4. The Flavian Dynasty - Provincial Coins
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RPC 0310 Titus as Caesar [Vespasian]Æ26, 9.25g
Stobi (Macedonia) mint, 77-78 AD
Obv: T IMP VESPASIANVS AVG F COS VI; Head of Titus, laureate bearded, r.; globe at point of truncation
Rev: MVNICIPIVM STOBENSIVM; tetrastyle temple on the podium with two steps; inside, cult figure, r.; globe in pediment
RPC 310 (2 spec.).
Acquired from CGB.fr, November 2020.
The important northern Macedonian city of Stobi became a municipium during the early imperial period either under Augustus or Vespasian. Sometime after 69 AD, Vespasian granted Stobi the right to mint its own coins for use in local trade. This diassaria(?) dated to 77/78 AD struck under Vespasian in the name of Titus Caesar features an unidentified tetrastyle temple on the reverse. The figure depicted inside the structure may be a cult statue of Zeus, possibly attributing the temple to that deity.
Beautiful emerald green patina.David Atherton
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RPC 0311 Titus and Domitian as Caesars [Vespasian]Æ26, 8.34g
Stobi (Macedonia) mint, undated
Obv: T CAESAR IMP DOMITIANVS CAESAR; Laureate and draped bust of Titus, r., seen from rear, facing head of Domitian, l.
Rev: MVNICIPI STOBENSIVM; Temple with four columns; inside, cult figure; globe on pediment
RPC 311 (8 spec.).
Acquired from JAZ Numismatics, March 2022.
Stobi in Macedonia became a Roman municipium sometime during the First century, perhaps under Vespasian. It was an important, flourishing city in the region situated at the crucial junction of the Axios and Erigon rivers. The city's first coins were struck under Vespasian, which might lend credence to municipium status being granted at this time. This undated copper diassaria(?) features Latin legends and dual portraits of the two Flavian princes on the obverse and an unknown temple on the reverse. Titus Caesar is given prominence over Domitian with his draped bust and left placement. The unidentified temple on the reverse possibly depicts a well known structure located within the city, or may just simply be a standard symbolic ethnic design.David Atherton
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RPC 0320 VespasianÆ23, 8.00g
Thessalonica (Macedonia) mint, undated
Obv: ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΩΡ ΚΑΙΣΑΡ ΟΥΕΣΠΑΣ; Head of Vespasian, laureate, l.
Rev: ΘΕΣΣΑ/ΛΟΝΙΚΕ/ΩΝ in three lines within oak wreath; above inscription, eagle standing, l., head r.
RPC 320 (6 spec.).
Acquired from Ephesus Numismatics, January 2023.
During the Flavian era Thessalonica produced a smattering of coins under Vespasian and then again under Domitian. This 1 assarion piece struck for Vespasian is quite scarce with only 6 specimens recorded in the core collections cited by RPC.
David Atherton
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RPC 0333 VespasianÆ25, 10.84g
Koinon of Macedonia, undated
Obv: ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΩΡ ΚΑΙΣΑΡ ΟΥΕΣΡΑΣΙΑΝΟΣ; Head of Vespasian, laureate, l.
Rev: ΣΕΒΑΣΤΟΣ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΩΝ; Macedonian shield
RPC 333 (7 spec.).
Acquired from Forvm Ancient Coins, November 2021.
The Koinon of Macedonia struck a small undated issue of bronze coinage under the Flavians. The reverse on the Æ25 depicts the famous ethnic type of a Macedonian shield. The shield is likely copied from the tetradrachms depicting the one Alexander the Great's army used during their conquests. Hundreds of years later the shield remained a potent and proud symbol for the region.David Atherton
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RPC 0345 Domitian Æ24, 7.25g
Philippi (Macedonia) mint, 87 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOM AVG GERM COS XIII; Head of Domitian, laureate, l.
Rev: COL AVG IVL PHILIPP; Three bases; on middle one, statue of Augustus in military dress crowned by statue of Divus Julius wearing toga, with DIVVS / AVG on base
RPC 345 (4 spec.).
Ex Musa Numismatic Art, October 2021.
The Roman colony of Philippi during the Flavian era produced a smattering of rare bronzes, all of which depict the same statue group of Augustus crowned by Julius Caesar. Presumably, the great battle of Philippi in 42 BC still loomed large in the Colony's collective psyche 129 years later. The reverse may also be a nod to Augustus in honour of his refounding of the colony in 31 BC. By the time this coin was struck under Domitian Philippi was a moderately sized Greek city (perhaps with a pop. of 10,000) combining a strong Roman cultural influence.David Atherton
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RPC 0607 Domitian as Caesar [Vespasian]Æ Assarion, 5.41g
Koinon of Bithynia, Reign of Vespasian (69-79 AD), M. Maecius Rufus proconsul
Obv: ΔΟΜΙΤΙΑΝΟΣ ΚΑΙΣΑΡ ΣΕΒΑΣ ΥΙΟΣ; Head of Domitian, laureate, r.
Rev: ΕΠΙ Μ ΜΑΙΚΙΟΥ ΡΟΥΦΟΥ ΑΝΘΥΠΑΤΟΥ; Spear and round shield
RPC 607 (6 spec.).
Acquired from eBay, May 2021.
The Koinon of Bithynia produced several issues of bronze coinage during Vespasian's reign under four separate proconsuls, all of which are undated which makes assigning a chronology difficult. This assarion of Domitian Caesar struck under the proconsulship of Maecius Rufus possibly dates towards the middle of Vespasian's reign, but hard evidence is lacking to be certain. The reverse likely commemorates the silver shield and spear granted to Domitian Caesar as princeps iuventutis by the equestrian order. A most appropriate reverse type for the young prince.
As mentioned above, I purchased this coin because of the artistic portrait, which is one of the finest I've come across for this issue (normally they are a bit more unrefined). In other words it's not a 'Friday afternoon' die.David Atherton
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RPC 1028 Vespasian the Younger [Domitian]Æ Hemiassarion, 3.15g
Smyrna (Ionia) mint, 94-95 AD
Obv: ΟΥƐϹΠΑϹΙΑΝΟϹ ΝΕΩΤΕΡΟϹ; Head of Vespasian the Younger, bare, r.
Rev: ΖΜΥΡΝΑΙΩΝ; Nike advancing r., holding wreath and palm
RPC 1028 (17 spec.).
Ex Leu Numismatik, Web Auction 18, 19-21 December 2021, lot 1953.
Toward the end of his reign in 94 or 95 Domitian adopted the sons of his cousin Titus Flavius Clemens with the intent of making them his heirs. He renamed them Vespasian the Younger and Domitian the Younger while making Clemens consul. However, not long afterwards Domitian became suspicious of Clemens and had him executed on the charges of 'atheism'. His wife Domitilla III was exiled as well on the same charges. We do not know the fate of the two boys, presumably they were punished in some way because they disappear from the historical record.
Smyrna was the only city in all of the empire to strike coins for the newly adopted heir Vespasian the Younger. No coins are known for Domitian the Younger. Perhaps Vespasian the Younger born in the late 80s was the eldest making him the senior crown prince. The coin portraits indeed show a child of around 7-10 years of age which would be about right. His coins could not have been struck for any length of time before news reached the city of the family's 'treachery', perhaps explaining the issue's rarity today.
As mentioned above Flavius Clemens was executed on the charges of 'atheism', this according to a much later account written by Cassius Dio. Dio goes on further to state that other Romans who drifted into Jewish ways were similarly executed. Many scholars have plausibility theorised that Clemens and Domitilla converted to Judaism and were punished by the religiously rigid Domitian. There is also a later Christian tradition that Clemens and his wife converted to Christianity, although there is no evidence to back up such a claim.David Atherton
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RPC 1076 Domitian and DomitiaÆ23, 8.17g
Ephesus mint, Undated
Obv: ΔΟΜΙΤΙΑΝΟϹ ΚΑΙϹΑΡ ΔΟΜΙΤΙΑ ϹƐΒΑϹΤΗ; laureate head of Domitian, r., facing draped bust of Domitia, l.
Rev: ΝƐΙΚΗ ΔΟΜΙΤΙΑΝΟΥ ƐΦƐ; Nike advancing l., holding wreath and palm
RPC 1076 (11 spec.).
Acquired from Forvm Ancient Coins, March 2023. Formerly in NGC holder #4285432-007, grade Ch F.
An undated bronze struck in Asia Minor at Ephesus, featuring the imperial couple together on the obverse. The Nike on the reverse probably refers to a specific Domitianic victory rather than simply being generic, although which victory it commemorates is unknown (RPC II p. 167).David Atherton
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RPC 1219 DomitianÆ19 5.52g
Antioch ad Maeandrum (Caria) mint, Ti Claudius Agelaus Frugi magistrate
Obv: ΔΟΜΙΤΙΑΝΟϹ ΚΑΙϹΑΡ; Head of Domitian, laureate, r.
Rev: ƐΠΙΜƐΛΗ(ΘƐΝΤΟϹ ΤΙ) ΚΛ ΑΓΛΑΟΥ ΦΡΟΥΓΙ, ΑΝΤΙΟΧƐΙΑ; Turreted city-goddess (Antiochia) seated, l., holding patera
RPC 1219 (9 spec.).
Acquired from eBay, January 2022.
A small issue of bronzes were struck under Domitian at Antioch ad Maeandrum signed by the magistrate Ti Claudius Agelaus Frugi. The coins are fairly common, which suggests a locally substantial issue. Interestingly, this coin features a personification of the city goddess Antiocha, which does not appear on the coinage again. The city was situated at a bridge over the Maeander river and presumably was an important centre of trade. Its major claim to fame is the famous Venus de Milo, which is believed to have been sculpted there by one of its citizens.David Atherton
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RPC 1263 DomitianÆ22, 5.56g
Cibyra (Phrygia) mint, Klau Bias high priest
Obv: ΔΟΜΙΤΙΑΝΟϹ ΚΑΙ ϹƐΒΑΥΟϹ (sic); Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: ƐΠΙ ΑΡΧΙƐΡΕΩϹ ΚΛΑΥ ΒΙΑΝΤΟϹ, ΚΙ ΒΥ; Dionysus standing, l., holding cantharus and thyrsus; to l., panther
RPC 1263 (9 spec.).
Acquired from Forvm Ancient Coins, November 2022.
Cibyra struck coins during the reign of Domitian under the authority of the high priest Klau Bias. Dräger proposes a date of c. 93-96 for the issue, although this cannot be certain. Previously, the city had produced coins under Augustus, Tiberius, and Vespasian. The Domitanic issue shows a marked improvement in style along with an increase in production. This coin shows one of the more popular reverse types from the issue depicting Dionysus the god of wine, fertility, and ritual madness pouring wine for his beloved panther companion. It is almost certainly based on a cult image.David Atherton
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RPC 1308 VespasianÆ Assarion, 3.36g
Sardis (Lydia) mint, no magistrate's name
Obv: ΟΥƐϹΠΑϹΙΑΝΟϹ ΚΑΙϹΑΡ; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: ϹΑΡΔΙΑΝΩΝ; temple with four columns
RPC 1308 (1 spec.).
Acquired from Forvm, October 2020.
A decently rare assarion struck at Sardis, Lydia sometime under Vespasian. The lack of a magistrate's name makes it difficult to pin down an approximate date, although it may have been produced chronologically before the coins that are signed with a magistrate's name. The structure on the reverse possibly could be the famous Temple of Artemis at Sardis, which was the fourth largest ionic temple in the ancient world. The temple had to have been a great source of civic pride for the citizens of Sardis and naturally would have been a superb choice for a reverse type for their coinage. Although, it must be noted, the temple depicted on the coin bares little resemblance to the archaeological remains. More promisingly, the mysterious structure on the coin has been attributed to a pseudodipteral temple recently discovered within the archaeological remains of the city (Ratte, Howe, Foss, 1986).The temple dates to the First century and has tentatively been identified with the imperial cult.
Fetching desert patina and well centred.David Atherton
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RPC 1309 Time of VespasianÆ17, 2.86g
Sardis (Lydia) mint, 69-79 AD
Obv: ΙƐΡΑ ϹΥΝΚΛΗΤ(ΟϹ); Draped bust of Senate, r.
Rev: ϹΑΡΔΙΑΝΩΝ; Temple with four columns
RPC 1309 (1 spec.).
Acquired from David Connors, August 2021.
The mint of Sardis in Asia minor had previously struck coins for the Julio-Claudians. This undated small bronze most likely was struck sometime during Vespasian's reign (although a Second Century date cannot be ruled out). The obverse features a draped bust of the Holy Senate with the reverse showing an anonymous temple. The weight indicates this piece's likely value as 1/2-assarion.David Atherton
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RPC 1311 VespasianÆ27, 8.24g
Sardis (Lydia) mint, Titus Flavius Eisigonos (strategos)
Obv: ΑΥΤΟΚ ΚΑΙϹ ΟΥΕϹΠΑϹΙΑΝΩ; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: ΕΠΙ (Τ) ΦΛ ΕΙϹΙΓΟΝΟΥ ϹΑΡΔΙΑΝΩΝ; Pluto and Persephone in quadriga, r.
RPC 1311 (6 spec.).
Acquired from Tom Vossen, November 2023.
The rape, or more accurately abduction, of Prospernia (Persephone in Greek) depicted on the reverse of this Sardian provincial bronze is an infamous scene from Greco-Roman mythology. Here we see Pluto carrying away Prospernia in his chariot. The story of Proserpina explains why there is winter:
'One day, when Proserpina, daughter of Ceres, the goddess of agriculture, was gathering flowers in the fields, she was abducted by Pluto, god of the underworld, and carried off to his kingdom. Ceres was consumed with grief and in anger she scorched the earth, preventing grain from growing and the earth from producing fruit. Forced to intervene, Jupiter negotiated a compromise that provided Proserpina had not eaten anything while in the underworld she would be set free. Pluto however had offered Proserpina part of a pomegranate, which she accepted. The Fates would not allow Proserpina to be fully released, but a settlement was agreed upon by which she would spend part of the year with Pluto in the underworld (winter) and part of the year with her mother Ceres (summer). When Proserpina is with Pluto the earth is barren and cold and when she returns to her mother, Ceres pours forth the blessings of spring to welcome her beloved daughter home.'
The story has been told in paintings and sculpture throughout the ages. During the Renaissance a large Baroque marble group sculpture by Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini titled 'The Rape of Proserpina' most famously immortalised the tale for a modern audience. This Sardian bronze struck under Vespasian, while not exceedingly rare, is seldom encountered in trade.David Atherton
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RPC 1389 Vespasian Æ25, 9.00g
Apamea (Phrygia) mint, Plancius Varus magistrate
Obv: AYTOKPOTΩP KAIΣAP ΣΕΒΑΣΤΟΣ OYEΣΠΑΣIANOΣ; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r,
Rev: EΠΙ ΠΛΑNKIOY OYAPOY KOINON ΦPYΓIAΣ ΑΠΑMEIΣ; bundle of five corn-ears
RPC 1389 (15 spec.).
Acquired from Tom Vossen, October 2018.
The important crossroads city of Apamea produced only one issue of coins during the Flavian era for the Koinon of Phrygia. M. Dräger has proposed that the issue could have been struck to help finance the Koinon's recovery after an earthquake, citing an ambiguous remark in Suetonius about Vespasian's civic generosity - 'he restored to a better condition very many states throughout the whole world that had been afflicted by earthquakes or fire' (Vesp. 17). It is quite possible that such a disaster occurred during Vespasian's reign in Phrygia since the region is prone to frequent seismic activity. Earthquakes are known to have previously struck the area in 53 and 60 AD and Strabo speaks of such a disaster which rocked the region during the Mithridatic Wars. The issue is undated, but names Plancius Varus, who perhaps is the same person that is recorded as a Flavian legate in Asia during the reign of Vespasian. Varus is thought to have died by 81. The type of five bundled corn-ears echoes a similar reverse of two bundled corn-ears struck by the city under Augustus.
Nice green patina featuring a severe portrait of Vespasian.David Atherton
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RPC 1406 VespasianÆ19, 6.57g
Cotiaeum (Phrygia) mint, Tiberius Claudius Varus magistrate
Obv: ΚΟΤΙΑΕΙΣ ΟΥΕΣΠΑΣΙΑΝΟΝ ΚΑΙΣΑΡΑ; Head of Vespasian, laureate, l.
Rev: ΕΠΙ ΤΙ ΚΛΑ ΟΥΑΡΟΥ; Zeus (?) stg. l., with hand raised
RPC 1406 (1 spec.).
Acquired from Ken Dorney, December 2023.
Cotiaeum fleetingly produced brass coins during the Flavian period under Vespasian and Domitian. Most varieties are fairly rare, known only from one or two specimens. This undated Zeus standing type was struck by the magistrate Tiberius Claudius Varus. Only one specimen of this Zeus type with left portrait is cited by RPC in the core collections.David Atherton
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RPC 1413 Titus as Caesar [Vespasian]Æ19, 3.92g
Dorylaeum (Phrygia) mint, before 79 AD, Ti. Catius Silius Italicus proconsul
Obv: ΤΙΤΟΣ ΚΑΙΣΑΡ; Head of Titus, laureate, r.
Rev: ΙΤΑΛΙΚΩ ΑΝΘΥΠΑΤΩ ΔΟΡΥΛΑΕΩΝ; Zeus std. l., holding thunderbolt and sceptre
RPC 1413 (8 spec.).
Acquired from collectamoneta, eBay, January 2024.
Dorylaeum first struck coins under Vespasian during the proconsulship of Ti. Catius Silius Italicus sometime before 79. Two denominations are known - 24 mm for Vespasian and 19 mm for Titus Caesar. Qualitative metal analysis shows them to be brass. A local civic issue that is somewhat scarce today. David Atherton
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RPC 1422 Vespasian Æ21, 8.36g
Amorium (Phrygia) mint, L. Antonios Longeinos magistrate
Obv: ΟΥΕΣΠΑΣΙΑΝΟΝ ΚΑΙΣΑΡΑ ΑΜΟ; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: ΕΠΙ Λ ΑΝΤΩΝΙΟΥ Λ(ΟΝΓ); Temple with two columns enclosing Zeus seated, l., with thunderbolt and spear
RPC 1422 (5 spec.).
Acquired from David Connors, July 2022.
Amorium struck two undated issues of coins under Vespasian by the magistrates L. Vipsanios Silvanos and L. Antonios Longeinos respectively. Three denominations were struck, the largest one features a temple. This Æ21 issued by Longeinos shows a seated Zeus within a distyle temple, presumably an important structure within the city. Although Amorium was not a Roman colony, it was an important crossroads and market town in the region and frequently minted its own coins until the early third century. David Atherton
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RPC 1502 DomitianAR Drachm, 3.26g
Rome mint (for Lycia), 95 AD
Obv: AYT KAIC ΔOMITIANOC CЄBACTOC ΓЄPM; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: ЄTOYC IΔ YPATOY IZ; Lyre, to r., branch
RPC 1502 (5 spec.).
Ex Den of Antiquity, eBay, May 2016.
Domitian struck Lycian drachms in 95, the first Lycian silver issued since the time of Claudius. They are in fine Rome mint style with a six o'clock die axis and therefore are most likely products of that mint. Surprisingly, K. Butcher and M. Ponting's analysis of the series show these drachms were struck with Greek silver at 80% fineness - a different metal and fineness than contemporary Roman denarii. Lycian drachms were of similar size to the denarius and they circulated quite widely throughout the empire.
A good Rome style portrait. Much better in hand.David Atherton
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RPC 1503 DomitianAR Drachm, 3.22g
Rome mint (for Lycia), 95 AD
Obv: AYT KAIC ΔOMITIANOC CЄBACTOC ΓЄPM; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: ЄTOYC IΔ YPATOY IZ; Two lyres with owl perched on top
RPC 1503 (2 spec.).
Ex Lanz, eBay, October 2017.
A small issue of drachms were struck by Domitian for Lycia in 95. The style and six o'clock die axis point to Rome as the home mint. These drachms were produced alongside Domitian's Roman style cistophori from the same year. Both issues share the same Macedonian silver content of 80% fineness. The drachms weighed about one third of a cistophorus and likely were valued accordingly. It is not known if the two denominations circulated together or separately. Because of the drachms similar weight and appearance with contemporary denarii, they appear in denarius hoards all over the empire and seemed to have circulated with them. Interestingly, this drachm has the traditional Lycian lyres along with Athena's owl, perhaps an appropriate nod to Domitian's favourite deity.
Old cabinet toning and fine late style.David Atherton
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RPC 1504 DomitianAR Drachm, 3.28g
Rome mint (for Lycia), 95 AD
Obv: AYT KAIC ΔOMITIANOC CЄBACTOC ΓЄPM; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: ЄTOYC IΔ YPATOY IZ; Caduceus between two lyres
RPC 1503 (5 spec.).
Acquired from Tom Vossen, June 2022.
A small issue of drachms were struck by Domitian for Lycia in 95. The style and six o'clock die axis point to Rome as the home mint. These drachms were produced alongside Domitian's Roman style cistophori from the same year. Both issues share the same Macedonian silver content of 80% fineness. The drachms weighed about one third of a cistophorus and likely were valued accordingly. It is not known if the two denominations circulated together or separately. Because of the drachms similar weight and appearance with contemporary denarii, they appear in denarius hoards all over the empire and seemed to have circulated with them. Several reverse designs were employed, this drachm featuring two lyres is one of the more common types struck for the issue.David Atherton
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RPC 1605 Titus as Caesar [Vespasian] Æ19, 6.21g
Antioch Pisidia (Galatia-Cappadocia) mint, 76 AD
Obv: T CAES IMP PONT; Head of Titus, laureate, r.
Rev: ANT COL; Priest holding vexillum ploughing with two oxen, r.; above, crescent
RPC 1605 (9 spec.).
Acquired from eBay, June 2022.
Antioch Pisidia became a Roman colony under Augustus. Coins were sparingly struck under Augustus (probably a foundational issue) and Nero. Under Vespasian a small issue was struck commemorating the foundation of the colony by the veterans of the 5th and 7th legions. Although this coin is undated, it is in similar style to those struck in 76 with Vespasian as COS VII and Titus Caesar as COS V. The ploughing ritual depicted is the creation of a boundary known as the sulcus primigenius, the first furrow, which delineated the line of the pomerium. The pomerium was a city’s ritual boundary which demarcation the sacred from the profane. The creation of this boundary was the first step in the foundation of a new colony. David Atherton
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RPC 1606 TitusÆ20, 6.57g
Lystra (Lycaonia) mint, 79-81 AD
Obv: IMP T CAE AVG VESPA; Head of Titus, laureate, l.
Rev: COL I(V)L LVS; Helmeted bust of Athena, l., two spears over shoulder
RPC 1606 (2 spec.).
Acquired from Forvm, September 2021.
The colony of Lystra was located south east of lake Beysehir in Galatia-Cappadocia. According to RPC II, it was remote and located far from the major trading routes and never gained any importance. It struck a small issue under Augustus and later under Titus. The coinage was for local circulation, which would explain its extreme rarity today.David Atherton
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RPC 1609 VespasianÆ23 9.44g
Iconium (Galatia-Cappadocia) mint, undated
Obv: IMP CAESAR VESPASIAN AVG; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: COL IVL - AVG - ICONI; Priest ploughing, l.
RPC 1609 (1 spec.).
Acquired from Musa Numismatic Art, December 2021.
Iconium produced coins with Greek legends under the Julio-Claudians for Nero and Claudius. Under the Flavians there are two series, one in Greek and the other in Latin. RPC explains the importance of this: 'The Latin series (1609-11) proves that a Roman colony was created at Iconium under Augustus as the reverse of Vespasian's issue reads Col(onia) Iul(ia) Aug(usta) Iconi(ensium). Before these coins came to light, it was thought that Iconium was created a colony under Hadrian, perhaps in 136/7, according to CIL Suppl. 12136, where a Col(onia) Aelia Hadriana Aug(usta) is mentioned...The old polis of Iconium and the new colony lived side by side and a distinction was drawn between natives and colonists, which explains the two parallel series of coins, struck in two denominations.'
The ploughing ritual depicted is the creation of a boundary known as the sulcus primigenius, the first furrow, which delineated the line of the pomerium. The pomerium was a city’s ritual boundary which demarcation the sacred from the profane. The creation of this boundary was the first step in the foundation of a new colony.
Coins matter, they sometimes can rewrite history!David Atherton
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RPC 1623 Domitian as Caesar [Vespasian]Æ22 5.41g
Ancyra (Galatia-Cappadocia) mint, undated
Obv: ΑΥΤΟ ΔΟΜΙΤΙΑ ΚΑΙΣΑΡ ΣΕΒΑΣ ΥΙΟΣ; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: ΣΕΒΑΣΤΗΝΩΝ ΤΕΚΤΟΣΑΓΩΝ; Three corn-ears in bundle
RPC 1623 (3 spec.).
Acquired from Praefectus Coins, January 2022.
Late in Vespasian's reign, and possibly extending into the first few months of Titus's, Ancyra struck a small issue of brass coins for all three Flavians. Domitian Caesar shows up on the smaller denomination paired with a stylish three grain ears reverse. The symbolism behind the design possibly is just a simple allusion to abundance and prosperity. The portrait itself is quite fine. Interestingly, the same engraver's handiwork can be detected in neighbouring Tavium's issues.David Atherton
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RPC 1636 VespasianAR Drachm, 3.04g
Rome mint (for Cappadocia), 73-74 AD
Obv: AYTOKPA KAICAP OYЄCΠACIANOC CЄBACTOC; head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: ЄYOYC ЄKTOY; Mt Argaeus; on summit, radiate figure standing l., globe in r. hand, sceptre in l. hand
RPC 1636 (6 spec.).
Ex Bertolami E-Live auction 41, 30 April 2017, lot 259.
The mint at Rome struck silver drachms and didrachms for circulation in Cappadocia. They normally can be distinguished from the local issues by style and their 6 o'clock die axis (local is 12 o'clock). Here we have a Rome mint drachm in good style featuring a reverse that would be appealing to the provincials it is intended for. Oddly, the die axis is 12 o'clock. It's a double die match with Paris 258 (RPC plate coin), I wonder if it too has the incorrect die axis?
Strabo described the mountain as such: It's 'the highest of mountains whose peak is constantly covered with snow ...given good visibility, anyone who climbs this mountain - and not many do- are supposed to see both seas, the Pontus and the Issikos'.
The above reverse perhaps does not relay the grandeur of the actual peak, possibly being a representation of a cult picture, or agalma, of the mountain - but it's a fascinating reverse type produced by Roman engravers who may never have laid eyes on the beautiful volcano.
Although a bit under weight, struck in fine 'Roman' style and good metal.David Atherton
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RPC 1638 Titus as Caesar [Vespasian]AR Drachm, 3.13g
Rome mint (for Cappadocia), 73-74 AD
Obv: AYTO KAI OYЄCΠACIANOC CEBACTOY YIOC; Head of Titus, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: NIKH CЄBACTH; Nike advancing r., wreath in r. hand, palm in l. hand
RPC 1638 (4 spec.).
Acquired from Alibaba Coins, November 2016.
A very rare Titus Caesar drachm struck in Rome for circulation in Cappadocia. These Roman pieces can be distinguished from the locally produced coins by the 6 o'clock die axis and 'Roman' style. Butcher and Ponting's analysis of the issue concluded the Roman style coins have the same silver content as contemporary denarii struck at Rome, further strengthening the argument these coins were indeed struck at Rome and then sent to Cappadocia.
A wonderful early Titus portrait.David Atherton
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RPC 1639 Domitian as Caesar [Vespasian]AR Drachm, 3.26g
Rome mint (for Cappadocia), 73-74 AD
Obv: KAIC ΔOMITIANOC CЄBACTOY YIOC; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: OMONOIA CЄBACTH; Homonoia/Concordia seated l., holding patera in r. hand, sceptre in l. hand
RPC 1639 (10 spec.).
Ex Lanz, eBay, November 2016.
Rome likely struck a small issue of drachms for Cappadocia in 73-74. Coins were issued for Vespasian, Titus Caesar and Domitian Caesar. This Homonoia reverse for Domitian is probably the most common coin of the group. The 6 o'clock die axis and the 'Roman' style of the piece strongly suggest Rome as the home mint. Metallurgical analysis by K. Butcher and M. Ponting show these drachms were struck with the same silver bullion as that used to strike contemporary Roman denarii.
Worn, but nicely centred.David Atherton
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RPC 1642 VespasianAR Didrachm, 5.67g
Rome mint (for Cappadocia), 76-77 AD
Obv: AYTOKPA KAICAP OYЄCΠACIANOC CЄBACTOC; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: ΠATHP ΠATPIΔOC; Mt Argaeus; on summit, radiate figure standing, l., globe in r. hand, sceptre in l. hand
RPC 1642 (8 spec.).
Acquired from MNS, September 2015.
Rome struck a series of silver coins consisting of drachms and didrachms for circulation in Cappadocia during the middle of Vespasian's reign. This didrachm from regnal year 9 has the very ethnic reverse type of Mt Argaeus. These Rome issues can be distinguished from the local issues both by style and die axis - the Rome issues having a 6 o'clock die axis and the local issues a 12 o'clock die axis.
A fantastic portrait of Vespasian, slightly marred by the scratch and heavy wear.David Atherton
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RPC 1645 VespasianAR Didrachm, 6.39g
Rome mint (for Cappadocia), 76-77 AD
Obv: AVTOKPA KAICAP OYЄCΠACIANOC CЄBACTOC; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: ΔOMITIANOC KAICAP CЄB YIO ЄT Θ; Domitian standing, l., holding branch
RPC 1645 (4 spec.).
Ex Savoca Coins, eBay, February 2017.
A fairly large issue of silver coins were struck for Cappadocia in 76/77 AD. There are two distinct styles: "Roman" (6 o'clock die axis) struck at Rome for Cappadocia , and "local" (12 o'clock die axis) struck at Caesarea. Both issues were struck at the same time and used the same reverse types. Here is a 'Roman' style didrachm of the Domitian Caesar reverse type. The coins from Rome are far less common than those coined in Cappadocia, so it appears the Rome issues were struck to 'top off' the supply of coins to the province. The issue shows a high degree of coordination between the imperial and provincial authorities. The reverse of Domitian Caesar is considered a 'dynastic' type and indicates the importance Vespasian held for his youngest son, despite what the senatorial historians had to say.
Struck in strong Roman style. A lovely coin in hand.
David Atherton
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RPC 1646 VespasianAR Drachm, 3.09g
Caesarea (Cappadocia) mint, 74-75 AD
Obv: AYTOKPA KAICAP OYЄCΠACIANOC CЄBACTOC; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: ЄYOYC ЄBΔOMOY; Mt Argaeus; on summit, radiate figure standing l., globe in r. hand, sceptre in l. hand
RPC 1646 (2 spec.).
Ex London Ancient Coins Auction A1, 3 July 2017, lot 45.
A fairly rare drachm from Caesarea, Cappadocia. Struck in 'local' style with a 12 o'clock die axis. Ironically, the Mt. Argaeus type is more commonly seen in 'Roman' Style.
Worn, but the major devices are still intact. David Atherton
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RPC 1647 VespasianAR Didrachm, 6.71g
Caesarea (Cappadocia) mint, 76-77 AD
Obv: AYTOKPA KAICAP OYЄCΠACIANOC CЄBACTOC; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: NIKH CЄBACTH; Nike standing, r., wreath in r. hand, palm in l. hand
RPC 1647 (24 spec.).
Acquired from CGB, July 2016. Ex MG Collection.
Caesarea, Cappadocia struck a fairly large issue of silver coins in 76/77 AD. There are two distinct styles: "Roman" (6 o'clock die axis) struck at Rome for Cappadocia , and "local" (12 o'clock die axis) struck at Caesarea. This didrachm, struck in local style features Nike on the reverse. There are two variants of the Nike type catalogued in RPC, one with and the other without Nike on an elongated base. This is the more common one without the elongated base. RPC consulted 24 specimens of the non base type and only 9 with the base. Oddly enough, RPC describes the non base type as Nike "standing right", as opposed to those with the base as "advancing right". Why this is so I cannot say.
Struck in hyper-veristic style similar to the denarii coined at Ephesus.David Atherton
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RPC 1648 VespasianAR Didrachm, 6.76g
Caesarea (Cappadocia) mint, 76-77 AD
Obv: AYTOKPA KAICAP OYЄCΠACIANOC CЄBACTOC; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: NIKH CЄBACTH; Nike on elongated base, advancing r., wreath in r. hand, palm in l. hand
RPC 1648 (9 spec.).
Ex CNG E348, 8 April 2015, lot 526.
At first glance this didrachm appears to be the common Nike type struck at Caesarea, Cappadocia, but upon closer inspection one discovers it is in fact a rare, often overlooked, variant. Nike is seen here advancing right on an elongated base (the horizontal line in exergue). The more common version of this type has no such base. RPC consulted 24 specimens of the non base type and only 9 with the base, just to illustrate how much rarer this variant is. Oddly enough, RPC describes the non base type as Nike "standing right", as opposed to those with the base as"advancing right". Why this is so I cannot say.
Struck slightly off-center in good "local" style.David Atherton
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RPC 1649 VespasianAR Didrachm, 6.20g
Caesarea (Cappadocia) mint, 76-77 AD
Obv: ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑ ΚΑΙϹΑΡ ΟΥƐϹΠΑϹΙΑΝΟϹ ϹƐΒΑϹΤΟϹ; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: ΤΙΤΟϹ ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤWΡ ΚΑΙϹΑΡ ƐΤ[ΟΥϹ] Θ; Titus in military dress, standing facing, holding spear and sword
RPC 1649 (10 spec.).
Acquired from Aegean Numismatics, June 2020.
Several issues of silver coinage were struck for Cappadocia during Vespasian's reign. They were produced in two distinct styles: Roman (with a six o'clock die axis) and 'local' (with a twelve o'clock die axis). The majority of Cappadocia's silver coins were struck in 'local' style, presumably at Caesarea and were somewhat supplemented by the 'Roman' style coins from Rome. Whether 'Roman' or 'local', all Cappadocian silver were produced at nearly 48% fineness. This remarkable didrachm from regnal year 9 (77/78 AD) features Titus Caesar on the reverse in full military dress. The type can be interpreted as a dynastic issue showing the young prince in all his military glory, evoking his recent military prowess during the Judaean War and as a worthy heir to Vespasian. The sword, or parazonium, he is holding was a ceremonial weapon worn by the nobility as a symbol of valour.
Fine local style with pleasing eye-appeal.David Atherton
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RPC 1650 VespasianAR Didrachm, 7.22g
Caesarea (Cappadocia) mint, 76-77 AD
Obv: AYTOKPA KAICAP OYЄCΠACIANOC CЄBACTOC; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: AYTO KAI OYЄCΠACIANOC CЄBACTOY YIOC, Head of Titus, laureate, r.
RPC 1650 (38 spec.).
Caesarea, Cappadocia struck a fairly large issue of silver coins in 76/77 AD. There are two distinct styles: "Roman" (6 o'clock die axis) struck at Rome for Cappadocia , and "local" (12 o'clock die axis) struck at Caesarea. This didrachm, struck in local style, features a portrait of Titus on the reverse and probably is the most common type minted at Caesarea. This reverse emphasised Vespasian's desire to found a dynasty with Titus as his heir and mirrors those minted at Antioch and Alexandria, evidence of how important this message was to the imperial authorities.
A coin in very fine style (similar to denarii struck at Ephesus) and struck on a thick flan with dark toning.David Atherton
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RPC 1651 Vespasian AR Didrachm, 6.77g
Caesarea (Cappadocia) mint, 76-77 AD
Obv: AYTOKPA KAICAP OYЄCΠACIANOC CЄBACTOC; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: ΔOMITIANOC KAICAP CЄB YIO ЄT Θ; Domitian standing, l., holding branch
RPC 1651 (19 spec.).
Ex Pegasi VAuction 32, 19 May 2015, lot 314.
For dynastic reasons Vespasian frequently featured his sons on the coinage, even in far-flung provinces. Here we see Domitian "son of the Augustus" togate as consul, holding an olive branch in a suggestion of peace.
Although a bit worn, it's a decent example in good "local" style, similar to the denarii struck at Ephesus.David Atherton
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RPC 1651 Vespasian VariantAR Didrachm, 6.93g
Caesarea (Cappadocia) mint, 76-77 AD
Obv: AYTOKPA KAICAP OYЄCΠACIANOC CЄBACTOC; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: ΔOMЄTIANOC KAICAP CЄBA YIO ЄT Θ; Domitian standing, l., holding branch
RPC 1651 var. (19 spec.).
Acquired from Forvm Ancient Coins, July 2018.
A 'local' style Cappadocian didrachm with an unusual reverse legend variant. Here we have 'ΔOMЄTIANOC' instead of 'ΔOMITIANOC', and 'CЄBA' instead of 'CЄB'. The odd spelling of Domitian's name with an 'Є' occurs only a handful of times on extremely rare bronze provincial coins. To my knowledge this variant legend is confined to just one reverse die. Nemonator has a die match in his Forvm gallery. RPC have not assigned it a separate catalogue number, but it is noted in the 2017 Addenda.
The reverse features Domitian 'son of the Augustus' togate as consul, holding an olive branch in a suggestion of peace. An interesting provincial dynastic type.
Richly toned in fine 'local' style.David Atherton
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RPC 1652 VespasianAR Drachm, 3.03g
Caesarea (Cappadocia) mint, 76-77 AD
Obv: AYTOKPA KAICAP OYЄCΠACIANOC CЄBACTOC; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: TITOC AYTOKPATWP KAICAP ЄTO Θ; Titus in military dress, stg. facing, holding spear and sword
RPC 1652 (3 spec.).
Ex Kölner 108, 7 April 2018, lot 131.
Vespasian's Cappadocian silver issues were struck in two distinct styles: Roman (six o'clock die axis) and 'local' (twelve o'clock die axis). Unsurprisingly, the Roman style coins were struck at Rome and sent to Cappadocia to help supplement the locally produced pieces. The majority of Cappadocia's silver coins were struck locally, very likely in Caesarea. Whether 'Roman' or 'local', all Cappadocian silver was produced at nearly 50% fineness. This rare drachm in 'local' style features Titus Caesar on the reverse in full military dress, perhaps a nod to his important role during the Jewish War. The type was struck for both didrachms and more sparingly for drachms. Only three specimens are cited by RPC II.
Worn, but nicely centred in fine 'local' style.David Atherton
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RPC 1655 Titus as Caesar [Vespasian]AR Drachm, 3.03g
Caesarea (Cappadocia) mint, 73-74 AD
Obv: AYTO KAI OYЄCΠACIANOC CEBACTOY YIOC; Head of Titus, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: NIKH CЄBACTH; Nike advancing r., wreath in r. hand, palm in l. hand
RPC 1655 (2 spec.).
Acquired from eBay, October 2017.
Caesarea in Cacppadocia struck a fairly large issue of silver coins in 76/77 AD. There are two distinct styles: 'Roman' (with a 6 o'clock die axis) struck at Rome for circulation in Cappadocia, and 'local' (with a 12 o'clock die axis) struck at Caesarea. Drachms with the Nike type were struck for Titus Caesar in both Roman and local style. This coin is most certainly a Cappadocian produced piece based on style and the 12 o'clock die axis. It is slightly scarcer than the corresponding Rome issue. With a fineness near 48%, this drachm was overvalued against the denarius by 67%, assuming the two denominations were of equal value.
Fine local style and nicely toned. David Atherton
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RPC 1656 Domitian as Caesar [Vespasian]AR Drachm, 2.94g
Caesarea (Cappadocia) mint, 76-77 AD
Obv: ΔΟΜΙΤΙΑΝΟϹ ΚΑΙϹΑΡ ϹƐΒΑϹΤΟΥ ΥΙΟϹ; Head of Domitian, laureate, r.
Rev: ƐΥΘΗΝΙΑ ϹƐΒΑϹΤΗ ƐΤ Θ; Eutheria/Abundantia std., r., holding two corn-ears in r. hand
RPC 1656 (3 spec.).
Acquired from David Connors, June 2023
Vespasian's Cappadocian silver issues were struck in two distinct styles: Roman (six o'clock die axis) and 'local' (twelve o'clock die axis). Unsurprisingly, the Roman style coins were struck at Rome and sent to Cappadocia to help supplement the locally produced pieces. The majority of Cappadocia's silver coins were struck locally, very likely in Caesarea. Whether 'Roman' or 'local', all Cappadocian silver was produced at nearly 50% fineness. This rare drachm struck for Domitian Caesar in 'local' style features Eutheria the goddess or personified spirit (daimona) of prosperity and abundance.David Atherton
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RPC 1658 VespasianAR Hemidrachm, 1.49g
Caesarea (Cappadocia) mint, undated
Obv: AVTOKP KAICAP OYЄCΠACIANOC CЄBA; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: Mount Argaeus; on summit, radiate figure standing, l., globe in r. hand, sceptre in l. hand
RPC 1658 (1 spec.).
Ex Rex Numismatics, Auction 1, 15 July 2023, lot 320.
An extremely rare hemidrachm struck at Caesarea Cappadocia featuring Mount Argaeus on the reverse. Only one specimen was cited from the RPC 'core collections' (compared to 19 of the Nike variety) when the volume was published in 1999. Since that time, five other examples have surfaced. Cappadocian hemidrachms were exclusively produced in 'local style' at Caesarea rather than at Rome.
David Atherton
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RPC 1659 VespasianAR Hemidrachm, 1.41g
Caesarea (Cappadocia) mint, undated
Obv: AVTOKP KAICAP OYЄCΠACIANOC CЄBA; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: No legend; Nike advancing r., wreath in r. hand, palm in l. hand
RPC 1659 (18 spec.).
All the hemidrachms from Caesarea were struck in "local style" and originate from that mint, as opposed to those coins in "Roman style" which were struck in Rome and shipped to Caesarea. Although undated they probably were minted in regnal year 9 (76/77).
Fairly worn, but in decent condition with all the main devices on flan.David Atherton
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RPC 1660 VespasianAR Hemidrachm, 1.42g
Caesarea (Cappadocia) mint, undated
Obv: AYTOKP KAICAP OYЄCΠAIANOC CЄBA; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: No legend; Nike seated on globe, r., holding wreath in both hands
RPC 1660 (4 spec.).
All the hemidrachms from Caesarea were struck in 'local style' and originate from that mint, as opposed to those coins in 'Roman style' which were struck in Rome and shipped to Caesarea. Although undated they probably were minted in regnal year 9 (76/77). Two reverse types were struck for the hemidrachms - Nike advancing right and Nike on globe, the latter being the rarer of the two.
Fairly well centered and decently struck in good 'local' style.David Atherton
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RPC 1661 TitusAR Hemidrachm, 1.55g
Caesarea (Cappadocia) mint, undated
Obv: AYTOKPATWP TITOC KAICAP CЄBA; Head of Titus, laureate, r.
Rev: No legend; Nike standing, r., with wreath in r. hand, palm in l. hand
RPC 1661 (8 spec.).
Acquired from Civitas Galleries, March 2015.
The only silver issue struck by Titus as Augustus at Caesarea during his brief reign were these tiny hemidrachms with the standard Nike reverse. Vespasian also issued this type.
Struck a bit off-center, but with all the major devices present and in a pleasing style. David Atherton
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RPC 1666 DomitianAR Didrachm, 6.38g
Rome mint (for Cappadocia), 93-94 AD
Obv: AYT KAI ΔOMITIANOC CЄBACTOC ΓЄPM; Head of Domitian, laureate, r.
Rev : No legend; emperor in quadriga, r., holding laurel branch in r. hand, sceptre in l. hand
RPC 1666 (18 spec.).
Ex Lanz, eBay, November 2017.
This is a fairly rare Cappadocian didrachm of Domitian struck late in the reign. The pronounced 'Roman' style and six o'clock die axis are clear evidence it was produced in Rome for circulation in the province. Remarkably, this reverse is the only instance of Domitian in a quadriga that was struck in silver for either the imperial or provincial issues. Naturally, one may ask for what reason is Domitian triumphing here? In May 92 Domitian left Rome for a military campaign along the Danube against the Sarmatians known as the Second Pannonian war. The conflict lasted eight months and Domitian was back in Rome by January 93. He was awarded only an ovation but not a full triumph, so it is unclear what triumph this reverse refers to.
Struck in fine late Domitianic style.David Atherton
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RPC 1669 DomitianAR Didrachm, 6.70g
Rome mint (for Cappadocia), 93-94 AD
Obv: AYT KAI ΔOMITIANOC CЄBACTOC ΓЄPM; Head of Domitian, laureate, r.
Rev: ЄTO ΙΓ; Athena standing, r., holding owl in r. hand, spear in l. hand
RPC 1669 (55 spec.).
Acquired from Praefectus Coins, October 2014.
During Domitian's reign Minerva dominated the silver coinage of Rome, so it's not surprising to see her Greek guise Athena on this silver didrachm struck in Rome for distribution in Cappadocia. Here Athena can be seen holding an owl and spear, a type not minted for Minerva in Rome. Rome is attributed to be the mint by both style and the 6 o'clock die axis. This didrachm is prime evidence of some sort of central control over the precious metal issues during the Flavian era. Tariffed at 2 denarii.
Good 'Rome' style portraitDavid Atherton
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RPC 1670 DomitianAR Didrachm, 6.91g
Rome mint (for Cappadocia), 93-94 AD
Obv: AYT KAI ΔOMITIANOC CЄBACTOC ΓЄPM; Head of Domitian, laureate, r.
Rev: ЄTO ΙΓ; Club
RPC 1670 (37 spec.).
Acquired from Odysseus, February 2022.
Near the end of Domitian's reign, the mint at Rome struck silver drachms and didrachms for circulation in Cappadocia, all of which can be dated to 93-94 AD. They can be distinguished as Rome mint issues by their style and 6 o'clock die axis. This fairly common didrachm features a club on the reverse, an attribute of Hercules.
David Atherton
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RPC 1671 DomitianAR Didrachm, 6.22g
Rome mint (for Cappadocia), 93-94 AD
Obv: AYT KAI ΔOMITIANOC CЄBACTOC ΓЄPM; Head of Domitian, laureate, r.
Rev: ЄTO ΙΓ; Nike advancing r., holding wreath in r. hand, palm in l. hand
RPC 1671 (33 spec.).
Ex Pegasi B152, 22 August 2017, lot 220 (unsold).
The style and six o'clock die axis strongly indicate this didrachm was struck in Rome for circulation in Cappadocia. Unsurprisingly, the portrait style is similar to contemporaneous denarii from Rome. Nike is one of the most common didrachm reverse types struck for the province by the Rome mint.
A worn piece, but in decent 'Roman' style.David Atherton
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RPC 1672 DomitianAR Didrachm, 6.47g
Rome mint (for Cappadocia), 93-94 AD
Obv: AYT KAI ΔOMITIANOC CЄBACTOC ΓЄPM; Head of Domitian, laureate, r.
Rev: ЄTO ΙΓ; Mt Argaeus; on summit, radiate figure standing l., globe in r. hand, sceptre in l. hand
RPC 1672 (17 spec.).
Acquired from Praefectus Coins, August 2019.
During Domitian's reign, the mint at Rome struck silver drachms and didrachms for circulation in Cappadocia, all of which can be dated to 93-94 AD. They can be distinguished as Rome mint issues by style and their 6 o'clock die axis. This didrachm features the ethnic reverse type of Mt. Argaeus surmounted by a figure. The engravers at Rome presumably had never seen the mountain in person and likely based the design on a standardised model, possibly a cult image. The figure's identity atop the mountain is uncertain - perhaps it is either Helios or the personification of the mountain itself. The portrait style is similar to Domitian's contemporaneous denarii.
In good style and well centred.David Atherton
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RPC 1674 VespasianÆ27, 15.69g
Caesarea (Cappadocia) mint, 77-78 AD
Obv: ΑΥΤΟΚΡ ΚΑΙϹΑΡ ϹƐΒΑϹ ΟΥƐϹΠΑϹΙΑΝΟϹ; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: ƐΠΙ Μ ΝƐΡΑ ΠΑΝϹΑ ΠΡΕϹΒ, ƐΤ Ι in exergue; Mount Argaeus; on summit, radiate figure standing l., globe in r. hand, sceptre in l. hand
RPC 1674 (3 spec.).
Acquired from Marc Breitsprecher, July 2023.
A somewhat rare provincial Vespasian bronze struck at Caeserea, Cappadocia depicting the famous Mount Argaeus dated year 10 under the legat M Hirrius Fronto Neratius Pansa. The Cappadocian bronze issue roughly corresponds to the locally produced silver issues, perhaps indicating a need for small change. It is of no surprise that the mountain which visually loomed over the city figured prominently on the coinage. Strabo described Mount Argaeus as 'the highest of mountains whose peak is constantly covered with snow ...given good visibility, anyone who climbs this mountain - and not many do- are supposed to see both seas, the Pontus and the Issikos'.David Atherton
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RPC 1683 Domitian as Caesar [Vespasian]Æ19, 4.22g
Caesarea (Cappadocia) mint, 77-78 AD
Obv: ΔΟΜΙΤΙΑΝΟϹ ΚΑΙ ϹƐΒΑϹΤΟϹ; Head of Domitian, laureate, r.
Rev: ΚΑΙϹΑ/ΡƐΙΑϹ, ƐΤ Ι (in exergue); Mount Argaeus surmounted by crescent or wreath
RPC 1683 (6 spec.).
Acquired from Romae Aeternae Numismatics, October 2021.
A somewhat rare provincial bronze of Domitian Caesar struck under Vespasian at Caeserea, Cappadocia depicting the famous Mount Argaeus. Dated year 10 under the legat M Hirrius Fronto Neratius Pansa. Strabo described the mountain as such: It's 'the highest of mountains whose peak is constantly covered with snow ...given good visibility, anyone who climbs this mountain - and not many do- are supposed to see both seas, the Pontus and the Issikos'.
The above reverse perhaps does not relay the grandeur of the actual peak, possibly being a representation of a cult picture, or agalma, of the mountain - but it's a fascinating reverse type nonetheless!David Atherton
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RPC 1687 DomitianÆ25, 13.91g
Caesarea (Cappadocia) mint, 95-96 AD
Obv: ΑΥΤΟ ΚΑΙ ΔΟΜΙΤΙΑΝΟϹ ϹƐΒΑϹΤΟϹ ΓƐΡΜΑ; Head of Domitian, laureate, r.
Rev: ƐΠΙ ΤΙΤ ΠΟΜ ΒΑϹϹΟΥ ΠΡƐϹΒƐΥ ƐΤ ΙƐ; Mount Argaeus
RPC 1687 (11 spec.).
Acquired from eBay, February 2022.
This bronze featuring the ethnic reverse type of Mt. Argaeus surmounted by a figure was struck under the legatus Titus Pomponius Bassus during Domitian's last Cappadocian regnal year 95-96. The engravers presumably based the design on a standardised model, possibly a cult image. The figure's identity atop the mountain is uncertain - perhaps it's either Helios or the personification of the mountain itself.David Atherton
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RPC 1758 Domitian Æ23, 6.97g
Flaviopolis (Cilicia) mint, 89-90 AD
Obv: ΔΟΜƐΤΙΑΝΟϹ ΚΑΙϹΑΡ; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: ƐΤΟΥϹ ΖΙ ΦΛΑΥΙΟΠΟΛƐΙΤWΝ; Veiled Tyche seated on throne, r., holding two corn-ears; at her feet, river god
RPC 1758 (20 spec.).
Acquired from Ephesus Numismatics, December 2022.
Flaviopolis was founded under Vespasian in 72-73 AD to help further Roman interests in the region. A small issue of coins were struck under Domitian in 89-90, this Tyche with river god being the most common type. The depiction of a river god at the feet of the city goddess Tyche was a common motif on coins from the Greek east during the early Roman imperial period. The river god depicted on this coin is Pyramus.David Atherton
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RPC 1801 VespasianAR Tetradrachm, 11.50g
Antioch mint (for Cyprus), 75-76 AD
Obv: AYTOKPATΩP OYЄCΠACIANOC KAICAP; Head of Vespasian, laureate, l.
Rev: ЄTOYC NЄOY IЄPOY H; Zeus Salaminios standing facing, holding patera in r. hand, l. hand resting on a short sceptre; eagle on l. arm
RPC 1801 (16 spec.).
Acquired from Herakles Numismatics, February 2015.
Style and legend format link this Cypriot series to Antioch's tetradrachm and bronze issues. RPC II proposes these coins were actually struck in Antioch and then sent to Cyprus for circulation. Very likely this is the case since the minting of silver was highly centralised and controlled by the imperial government. The date off flan should read year 8 (H). Obverse die match with Gorny & Mosch Auction 134, 11 October 2004, lot 2079.
This coin has one of the most extraordinary portraits of Vespasian I've ever seen. The engraver has depicted the emperor as an elderly, overweight glutton - it's utterly fantastic! David Atherton
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RPC 1803 VespasianAR Tetradrachm, 12.09g
Antioch mint (for Cyprus), 75-76 AD
Obv: AYTOKPATΩP OYЄCΠACIANOC KAICAP; Head of Vespasian, laureate, l.
Rev: ЄTOYC NЄOY IЄPOY; Temple of Aphrodite at Paphos, in which conical xoanon; in exergue, H
RPC 1803 (17 spec.).
Ex Pegasi Numismatics VAuctions 36, 23 May 2017, lot 324
Antioch struck a small issue of tetradrachms and didrachms for Cyprus in the mid 70s AD. The reverse types are typically ethnic, such as this coin's depiction of the Temple of Aphrodite at Paphos struck in 75 or 76. The famous temple figures prominently in Flavian lore as the place where Titus Caesar received a favourable oracle from the priest Sostratus prior to Vespasian's bid for the purple. The island experienced a devastating earthquake in late 77 or early 78 that destroyed three of her major cities. The temple shown on the coin was destroyed as well, but was soon lavishly rebuilt in a similar design.
A remarkable portrait in fine 'Antiochene' style.David Atherton
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RPC 1804 VespasianAR Tetradrachm, 12.75g
Antioch mint (for Cyprus), 76-77 AD
Obv: AYTOKPATΩP OYЄCΠACIANOC KAICAP; Head of Vespasian, laureate, l.
Rev: ЄTOYC NЄOY IЄPOY Θ; Zeus Salaminios standing facing, holding patera in r. hand, l. hand resting on a short sceptre; eagle on l. arm
RPC 1804 (14 spec.).
Acquired from eBay, December 2017.
A small issue of tetradrachms were struck for Cyprus between 75 and 78. Style strongly indicates these are a product of the Antioch mint despite their Cypriot provenance. All of them are quite scarce compared with the large Syrian tetradrachm issues coined for Vespasian. This specimen from the second year of the Cypriot issue features the ethnic reverse type of Zeus Salaminios.
Some minor scrapes, but struck in good 'Cypriot' style.David Atherton
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RPC 1825 Domitian as Caesar [Vespasian] VariantÆ29, 12.38g
Koinon of Cyprus, 75-76 AD
Obv: ΚΑΙϹΑΡ ΔΟΜΙΤΙΑΝΟϹ; Head of Domitian, laureate, r.
Rev: ΚΟΙΝΟΝ ΚΥΠΡΙΩΝ ƐΤΟΥϹ Η; Temple of Aphrodite at Paphos, in which canonical xoanon; paved semicircular walled courtyard; garland between two antae; star on either side of xoanon; dove facing inwards on apex
RPC 1825 var. (larger denomination).
Acquired from Forvm ancient Coins, June 2021.
A smattering of bronzes were struck under the name of the Koinon of Cyprus during Vespasian's reign dated regnal year 8 in either 75 or 76. All are fairly rare today. Just like the Cypriot tetradrachms, two reverse designs were employed: a standing Zeus and the Temple of Aphrodite at Paphos. This Æ29 temple reverse struck for Domitian Caesar is apparently unique. RPC 1825 list one specimen in Berlin, but it is an Æ33 weighing 24.31g, twice the weight of the above piece. https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/coins/2/1825 RPC 1826 has the same temple reverse description as 1825, which clearly is a mistake - it should to be the smaller bronze standing Zeus type pictured in the plates. https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/coins/2/1826
Either way, I cannot find another example of the temple reverse in the smaller denomination. So, for now I'll catalogue it as RPC 1825 var.
David Atherton
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RPC 1936 VespasianAR Tetradrachm, 13.41g
Antioch mint, 69 AD
Obv : AYTOKPAT KAIΣA OYEΣΠAΣIANOY; Bust of Vespasian, laureate, r., with aegis
Rev : ETOYΣ NEOY IEPOY A; Eagle standing r., on thunderbolt; in r. field, palm branch
RPC 1936 (2 spec.).
Ex CNG E418, 11 April 2018, lot 403.
According to Tacitus, Vespasian immediately struck gold and silver coins at Antioch after being proclaimed emperor by the legions in the East (Hist. II, 82). This coin dated regnal year one at Antioch ( July - September 69) must have been one of the first coins to bear Vespasian's portrait. The style is indeed early, similar to the year ten Syrian tetradrachms coined for Nero. Although traditionally attributed to Antioch, the style is strongly Alexandrian. It almost certainly was struck at Alexandria for circulation in Syria along side a parallel Antiochene issue. The goatskin aegis seen here is rare for Vespasian and exclusively appears on these early Alexandrian style tetradrachms. The eagle standing on thunderbolt is also unique to this issue for Vespasian. Only one obverse die is known for this year one type.
Attractive example with good toning.
David Atherton
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RPC 1937 VespasianAR Tetradrachm, 13.98g
Antioch mint, 69-70 AD
Obv : AYTOKPAT KAIΣA OYEΣΠAΣIANOY; Bust of Vespasian, laureate, r., with aegis
Rev : ETOYΣ NEOY IEPOY B; Eagle standing r., on thunderbolt; in r. field, palm branch
RPC 1937 (4 spec.).
Acquired from CGB, July 2015.
This RPC Group 1 tetradrachm was struck very early in Vespasian's reign. He is seen here with aegis, similar in appearance and style to those struck for Nero. The first tetradrachms at Antioch depicting Vespasian with aegis were struck for regnal year one (July - September 69), this year two coin (October 69 - September 70) was likely minted very soon afterward, perhaps Autumn of 69. The style is 'Alexandrian', indicating either the coin was struck at the Alexandria mint and then sent to Syria or, at the very least, the die was engraved there. Interestingly the aegis depicted on the portrait is a cloak (goat skin?) decorated with a snake on the shoulder, much more elaborately than the aegises engraved at Rome.
A fantastic early and rare portrait of the new emperor. David Atherton
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RPC 1938 VespasianAR Tetradrachm, 13.88g
Antioch mint, 69-70 AD
Obv: AYTOKPAT KAIΣA OYEΣΠAΣIANOY; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: ETOYΣ NEOY IEPOY B; Eagle standing r., on thunderbolt; in r. field, palm branch
RPC 1938 (3 spec.). Prieur 105 (6 spec.).
Acquired from Romae Aeternae, July 2015.
A very rare RPC Group 1 tetradrachm from Antioch. The style is "Alexandrian". It's highly probable the coin was engraved and struck at Alexandria and then sent to Syria for circulation. Kevin Butcher speculates these "Alexandrian" styled tetradrachms were sent to southern Syria to fulfil coin orders the cities in that region may have placed with the mint at Alexandria. (Coinage in Roman Syria, London, 2004, p. 250)
Unusually for a Group 1 tetradrachm, the portrait is without aegis and resembles Titus more than Vespasian.
David Atherton
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RPC 1940 VespasianAR Tetradrachm, 13.00g
Antioch mint, 69-70 AD
Obv: AYTOKPAT KAIΣA OYEΣΠAΣIANOY; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: (T) ΦΛAYI OYEΣΠ KAIΣ ETOYΣ NEOY IEPOY; Laureate Head of Titus, r.; in l. field, star; in r. field, B
RPC 1940 (7 spec.).
Ex CNG E357, 12 August 2015, lot 259.
This regnal year 2 tetradrachm in "Alexandrian" style was most likely struck in Alexandria and then sent to Syria for circulation. Kevin Butcher speculates these "Alexandrian" styled tets were ordered by the southern Syrian cities from the Alexandria mint for circulation in that part of the province. It's of interest to note that these tetradrachms in which Titus' portrait is featured on the reverse may have been circulating in the region where he commanded the legions fighting the Jewish War. The star in the reverse left field may be some sort of mint control mark.
Although the flan is somewhat flatly stuck near the bottom and the surfaces a bit rough, in hand it's a really nice piece. The main attraction here is the fine portrait of Titus on the reverse. David Atherton
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RPC 1941 VespasianAR Tetradrachm, 14.19g
Antioch mint, 69-70 AD
Obv: AYTOKPAT KAIΣA OYEΣΠAΣIANOY; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: (T) ΦΛAYI OYEΣΠ KAIΣ ETOYΣ NEOY IEPOY; Laureate Head of Titus, r.; in r. field, B
RPC 1941 (2 spec.).
Acquired from Agora Numismatics, June 2017.
A RPC group 2 tetradrachm attributed to Antioch, but style wise very similar to Alexandria. RPC speculates the Alexandria style tetradrachms were either struck in Alexandria and then shipped to Antioch, or less likely Alexandrian mint workers were sent to Antioch and produced the coins there. Kevin Butcher speculates these Alexandria style tetradrachms were ordered by the southern Syrian cities from the Alexandria mint for circulation in that part of the province. Of note, Galilee, Samaria, and Judaea were a part of the province of Syria at the time. Interestingly, these tetradrachms in which Titus' portrait is featured on the reverse may have been circulating in the very region where he commanded the legions fighting the Jewish War. Most likely they were struck during the massive military build up before the siege of Jerusalem, providing strong evidence of the important role Titus Caesar held at the time.
This regnal year 2 type is more commonly seen with a star behind Titus' portrait on the reverse. This is the rarer variant lacking the star.
Struck in superb 'Alexandria' style. Normally these come much cruder.David Atherton
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RPC 1942 VespasianAR Tetradrachm, 14.44g
Antioch mint, 69-70 AD
Obv: AYTOKPAT KAIΣA OYEΣΠAΣIANOY; Head of Vespasian, laureate, l., with drapery on far shoulder
Rev: T ΦΛAYI OYEΣΠ KAIΣ•ETOYΣ NEOY IEPOY; Laureate Head of Titus, r.; in l. field, star; in r. field, B
RPC 1942 (12 spec.).
Acquired from Athena Numismatics, February 2015.
A RPC group 2 tetradrachm attributed to Antioch, but style wise very similar to Alexandria. RPC speculates these Alexandrian style tetradrachms were either struck in Alexandria and then shipped to Antioch, or less likely Alexandrian mint workers were temporarily striking coins in Antioch. At any rate, there was a massive output of silver from Antioch just prior to and after the siege of Jerusalem and apparently the Antioch mint was supplemented by the only other major mint in the region to meet demands. Titus was put in charge of the siege by Vespasian, which is most likely why he figured prominently in the region's coinage. These coins are found in hoards all over Judaea, indicating they were used for military pay.
I'm quite attracted to this coin's almost crude 'Alexandrian' style. A lovely big and chunky piece in hand.David Atherton
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RPC 1944 VespasianAR Tetradrachm, 14.95g
Antioch mint, 69-70 AD
Obv: AYTOKPAT KAIΣA OYEΣΠAΣIANOY; Small bust of Vespasian, laureate, l., with drapery on far shoulder, above eagle standing l., l. wing extended
Rev: T•ΦΛAYI OYEΣΠ KAIΣ ETOYΣ NEOY IEPOY; Head of Titus, laureate, r.; in l. field, lituus; in r. field, B
RPC 1944 (4 spec.).
Ex CNG E354, 1 July 2015, lot 367.
An extremely rare RPC Group 2 (regnal year 2) Tetradrachm from Antioch. This is visually one of the more impressive obverse designs struck by the mint. Vespasian, draped, is majestically depicted above an eagle about to take flight. The symbolism is perhaps divine in nature. There are two variations of this type: one with a lituus in the reverse left field, as seen here, and the other with a star. Both have roughly the same frequency rating. The style is 'Alexandrian', indicating at the very least the die was prepared there and perhaps struck at Antioch. This was a time of massive military activity leading up to Titus' siege of Jerusalem, which explains his prominent presence on the reverse.
Beautiful style and a thick flan, a most stunning piece.
David Atherton
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RPC 1945 VespasianAR Tetradrachm, 13.90g
Antioch mint, 69-70 AD
Obv: AYTOKPAT KAIΣA OYEΣΠAΣIANOY; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: ETOYΣ B IEPOY; Eagle standing l., on club; in l. field, palm branch
RPC 1945 (9 spec.).
The different series of tetradrachms minted at Antioch are divided into groups based on style and die links. This coin is part of group 3. Groups 1-3 stylistically are similar to contemporary tetradrachms struck at Alexandria. RPC speculates these groups may have had their dies engraved in Alexandria but were struck at Antioch. The style between the two mints for these groups are indeed very similar.
Historically these tetradrachms from Antioch were minted at a time when Titus was left in charge of the Jewish war by Vespasian and waged the siege and destruction of Jerusalem. The Roman legions under Titus were paid with these coins, which show up in countless hoards in Judaea.
Nice and chunky, this example has a decent 'Alexandrian' styled portrait.David Atherton
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RPC 1947 VespasianAR Tetradrachm, 12.40g
Antioch mint, 70-71 AD
Obv: AYTOKPAT KAIΣA OYEΣΠAΣIANOY; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: ETOYΣ Γ IEPOY; Eagle standing l., on club; in l. field, palm branch
RPC 1947 (7 spec.).
Many of the tetradrachms struck at Antioch, such as this example, have an 'Alexandrian' style about them. The dies to those coins with this peculiar style are thought to have been engraved in Alexandria and then struck at Antioch. Perhaps the demands of a region at war with thousands of legionaries to pay outstripped the capabilities of the Antioch mint, which could explain why some of the work was outsourced to another mint. These tetradrachms are found all throughout Israel in hoards and single finds, good evidence that they were indeed used to pay the troops during and after the Jewish war. This specimen dates to just after the siege of Jerusalem.
A hefty coin in hand with a crude but delightful portrait. Struck on a thick flan.David Atherton
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RPC 1948 VespasianAR Tetradrachm, 13.13g
Antioch mint, 70-71 AD
Obv: AYTOKPAT KAIΣA OYEΣΠAΣIANOY; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.; in r. field, lituus
Rev: ETOYΣ Γ IEPOY; Eagle standing l., on club; in l. field, palm branch
RPC 1948 (3 spec.).
Acquired from CGB, January 2016.
Alexandria struck tetradrachms for circulation in Syria and they can be distinguished from the Antioch issues by style. This RPC Group 3 tetradrachm is in typical 'Alexandrian' style and features a lituus on the obverse. All the Tetradrachms from Groups 3 are quite scarce, but those with the additional symbol are very rare.
Struck in good 'Alexandrian' style with a pleasing portrait.
David Atherton
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RPC 1949 VespasianAR Tetradrachm, 11.99g
Antioch mint, 70-71 AD
Obv: ΑΥΤΟΚ ΚΑΙΣ ΣΕΒΑ ΟΥΕΣΠΑΣΙΑΝΟΥ, LΓ (in right field); Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: ΕΤΟΥΣ Γ ΙΕΡΟΥ; Eagle standing, l., on club; in field, palm branch
RPC 1949 (0 spec.). Prieur 115 (this coin).
Acquired from CGB.fr, April 2021. Ex Banias Hoard.
A most remarkable regnal year 3 Antiochene tetradrachm struck with an obverse die intended for an Alexandrian tetradrachm. The regnal year on the obverse combined with the Alexandrian legend and style is proof beyond doubt that this obverse die was intended for an Alexandrian billon tetradrachm, but how could this be? The RPC Antiochene groups 1-3 tetradrachms are all struck in 'Alexandrian' style. Many scholarly theories abound as to why: either the coins were struck at the Alexandria mint and then sent to Syria for circulation or, at the very least, the dies were engraved there. It's also possible (but unlikely) that Alexandrian mint workers were sent to Antioch to help set up the mint or bolster its production. This Alexandrian/Antiochene hybrid strongly hints that these Alexandrian style coins were indeed struck at Alexandria. In this case a die intended for a domestic tetradrachm somehow got mixed up with their Syrian work order. It must be said however that Antiochene silver is of a different composition than that used at Alexandria, so it is possible the dies were engraved in Alexandria and then shipped to the Antioch mint, in which case an Alexandrian die got mixed up with the shipment. Only two specimens have been recorded of this rare hybrid, surprisingly both are from different die pairs. This example is illustrated in Michel and Karin Prieur's type corpus The Syro-Phoenician Tetradrachms.
Is this coin the Rosetta Stone needed to solve the complicated questions surrounding the mintage of these Vespasianic tetradrachms? Perhaps, but I fear it raises more questions than answers. A fascinating coin nonetheless!David Atherton
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RPC 1950 VespasianAR Tetradrachm, 11.50g
Antioch mint, 71-72 AD
Obv: AVTOKPAT KAIΣA•OYEΣΠAΣIANOY; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: ETOYC Δ IEPOV; Eagle standing l., on club; in l. field, palm branch
RPC 1950 (9 spec.).
An Antioch Group 3 tetradrachm struck in regnal year 4. Stylistically this coin displays all the hallmarks of the Alexandrian workshop. Most likely the coin was either engraved at Alexandria and then struck at Antioch, or produced in Antioch by Alexandrian engravers. Historically at the time this coin was minted the mopping up operations of the last strongholds of Jewish resistance in Judaea were being carried out by Lucilius Bassus at Herodium and Machareus, and later by Flavius Silva at Masada.
Although a bit underweight (11.5g), the coin is in fine style and decent condition. Perhaps poor quality silver explains the low weight.David Atherton
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RPC 1953 VespasianAR Tetradrachm, 14.65g
Antioch mint, 69 AD
Obv: AYTOKPA OYEΠACIANOC KAICAP CЄBACTOC; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: ЄTOYC NЄOY IЄPOY•A; Eagle with wreath in beak standing, l. on club; in l. field, palm branch
RPC 1953 (6 spec.).
Ex Pegasi BB151, 21 February 2017, lot 227.
A rare regnal year one tetradrachm struck at Antioch between mid July and 30 September 69. The Syrian legions declared Vespasian emperor sometime in mid July. Soon afterwards, according to Tacitus in his Histories - 'At Antioch gold and silver currencies were struck.' The Judean provenance of many Syrian tetradrachms indicates they were used to pay the legionaries fighting the Jewish War. The style suggests Antioch as the mint. According to K. Butcher and M. Ponting these tetradrachms were struck at 70% silver fineness.
In very fine Antiochene style with a superb portrait.David Atherton
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RPC 1954 VespasianAR Tetradrachm, 14.97g
Antioch mint, 69-70 AD
Obv: AYTOKPA OYEΠACIANOC KAICAP CЄBACTOC; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: ЄTOYC NЄOY IЄPOY•B; Eagle with wreath in beak standing, l. on club; in l. field, palm branch
RPC 1954 (20 spec.).
Acquired from Athena Numismatics, August 2014.
"At Antioch gold and silver currencies were struck" writes Tacitus in his book The Histories concerning the early activity of Vespasian in the Summer and Fall of 69 immediately after the Eastern legions acclaimed him emperor. Large numbers of tetradrachms were struck in 69-70, which would likely have been used for legionary payment. They show up in countless hoards in the region due to the increased military activity surrounding the Jewish Revolt. During this time period Titus led three legions which he used to conduct the siege and destruction of Jerusalem.
This tetradrachm is from group 4, attributed wholly to the Antioch mint by style. Groups 1-3 are thought to have been engraved in Alexandria Egypt due to their 'Alexandrian' style (see my RPC 1945). The Antioch mint engraved dies are much finer in style, this coin being a good example of that better quality. In high relief with a stunning portrait. David Atherton
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RPC 1959 VespasianAR Tetradrachm, 14.55g
Antioch mint, 69-70 AD
Obv: AYTOKPA KAIΣA OYEΣΠAΣIANOY; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: ЄTOYC NЄOY IЄPOY B; Eagle with wreath in beak on club to l.; in l. field, palm branch; crescent between eagle's legs
RPC 1959 (1 spec.).
Acquired from Zuzim, January 2016.
Syrian tetradrachms come in several styles and were struck at different mints for distribution in the province. This rare specimen is in very fine Antiochene style and most likely was struck at Antioch. The issue can be dated to Vespasian's second regnal year around the time of the siege and fall of Jerusalem by Titus Caesar and probably was part of payments awarded to the troops.
A nice chunky piece with a superb portrait of the old soldier.David Atherton
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RPC 1961 VespasianAR Tetradrachm, 14.08g
Antioch mint, 69-70 AD
Obv: AYTOKPA KAICA OYЄCΠACIANOY; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: ЄTOYC NЄOY IЄPOY B; Eagle with wreath in beak on club to l.; in l. field, palm branch; crescent between eagle's legs
RPC 1961 (5 spec.).
The 69-70 time period saw large issues of tetradrachms minted at Antioch, most likely due to the massive military operations in Judaea involved with crushing the Jewish revolt. Titus Caesar mounted the siege of Jerusalem during the spring and summer of 70 when this coin was probably struck. Both Antioch and Alexandria struck coins for circulation in Syria. This tetradrachm is in very fine 'Antiochene' style and is likely a product of that mint. The crescent between the eagle's legs is a trademark of the RPC group 5 tetradrachms from Antioch.
A lovely coin in excellent style.
David Atherton
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RPC 1965 VespasianAR Tetradrachm, 14.33g
Caesarea Maritima mint, 70-71 AD
Obv: ΑΥΤΟΚΡ • ΚΑΙΣ - ΟΥΕΣΠΑΣΙΑΝ; Bust of Vespasian, laureate, r., with aegis
Rev: ETOYΣ Γ IEPOY; Eagle standing, l., with wreath in beak on palm branch; club in l. field
RPC 1965 (1 spec.). Prieur 129.
Acquired from CGB, August 2021.
A small issue of tetradrachms were stuck in southern Syria in the immediate aftermath of the siege and fall of Jerusalem. The coins have been connected by RPC to the Judaea Capta series struck at Caesarea Maritima for several reasons: the date coincides with the fall of Jerusalem, the series emphasises Titus's role (coins featuring Vespasian's portrait are much rarer), similar crude style to the bronze Judaea Capta coins, and the variable weight and fineness points to a military issue. Other authors (Prieur and Kraay) speculate Tyre as the mint. K. Butcher attributes them to a 'south' mint. Notably, the portraits are often depicted wearing an aegis.
Either way, these tetradrachms were almost certainly produced for payment to the troops who had just successfully completed the siege of Jerusalem (c. 6 August 70 AD). I submit that a no truer Judaea Capta coin can be found!David Atherton
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RPC 1967 Titus as Caesar [Vespasian]AR Tetradrachm, 14.48g
Caesarea Maritima mint, 70-71 AD
Obv: AYTOKP TITOΣ KAIΣ OYEΣΠ; Bust of Titus, laureate, r., with aegis
Rev: ETOYΣ Γ IEPOY; Eagle standing, l., with wreath in beak on palm branch; club in l. field
RPC 1967 (3 spec.).
Acquired from CGB, September 2015.
In the immediate aftermath of the fall of Jerusalem Titus Caesar and his troops celebrated their great victory. Games were held, coins were struck, and booty distributed. This rare tetradrachm was minted in Judaea during those heady days of celebrations and games in 70/71 AD.
An interestingly styled coin (just look at those curls!) with some wear and looks as if it could have fought in the Jewish War itself!David Atherton
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RPC 1968 Titus as Caesar [Vespasian]AR Tetradrachm, 13.93g
Caesarea Maritima mint, 70-71 AD
Obv: AYTOKP TITOΣ KAIΣ OYEΣΠ; Bust of Titus, laureate, r., with aegis
Rev: ETOYΣ Γ IEPOY; Eagle standing, l., with wreath in beak on palm branch; club in l. field
RPC 1968 (1 spec.).
Acquired from Roy's Coins, October 2014.
After the siege and sack of Jerusalem in August 70 AD, Titus Caesar spent three days outside the ruined city with his legions handing out rewards and spoils. Josephus tells us what followed next - "Then descending with his army to Caesarea-on-sea, he there deposited the bulk of his spoils and directed that his prisoners should be kept in custody; for the winter season prevented his sailing for Italy" (BJ 7.20). Presumably it is during the sojourn at Caesaera Maritima that this tetradrachm was struck. The coin dates to just after the fall of Jerusalem and is part of the group 6 Syrian tetradrachms. However, the style is fairly crude and the silver fineness variable, all evidence of a military issue. Titus is featured prominently in the series (no doubt due to his recent successful conclusion of the Jewish War) and the style is similar to other bronze coins attributed to Caesarea Maritima. With that in mind, the mint for this issue is most likely Caesarea Maritima and dates to the days or weeks after the fall of Jerusalem as part of the rewards Titus distributed to his triumphant troops.
RPC catalogues two rare versions of this type: one with the obverse legend starting at 6 o'clock (RPC 1967) and an even rarer variant with the legend starting at 12 o'clock (RPC 1968). This specimen is the rarer 12 o'clock variant.
The coin is well worn, but with clear devices and a wonderfully crude portrait. It's so thick that it reminds one not so much of a coin but of a large hunk of stamped metal.David Atherton
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RPC 1970 VespasianAR Tetradrachm, 14.25g
Antioch mint, 69 AD
Obv: AVTOKPATΩP KAICAP CЄBACTOC OYECΠACIANOC; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: ETOYC NEOY IEPOY A; Eagle with wreath in beak standing, l. on club; in l. field, palm branch
RPC 1970 (9 spec.).
Acquired from Tom Cederlind, October 2014.
Vespasian was proclaimed emperor in Alexandria Egypt on 1 July 69 and the legions in Antioch followed suit a week or so later. "At Antioch gold and silver currencies were struck" according to Tacitus in 'The Histories' - and here is one of those coins. Struck between mid July and 30 September 69 this early tetradrachm was probably minted to help finance Vespasian's rise to the purple. These issues are found in hoards all over Judaea, indicating they were also used to pay the legions stationed there involved with crushing the ongoing Jewish revolt. This coin even now has some of the Judaean dirt still clinging to it.
Struck in good 'Antioch' style the coin is better in hand than my feeble attempt at photography would otherwise indicate.
David Atherton
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RPC 1971 VespasianAR Tetradrachm, 14.66g
Antioch mint, 69-70 AD
Obv: AYTOKPATΩP KAICAP CЄBACTOC OYECΠACIANOC; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: ETOYΣ NЄOY•IЄPOY•B; Eagle with wreath in beak on a club to l.; in l. field, palm branch
RPC 1971 (9 spec.).
Acquired from Ancient Imports, November 2014.
The 69-70 time period saw large issues of tetradrachms minted at Antioch, most likely due to the massive military operations in nearby Judaea involved with crushing the Jewish revolt. Titus Caesar mounted the siege of Jerusalem during the spring and summer of 70 when this coin was struck.
In fine 'Antiochene' style featuring a smiling Vespasian.David Atherton
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RPC 1973 VespasianAR Tetradrachm, 14.19g
Antioch mint, 71-72 AD
Obv: AYTOKPATΩP OYECΠACIANOC KAICAP CЄBACTOC: Head of Vespasian, laureate, l.
Rev: ЄTOYC NЄOYIЄPOY Δ: Eagle, l., standing on garlanded altar, head r., caduceus in beak, palm l.
RPC 1973 (13 spec.).
A RPC group 8 tetradrachm in very fine 'Antioch' style featuring a strong, stately portrait. The eagle depicted on an altar with caduceus is a divine messenger between heaven and earth. This group is stylistically linked to the later Cypriot tetradrachms with similar left facing portraits. This coin is an obverse die match with the RPC plate coin (Paris).
A substantial piece in hand with a wonderful, large portrait.David Atherton
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RPC 1976 DomitianAR Tetradrachm, 13.78g
Antioch mint, 81-82 AD
Obv: AYT KAIΣAP ΔOMITIANOC ΣEB; Bust of Domitian, laureate, r. with aegis
Rev: ETOYΣ NEOY IEPOY - B; Eagle with with wings spread on thunderbolt to r.; in r. field, palm branch
RPC 1976 (6 spec.).
Acquired from Münzhandlung Ritter, January 2016.
Although this is a Syrian type it most likely was minted in Alexandria for circulation in the province. There is also the possibility that Alexandrian engravers were working at the Antioch mint. Coined in Domitian's second regnal year, he did not wait long after assuming the purple to issue coins in Syria.
Struck in fine 'Alexandrian' style with beautiful chocolate toning.David Atherton
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RPC 1977 DomitianAR Tetradrachm, 14.23g
Antioch mint, 87-88 AD
Obv: AYT KAIΣAP ΔOMITIANOC ΣEB ΓEPM; Bust of Domitian, laureate, r. with aegis
Rev: ETOYΣ NEOY IEPOY Z; Eagle with with wings spread on thunderbolt to r.; in r. field, palm branch
RPC 1977 (3 spec.).
Acquired from Tom Cederlind, April 2015.
A very rare year 7 tetradrachm struck in 'Alexandrian' style. Probably one of the rarer Antioch issues Domitian coined. RPC speculates that the tets in this style were either struck at Alexandria, or at the very least the dies were prepared there, and then shipped to Antioch for circulation. Compare this with my RPC 1978 in a more "Antiochene" style, IMHO.
Engraved in a fairly crude, but charming style. A fantastic piece overall.
David Atherton
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RPC 1978 DomitianAR Tetradrachm, 14.44g
Antioch mint, 88-89 AD
Obv: AYT KAIΣAP ΔOMITIANOΣ ΣEB ΓEPM; Bust of Domitian, laureate, r., with aegis
Rev: ETOYΣ NEOY IEPOY H; Eagle with wings spread on thunderbolt to r.; in r. field, palm branch
RPC 1978 (7 spec.).
Acquired from Münzhandlung Ritter, April 2015.
This tetradrachm of Domitian from Antioch was struck in "New Holy Year 8" of his reign and represents an excellent example in fine Antioch style. Earlier Domitian tetradrachms were either struck or engraved in Alexandria in a slightly cruder fashion. These year 8 tetradrachms are artistically much more pleasing. RPC speculates the whole Domitianic series is "Alexandrian". It's of interest to note that the Alexandrian coinage underwent a vast stylistic improvement around year 10 or 11, perhaps corresponding with the better style seen in the Antiochene tets from year 8 onward. The use of "Σ" instead of "C" is an Alexandrian trait as well.
A lovely regal portrait with beautiful chocolate toning.David Atherton
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RPC 1980 DomitianAR Tetradrachm, 14.07g
Antioch mint, 91-92 AD
Obv: AYTO KAIΣAP ΔOMITIANOΣ ΣEB ΓEPM; Bust of Domitian, laureate, r., with aegis
Rev: ETOYΣ NEOV IEPOY ENΔEKATOY; Eagle with wings spread on thunderbolt to l., head r., with wreath in beak; in r. field, palm branch
RPC 1980 (12 spec.).
Acquired from Münzhandlung Ritter, June 2015.
Domitian's Antiochene tetradrachms are in general not very common. This type from regnal year 11 is probably the most common of the series and RPC only found 12 specimens in the core collections consulted. These tetradrachms are struck in a finer style than the first two issues, paralleling a change in style seen on coins from Alexandria around the same time. RPC speculates the whole Antiochene Domitianic series is 'Alexandrian'. The dies possibly engraved in Alexandria and the coins struck in Antioch. It's also of interest to note that the use of "Σ" instead of "C" is an Alexandrian trait as well. Kevin Butcher believes Domitian's tetradrachms struck from year 11 onward are 'Antiochene'.
A very stylish portrait characterised by a heavy brow, a common trait seen on Domitian's later Antiochene tetradrachms. A wonderful piece in hand with a beautiful chocolate patina.David Atherton
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RPC 2006 VespasianÆ As, 14.71g
Antioch mint, 72-73 AD
Obv: IMP CAES VESP AVG P M COS IIII; Head of Vespasian, laureate, l.
Rev: S • C in laurel wreath
RPC 2006 (8 spec.).
Acquired from eBay, December 2021.
The Antioch mint struck a series of leaded bronze coins with Latin legends beginning in 72 or 73. This 'As' is part of the first issue, slightly rarer than the huge undated one that followed a few years later. Struck in 'local' style for Syrian circulation, as opposed to the parallel 'Roman' style series which was struck for much wider circulation in the Western provinces.David Atherton
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RPC 2009 VespasianÆ As, 14.85g
Antioch mint, undated
Obv: IMP CAESAR VESPASIAN AVG; Head of Vespasian, laureate, l.
Rev S • C in laurel wreath
RPC 2009 (15 spec.).
Acquired from eBay, January 2020.
In the mid 70s the Antioch mint struck a series of leaded bronze coins with Latin legends. Presumably the Antiochene series picked up where the Rome mint orichalcum 'Syrian' issue struck in 74 left off. They can be distinguished from the Rome issues by the local style, 12 o'clock die axis, and metal. This As likely dates between 76-78 and is very close in style to the contemporary Cypriot tetradrachms struck at Antioch.
Fine Antiochene style struck on a large flan.David Atherton
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RPC 2011 Vespasian Æ Semis, 7.53g
Antioch mint, undated
Obv: IMP CAESAR VESPASIAN AVG; Head of Vespasian, laureate, l.
Rev: S C; in laurel wreath
RPC 2011 (12 spec.).
Acquired from David Connors, June 2022.
An undated issue of leaded bronze coins with Latin legends were struck at Antioch sometime between 76 and 78. They can be distinguished from an earlier Rome mint issue with similar designs by the local style and 12 o'clock die axis. Production of the series likely commenced soon after the Rome issue had run its course. This semis likely dates between 76-78 and is very close in style to the contemporary Cypriot tetradrachms struck at Antioch. David Atherton
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RPC 2014 Titus as Caesar [Vespasian]Æ As, 13.89g
Antioch mint, undated
Obv: T CAESAR IMP PONT; Head of Titus, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: S • C in laurel wreath
RPC 2014 (13 spec.).
Acquired from Ken Dorney, March 2022.
An undated issue of leaded bronze coins with Latin legends were struck at Antioch sometime between 76 and 78. They can be distinguished from an earlier Rome mint issue with similar designs by the local style and 12 o'clock die axis. Production of the series likely commenced soon after the Rome issue had run its course. This as struck for Titus Caesar is probably the most common coin of the issue.
David Atherton
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RPC 2015 Titus as Caesar [Vespasian]Æ Semis, 7.40g
Antioch mint, undated
Obv: T CAESAR IMP PONT; Head of Titus, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: S • C in laurel wreath
RPC 2015 (12 spec.).
Acquired from London Ancient Coins, January 2020.
An undated issue of leaded bronze coins with Latin legends were struck at Antioch sometime between 76 and 78. They can be distinguished from an earlier Rome mint issue with similar designs by the local style and 12 o'clock die axis. Production of the series likely commenced soon after the Rome issue had run its course. This semis struck for Titus Caesar is one of the more common types.
Good style and nicely centred.David Atherton
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RPC 2017 Domitian as Caesar [Vespasian]Æ Semis, 6.35g
Antioch mint, 76-77 AD
Obv: DOMITIANVS CAESAR; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, l.
Rev: S • C in laurel wreath
RPC 2017 (34 spec.).
Acquired from Ken Dorney, June 2022.
An undated issue of leaded bronze coins with Latin legends were struck at Antioch sometime between 76 and 78. They can be distinguished from an earlier Rome mint issue with similar designs by the local style and 12 o'clock die axis. Production of the series likely commenced soon after the Rome issue had run its course. This Domitian Caesar semis is much commoner than the corresponding examples struck for Vespasian and Titus Caesar.David Atherton
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RPC 2024 DomitianÆ Semis, 6.48g
Antioch mint, 81-83
Obv: IMP DOMITIANVS CAES AVG; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, l.
Rev: S • C in laurel wreath
RPC 2024 (11 spec.).
Acquired from eBay, June 2020.
Domitian's Antiochene leaded bronze S C issue was likely struck before 83 since the legends lack the title Germanicus. K. Butcher speculates the S C coinage struck earlier under Vespasian was melted down and recycled for Domitian's brief issue as Augustus, perhaps explaining the former's relative scarcity.
Although these portraits do not come draped, it appears there is a bit of drapery(?) below the wreath ties. It would be unprecedented if that is the case!
David Atherton
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RPC 2045 Titus as Caesar [Vespasian]Æ24, 14.20g
Berytus mint, undated
Obv: IMP T CAESAR AVG F; Head of Titus, bare, l.
Rev: COL IVL AVG; Veiled figure ploughing to r., with two oxen
RPC 2045 (10 spec.).
Acquired from London Ancient Coins, May 2021.
The Roman colony of Berytus struck an undated issue of bronze coinage under Vespasian for both himself and Titus Caesar. The coins feature Latin legends with the traditional reverse type of a founder ploughing with two oxen. The ploughing ritual depicted is the creation of a boundary known as the sulcus primigenius, the first furrow, which delineated the line of the pomerium. The pomerium was a city’s ritual boundary which demarcation the sacred from the profane. The creation of this boundary was the first step in the foundation of a new colony. Berytus became a Roman colony in 14 BC during the reign of Herod the Great.David Atherton
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