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ROMAN EMPIRE, Procopius, AE 3Procopius. Usurper, AD 365-366. Æ 19mm (2.56 g). Constantinople mint. Pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust left / Procopius standing front, head right, holding labarum and shield set on the ground; Chi-Rho in upper right field and unidentified object by left foot; CONSD•. RIC IX 17(a).6; LRBC 2082. VF, dark green patina, ragged around the edge, reverse strike a touch soft.Mar 14, 2007
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BYZANTINE, John II, Sear 2609TREBIZOND. John II. 1280-1297. AR Asper (22mm, 2.69 g, 6h). St. Eugenius standing facing, holding long cross; star to upper right / John standing facing, holding labarum-headed scepter and globus; Manus Dei to upper right. Retowski 58; SB 2609. Good VF, toned, typical flat spotsMar 14, 2007
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Israel, CaesareaThe ancient Roman port of Caesarea Maritima in Judaea (now Israel). This port was built by Herod the Great in the 1st century BCE. The view is of a portion of the aquaduct that brought water from the Carmel, just south of Haifa.Daniel FMar 14, 2007
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Israel, MasadaThe ancient fortress in the Judaean desert built by Herod the Great in the first century BCE, it was the last stronghold of a small group of zealots against Rome in the year 73 CE. The view is from the top of the fortress, looing down on the remains of the ancient roman encampment.Daniel FMar 14, 2007
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China - Modern CoinageY1 - 1 Fen – People’s Republic - 1980
Y2 - 2 Fen – People’s Republic - 1981
Y3 - 5 Fen – People’s Republic - 1976
Y264 - 1 Yuan – Sword Dancer - 1990
Y265 - 1 Yuan – Female Archer - 1990
Y330 - 1 Yuan - 1995
y1069 - 1 Yuan - 2006Daniel FMar 14, 2007
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Portrait of VespasianDigital paint of a sculpture, Capitoline Museum, Palazzo Nuovo, Rome. Photo from a series done in the early 1900s by the Alinari brothers.
ALINARI: Photographic documentation of art and architecture in Italy compiled by Alinari in the 19th and early 20th centuries.Scotvs CapitisMar 14, 2007
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Herod I - prutah Hendin-499 / 1174 (01)
0.78 gramscmcdon0923Mar 13, 2007
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Julia Domna, AE 23 DiassariaAVGUS/TA IVLIA
Bust draped, right
MVNICI STOBEN
Josifovski describes this reverse as Nike standing facing, head right, holding torch with entwined snake and cornucopia, lotus flower on head; a very syncretic Nike-Demeter-Tyche-Ma-Isis. Unlisted die pair, the reverse is R99 of Josif. 250, the obverse is V33.
Cohen IV 271, BMCG 9, AMNG Gaebler 9whitetd49Mar 13, 2007
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MexicoKm415 - 1 centavo - 1906
Km417 - 1 centavo - 1956
Km423 - 5 centavos - 1937
Km426 - 5 centavos - 1967
km547 - 10 centavos - 1994
Km440 - 20 centavos - 1956
Km452 - 50 Centavos - 1978
Km496 - 1 Peso - 1985
Km603 - 1 Peso - 1996 Daniel FMar 13, 2007
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707a, Galba, 3 April 68 - 15 January 69 A.D.Galba AE As, 68-69 AD; cf. SRC 727, 729ff; 27.85mm, 12g; Rome: Obverse: GALBA IMP CAESAR…, Laureate head right; Reverse: S P Q R OB CIV SER in oak wreath; gF+/F Ex. Ancient Imports.
De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families
Galba (68-69 A.D.)
John Donahue
College of William and Mary
Introduction
The evidence for the principate of Galba is unsatisfactory. The sources either concentrate on the personality of the man, thereby failing to offer a balanced account of his policies and a firm chronological base for his actions; or, they focus on the final two weeks of his life at the expense of the earlier part of his reign. As a result, a detailed account of his principate is difficult to write. Even so, Galba is noteworthy because he was neither related to nor adopted by his predecessor Nero. Thus, his accession marked the end of the nearly century-long control of the Principate by the Julio-Claudians. Additionally, Galba's declaration as emperor by his troops abroad set a precedent for the further political upheavals of 68-69. Although these events worked to Galba's favor initially, they soon came back to haunt him, ending his tumultuous rule after only seven months.
Early Life and Rise to Power
Born 24 December 3 BC in Tarracina, a town on the Appian Way, 65 miles south of Rome, Servius Galba was the son of C. Sulpicius Galba and Mummia Achaica. Galba's connection with the noble house of the Servii gave him great prestige and assured his acceptance among the highest levels of Julio-Claudian society. Adopted in his youth by Livia, the mother of the emperor Tiberius, he is said to have owed much of his early advancement to her. Upon her death, Livia made Galba her chief legatee, bequeathing him some 50 million sesterces. Tiberius, Livia's heir, reduced the amount, however, and then never paid it. Galba's marriage proved to be a further source of disappointment, as he outlived both his wife Lepida and their two sons. Nothing else is known of Galba's immediate family, other than that he remained a widower for the rest of his life.
Although the details of Galba's early political career are incomplete, the surviving record is one of an ambitious Roman making his way in the Emperor's service. Suetonius records that as praetor Galba put on a new kind of exhibition for the people - elephants walking on a rope. Later, he served as governor of the province of Aquitania, followed by a six-month term as consul at the beginning of 33. Ironically, as consul he was succeeded by Salvius Otho, whose own son would succeed Galba as emperor. Over the years three more governorships followed - Upper Germany (date unknown), North Africa (45) and Hispania Tarraconensis, the largest of Spain's three provinces (61). He was selected as a proconsul of Africa by the emperor Claudius himself instead of by the usual method of drawing lots. During his two-year tenure in the province he successfully restored internal order and quelled a revolt by the barbarians. As an imperial legate he was a governor in Spain for eight years under Nero, even though he was already in his early sixties when he assumed his duties. The appointment showed that Galba was still considered efficient and loyal. In all of these posts Galba generally displayed an enthusiasm for old-fashioned disciplina, a trait consistent with the traditional characterization of the man as a hard-bitten aristocrat of the old Republican type. Such service did not go unnoticed, as he was honored with triumphal insignia and three priesthoods during his career.
On the basis of his ancestry, family tradition and service to the state Galba was the most distinguished Roman alive (with the exception of the houses of the Julii and Claudii) at the time of Nero's demise in 68. The complex chain of events that would lead him to the Principate later that year began in March with the rebellion of Gaius Iulius Vindex, the governor of Gallia Lugdunensis. Vindex had begun to sound out provincial governors about support for a rebellion perhaps in late 67 or early 68. Galba did not respond but, because of his displeasure with Neronian misgovernment, neither did he inform the emperor of these treasonous solicitations. This, of course, left him dangerously exposed; moreover, he was already aware that Nero, anxious to remove anyone of distinguished birth and noble achievements, had ordered his death. Given these circumstances, Galba likely felt that he had no choice but to rebel.
In April, 68, while still in Spain, Galba "went public," positioning himself as a vir militaris, a military representative of the senate and people of Rome. For the moment, he refused the title of Emperor, but it is clear that the Principate was his goal. To this end, he organized a concilium of advisors in order to make it known that any decisions were not made by him alone but only after consultation with a group. The arrangement was meant to recall the Augustan Age relationship between the emperor and senate in Rome. Even more revealing of his imperial ambitions were legends like LIBERTAS RESTITUTA (Liberty Restored), ROM RENASC (Rome Reborn) and SALUS GENERIS HUMANI (Salvation of Mankind), preserved on his coinage from the period. Such evidence has brought into question the traditional assessment of Galba as nothing more than an ineffectual representative of a bygone antiquus rigor in favor of a more balanced portrait of a traditional constitutionalist eager to publicize the virtues of an Augustan-style Principate.
Events now began to move quickly. In May, 68 Lucius Clodius Macer, legate of the III legio Augusta in Africa, revolted from Nero and cut off the grain supply to Rome. Choosing not to recognize Galba, he called himself propraetor, issued his own coinage, and raised a new legion, the I Macriana liberatrix. Galba later had him executed. At the same time, 68, Lucius Verginius Rufus, legionary commander in Upper Germany, led a combined force of soldiers from Upper and Lower Germany in defeating Vindex at Vesontio in Gallia Lugdunensis. Verginius refused to accept a call to the emperorship by his own troops and by those from the Danube, however, thereby creating at Rome an opportunity for Galba's agents to win over Gaius Nymphidius Sabinus, the corrupt praetorian prefect since 65. Sabinus was able to turn the imperial guard against Nero on the promise that they would be rewarded financially by Galba upon his arrival. That was the end for Nero. Deposed by the senate and abandoned by his supporters, he committed suicide in June. At this point, encouraged to march on Rome by the praetorians and especially by Sabinus, who had his own designs on the throne, Galba hurriedly established broad-based political and financial support and assembled his own legion (subsequently known as the legio VII Gemina). As he departed from Spain, he abandoned the title of governor in favor of "Caesar," apparently in an attempt to lay claim to the entire inheritance of the Julio-Claudian house. Even so, he continued to proceed cautiously, and did not actually adopt the name of Caesar (and with it the emperorship) until sometime after he had left Spain.
The Principate of Galba
Meanwhile, Rome was anything but serene. An unusual force of soldiers, many of whom had been mustered by Nero to crush the attempt of Vindex, remained idle and restless. In addition, there was the matter concerning Nymphidius Sabinus. Intent on being the power behind the throne, Nymphidius had orchestrated a demand from the praetorians that Galba appoint him sole praetorian prefect for life. The senate capitulated to his pretensions and he began to have designs on the throne himself. In an attempt to rattle Galba, Nymphidius then sent messages of alarm to the emperor telling of unrest in both the city and abroad. When Galba ignored these reports, Nymphidius decided to launch a coup by presenting himself to the praetorians. The plan misfired, and the praetorians killed him when he appeared at their camp. Upon learning of the incident, Galba ordered the executions of Nymphidius' followers. To make matters worse, Galba's arrival was preceded by a confrontation with a boisterous band of soldiers who had been formed into a legion by Nero and were now demanding legionary standards and regular quarters. When they persisted, Galba's forces attacked, with the result that many of them were killed.
Thus it was amid carnage and fear that Galba arrived at the capital in October, 68, accompanied by Otho, the governor of Lusitania, who had joined the cause. Once Galba was within Rome, miscalculations and missteps seemed to multiply. First, he relied upon the advice of a corrupt circle of advisors, most notably: Titus Vinius, a general from Spain; Cornelius Laco, praetorian prefect; and his own freedman, Icelus. Second, he zealously attempted to recover some of Nero's more excessive expenditures by seizing the property of many citizens, a measure that seems to have gone too far and to have caused real hardship and resentment. Third, he created further ill-will by disbanding the imperial corps of German bodyguards, effectively abolishing a tradition that originated with Marius and had been endorsed by Augustus. Finally, he seriously alienated the military by refusing cash rewards for both the praetorians and for the soldiers in Upper Germany who had fought against Vindex.
This last act proved to be the beginning of the end for Galba. On 1 January 69 ("The Year of the Four Emperors"), the troops in Upper Germany refused to declare allegiance to him and instead followed the men stationed in Lower Germany in proclaiming their commander, Aulus Vitellius, as the new ruler. In response, Galba adopted Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi Licinianus to show that he was still in charge and that his successor would not be chosen for him. Piso, although an aristocrat, was a man completely without administrative or military experience. The choice meant little to the remote armies, the praetorians or the senate, and it especially angered Otho, who had hoped to succeed Galba. Otho quickly organized a conspiracy among the praetorians with the now-familiar promise of a material reward, and on 15 January 69 they declared him emperor and publicly killed Galba; Piso, dragged from hiding in the temple of Vesta, was also butchered.
Assessment
In sum, Galba had displayed talent and ambition during his lengthy career. He enjoyed distinguished ancestry, moved easily among the Julio-Claudian emperors (with the exception of Nero towards the end of his principate), and had been awarded the highest military and religious honors of ancient Rome. His qualifications for the principate cannot be questioned. Even so, history has been unkind to him. Tacitus characterized Galba as "weak and old," a man "equal to the imperial office, if he had never held it." Modern historians of the Roman world have been no less critical. To be sure, Galba's greatest mistake lay in his general handling of the military. His treatment of the army in Upper Germany was heedless, his policy towards the praetorians short sighted. Given the climate in 68-69, Galba was unrealistic in expecting disciplina without paying the promised rewards. He was also guilty of relying on poor advisors, who shielded him from reality and ultimately allowed Otho's conspiracy to succeed. Additionally, the excessive power of his henchmen brought the regime into disfavor and made Galba himself the principal target of the hatred that his aides had incited. Finally, the appointment of Piso, a young man in no way equal to the challenges placed before him, further underscored the emperor's isolation and lack of judgment. In the end, the instability of the post-Julio-Claudian political landscape offered challenges more formidable than a tired, septuagenarian aristocrat could hope to overcome. Ironically, his regime proved no more successful than the Neronian government he was so eager to replace. Another year of bloodshed would be necessary before the Principate could once again stand firm.
Copyright (C) 1999, John Donahue.
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
CleisthenesMar 13, 2007
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Caracalla, AE 25 DiassariaM AVREL ANT/O/NINVS AV
Bust laureate, right
MVNI STO
Nike advancing left with wreath and palm
Josifovski 321 (V42, R27)
Seven reverse dies linked to this obverse, all with a similar minimalist legend
Kuzmanovic Collection 588-589whitetd49Mar 13, 2007
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268Carausius 287-93AD
Antoninianus
Obv "IMP CARAVSIVS PF AVG"
Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev "LEG I MIN"
Ram standing right
Camulodunum mint
-/-//SMC
RIC 268mauseusMar 12, 2007
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064 - Septimius Severus denarius - RIC 496a corr.Obv:– L SEP SEVERVS PER AVG P M IMP XI, Laureate bust right
Rev:– PAR AR AD TR P VI COS II P P, Captives bound and both sitting on discarded armor on the ground, both are sitting on shield; between them, a large trophy
Minted in Laodicea ad Mare, A.D. 198
References:– RIC 496a corr. (Scarce), RSC 360maridvnvmMar 12, 2007
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[1007c] Elagabalus, 16 May 218 - 11 March 222 A.D.Elagabalus AE 26; 26.62mm, 12.7g; Nicopolis ad Istrum, 218-222 A.D. Obverse: Radiate bust of Elagabalus right; Reverse: Aequitas left; VF/aVF; portrait of superb style . Ex Ancient Imports.
On his website, Doug Smith says, "Coin style, if judged as good or bad, must be judged only on how well it reflects the spirit of the times that produced it"
(http://dougsmith.ancients.info/style.html).
I have several coins struck during the reign of Elagabalus (not all are shown), and this bronze has two distinctions: it is the least expensive, and it is my favorite. In this portrait, I think that the die cutter captured in his compositon of Elagabalus's face a glimpse of self-awareness, a reflection of the insecurity of being a teenage emperor.
De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families
ELAGABULUS (218-222 A.D.)
Michael L. Meckler
Ohio State University
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, the "last of the Antonines," is better known to history as Elagabalus, the name of the sun-god of the Syrian city of Emesa. Elagabalus, the emperor, was a high-priest of this deity, and his active promotion of the god was among several actions that made him an object of scorn and ridicule among the Roman aristocracy. As a youth, living in Emesa with his mother in the household of his grandmother, Julia Maesa, he began to perform in the hereditary family role of high-priest at the temple of the god Elagabalus. Leading Syrian families used their teenager's public displays as high-priest to channel soldiers' discontent with the emperor Macrinus into sedition. Elagabalus's promotion of the cult of the Emesene sun-god was certainly ridiculed by contemporary observers, but this cult was popular among soldiers and would remain so. Moreover, the cult continued to be promoted by later emperors of non-Syrian ethnicity, notably Constantine the Great, calling the god The Unconquered Sun (Sol Invictus).
Much has been made by many historians concerning Elagabalus’ behavior. His three marriages, two to the same Vestal virgin, produced no heir and received considerable contemporary derision. The paramours of his homosexual infatuations, the topics of notorious rumors, became skoffed-at administrative appointees whose favor insulted the aristocracy. His bizarre habit of carrying a large stone while walking backwards through the streets of the capital was considered possible insanity. If there is any understanding of “Elagabalus’ rock,” it rests with the knowledge that both Elagabalus, the sun-god of the Syrian city of Emesa and the source of the emperor’s adopted name, and the Carthgenian goddess Tanit possessed, as was common in Semitic religions, a large stone that was the focus of worship. Elagabalus (the emperor) brought these stones together in a ritualistic “marriage of the gods.” The Elagabalus (god of Emesa) stone was a focus of devotion for Elagabalus the Emperor.
The beginning of the 222 found the emperor ever more closed in. Elagabalus increasingly refused to have contact with his advisors. Government was approaching gridlock as officials were unable to figure out who had authority. A failed attempt by Elagabalus to persuade soldiers to kill his cousin, Marcus Julius Gessius Alexianus (the future emperor Severus Alexander), proved his undoing. Elagabalus and his mother were murdered the evening of 11 March 222. Their bodies were dumped into the Tiber and their memories condemned. Marcus Julius Gessius Alexianus was proclaimed emperor but did not take the name Antoninus, connected as it was with the failed reign of his predecessor.
Scholars have often viewed the failure of Elagabalus' reign as a clash of cultures between "Eastern" (Syrian) and "Western" (Roman), but this dichotomy is not very useful. The criticisms of the emperor's effeminacy and sexual behavior mirror those made of earlier emperors (such as Nero) and do not need to be explained through ethnic stereotypes. Elagabalus is best understood as a teenager who was raised near the luxury of the imperial court and who then suffered a drastic change of fortune brought about by the sudden deaths -- probably within one year -- of his father, his grandfather and his cousin, the emperor Caracalla. Thrust upon the throne, Elagabalus lacked the required discipline. For a while, Romans may well have been amused by his "Merrie Monarch" behavior, but he ended up offending those he needed to inspire. His reign tragically demonstrated the difficulties of having a teenage emperor.
Copyright (C) 1997, Michael L. Meckler.
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
CleisthenesMar 12, 2007
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Iran, Safavids, Husayn Iran, Safavids, Husayn (1694-1722), AR Abbasi, Tabriz, AH 1132.
dpaul7Mar 11, 2007
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Ayyubids of AleppoSyria, Ayyubids of Aleppo, al-Zahir Ghazi (1186-1216), AE Fals. B 680.dpaul7Mar 11, 2007
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Zengids of Sinjar - al-Jazira 'Imad al-Din Zengi' (1169-1197), AE Dirham, SS 79.
dpaul7Mar 11, 2007
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Abbasids, al-MustansirAbbasids, al-Mustansir (1226-1242), AE Dirham, Irbil, AH 641. A274. Brockage.
dpaul7Mar 11, 2007
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Umayyad Syria 8th C., AE Fals, Hims/ Emesa elephant type. W795.
dpaul7Mar 11, 2007
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Umayyad PalestineAE Fals, 8th C., Tabariyya ram's head type.
dpaul7Mar 11, 2007
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Umayyad PalestineAE Fals, 8th C., al-Ramla palm type. A185. dpaul7Mar 11, 2007
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ROMAN EMPIRE - CLAUDIUSClaudius Caesar AD 41-54 Brass Dupondius "Ceres" "Power also means food; the blessings of empire for the people" Obv: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG PM TR P IMP P P - Bare head left Rev: CERES AVGVSTA S-C - Ceres seated left, holding two corn ears and torch. Rome mint AD 50-54 = RIC I, p. 129, 110; BMC 197; D. Sear I, p. 367, 1856 dpaul7Mar 11, 2007
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AUSTRIA - FERDINAND IFerdinand I bust/Arms - 1627 AUSTRIA 3-KREUZER. F. KM-581 (WAS #27). CHANGED -- NOW #581 dpaul7Mar 11, 2007
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ROMAN EMPIRE - GALERIUSGalerius, AD 305-311 Denomination AE Follis Date Struck c. 308-311 Mint Nicomedia, 4th officina. Obverse IMP C GAL VAL MAXIMIANVS PF AVG. Laureate head right. Reverse GENIO AV-GVSTI CMH. Genius standing left, pouring liquid from patera and holding cornucopiae; in ex., SMND. Weight 6.19gm Diameter 24mm Reference RIC VI, 54a/66a. Grade VF+.dpaul7Mar 11, 2007
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ENGLAND - GEORGE IGeorge I - Rev.: Britannia seated. 1719 1/2 PENNY - G. KM-557dpaul7Mar 11, 2007
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ENGLAND - GEORGE IVGeorge IV - Britannia seated on reverse. 1826 FARTHING. KM-697dpaul7Mar 11, 2007
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FRANCE - LOUIS XIIIFrance Louis XIII AD1610-1643 Silver LAST YEAR Very nice coin with beautiful toning and repaired punch hole. Obv: LVDOVICVS XIII D G FR ET NAV REX - Laureate bust right, draped and cuirassed. Rev: SIT NOMEN DOMINI (A) BENEDICTVM 1643 - Crowned coat of arms of three fleur-de-lis Ref.: KRAUSE WORLD COINS 1601-1700, p. 235, #KM-132.1, 22 mm, 2.20 g. dpaul7Mar 11, 2007
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ROMAN EMPIRE - MARCUS AURELIUSMarcus Aurelius AD 139-180 Copper As "VICTORY" Obv: M ANTONINVS AVG TR P XXII - Laureate head right Rev: IMP V COS [ ] S C - Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm branch. , 9.94 g. dpaul7Mar 11, 2007
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BYZANTINE EMPIRE - MANUEL IManuel I 1143-1180AD Billon trachy "Mother Deum" Billon trachy, 3.68 g., 30 mm. Obv.: The Virgin enthroned. Nimbate and wearing pallium and maphorium. Rev.: Manuel standing facing, wearing crown, holding labarum and globe surmounted by Patriarchal cross. Ref.: D. Sear. Byzantine coins and their values, p. 396, 1964 dpaul7Mar 11, 2007
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OTTOMAN EMPIRE - SELIM IIISelim III silver para 1204 AH (1790AD) 8th YEAR mm, 0.27 g. dpaul7Mar 11, 2007
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OTTOMAN EMPIRE - ABDUL HAMID IAbdul Hamid I 1187 AH (1774 AD) Silver Para 14 mm, 0.31 g. dpaul7Mar 11, 2007
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BYZANTINE EMPIRE - ANDRONICUS IAndronicus I billon Cup THE VIRGIN STANDING Andronicus I 1183-1185, Beautiful cup coin. 3.77 g., 30 mm. Obv. : The Virgin standing facing, holding a nimbate head of the infant Christ. Rev.: Andronicus crowned by Christ dpaul7Mar 11, 2007
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BYZANTINE EMPIRE - ANDRONICUS IAndronicus I billon Cup THE VIRGIN STANDING Andronicus I 1183-1185, Beautiful cup coin. 3.04 g., 30 mm. Obv. : The Virgin standing facing, holding a nimbate head of the infant Christ. Rev.: Andronicus crowned by Christ dpaul7Mar 11, 2007
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ROMAN EMPIRE - AURELIANAurelian - 270-275 A.D. Antoninianus. Emperor on obverse/Jupiter on Reverse with Emperor - 'CONCORDIA MILITVM.dpaul7Mar 11, 2007
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AUSTRIA - JOSEPH I1706 AUSTRIA 3-Kreutzer. SILVER. Emperor Joseph I (1705-1711)/Arms. KM-122dpaul7Mar 11, 2007
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BULGARIA - IVAN ALEXANDERBEAUTIFUL Medieval AR Grosh Jesus and Two Kings -- Bulgarian Kingdom -- Nice toned with high relief Silver grosh of Ivan Alexander (1331 - 1371 A.D.) 22 mm, 1.73 g. Obv.: Christ enthroned facing, hands raised in benediction. Monograms in Cyrillic on both sides. Rev.: Ivan Alexander (left) and Michael Asen (right) both sides of banner. Monograms in Cyrillic on both sides. dpaul7Mar 11, 2007
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ENGLAND - GEORGE IIIGREAT BRITAIN 1797 PENNY, COMMONLY REFERRED TO AS THE "CART WHEEL" PENNY, A PHRASE ALLUDING TO IT'S HEFTY SIZE AND WEIGHT AND DESIGN. AN EXCEPTIONAL EXAMPLE WITH ONLY A COUPLE OF MINUTE RIM NICKS INSTEAD OF NUMEROUS ONES AS USUALLY FOUND. KM.618. GRADED: FINE +.dpaul7Mar 11, 2007
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RIC 0921 Domitian as Caesar [Vespasian]AR Denarius, 3.12g
Rome mint, 76-77 AD
Obv: CAESAR AVG F DOMITIANVS; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: COS IIII; Pegasus, standing r.
RIC 921 (C2). BMC 193. RSC 47. BNC 169.
Acquired from Nilus Coins, March 2007.
The reverse copies an Augustan one and might possibly allude to Domitian's foray into poetry. (BMCRE xl)
Unlike most of the crude Domitian portraits of the time from the Rome mint, this one has a great beauty and nobility to it that few of his contemporary denarii strive to achieve. Was it a minor slight that most of the better die engravers were used for Vespasian and Titus' coins? Thankfully one slipped through to create a wonderful portrait of the young caesar.
Despite some minor flaws, this is a wonderful coin that I'm happy to add to my collection.
David AthertonMar 11, 2007
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France, Sommiéres - Roman Bridge17 arch bridge built on orders of Tiberius to cross the river Vidourle and enable to connect Nemausis ( Nîmes ) with Tolosa ( Toulouse ).Mar 11, 2007
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France, Sommiéres - Roman bridge17 arch bridge built on orders of Tiberius to cross the river Vidourle and enable to connect Nemausis ( Nîmes ) with Tolosa ( Toulouse ).Mar 11, 2007
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Coronet CentCoronet Cent, 1851 (normal date)
Minted 1816 - 1857, 10.89 gr., 29mm, plain edge, copper, Designer: Robert Scot.
1851, V.G., 9,889,707 minted.
Reference: KM 67v2Daniel FMar 11, 2007
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ILLYRIA - DYRRHACHIUMFOUREE DRACHM -- Cekas 94 to 98. c. 200-30 B.C.E. Cow suckles calf, ARISTON. Reverse: double stellate pattern. dpaul7Mar 10, 2007
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Procopius, RIC IX, Constantinopolis 17b var., unpublishedProcopius, AD 365-366
AE - AE 3, 3.93g
Constantinopolis, 4th officina
obv. DN PROCO - PIVS PF AVG
Bust, draped and cuirassed, pearl-diademed, l.
rev. REPARATI - O FEL TEMP
Emperor in military cloak, stg. half-left, head r., holding labarum in in r. hand
and resting with l. hand on shield;
palmbranch in l. field, Chi-Rho in r. field
in ex. CONS Delta
Ref.: RIC IX 17b var.; C.7 var.;
(in RIC only officina Gamma and Epsilon but Delta expexted)
very rare, EF, sharp, nice green patina
From Forum Ancient Coins, thanks!
The variant with the palmbranch is much rarer than the usual 'unknown object' or the empty field. And there is no officina Delta listet nor yet found in any reference!
JochenMar 10, 2007
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RIC VII 075Follis of Constantine
London
CONSTANTINVS P AVG
Lr, Dr, Cuir bust L
SOLI INVICTO COMITI
Sol stg L, raising R hand, globe in L, chlamys dr over L shoulder
S / P // MSL
Mar 10, 2007
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RIC VII 050Follis of Constantine
Trier
IMP CONSTANTINVS AVG
Lr, Cuir bust R
MARTI CONSERVATORI
Mars stg R, holding vertical spear reversed, leaning on shield
T / F // PTR
RIC VII TRIER 50Mar 10, 2007
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Unlisted follis of Constantine, TrierFollis of Constantine
Trier
IMP CONSTANTINVS AVG
Lr, Dr bust R
SOLI INVICTO COMITI
Sol stg L, raising R hand, globe in L, chlamys dr over L shoulder
F / T // ATR
Variant of RIC VII TRIER 159 (no preceeding dot).Mar 10, 2007
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Unlisted follis of Crispus, London.Follis of Crispus
London
FL IVL CRISPUS NOB CAES
Lr, Dr bust R
SOLI INVICTO COMITI
Sol stg L, raising R hand, globe in left, chlamys dr over L shoulder
U / * // PLN
Unlisted obv legend for this issueMar 10, 2007
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RIC VII 029Follis of Constantine
London
IMP CONSTANTINVS AVG
Lr, Cuir bust R
SOLI INVICTO COMITI
Sol stg L, raising R hand, globe in L, chlamys spread
S / F // MLL
RIC VII LONDON 29Mar 10, 2007
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Unlisted follis of Constantine, London.Follis of Constantine
London
CONSTANTINUS PF AVG
Lr, Dr bust R
SOLI INVICTO COMITI
Sol stg L, raising R hand, globe in L
/ * // PLN
Variant of RIC VI LONDON 234
Listed as Chlamys Dr from L shoulder, but this is spread.Mar 10, 2007
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RIC VII 076 BFollis of Constantine
Trier
CONSTANTINVS PF AVG
Lr, Cuir bust R
SOLI INVICTO COMITI
Sol stg L raising R hand, globe in left, Chlamys draped on L shoulder
B / S // PTR
RIC VII TRIER 73 B Mar 10, 2007
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RIC VII 134 BFollis of Constantine
Trier
CONSTANTINVS PF AVG
Lr, Dr, Cuir bust R
SOLI INVICTO COMITI
Sol stg L raising R hand, globe in left, Chlamys spread
T / F // BTR
RIC VII TRIER 134 BMar 10, 2007
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Thrace, CherronesosThrace, Cherronesos. 400-350 BC. Silver Hemidrachm.
Obverse- Forepart of lion right, looking back.
Reverse- Quadripartite incuse square with two raised quadrants; VE monogram beside pellet in one quadrant, pentagram in another.
13 mm, 2.28 g.b70Mar 10, 2007
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Ariobarzanes III, Eusebes Philoromaios | Athena - Cappadocia, AR Drachm, 52-42 BC.
Ariobarzanes III, Eusebes Philoromaios | Athena - Silver Drachm
Obv: Ariobazarnes' diademed and beardless head, right facing.
Rev: Athena standing left, holding statuette of Nike in extended right, spear and shield in her left hand; star in crescent in inner left field, monogram in inner right; (illegible date in) exergue off flan: BAΣIΛEΩΣ AP[IOBAPZANOY] EYΣ[EBOY KAI ΦIΛOPΩMAIOY], enclosing reverse in square pattern.
Exergue: Off flan: [KAI ΦIΛOPΩMAIOY] and regnal date.
Mint: Mazaka or Eusebeia
Struck: 52-42 BC.
Size: 16.41 mm.
Weight: 3.5 grm.
Die axis: 0°
Condition: As shown in photo.
Refs:*
Sear, 7304
Simonetta 3a
BMC Galatia, pg. 42, 4.
TiathenaMar 10, 2007
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Ariobarzanes III, Eusebes Philoromaios | Athena - Cappadocia, AR Drachm, 52-42 BC.
Ariobarzanes III, Eusebes Philoromaios | Athena - Silver Drachm
Obv: Ariobazarnes' diademed and bearded head, right facing.
Rev: Athena standing left, holding statuette of Nike in extended right, spear and shield in her left hand; star in crescent in inner left field, monogram in inner right; (illegible date in) exergue off flan: BAΣIΛEΩΣ APIOBAPZANOY EYΣEB[OY KAI ΦIΛOPΩMAIOY], enclosing reverse in square pattern.
Exergue: Off flan: [KAI ΦIΛOPΩMAIOY] and regnal date.
Mint: Mazaka or Eusebeia
Struck: 52-42 BC.
Size: 16 mm.
Weight: 3.5 grm.
Die axis: 0°
Condition: As shown in photo.
Refs:*
Sear, 7304
Simonetta 3a
BMC Galatia, pg. 42, 4.
TiathenaMar 10, 2007
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Thracia, Topiros, Antoninus Pius, BMC 1Antoninus Pius, AD 138-161
AE 25, 9.05g
struck under magistrate Fabius Agrippinus
obv. [AVT KAI T AIL ADRIANOC] - ANTWNEINOC
head, radiate, r.
rev. EPI FAB AGRIPPEINOV TOPEIREI - TWN
Herakles, nude, std. l. on rocks covered with lion-skin, resting with l. hand on
rock and pointing with r. hand l.; between his knees the club
Ref.: BMC 1; RPC IV (online) 4559 (temp.)
very rare, F+/about VF, deep-brown patina, some roughness
An unsual depiction of Herakles!JochenMar 09, 2007
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Thracia, Hadrianopolis, Gordian III, Jurukova 570Gordian III, AD 238-244
AE 27, 8.39g
obv. AVT KM ANT - GORDIANOC AVG
Bust, draped and cuirassed, laureate, r.
rev. ADRI - AN / OPOLEIT / WN (WN ligate)
Kybele, in long clothes and wearing kalathos, holding tympanon and sceptre,
std. l. on lion, leaping r.; behind Korybant, helmeted, holding shield and
sword, dancing r.
Ref.: Jurukova 570 (v248/r554); Varbanov (engl.) 3797; Moushmov 2724
rare, about VF, patchy patinas
Varbanov describes the sword as torch!
The rev. resembles the Dionysos rev. where he rides in the same pose on a panther r.
JochenMar 09, 2007
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064 - Septimius Severus denarius - RIC - (466 corr?)Obv:– L SEPT SEV PERT AVG IMP VII-I, Laureate head right
Rev:– ARAB ADIABENIC, Victory advancing left holding wreath and palm
Minted in Laodicea-ad-Mare. A.D. 196-197
Ref:– Cohen -, BMCRE -, RIC -.
The reverse refers to victory over Niger. To hide the fact that this was a civil war, it is phrased as victory over Arabs and Adiabenians, who aided Niger's cause.
RIC IV 466 has the same reverse legend, listed as IMP VII but as Curtis points out this legend is probably a mis-reading of IMP VIII probably cause by the last I being after the bust as on this example. RIC 466 however is Victory with wreath and trophy whereas this type is Victory with wreath and palm. RIC and BMCRE cite Cohen 52 (5 Francs) for this coin. maridvnvmMar 09, 2007
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Magnesia ad Sipylos, Athena, NikeAE15, 2.7g
ANTIOCHOS I. SOTER, 280-261
minted in Magnesia on the Sipylos
draped bust of Athena wearing attic helmet/ BASILEWS - ANTIOCOU, Nike standing left, holding wreath in right hand
(Newell, WSM 272, 1458. SNG Spaer 240, Houghton-Lorber 123, 320)areichMar 09, 2007
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Ptolemy II PhiladelphosPtolemy II Philadelphos 285-246 BC Egypt, AE27areichMar 09, 2007
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ROMAN EMPIRE - GETARIC 51 - Sear5 #7197 Geta, as Caesar, Denarius. 203-208 AD. P SEPTIMVS GETA CAES, laureate bust right / PROVID DEORVM providence standing left, with scepter & pointing with wand at globe at feet. RSC 170. dpaul7Mar 09, 2007
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SELEUCID KINGDOM - ANTIOCHUS VIII GRYPHOSAntiochus VIII Gryphos, 121-96 BC, bronze of 19 mm, 6.21 grams. Obverse: Diademed bust Antiochus VIII to right. Reverse: Eagle, wings closed, stands left. Reference: cf. SNG Israel 2541.dpaul7Mar 09, 2007
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Caracalla, Pautalia, Serpentrev: OVΛΠIAC ΠAVTAΛIAC, coiled, nimbate serpent right
GICV -
$12areichMar 08, 2007
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Diadumenian, Nikopolis ad Istrum, Jupitermagistrate Statius Longinus
obv: K M OΠΠEΛ ANTON - ΔIAΔOVMENIANOC, bare headed, cuirassed bust right
rev: Jupiter standing left with staff
GICV -areichMar 08, 2007
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Geta, AE 27 TetrassariaIM C P SEPTI GETA PIV AV
Bust laureate, cuirassed, draped, right, seen from behind
M/VNICIPI STOBENSI
Nike advancing right with wreath and palm
V7 (=V5), R unlisted
Second known die of this reverse type for Geta whitetd49Mar 08, 2007
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Alexander III halfpennyMar 08, 2007
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Wvlfhere Copper stycaMar 08, 2007
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James I Thistle crownScallop
1606-1607Mar 08, 2007
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Elizabeth I 6d1581
Latin crossMar 08, 2007
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ROMAN EMPIRE - CARACALLARIC 24 Caracalla Denarius. 198 AD. IMP CAE M AVR ANT AVG P TR P, laureate draped bust right / FIDES PVBLICA, Fides standing right, holding corn ears & basket of fruit. RSC 82. dpaul7Mar 08, 2007
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Sear 876 - Decanummium - 610-641 AD - Carthage mintEmperor: Heraclius (r. 610-641 AD)
Date: 610-641 AD
Condition: VF
Denomination: Decanummium
Obverse: DN R [
Bust of Heraclius, beardless, wearing cuirass, paludamentum, and crown with pendilia, cross, and trefoil ornament.
Reverse: Large "X"; Above, cross; Beneath,  ; To left,  /N/ ; To right, /M/
Carthage mint
DO 236; Sear 876
2.92g; 14.4mm; 255°PepMar 08, 2007
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Sear 1108 - Follis - 652-653 AD (Indictional Year 11) - Syracuse mintEmperor: Constans II (r. 641-668 AD)
Date: 652-653 AD (Indictional Year 11)
Condition: EF
Denomination: Follis
Obverse: No legend
Constans standing, facing, with long beard, wearing chlamys and crown with cross. In right hand, globus cruciger. To left, I/N/ ; to right, I/ .
Reverse: Large "M"; Above, cross.
Exergue: SCL
Syracuse mint
DO 179; Sear 1108
3.85g; 25.2mm; 180°
Overstruck on an earlier Syracusan Follis of Constans II.PepMar 08, 2007
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Sear 1113 - Half Follis - 651-652 AD (Indictional Year 10) - Syracuse mintEmperor: Constans II (r. 641-668 AD)
Date: 651-652 AD (Indictional Year 10)
Condition: VF/Fine
Denomination: Half Follis
Obverse: No legend
Bust facing, with long beard, wearing chlamys and crown with cross. In right hand, globus cruciger.
Reverse: Large " "
To left, /N; To right, I.
Syracuse mint
DO 183; Sear 1113
4.41g; 22.2mm; 165°PepMar 08, 2007
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Moesia inferior, Nikopolis ad Istrum, 25. Diadumenian, HrHJ (2018) 8.25.43.05 (plate coin)Diadumenian, AD 217-218
AE 29, 12.45g, 28.76mm, 45°
struck under governor Marcus Claudius Agrippa
obv. K M OPPEL ANTWNIN - DIADOVMENIANOC
Bust, draped, bare-headed, r.
rev. VP AGRIPP - A NIKOPOLITWN P / ROC ICT (PP ligate)
Youth, nude to hips, std. l. on rocks, looking r., holding reed in raised r. hand
and resting with l. hand on rock.
ref. a) AMNG I/1, 1810 (2 ex., Paris, trade)
b) Varbanov (engl.) 3663
c) Hristova/Hoeft/Jekov (2018) No. 8.25.43.5 (plate coin)
very rare, VF, deep green patina
Because there is now urn with flowing water, Pick thinks that the youth is a mountain-god.JochenMar 07, 2007
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Septimius Severus Laodicea-ad-Mare Portrait stage 1Messing about with adding colour to portraits. This one is Septimius Severus from the early types from Laodicea-ad-Mare. The before pic.
maridvnvmMar 07, 2007
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Septimius Severus Laodicea-ad-Mare Portrait stage 2Messing about with adding colour to portraits. This one is Septimius Severus from the early types from Laodicea-ad-Mare. Here the coloured image is still on the coin.maridvnvmMar 07, 2007
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Sear 839 - Follis - 611-612 AD (Year 2) - Cyzicus mint - 2nd officinaEmperor: Heraclius (r. 610-641 AD)
Date: 611-612 AD (Year 2)
Condition: Fine/VF+
Denomination: Follis
Obverse: ]RCLI - PPERPVC
Bust facing, bearded, wearing cuirass and helmet with plume and pendilia. In right hand, cross; on left shoulder, shield with horseman device.
Reverse: Large "M"; Above, cross; To left, /N/N/O; To right, II; Beneath, B.
Exergue: KYZ
Cyzicus mint, second officina
DO 168b; Sear 839
11.88g; 30.4mm; 195°PepMar 07, 2007
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Gordian III, Markianopolis, Demeter, AE27Gordian III 238-244 AE27 of Markianopolis. Magistrate Menophilus.
AE27, 9.35g
Obv: M ANT GORΔIANOC AVG, laureate and draped bust right
Rev: VP MHNOΦIΛOV MAPKIANOΠOΛITΩN, Demeter standing left with ears of grain and torch
GICV -areichMar 07, 2007
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Elagabalus, Markianopolis, Homonoia, AE25Elgabalus
25mm, 7.35g, Æ 25 (4 Assaria)
Magistrate: Sergius Titianus
Obv: AVT K M AVP ANTΩNEINOC, laureate, draped & cuirassed bust right
Rev: V ΠCEPΓ TITIANO MAPKIANOΠOΛITΩN, Homonoia standing left, patera in right, cornucopia in left hand
Moushmov 633
$20
GICV -
ex AAHareichMar 07, 2007
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ROMAN EMPIRE - JULIA MAESARIC 249 - sear5 #7749 Julia Maesa Denarius. 218-220 AD. IVLIA MAESA AVG, draped bust right / FECVNDITAS AVG, Fecunditas standing left, extending her hand over a child & holding cornucopiae. RSC 8.
Rome mint: AD 218-220 = RIC IVii, 249, page 49 - Cohen 8 - SEAR RCV II (2002), #7749, page 631 dpaul7Mar 07, 2007
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ROMAN EMPIRE - PHILIP I - THE ARABRIC 27b - Sear #8918 Philip I AR Antoninianus. IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG, radiate, draped & cuirassed bust right / AEQVITAS AVGG, Aequitas standing left with scales & cornucopia. RIC 27b, RSC 9.
Rome mint: AD 246-247 dpaul7Mar 07, 2007
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ROMAN EMPIRE - TREBONIANUS GALLUSRIC 69 - Sear '88 #2783 Trebonianus Gallus AR Antoninianus. IMP C C VIB TREB GALLVS AVG, radiate, draped& cuirassed bust right / IVNO MARTIALIS, Juno seated left with corn ears & scepter. RIC 69, RSC 46.
Milan mintdpaul7Mar 07, 2007
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Moesia inferior, Nikopolis ad Istrum, 26. Elagabal, HrHJ (2018) 8.26.38.18 #1 (plate coin)Elagabal, AD 218-222
AE 26, 11.92g, 26.49mm, 180°
struck under governor Novius Rufus
obv. AVT K M AVRH - ANTWNEINOC (C square)
laureate head r.
rev. VP NOBIOV ROVFOV NIK - OPOLITWN PROC ITRON(sic!)
Tyche, richly draped and wearing kalathos, stg. facing, head l., holding
cornucopiae in l. arm and with r. hand rudder set on globe
ref. a) not in AMNG:
obv. AMNG I/1, 1965
rev. AMNG I/1, 1975 (depiction)
AMNG I/1, 1930 (legend)
b) Varbanov (engl.) 4083
c) Hristova/Hoeft/Jekov (2018) No. 8.26.38.18 (plate coin)
very rare, about VF
The long rev. legend without breaks seems to be very rare!
JochenMar 06, 2007
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Probus Lugdunum PortraitMessing about with adding colour to portraits. This one is Probus from Lugdunum. More work to do with this one I think. maridvnvmMar 06, 2007
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Septimius Severus Laodicea-ad-Mare Portrait stage 3Messing about with adding colour to portraits. This one is Septimius Severus from the early types from Laodicea-ad-Mare.
It makes the portrait of the emperor seem very cartoon-like.maridvnvmMar 06, 2007
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Thracia, Philippopolis, Septimius Severus, Moushmov 5250Septimius Severus, AD 193-211
AE 19, 5.31g
obv. AV KL. C - CEVHROC P
Bust, laureate, r.
rev. FILIPPO - POLEITWN
Thanatos(?), winged, nude, stg. l. with crossed legs, resting on column l. and
holding flaming torch downwards with r. hand; l. hand on r. shoulder
Ref.: Moushmov 5250
Rare, about VF, darkgreen patina
The figure on the reverse looks much older than the usual putto like Erotes on the other coins of this type. May be that this actually Thanatos?
JochenMar 06, 2007
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Moesia inferior, Nikopolis ad Istrum, 26. Elagabal, HrHJ (2018) 8.26.54.20 #1 (plate coin)Elagabal, AD 218-222
AE 28, 12.93g, 27.92mm, 180°
obv. AV K M AVRH - ANTWNINOC
bust, laureate, r., slightly draped on l. shoulder
rev. N / IKOP / OLITW / N PROC / ICTRO / N (in 6 lines)
in oak-wreath with two floral garlandes at the bottom
ref. a) not in AMNG
b) not in Varbanov (engl.)
c) Hristova/Hoeft/Jekov (2018) No. 8.26.54.20 (plate coin)
d) BMC 69
rare, VF, brown patina
rarer bust typeJochenMar 06, 2007
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Moesia inferior, Nikopolis ad Istrum, 26. Elagabal, HrHJ (2018) 8.26.22.15 (plate coin)Elagabal, AD 218-222
AE 26, 10.25g, 25.62mm, 0°
struck under governor Novius Rufus
obv. AVT K M AVR - ANTWNEINOC (C square)
laureate head r.
rev. VP NOBIOV ROVFOV NIKOPOLITWN
in ex. dot PROC IC dot (PR ligate)
in l. and r. field TRO - N
armored snake in four elaborate coils erected r., head with nimbus
note: K and T of NIKOPOLIS missing a line, crude legend style
ref.: a) not in AMNG:
obv. AMNG I/1, 1998
rev. cf. AMNG I/1, 1998 (legend, but fields with TR - ON)
AMNG I/1, 1996 (depiction)
b) Varbanov (engl.) 4063 var. (cites AMNG 1996)
c) Hristova/Hoeft/Jekov (2018) No. 8.26.22.15 (plate coin)
Rare, about VF
JochenMar 06, 2007
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Moesia inferior, Nikopolis ad Istrum, 26. Elagabal, HrHJ (2018) 8.26.01.22 (plate coin)Elagabal, AD 218-222
AE 5, 11.15g, 25.45mm, 30°
struck under governor Novius Rufus (as always!)
obv. AVT K M AVR - ANTWNEINOC (C square)
laureate head r.
rev. VP NOBIOV ROVFOV NIKOPOLITWN
l. field PR / C I (PR ligate)
r. field CTR / ON (ON ligate)
Eagle stg. facing, tail l., head l. with wreath in beak
note: very crude legend style
Ref.: a) not in AMNG:
cf. AMNG 1994 (has AVRH and different distribution of legend in the field)
b) Varbanov (engl.) 4010 var. (different obv. legend and bust type)
c) Hristova/Hoeft/Jekov (2018) No. 8.26.1.22 (plate coin)
Rare, good F/about VF, glossy green patina
JochenMar 06, 2007
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