended from the Trojan King Ilus and even from Dardanus, son of Zeus and ancestor of the Trojan royal family, but these suggestions are very likely fabricated to further ennoble Claudius and his putative descendants, the family of Constantine. The SHA biography also includes false letters attributed to the emperors Trajan Decius, Valerian, and Gallienus, all attesting to their high opinions of Claudius. Reference is made in these letters to Claudius' service as tribune in an otherwise unattested legion V Martialis and also as general in command of Illyria, but these positions may also be fictitious. One can assume that Claudius had served for some time in the army, at least under Gallienus and perhaps also under several earlier emperors.

There is some evidence that Claudius was wounded in Gallienus' campaign to put down the revolt of Ingenuus and that he later served with Aureolus under Gallienus in the war with Postumus. By 268, when Gallienus took his troops into Italy to put down Aureolus' revolt, Claudius had emerged as heir-apparent to Gallienus and may also have been involved in the plot to assassinate the emperor. Aurelius Victor says that when Gallienus was killed by his own troops besieging Aureolus in Milan, Claudius as tribune was commanding the soldiers stationed at Ticinum, some twenty miles to the south, and that prior to dying Gallienus designated Claudius as his heir. Victor goes on to claim that after succeeding to the purple Claudius forced the Senate to deify Gallienus. The SHA account states that the soldiers mutinied after Gallienus' death and had to be quieted with a donative of twenty aurei each before settling down and accepting their new emperor. Once in power, Claudius quickly dealt with Aureolus, who surrendered and was killed almost immediately. The new emperor also demanded clemency for the supporters of Gallienus.

The story of Gallienus' deathbed selection of his successor is doubtful at best and is very likely an attempt to deflect blame for the assassination plot from Claudius. The suggestion that the new emperor pressured the Senate to deify Gallienus is more difficult to assess. It is true that securing divine status for one's predecessor is generally seen as a pious act (e.g. Antoninus Pius requesting deification of Hadrian) that reflects positively on the initiator and the story, recorded only in Aurelius Victor, could just be a fabrication used to build up Claudius' moral reputation. What is difficult to penetrate is the biased condemnation of Gallienus that particularly dominates the Latin sources. They make it hard to see why anyone would want to deify Gallienus and so the story seems out of place. However, deification of a predecessor could also be interpreted as the expected thing to do and the act could have fostered legitimacy of the new emperor and gained support from those who were still loyal to Gallienus so it may well have taken place.

The first major challenge facing the new emperor was that of the Alemanni, who had invaded Raetia and Italy. After an early defeat, Claudius replaced some irresponsible officers and soldiers, designated Aurelian as cavalry commander, and led the army to a decisive victory over the Alemanni. This victory earned Claudius the title of Germanicus Maximus and several of his coin-types appear to refer to victory over the Germans.

In 269 Claudius served as consul with Paternus. This year would also feature his major campaign against the Goths. There are indications that Spain separated itself from the Gallo-Roman Empire of Postumus and Tetricus and recognized Claudius, at least nominally, as emperor. In addition, rebellion within Gaul itself demonstrated the weakening of this independent state, although Claudius avoided engagement at Augustodunum and chose only to send a small force to protect Narbonese Gaul. While Claudius concentrated on protecting Roman territory against the Alemanni and Goths, Zenobia extended her Palmyrene Empire by taking Antioch, parts of Asia Minor, and most of Egypt. Although Eusebius and Sulpicius Severus portray the period between the reign of Valerian and that of Diocletian as a peaceful pause in the persecution of Christians, the Acts of the Martyrs does list some individuals allegedly martyred during Claudius II's reign.

The coins issued by Claudius II provide some limited insight into his reign. In addition to the standard "personified virtues" coins that are common with most emperors of the second and third centuries, Claudius struck coin-types proclaiming the security of the Empire (SECVRITAS PERPETVA and PAX AETERNA), the fidelity of the army (FIDES MILITVM), and military victories over the Germans and Goths (VICTORIA GERMAN and VICTORIAE GOTHIC). In addition, Claudius Gothicus' mints struck some other interesting and unusual coin-types. For example, Claudius is one of very few emperors who issued coins portraying the god Vulcan. These must have been limited issues because they are struck only by the Antioch mint and are very rare. The type shows Vulcan standing, with his special tools, the hammer and tongs, and features the unique inscription REGI ARTIS. A variant type with a similar image has been described as carrying another unique coin inscription, DEO CABIRO, and interpreted as depicting one of Vulcan's sons, the Cabiri, with the same tools. However, the existence of this variant type is doubtful. Although the reason for honoring Vulcan (and his sons?) with these coins is unclear, there may be a connection to the fact that the Cabiri were patron gods of Thessalonica who had protected that city against an attack by the Goths. Although a connection between Claudius Gothicus and the Cabiri as defenders against Gothic attacks is relatively attractive, it is weakened somewhat by the fact that Valerian and Gallienus had also issued coins with Vulcan in a temple so there may be some other reason for his reappearance on coins in this period.

Claudius II issued an unusual and scarce series of coins that features a pair of deities, who are presumably conservatores Augusti, on each reverse. The AETER AVG type depicts Apollo and Diana, who, as gods of the sun and moon, are associated with the concept of aeternitas. A type featuring Serapis and Isis is combined with a CONSER AVG inscription and one of Hercules and Minerva with one of CONSERVATORES AVG. Apollo and Diana are depicted with a SALVS AVG inscription, Aesculapius and Salus with one of SPES PVBLIC, and Vulcan and Minerva with VIRT AVG. The general message is that these deities will protect the future of the empire and the emperor.

Other unusual coin-types include MARS VLTOR, the god Augustus had honored with a temple for securing revenge for Caesar's assassination. This deity had appeared on Roman coins in the reigns of Galba and Severus Alexander. Claudius II also minted coins with rarely-seen NEPTVN AVG [see this reverse type in my collection] and SOL AVG types. The latter coin indicates some early interest in the god who would become so dominant a few years later on the coins of Aurelian, yet Claudius also used the INVICTVS AVG inscription that Gallienus had paired with an image of Sol with one of Hercules. ROMAE AETERNAE coin-types were fairly common in the mid-third century, but Claudius II issued an unusual variant type on an aureus that showed the goddess in her temple and echoed the SAECVLVM NOVVM images associated with Philip I. In addition, Claudius introduced a IOVI VICTORI reverse combined with the image normally paired with a IOVI STATORI inscription and a IOVI FVLGERAT reverse inscription, both of which had not been used by any of his predecessors. Andreas Alföldi suggested that Claudius' GENIVS SENATVS type signified improvement of the relationship between emperor and Senate following the senatorial hostility toward Gallienus.

Claudius Gothicus also produced coin-types with reverses of goddesses customarily found paired on coins with images of the Roman empresses. The deities portrayed include Ceres, Diana, Diana Lucifera, and Diana Victrix, Minerva, Venus, and the goddess naturally associated with the image of an empress, Juno Regina. One might suggest that Claudius issued these images because he had no empress with which to pair them, but an examination of other emperors' reigns during this period reveals that those emperors who did not issue coins bearing the empress' image also did not strike these particular goddess types. Although Ceres and Venus images are sometimes paired with an emperor's portrait, Diana Lucifera is rarely found on emperors' coins and Claudius II is the only emperor paired on coins with Juno Regina. In addition, Claudius was the first emperor to issue imperial coins that featured an isolated image of the exotic Egyptian goddess, Isis Faria.

Claudius II's short reign was vulnerable to internal as well as external attack. There may have been a revolt in 269-270 led by a Censorinus, although the date and even the existence of this usurper remain in doubt. The SHA includes him as the last of the "thirty tyrants" and lists a whole series of offices for him, including two consulships, but no other record exists to confirm such service. The SHA account states that he was proclaimed emperor by his soldiers, but soon afterwards killed by them because of his enforcement of strict discipline. His tomb is listed as being in Bologna, which may provide some idea of the location for the revolt. Henry Cohen dates the revolt to the beginning of the year 270, perhaps on the basis of a reference in the Epitome de Caesaribus, but suggests that coins attributed to Censorinus in earlier works may not exist.

The Gothic challenge in 269 proved to be the greatest that Claudius II would face. The Goths assembled a large invading force, reportedly amounting to 320,000 men transported on a fleet of at least 2,000 ships, and first attacked coastal cities along the Black Sea in Moesia. After passing into the Aegean the Goths besieged Thessalonica. At this point, in 269, Claudius left Rome to stop the invasion. The Goths then sent the larger segment of their troops on land toward the Danube, while the fleet took the remaining group to continue the naval attack on Aegean coastal cities. Claudius sent Aurelian's cavalry to Macedonia to protect Illyria from attack, while he commanded the forces blocking the route to the Danube. In the area of Doberus and Pelagonia, the Goths lost 3,000 men to Aurelian's cavalry. At Naissus in Moesia, Claudius' force succeeded in killing some 50,000 Goths. There were follow-up operations on both land and sea, but the Gothic War had essentially been won. Staving off the attacks of the Goths was a major contribution to the survival of the Roman Empire. It was a significant step leading to the subsequent success of Aurelian and the resurrection of the Empire under Diocletian and Constantine. When the Goths eventually succeeded in taking parts of the western Empire in the fifth century, their disruption to the course of civilization was likely much less violent than it would have been had they succeeded in the third century.

In addition to bad weather, a lack of supplies, and hunger, plague was a major factor in the defeat of the Goths. Many of the Gothic prisoners were either impressed into Roman military service or settled on farms as coloni. Claudius received the title Gothicus in recognition of his triumph over the Goths. At some point he had also been given the title Parthicus, but the unlikelihood of any conflict with the Parthians in his short reign makes this difficult to explain. Perhaps Damerau was correct in his suggestion that a Parthian unit may have been involved in one of the battles with the Palmyrenes, although on this front there were few achievements to claim. In any case, Claudius' victory over the Goths was short-lived. The emperor himself caught the plague and died at Sirmium early in 270. He was 56 years old. Claudius' brother, Quintillus, became emperor briefly before losing out to Aurelian. Claudius also had another brother, Crispus, and the SHA traces the link to Constantius through Crispus' daughter Claudia.

The Roman Senate showed its respect for Claudius Gothicus by setting up a gold portrait-shield in the Curia and by approving his deification. He was also honored with a golden statue in front of the great temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus and a silver statue set on a column on the Rostra.

In many ways, Claudius II received more adulation and honor in his Nachleben than he had during his lifetime. In the fourth century, attempts to link Constantine's family to Claudius resulted in the phrases of adoration and outright fabrication that dominate the SHA life and most of our other sources. Constantine even issued commemorative coins honoring Claudius. These carried inscriptions such as: DIVO CLAVDIO OPT[IMO] IMP[ERATORI], MEMORIAE AETERNAE, and REQVIES OPT[IMORVM] ME[RITORVM]. A tradition grew that changed the story of Claudius' death in some sources. In this version, Claudius, instead of dying from the plague, had actually performed a devotion, in response to an oracle found in the Sibylline Books, and sacrificed his life so that Rome could win the Gothic War. One of the most surprising things about the SHA account is that it ignores this more dramatic tradition and has Claudius simply dying from the plague.

One must, of course, reject the excessive claims of the SHA to the effect that Claudius II was "destined to rule for the good of the human race" and would, had he lived longer, "…by his strength, his counsel, and his foresight have restored to us the Scipios, the Camilli, and all those men of old." However, Claudius Gothicus was clearly a good emperor who made a significant contribution to protecting and restoring the Empire. In the third century there aren't too many emperors who merit such an assessment.

Copyright (C) 2001, Richard D. Weigel. Used by permission.
http://www.roman-emperors.org/claudgot.htm

Claudius II Gothicus was born in Illyricum around 215 A.D. Under Valerian and Gallienus he was recognized as a superb general. After the murder of Gallienus, Claudius Gothicus was proclaimed emperor and preceded to crush the Alemani tribe who had invaded Roman territory. Soon after an enormous horde of Goths poured into the empire. Against all advice, Claudius confronted the barbarians at Naissus in Upper Moesia. He fought a brilliant battle and annihilated them. Unfortunately for the empire, he died of plague after a reign of only two years (Joseph Sermarini, FORVM;
http://www.forumancientcoins.com/catalog/roman-and-greek-coins.asp?vpar=741&pos=0#Recovery%20of%20the%20Empire%20Coins).

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes

86 files on 1 page(s)