England - Houses of Lancaster and York
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S.1728 Henry IVGroat of Henry IV, king of England, 1399-1413
Mint: London
Mintmark: cross pattee
S.1728
N. 1359b
Potter III-4/III-2
Coins of Henry IV are very rare. There was a heavy coinage early in his reign but almost all of it was melted once the weight standard changed in 1412. The light coinage was produced during the last year of his life, and due to its brevity it is unclear when the transition to Henry V coinage occurred. Coins of Henry IV generally have a slipped trefoil on the breast and a slipped trefoil in the outer reverse legend. Also, a pellet to the left of the crown and an annulet to the right. There are mules between Henry IV and Henry V obverses and reverses, and it is not clear when these were made.
Ex- Spink Auction 20004 (lot 73), J Atkinson, DNW Auction 148 (lot 286), Glendining 17 Apr 1985 (lot 80), M Delme-RadcliffeSt. George's Collection
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S.1728 Henry IVGroat of Henry IV, king of England, 1399-1413
Mint: London
Mintmark: cross pattee
S.1728
N. 1359b
Potter III-4/III-2
Coins of Henry IV are very rare. There was a heavy coinage early in his reign but almost all of it was melted once the weight standard changed in 1412. The light coinage was produced during the last year of his life, and due to its brevity it is unclear when the transition to Henry V coinage occurred. Coins of Henry IV generally have a slipped trefoil on the breast and a slipped trefoil in the outer reverse legend. Also, a pellet to the left of the crown and an annulet to the right. There are mules between Henry IV and Henry V obverses and reverses, and it is not clear when these were made.
Ex- Spink Auction 20004 (lot 73), J Atkinson, DNW Auction 148 (lot 286), Glendining 17 Apr 1985 (lot 80), M Delme-RadcliffeSt. George's Collection
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S.1765 Henry VGroat of Henry V, king of England, 1413-1422
Mint: London
Mintmark: cross pattee
S.1765
N. 1387b
Potter VII
Class Cb
There is some confusion as to the proper attribution of the groats of Henry IV and V. Generally, those with the pellet and annulet next to crown are attributed to Henry IV, and those with the mullet on the chest to Henry V. The many mules of the two types are more difficult to clearly attribute. This one has a mullet and a reverse with multiple saltires, which clearly puts it in the reign of Henry V.
Ex- P.Hutchings, I.WhiteSt. George's Collection
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S.1765 Henry VGroat of Henry V, king of England, 1413-1422
Mint: London
Mintmark: cross pattee
S.1765
N. 1387b
Potter VII
Class Cb
There is some confusion as to the proper attribution of the groats of Henry IV and V. Generally, those with the pellet and annulet next to crown are attributed to Henry IV, and those with the mullet on the chest to Henry V. The many mules of the two types are more difficult to clearly attribute. This one has a mullet and a reverse with multiple saltires, which clearly puts it in the reign of Henry V.
Ex- P.Hutchings, I.WhiteSt. George's Collection
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S.1875 Henry VIGroat of Henry VI, king of England, first reign 1422-1461
Mint: Calais
Mintmark: pinecone and mascle
S.1875
Ex- Silbury Coins
St. George's Collection
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S.1875 Henry VIGroat of Henry VI, king of England, first reign 1422-1461
Mint: Calais
Mintmark: pinecone and mascle
S.1875
Ex- Silbury CoinsSt. George's Collection
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S.1926 Henry VIPenny of Henry VI, king of England, first reign 1422-1461
Leaf-pellet type
Under Bishop Robert Neville
Mint: Durham
S.1926
This coin is from Durham. While the legends are difficult to see due to the small sized flan, the connected annulets on the reverse are the symbol of Robert Neville, a member of the powerful Neville family, and who was Bishop of Salisbury and of Durham.
Ex- Hammered British CoinsSt. George's Collection
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S.2000 Edward IVGroat of Edward IV, king of England, first reign 1461-1470
Mint: London
Mintmark: sun
S.2000
O: EDWARD DI GRA ANGL Z FRANC
R: POSVI DEVMA DIVTOR EMEVM CIVI TAS LON DON
Ex- CNG, M.Freehill, SpinkSt. George's Collection
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S.2000 Edward IVGroat of Edward IV, king of England, first reign 1461-1470
Mint: London
Mintmark: sun
S.2000
O: EDWARD DI GRA ANGL Z FRANC
R: POSVI DEVMA DIVTOR EMEVM CIVI TAS LON DON
Ex- CNG, M.Freehill, SpinkSt. George's Collection
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S.2155 Richard III, in the name of Edward VGroat of Richard III, in the name of Edward V, king of England 1483
Mint: London
Mintmark: boar's head 1 over sun and rose 1/sun and rose 1
S.2155
This issue was probably struck under Richard III but before Edward's death in the tower. The coin's obverse depicts the boar's head mint-mark, which replaced the halved sun-and-rose, which was in use probably from the end of Edward IV's reign until Richard. The sun and rose groats in the name of Edward cannot conclusively be attributed to either Edward IV or Edward V. On the other hand, coins with the boar's head are presumably from Richard's time, since the boar's head was Richard's symbol.
This leads to a confusing coinage of 1483, where major events occurred during a period of 3 months. Edward IV died on April 9. His eldest son Edward was styled Edward V, though never had a coronation. The 12 year-old Edward unfortunately became a political pawn, and his uncle Richard, unsatisfied with his role as Lord Protector, managed to have Edward and his brother Richard of Shrewsbury declared illegitamate and marginalized. Uncle Richard became King Richard III on June 26. Edward and his brother were prisoners in the tower, and it is likely that they were murdered that year, though nobody really knows when they died. Bones purporting to be the two princes were found in the 17th century, but have never been analyzed by modern DNA testing.
So we are left with a coin in the name of Edward, but depicting Richard III's badge. The Edward could be Edward IV, and there are plenty of situations of coinage continuing in the name of the recently deceased king (coins of Richard I in the name of Henry II, coins of Edward I in the name of Henry III, and Edward VI in the name of Henry VIII). It could also be Edward V, since Richard was trying, at least initially, to appear to be ruling in Edward V's name as Lord Protector. It can possibly be considered that ths coin was struck by Richard in Edward V's name before the demise of the young king, perhaps during Richard's protectorate. Or it could be a posthumous issue as it seems to be contemporaneous with other coins in the name of Richard himself.
My take is that the Edward written on the coin is most likely to be Edward V, making this one of the very few coins that come from that reign.
The obverse die appears to be the same as Motcombe 144.
Ex- DNW 3 Jul 2019 (lot 802), M Lessen, Spink, SNC Jan/Feb 1926 (lot 49003)St. George's Collection
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S.2156 Richard IIIGroat of Richard III, king of England 1483
Mint: London
Mintmark: boar's head 1
S.2156
Ex- S.HallSt. George's Collection
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S.2169 Richard IIIPenny of Richard III, 1483
Mint: Durham
Mintmark: lis
Struck under Bishop Sherwood
S.2169
O: +RICAR[DVS REX ANGL], S on breast
R: CIVI [TAS DVR] hAM, D in center
All coinage of Richard III is scarce, though the Durham pennies are among the more common. Generally the coins are on undersized flans and portions of the legend are not appreciated, however this can easily be appreciated as a Durham issue because of the S on Richard's chest (for Sherwood, not Superman), and for the D on the center of the reverse.
Ex- S.Mote, D.Baker, DNW 20 Feb 2019 (lot 96), J.Hulett, BaldwinSt. George's Collection
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