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Countermarks

VALEAT monogram countermark on Augustus AE28 EB0527Augustus, AE 28, Celsa, Hispania, L. Baggius and Mn. Flavius Festus, 15-14 BC.
Obverse: AVGVSTVS DIVI F Laureate head right.
Reverse: L BAGGI(O) C V ICEL MNFESTO Bull standing right, II VIR before, with countermark anagram VALEAT.
References: RPC I 273.
Diameter: 28mm, Weight: 10.222 gramsEB

2 countermarks (NIKE) on CILICIA Claudiopolis Hadrian Ae 28 Howgego 262Reference.
RPC III, 3226; SNG Levante 595; Lindgren 1472
for c/m’s: Howgego 262 4x Nike standing r., holding wreath, within oval incuse.1 commentsokidoki

AN countermark in rectangle punch.Copper as, RIC Caligula 58, BMC II 161, SRCV I 556, Rome mint, 10.2 g, 27.6 mm diam.
Obverse - M AGRIPPA L F COS II. Head left wearing a rostral crown.
Reverse - S - C . Neptune standing left, dolphin in right, trident vertical behind in left. A N in rectangle Counter mark above left.
Military commander, Friend of Augustus, Grandfather of Caligula, Great-grandfather of Nero. NORMAN K

Countermark of KALLATIS on LYSIMACHUS (Lysimachos) 305-281 BCEMint, Thrace
Obverse: Head of Athena attic helmet.
Reverse: BAÎ£IÎ›EÎ©Î£ – Î›Î¥Î£IMAXOÎ¥, lion running jumping right, spearhead below
Nice smooth, deep-green patina. SNG COP 1149-1151, McClean 4499. s.sch.4.80g/22mmNORMAN K

MYSIA, PergamonAE21, 6.5g, 1h; c. 133-16 BC.
Obv.: Laureate head of Asklepios right;
Rev.: ΑΣΚΛΗΠΙΟΥ / ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ, Asklepian snake coiled around omphalos, head right; countermark: overfed owl standing, facing.
Reference: SNG BnF 1815 (with owl countermark); BMC Mysia p. 129, 161 (same).John Anthony

Countermark on unidentified Greek coinusshelby10

CaracallaNicomedia,Bithynia-AE 23 of Marcus Aurelius (or Verus?). Youthful head of Caracalla in an oval cmk on reverse.Cassius

TI.C.A Countermark, Caligula, AE As, RIC I 38Gaius Germanicus "Caligula"
Augustus, 37 - 41 A.D.

Coin: AE As

Obverse: C CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS PON M TR POT, bare headed bust facing left.
Reverse: VESTA, Vesta, seated to the left, S - C across the fields.

Weight: 8.89 g, Diameter: 28.5 x 27 x 2 mm, Die axis: 200°, Mint: Rome, struck between 37-38 A.D. Reference: RIC I 38

Countermark: "TI.C.A" on the obverse side, done in the reign of his successor, Claudius (Tiberius Claudius Augustus).Constantine IV

AVG TICAE & S, AE22, Barbaric AE AsAugustus
27 B.C. – 14 A.D.

Coin: AE22 "Barbaric" As, Countermarked

Obverse: Bare headed bust facing right. Countermarks of AVG, TICAE (Tiberius Caesar) and subsequently an S (which may signify the coins downgrading to a Semis).
Reverse: A laurel Wreath.

Weight: 7.69 g, Diameter: 22 x 23 x 1.8 mm, Die axis: 0°, Mint: The Balkans, 27 B.C. - 14 A.D. Reference: Similar to the
AE22's issued by Thessalonica for Augustus (RPC I 1557)Constantine IV

Bow in caseTarsos, region of Cilicia 2nd-1st century BC.

Obv: Turreted head of Tyche right;

Countemark BOW IN CASE

Rev: TAÎ¡Î£EÎ©N, Zeus in himation seated left on throne,

holding eagle-tipped sceptre

Diameter: 20 mm. / Weight: 5,84 gms. / Material: Æ-Bronze

Refs: SNG France 1285ff. var.
emporiton

Countermark on coin of Septimius SeverusSeptimius Severus AE45 medallion of Acrasus, Lydia. 43.5 gr.

AYT KAI L CEP CEOYHROC PER, laureate, draped cuirassed bust
right, countermark of Artemis Ephesia standing facing (Howgego 234.)
EPI CTRA ONHCIPFOROY APOLL TO B AKRACIWTWN (or [2] EPI CTR
FILODHMOY NOYMERIANOY AKRACIWTWN), Biga of stags right
with statue of Artemis Ephesia standing half right with supports.

SNG von Aulock 2883; Hirsch Collection 1571; [2] SNG Cop 6.

From The Sam Mansourati Collection2 commentsSam

Unidentified countermark on unidentified GREEK coinReverse eagle with monogram

Stobi, MakedoniaMarcus Aurelius, AE 24 Diassaria
Obverse legend lost: countermark M•ST
Reverse legend partially lost, but still can read: STO B(I)ionutbd

Punch marks on Achaemenid Dynasty, Darius-Artaxerxes I AR siglos (420-375 BC).o/ The king in kneeling-running stance, holding a bow and dagger.
r/ Incuse punch.
Several small punch-marks stamped by private merchants or money-changers, most likely for currency in India
5,58g. 14mmAugustin Caron

4 countermarks on Athens Tetradrachm449-413 B.C. Attica Old style Tetradrachm

Obverse: Head of Athena right, almond shaped eye, crested helmet with olive leaves and floral scroll, hair in parallel curves. 4 countermarks across cheek.

Reverse: AOE Right, owl standing right, head facing, erect in posture, olive sprig and crescent left, all within incuse square. Test cut and counter punch, and countermark.

1 commentsDk0311USMC

Van Alfen Countermark 3 on Egypt, third quarter 4th Century BC, Van Alfen Countermark 3 on obv. and rev. - probably relating to Persian monetary administration.
Coin details: http://www.forumancientcoins.com/gallery/displayimage.php?pos=-60763

UNIDENTIFIED COUNTERMARK

Tiberius sestertius minted under Augustus, Lyon, A.D. 9-14Obv. TI CAESAR AVGVSTI FI IMPERATOR VI, laurate head of Tiberius left; countermark: (NC)APR : Nero Claudius Augustus Populus Romanus.
Rev. ROM ET AVG, Altar of Lyon flanked by Victories on columns.
22.1g, Ø 36mm, die axis 6h
Ref.: close to RIC Augustus 248b [R4] (which is IMPERATOR VII); close to Cohen 36 (but IMPERATOR VII; same countermark)Charles S

Countermark (star) on unidentified GREEK AEHerakles with lion skin - young rider
countermark star

ROMAN EMPIRE, Claudius, AE Sestertius.EX SC PP OB CIVES SERVATOS

Countermarked: NCAPR behind head.1 comments

Countermark on Athens - AR tetradrachm 431-393 BC
head of Athena right - almond shaped eye, crested helmet with olive leaves and floral scroll
owl standing right, head facing, olive sprig and crescent left
AΘE right
Phoenician contermark
bēth yōdh (yōdh~hand; bēth~house
(Type C), Sear 2526
RARE CONTERMARK
16,5 g 22 mmJ. B.

AnchorTitus and Domitian, 79-81 A.D.
Germe, Lydia
Bronze AE 16
F, 3.038g, 17.3mm, 0*, RPC 930, SNG Cop 135, BMC Lydia -

obv. AYTO KAI CEBAC, Laureate head if Titus right
rev. AYTO KAI CEBAC, Laureate head of Domitian right

Each side countermarked with uncertain object within round punch. One probably an anchor.
Randygeki(h2)

Countermark on Athens OwlAttica-Athens
Silver tetradrachm
449-414 B.C.
17g, 24mm, 45o
Interesting Countermark on reverse1 commentsmihali84

B in circular punchJulia Mamaea AE 26 As of Rome 224/5 AD obv: IVLIA MAMAEA AVGVSTA rv: VENERI FELICIT RIC 695 cmk. "B" in circular punch on neck 5 mm. Origin of counter mark unknown to me. Cassius

Livia dupondius with Nero CountermarkIVSTITIA
Diad. and draped bust of Livia as Justitia right

TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVG P M TR POT XXIIII around large SC

Rome 22-23AD

Sear 1739

Countermark on reverse NCAP:
There are several interpretations of what this, the most interesting of all Julio-Caludian ctmk., means. The two most likely are:
1. Nero Ceasar Augustus Populi Romani
2. Nero Caesar Augustus Probavit
In the first instance it is a congiarium or public dole given by Nero to the people of Rome. In the second, it is a revalidation of the earlier coins of ones predecessors still in circulation.
Possible is also a later use, eg. by Nerva, or that no emperors name was part of the countermark, Countermark Martini Pangerl Collection 1; 20; 60 depending on subtype
Jay GT4

2 countermarks on Augustus. Odessus mint. AE 24.Augustus, 27 BC - 14 AD. Odessus mint. AE 24, 8.547g., 24.4mm. G. Countermarks F. Obv: obverse bare head right, two countermarks on neck, on left turreted head of Tyche right, on right laureate head of emperor (Hadrian?). Rev: cornucopia in wreath, ODHSIT. Ex. FORVM ancient coins Ref: RPC 1801. Countermarks do not appear to be listed in Howgego. Rare

Countermark on reverse of Alexander III, Cyprus Amathus Alexander the great AE
Amathus,Cyprus
Obverse: Head of Alexander as Herakles right
Reverse: Club and quiver,below ,eagle flying left,star over quiver.Between ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ
16.47mm 4.48g
PRICE 3090 ,TZIAMBAZIS 38/3
maik

Countermark on Greek coinI think that the coin is Kings of Bithynia Prusias I Cholos. 230-182 BC. Head of Apollo left, Nike Athena standing left. Countermarks looks like a Lyre and head of Apollo?
Joe Holderman

Star countermark on coin of Antoninus PiusAlthough there is not photo of the rev, I can tell you this coins is from Zeugma in Commagene (Syria). The CM is Howgego 453.
Automan

Nero 54-68 A.D. CAESAREA MARITIMA CAESAREA MARITIMA
Nero 54-68 A.D.
Obv: (NEPΩNKAIΣAPΣEBAΣTOΣ). Laureate head right, star in front
Rev: (KAIΣAPIAHΠPOΣΣEBAΣTΩΛIMENI) LIΔ in field. Tyche standing left, holding human bust and standard; countermark (2) on figure in square VOC
coll MaritimaMaritima

India:Ujjaini countermarked coinUjjaini countermarked coin from ancient Ujjain ,India,
BC 200.
Nice counter mark of a bird on tree top and ujjain symbol on top of it.

Laureate head of emperor rightUncertain mint. Domitian (?). Æ 29. 1st century A.D. Obv: Inscription illegible. Outline of imperial bust right; countermark before. Rev: Worn smooth. Weight: 7.25 g. CM: Laureate head of emperor right, in oval punch, 7.5 x 9 mm. Howgego 109 sim (?). Note: Howgego 109 is noted as being a Cypriot countermark. Collection Automan.1 commentsAutoman

MC countermark on Augustus SestertiusAugustus Sestertius w/ Countermark

“MC” countermark that often appears on the altar of Lugdunum series

Size: 19.5 mm
Noah

Macrinus & Diadumenian Cilicia Aegeae Ob. MAKPINOVP M EU P AIGEW [N] Wreathed head of Dionysos right; thrysos over shoulder, grapes before
Rev. Confronted busts of Macrinus, on left, and Diadumenian, on right; Macrinus radiate, draped and cuirassed, Diadumenian draped and cuirassed
Countermarks: 2, Bust right and Tyche

Ref. SNG Levante -; SNG France 2347
C/m Howgego -.
Size AE26
Weight: 11.86g
(Bacchus collection)

The oval countermark (between M & D) is Howgego 100, described as bust right. It probably depicts Elagabalus since his coins of Aegeae are plentiful (although never found countermarked). Howgego lists 11 specimens of this countermark, 1 of which on a Macrinus/Diadumenian coin. The countermark in the rectangular punch (behind D) is probably Howgego 200, of which only 3 specimens are noted. It is described as Tyche, turreted right. Two of these three listed by Howgego are of Diadumenian. Howgego lists only one coin that combins H100 and H200.

Special thanks to Automan for assistiance1 commentsBacchus

Countermark on Augustus AsAugustus as with countermark

Imperial head (Hadrian?) rightUncertain mint. Domitian (?). Æ 33. A.D. 81-96 (?). Obv: Inscription illegible. Laureate bust/head right; countermark before. Rev: Worn smooth. Weight: 19.36 g. CM: Laureate imperial head right (Hadrian?), in oval punch, 8 x 10 mm. Howgego 109 (1 pc). Howgego notes that 109 is probably a Cypriot countermark. Collection Automan.1 commentsAutoman

Capricorn left in square punchMACEDON. Philippi. Claudius. Æ 16. A.D. 41-54. Obv: (TICLAV-AVG). Bare hear left; countermark on neck. Rev: Two priests/colonists ploughing right. Ref: RPC 1660. Axis: 180°. Weight: 4.43 g. CM: Capricorn left, in square punch, 3 mm. Howgego 303 (16 pcs). Collection Automan.Automan

Bâ–ªAV in rectangular punchEPIRUS. Buthrotum. Nero. Æ 21 (As). A.D. 54-68. Obv: (NER)OCLAVDIV(SCAESARAVGGERM) or sim. Radiate head right; countermark on neck. Rev: (EXCONSENSVD, CCIB in ex) or similar. Butting bull right. Ref: RPC 1406 (or possibly 1403, 1408 or 1410). Axis: 180°. Weight: 5.38 g. CM: Bâ–ªAV in rectangular punch, 9 x 4 mm. Howgego 579 (19 pcs). Note: The countermark may possibly be read "Bvthrotvm Avgvsta". Collection Automan.Automan

Draped female bust rightUncertain mint. Uncertain emperor. Æ 28. Obv: Inscription illegible. Outline of laureate imperial bust right; countermark on head. Rev: Inscription illegible. Weight: 18.37 g. CM: Draped female bust right, in oval punch, 6 x 9 mm. Howgego - (?). Note: The bust resembles Faustina Sr., but may well depict another empress. Collection Automan.Automan

OÎ”IÎ” (monogram of) and Mâ–ªSTMACEDON. Stobi (?). Marcus Aurelius (?). Æ.A.D. 161-180 (?). Obv: Laur. bust r.; 2 CMs, (1) before face, (2) below chin. Rev: Outline of stg. deity. Axis: 165°. Weight: 8.80 g. Note: The attribution of the coin to Stobi is based on the attribution of one of the countermarks to that city and is by no means certain. CM(1): Monogram of "o" ontop of Î” directly followed by "I" ontop of Î”, in rectangular punch, 8 x 5 mm.Howgego 626 (7 pcs). Note: The CM reads "Odessus 4". Howgego suggests "Dionysopolis 4" as a possible alternate reading. CM(2): Mâ–ªST, in rectangular punch, 9 x 4 mm. Howgego 704 (2 pcs). Note: The two specimens noted by Howgego are from Commodus and Marcus Aurelius and were struck in Stobi. The CM may be read Municipium Stobensium. This combination of CMs is not recorded by Howgego. In fact, none of the coins listed with CM (1) or (2) bear more than one CM. CM (2) was applied before CM (1). Collection Automan.Automan

PKA (monogram of)BITHYNIA. Calchedon. Claudius. Æ 24. A.D. 41-54 (likely struck late in that period). Obv: ...KÎ›AYÎ”IOYKAIÎ£APO...TOÎ£. Bare head left; countermark before neck. Rev: KAÎ›XAÎ”ONIÎ©N. Laureate and draped bust of Apollo right; lyre at far shoulder. Ref: RPC 1787 (1 pc); Sear 438. Axis: 210°. Weight: 7.46 g. CM: Monogram of PKA, in rectangular punch, 3 x 6.5 mm. Howgego 632 sim. Note: Howgego 632 is applied to 12 coins of the Thracian king Rhoemetalces I. This countermark is similar, although with the letter "A" added. Could it possibly also be a reference to Rhoemetalces Caesar? RPC argues that Calchedon formed part of Rhoemetalces Kingdom of Thrace. Collection Automan.Automan

NI in circular punchMYSIA. Miletopolis. Septimius Severus. Æ 35. A.D. 193-211. Obv: AVKAIÎ›CEÎ TICEOV-HPO(C?)Î EP(...) or sim. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right; Countermark before bust. Rev: EÎ I(CTPAEVTVXOVCAÎ›EÎžAN)Î›Î˜V (or sim.), MEIÎ›HTOÎ O/Î›ITÎ©N in two lines in ex. Hermes, wearing petasos, seated left on rock, holding caduceus in right hand; left hand rests on rock. Ref: BMC - (14 same rev. for Commodus). Axis: 180°. Weight; 23.84 g.CM: NI in curcular punch, 10 mm. Howgego -. Collection Automan.Automan

NikeBITHYNIA. Nicaea. Caracalla. Æ 27. A.D. 198-217. Obv: AYTâ–ªKâ–ªMâ–ªAVPHâ–ªANTÎ©NINOCâ–ªAYÐ“. Laureate head right; countermark on shoulder. Ref: Î¦IÎ›AÎ”EÎ›-Î¦EIA-NIKAIEÎ©N. Caracalla (left) and Septimius Severus (right) clasping hands over low stool. Ref: BMC -. Axis: 195°. Weight: 12.68 g. CM: Nike advancing right, in circular punch, 8 mm. Howgego 254 (94 pcs). Collection Automan.Automan

CAP/â–ªÎ”â€¾, Serapis and bustLYDIA. Tripolis (?). Commodus (?). Æ 32. A.D. 175-177. Obv: Dr. bust r.; 3 CMs. Ref: SNG Aul -; SNG Cop -. Weight: 19.49 g. Note: The identif. of the coin is consistent with other specimens bearing cm (2), which are from Tripolis, bear the portrait of Faustina Jr., and are around 30 mm. CM(1): CAP, â–ªÎ”â€¾, in 2 lines, in oval punch, 10 x 9 mm. Howg. 561 (46 pcs). Note: The "dash" to the right of the Î” might indicate that the denom. is 4 1/2 assaria. This, and other denominational countermarks, were applied at Sardis to worn coins of other cities in w. Roman Asia, although not to Sardian coins (unless worn smooth). Appl. may have taken place during the sole reign of Gallienus, the reason being that coins bearing the portr. of Gallienus have been found cm'd, while a cm'd coin has been found bearing the cm of another city consistent with this date. CM(2): Hd of Serapis r., in modius, n circ. punch, 4 mm. How. 20 (3 pcs). CM(3): Bust in circ punch, 5 mm. How. 95 ? (2 pcs). Collection Automan.Automan

TR (monogram of) or possibly ploughMACEDON. Philippi. Augustus. Æ 18 (Semis). 27 B.C.-A.D. 14. Obv: AVG. Bare head right. Rev: Two colonists ploughing right with two (?) oxen; countermark below oxen. Ref: BMC 86-88 (MYSIA. Parium); RPC 1656. Axis: 360°. Weight: 3.90 g. CM: Monogram of TR, in circular punch, 4.5 mm. Howgego 657 (4 pcs). Note: The monogram may refer to Troas, but may also be a stylized plough. Collection Automan.Automan

TrophyCILICIA. Uncertain colonial mint. Octavian. Æ 19 (Semis). Ca 31-30 B.C. Obv: (P)RINCEPSFELIX. Bare head right; countermark on neck. Rev: COLONIA-(IVLIA-IIVIR). Two humpded oxen pulling plow to left; in field to left two monograms: (1) VE, (2) TER. Ref: RPC 4083. Axis: 270°. Weight: 5.59 g. Note: The mint has been the subject of some discussion. The monograms of the revers refer to the names of the duovirs. CM: Trophy in circular punch, 5 mm. Howgego - (3 pcs in RPC, though). Collection Automan.Automan

Laureate (?) head rightSAMARIA. Uncertain mint (Caesarea Maritima?). Titus (?). Æ 20. 70s A.D. (?). Obv: Inscription illegible. Faint outline of imperial bust right; countermark on neck. Rev: Worn smooth. Weight: 7.59 g. CM: Laureate (?) head right, in rectangular punch, 3.5 x 4.5 mm. Howgego 135 (28 pcs). Note: Probably applied in Palestine. Collection Automan.Automan

Laureate bust rightSYRIA or SAMARIA (?). Uncertain mint. Titus or Domitian (?). Æ 23. 70s-80s A.D. Obv: Inscription illegible. Faint outline of imperial bust right; countermark on head. Rev: Worn smooth. Weight: 10.78 g. CM: Laureate bust right, in rectangular punch, 4.5 x 6 mm. Howgego 133 ? (17 pcs). Collection Automan.Automan

NYÎ£ASAMARIA. Nysa-Scythopolis (?). Nero (?). Æ 21. A.D. 66/67 (?). Obv: (NEPWNKÎ›AYÎ”IOÎ£KAIÎ£APÎ£EB...). Laureate head of Nero right; countermark on neck. Rev: (NYÎ£A, LPÐ“ in field). Tyche standing left. Ref: RPC 4834 (?); Spojkerman 4 (?). Axis: 360° ? Weight: 8.46 g. Note: The identification of the coin is based on the countermark; all identifiable specimens listed by Howgego bearing this countermark are of Nero from Nysa-Scythopolis. CM: NYÎ£A, in rectangular punch, 11 x 4.5 mm. Howgego 555 (8 pcs). Note: The countermark was applied to valiadate coins of Nero. Collection Automan.Automan

S (lunate sigma) in square punchUncertain mint. Uncertain emperor. Æ 28. Uncertain date. Obv: Faint outline of imperial bust right; countermark before. Rev: Deity (female?) standing facing, head turned left. Axis: 360°. Weight: 10.41 g. CM: S (lunate sigma) in square punch, 4.5 mm. Howgego 810 ? (1 pc). Note: Denominationa countermarks in rectangular punches are found of coins of Mysia, Troas and Aeolis, and were possibly applied in one city in that region. Collection Automan.Automan

H in circular punchUncertain mint, possibly SAMARIA, Caesarea Maritima (Judaea Capta coinage). Titus (?). Æ 18. Early 70s A.D. (?). Obv: Inscription illegible. Outline of imperial bust right; countermark before. Rev: Worn smooth. Weight: 4.81 g. Note: The identification of the coin as belong to the Judaea Capta series depicting Titus is based on the countermark. CM: H in circular punch, 5 mm (punch may be broken). Howgego 832.1 (1 pc). Collection Automan.Automan

Bust right, laureateCORINTHIA. Corinth. Antoninus Pius. Æ 26. A.D. 138-161. Obv: (ANTONI)NVS -(AVGPIVS). Laureate head right; Countermark before face. Rev: (CLI)-C-OR. Nike moving right. Ref: BMC -; SNG Cop -. Axis: 315°. Weight: 10.49 g.CM: Laureate bust right, in oval punch, 5 x 6 mm. Howgego 56 (89 pcs). Likely applied after circa A.D. 205. The vast majority of coins bearing this countermark are from Corinth. Collection Automan.Automan

Large head rightUncertain mint. Æ 22. 1st century A.D. ? Obv: Inscription illegible. Outline of imperial bust right; countermark on bust. Rev: Worn smooth. Weight: 6.42 g. CM: Large head right, in rectangular punch, 7 x 9 mm. Howgego -. Collection AutomanAutoman

Caracalla (?), head rightBITHYNIA. Nicomedia. Commodus. Æ 24. A.D. 177-192 (?). Obv: (...)VAN-TÎ©N(...) or similar. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right. Rev: MH(TNEÎ©KOPÎ©N), NEIK(OMHÎ”) in ex., or similar. Eagle standing left, head turned back, fighting with snake; prow in ex. Ref: SNG Cop 565 for reverse for Commodus Caesar. Defacement of portrait (damnatio). Axis: 195°. Weight: 9.82 g. CM: Laureate imperial head right (Caracalla?), in circular punch, 6.5 mm. Howgego 67 (48 pcs). Note: May have been applied because Caracalla spent his birthday 4/4 215 in Nicomedia. Collection Automan.1 commentsAutoman

Head right (laureate)SAMARIA. Caesarea. Domitian. Æ 27. Circa A.D. 92. Obv: IMPCA-ESDOMITAVG-(GERMTRPXI). Radiate head right, with aegis; countermark before. Rev: (IMPXXI)COS(XVICENSPP). Palm-tree. Ref: RPC 2307. Axis: 30°. Weight: 15.10 g. CM: Laureate head right, in circular punch, 6.5 mm. Howgego 119 (18 pcs). Collection Automan.Automan

Head of emperor right (possibly NE behind)SAMARIA. Neapolis. Domitian. Æ 24. A.D. 86/87 (year 15). Obv: (AYTOKPATÎ©PÎ”OMITIANOÎ£KAIÎ£AP)Î£EBAÎ£TOÎ£Ð“EP or similar. Laureate head right; countermark on head. Rev: Î¦Î›AOYI-NEAÎ -(Î£AM) or similar in three lines, LEI beneath. Crossed cornucopiae. Ref: RPC 2224 (1 pc!). Axis: 180°. Weight: 14.24 g. Note: Since the second letter of the date line, although resembling an "E" rather than an "A", is heavily worn it is difficult to say wheather this coin was struck in year 11 (LAI) or year 15 (LEI) based solely on that letter. The obverse legend seems to end "Ð“EP", though, which is not the case on coins of year 11. The coins of year 15, though, are extremely rare. CM: Head of emperor right (possibly letters NE behind), in rectangular punch, 5 x 6 mm. Howgego 32 ? (7 pcs). Note: There does not seem to be space enough for the letters "NE" (which probably refer to Neapolis rather than Nerva) behind the head. Howgego 32 is, however, applied to most of these coins. Collection Automan.Automan

A in rectangular punchSAMARIA. Neapolis. Elagabalus. Æ 22. A.D. 218-222. Obv: AVTKMAVPA-NTWNINOC. Laureade, draped and cuirassed bust right; countermark on neck. Rev: (Î¦Î›NEACÎ OÎ›CVPÎ AÎ›). Mt. Gerzim, consisting of two rocky masses; the left surmounted by temple approached by stairway; the right has altar on summit. Ref: BMC 95; Sear GIC 3122. Axis: 30°. Weight: 11.38 g. CM: A in rectangular punch, 2 x 3 mm. Howgego 666 (37 pcs). Note: The "A" may stand for (Severus) Alexander. Collection Automan.Automan

Head and galleySAMARIA. Caesarea Maritima (for province of Judaea) Titus (?). Æ 21. A.D. 71 to circa 73. Obv: Inscription illegible. Faint outline of imperial bust right; countermark (1) on head. Rev: Inscription illegible. Nike standing right, inscribing on shield; countermark (2). Ref: RPC 2311-2312(?). Axis: 360°. Weight: 6.21 g. CM(1): Laureate (?) head right, in rectangular punch, 4 x 4.5 mm. Howgego 135 (28 pcs). Note: The countermark is likely of Palestinian origin. CM(2): Galley, in rectangular punch, 5 x 3.5 mm. Howgego 409 (22 pcs). Note: The galley was an emblem of Legio X Fretensis. Collection Automan.Automan

Head and galleySAMARIA. Caesarea Maritima (for province of Judaea). Titus (?). Æ 19. A.D. 71 to circa 73. Obv: Inscription illegible. Outline of bust right; countermark (1) before. Rev: Worn smooth; countermark (2). Ref: RPC 2311-2312 ? Weight: 6.98 g. CM(1): Laureate (?) head right, in rectangular punch, 4 x 4.5 mm. Howgego 135 (28 pcs). Note: The countermark is likely of Palestinian origin. CM(2): Galley, in rectangular punch, 5 x 4 mm. Howgego 409 (22 pcs). Note: The galley was an emblem of Legio X Fretensis. Collection Automan.Automan

Head and galleySAMARIA. Caesarea Maritima (for province of Judaea). Titus (?). Æ 19. A.D. 71 to circa 73. Obv: Inscription illegible. Faint outline of imperial bust; countermark (1). Rev: worn smooth, countermark (2). Ref: RPC 2311-2312 ? Weight: 6.63 g. CM(1): Laureate (?) head right, in rectangular punch, 4 x 4.5 mm. Howgego 135 ? (28 pcs). Note: The countermark is likely of Palestinian origin. CM(2): Galley, in rectangular punch, 6 x 4 mm. Howgego 409 (22 pcs) or possibly 410 (15 pcs). Note: The galley was an emblem of Legio X Fretensis. The size of the countermark places it somewhere between 409 and 410. Collection Automan.Automan

Bust right (laureate)SAMARIA. Sebaste. Julia Soemias or Julia Maesa. Æ 20. Obv: Draped bust right; countermark below chin. Rev: COLâ–ªLâ–ªSEPâ–ªSEB-(ASTE) or similar. Scene of rape of Persephone: Hades in galloping quadriga right, carrying Persephone in right arm, above horses Eros flying right; below overturned basket (?). Ref: BMC 16 or 18. Axis: 235°. Weight: 10.75 g. CM: Laureate (?) bust right, in rectangular punch, 4.5 x 6 mm. Howgego 141 (19 pcs). Collection Automan.Automan

Head (male) rightJUDAEA. Ascalon. Claudius. Æ.A.D. 52/53 (?). Obv: (Î£E)BAÎ£(-T)OÎ£. Laureate head left; cuntermark on head. Rev: (AÎ£KAÎ›Î©, GNP BP to right). Tyche-Astarte standing left on prow, holding sceptre and aplustre; to left altar, to right dove. Ref: RPC 4887. Axis: 360°. Weight: 10.36 g. Note: It may be assumed that the coin depicts Claudius, since all four specimens noted by Howgego bearing this countermark are from that emperor. CM: Male head right, in rectangular punch, circa 8 x 10 mm. Howgego 143 (4 pcs). Collection Automan.Automan

Dioscuri stg. facing, hld. spearsUncertain mint. Uncertain emperor. Æ 25. 2nd century A.D. (?). Obv: Inscription illegible. Faint outline of imperial bust; countermark. Rev: Worn smooth. Weight: 8.93 g. CM: Dioscuri standing facing, holding spears, in rectangular punch 7 x 9 mm. Howgego 250 ? (1 pc!). Note: The only "Dioscuri standing" countermark noted by Howgego is applied to an Ascalon bronze from Septimius Severus, dated A.D. 197. Collection Automan.Automan

Standing figure hld staff (Poseidon?)SAMARIA. Uncertain mint (Sebaste, Caesarea Maritima?). Titus or Domitian. Æ 21. 70s-80s A.D. Obv: Inscription illegible. Faint outline of imperial bust right; 2 countermark: (1) before face, (2) on neck. Rev: Worn smooth. Weight: 6.78 g. CM(1): Standing figure, holding staff, in rectangular punch, 3 x 4 mm. Howgego 281 (5 pcs). Note: Possibly depicting Poseidon, symbolic of Legio X Fretensis. CM(2): possibly second application of same cm. Collection Automan.Automan

KAI and laureate headSAMARIA. Caesarea Maritima. Nero. Æ 23. A.D. 68 (year 14 of the reign of Nero). Obv: (NEPÎ©NKAIÎ£APÎ£EBAÎ£TOÎ£). Laureate head right, star in front; countermark on head (1). Rev: (KAIÎ£APIAHÎ POÎ£Î£EBAÎ£TÎ©Î›IMENI) or similar, LIÎ” in field. Figure (Tyche?) standing left, holding human bust and standard; countermark (2) on figure. Ref: RPC 6842; Sear GIC 629. Axis: 360°. Weight: 10.49 g. CM(1): KAI in rectangular punch, 8 x 6 mm. Howgego 543 (18 pcs). Note: The countermark was probably applied in A.D. 68/68, before the city became colony under Vespasian, to validate coins of Nero. CM(2): Laureate head right, in circular punch, 4 mm. Howgego 115 (12 pcs). Note: Likely applied at the same time as countermark (1). In fact, Howgego notes that it may well be the case that all coins bearing countermark (1) also bear countermark (2) and vice-versa. Collection Automan.Automan

IMP in rectangular punchBarbaric imitation of Asian AE As. Augustus. Æ 25. 1st century A.D. Obv: TÎ›VÐ—EVSV (blundered). Head right. Rev: Blundered inscription obliterated by countermark. Wreath. Large flan crack due to countermarking. Axis: 300°. Weight: 7.48 g. CM: IMP in rectangular punch, 10 x 5.5 mm. Imitation of imperial countermark. Collection Automan.Automan

EIPH (monogram of)CILICIA. Irenopolis. Valerian. Æ 28 (8 Assaria). A.D. 253-256. Obv: AVTKÎ Î›I-(OVAÎ›EPIANOCCEB) or sim. Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right. Rev: I-PH(NOÎ O-Î›ITWNÎ”C) or sim., H in field. Dionysus, holding thyrsos and kantharos, standing behind two panthers. Ref: SNG Aul 5597. Axis: 210°. Weight: 25.56 g. Note: This specimen is remarkably thick and heavy. The average for 87 specimens of this denomination noted by Ziegler (1993) is only 17.6 g. CM: Monogram of EIPH (?), in circular punch, 6 mm. Howgego 616 (7 pcs). Note: Likely applied after the city ceased issuing its own coins. Collection Automan.Automan

X in square punchSYRIA: SELEUCIS & PIERIA. Antiochia ad Orontem. Augustus. Æ 28 (Large denomination). Circa A.D. 5/6-11/12. Obv: IM(Pâ–ªAVGVSTâ–ª-TRâ–ªPO)T. Laureate head right; countermark on head. Rev: SC within circle within laurel-wreath of eight leaves. Ref: RPC 4264. Axis: 360° (?). Weight: 13.88 g. CM: X in square punch, 4 mm. Howgego 729ii (51 pcs). Note: Countermark of the 10th legion Fretensis. May have been applied in connection with Trajan's Parthian campaign, although may just as well have been applied over a period of time. Since no countermarked coins are later than the reign of Domitian, likely the countermark was applied before the reign of Hadrian. Collection Automan.Automan

LVIF and laureate (?) head rightSYRIA: SELEUCIS & PIERIA. Antiochia ad Orontem. Nero or Domitian. Æ 22. A.D. 65/66 (year 114; if Nero) or A.D. Obv: Illegible legends, laureated head left; 2 countermarks: (1) on head, (2) behind neck. Rev: SC within laurel-wreath of eight leaves. Ref: RPC 4298 (if Nero) or 2024 (if Domitian). Axis: 30°. Weight: 6.35 g. CM(1): LVIF in rectangular punch, 7 x 3 mm. Howgego 726 (12 pcs). Note: Countermark of the 6th Legion Ferrata. Applied only to the samaller denomination, primarily of the SC series. Likely applied at the same time as countermark (2), possibly in Palestine after the transfer of the Legion to Caparcotna in Judaea, where it is known to have been stationed after the Jewish revolt of 132-135 (and possibly even from around 123). CM(2): Laureate (?) head right, in square punch, 4 mm. Howgego 134 (11 pcs). Note: Also countermark of the 6th Legion Ferrata. Likely applied at the same time as countermark (1). Collection Automan.Automan

Head rightPHOENICIA. Ptolemais (Akko). Claudius. Æ 22. A.D. 50/51 (year 11 of Claudius, year 99 in the era of Casarea). Obv: Uncertain inscription. Laureate head right; countermark on neck. Rev: Ð“EPMANIEÎ©(NTÎ©NENÎ TOÎ›EM)AIÎ”I, (AI L) in field to left, Î˜ (QL) in field to right. Tyche standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia. Ref: RPC 4746 (6 pcs); Seyrig 25; Sear GIC 479. Axis: 360°. Weight: 9.17 g. CM: Male head right, in pentangular punch, 5 x 6.5 mm. Howgego 138 (21 pcs). Collection Automan.Automan

KAI and laureate headSAMARIA. Caesarea Maritima. Nero. Æ 22. A.D. 68 (year 14 of the reign of Nero). Obv: (NEPÎ©NKAIÎ£APÎ£EBAÎ£TOÎ£). Laureate head right, star in front; countermark (1). Rev: (KA)IÎ£A(PIAHÎ POÎ£Î£EBAÎ£TÎ©Î›IMENI) or similar, LIÎ” in field. Figure (Tyche?) standing left, holding human bust and standard; countermark (2) on figure. Ref: RPC 6842; Sear GIC 629. (Axis: 360°). Weight: 10.24 g. CM(1): KAI in rectangular punch, 8 x 5 mm. Howgego 543 (18 pcs). Note: The countermark was probably applied in A.D. 68/68, before the city became colony under Vespasian, to validate coins of Nero. CM(2): Laureate head right, in circular punch, 5 mm. Howgego 115 (12 pcs). Note: Likely applied at the same time as countermark (1). In fact, Howgego notes that it may well be the case that all coins bearing countermark (1) also bear countermark (2) and vice-versa. Collection Automan.Automan

Head right (laureate)SAMARIA. Caesarea Maritima (for province of Judaea). Titus. Æ 24. A.D. 71 to circa 73. Obv: (AYTOKPTITOÎ£KAIÎ£AP). Laureate head right; countermark on neck. Rev: (IOYÎ”AIA-C-E-AÎ›WKYIAÎ£). Captive, with arms tied behind back, crouching right to left of foot of trophy, shield to right of trophy. Ref: RPC 2313; Sear GIC 784. Axis: 330°. Weight: 12.57 g. CM: Laureate head (bust?) right, in rectangular punch, 5.5 x 6.5 mm. Howgego 133 (17 pcs). Note: The countermark may have been applied in Palestine. Collection Automan.Automan

Head right (laureate)SAMARIA. Caesarea Maritima (for province of Judaea). Titus. Æ 24. A.D. 71 to circa 73. Obv: (AYTOKPTITOÎ£KAIÎ£AP). Laureate head right; countermark on neck. Rev: (IOYÎ”AIA-C-E-AÎ›WKYIAÎ£). Captive, with arms tied behind back, crouching right to left of foot of trophy, shield to right of trophy. Ref: RPC 2313; Sear GIC 784. Axis: 330°. Weight: 10.84 g. CM: Laureate head right, in rectangular punch, 5.5 x 6.5 mm. Howgego 133 (17 pcs). Note: The countermark may have been applied in Palestine. Collection Automan.Automan

Head right (laureate)SYRIA, SAMARIA, or JUDAEA (?).Uncertain mint. Uncertain Flavian (?) emperor. Æ 25. Circa A.D. 69-96 (?). Obv: Inscription illegible. Laureate head left; countermark on chin. Rev: Inscription illegible. Worn nearly smooth. Weight: 11.30 g. CM: Laureate head right, in rectangular punch, 5 x 6 mm. Howgego 132 (13 pcs) or Howgego 133 (17 pcs) ? Collection Automan.Automan

3 countermarks - A.Pius, Tyche and SAESYRIA: SELEUCIS & PIERIA. Laodiceia ad Mare. Trajan. Æ 26. A.D. 114-116 (year 162 or 163 in the era of Laodiceia). Obv: (AVTOKPNEPTPAIANOCAPICTKAICCEBÎ“EPÎ”AK) or similar. Laureate head right; 3 countermarks: (1) on neck, (2) before face, (3) on head. Rev: (IOVÎ›IEWNTWNKAI)-Î›AO(Î”IKEWNBÎžP) or sim. Turreted bust of Tyche right, uncertain inscription in field to right. Ref: BMC 40-52 (?); Sear GIC 1080(v?). Axis: 360°. Weight: 8.37 g. CM(1): Laureate head of Antoninus Pius right, in oval punch, 4 x 6 mm. Howgego 113 (156 pcs). CM(2): Turreted bust of Tyche right, in oval punch, 4 x 5 mm (?). Howgego 203 ? (4 pcs). CM(3): SAE in rectangular punch, 8 x 4 mm. Howgego 572 (7 pcs). Collection Automan.Automan

Antoninus Pius (head of)SYRIA: SELEUCIS & PIERIA. Laodiceia ad Mare. Antoninus Pius. Æ 25. A.D. 140/141 (year 188 in the era of Laodiceia). Obv: (AVTOKAITIAIÎ›IAÎ”PIA-NTÎ©NEINONC) or similar. Laureate head left; countermark on neck. Rev: IOVÎ›(IE)WNTWN(K)-AIÎ›AOÎ”IKEWN, KO in field to left, HÎ P in field to right. Turreted and draped bust of Tyche left. Ref: BMC 64 (?); Sear GIC 1497. Axis: 330°. Weight: 9.77 g. CM: Laureate head of Antoninus Pius right, in oval punch, 4 x 5.5 mm. Howgego 113 (156 pcs). Note: Since the head is that of A. Pius and the latest countermarked coins were struck in A.D. 143/4, the countermarking can be dated to A.D. 143/4-161. Collection Automan.1 commentsAutoman

CAÐ“SYRIA: SELEUCIS & PIERIA. Laodiceia ad Mare. Septimius Severus. Æ 28. A.D. 193-198 (i.e. before Laodiceia became colony). Obv: (AYT)KAI(CEÎ )-CE(OYHPOC). Laureate head right; countermark bafore chin. Rev: IEYÎ›-Î›AOÎ”I-CEOVHM-(HTPOÎ -OÎ›EÎ©) or sim. in laurel-wreath. Ref: BMC 85 or 86. Axis: 360°. Weight: 15.04 g. CM: CAÐ“ in rectangular punch, 6 x 3.5 mm. Howgego 581 (116 pcs). Collection Automan.Automan

Î”AK in rectangular punchSYRIA: COELE SYRIA. Leucas. Trajan. Æ 22. A.D. 102/103 (year 55). Obv: (AY)KAINEP-TRAIA(NOCÎ”AK...) or similar. Laureate head right; countermark before. Rev: (Î›EYKAÎ”IWN)-KÎ›AYÎ”IEWN, EN in field. Emperor, holding sceptre, in quadriga galloping right. Ref: BMC 3; Sear GIC 1082. Axis: 30°. Weight: 9.16 g. CM: Î”AK in rectangular punch, 6 x 3 mm. Howgego 529 (43 pcs). Note: Interestingly, the title Dacicus is already part of the inscription of the coin. Collection Automan.Automan

AÎ”PSYRIA: COELE SYRIA. Leucas. Trajan. Æ 20. A.D. 102/103 (year 55). Obv: AYKAINEP-TRAIA(NOCÎ”AK...) or sim.Laur. head right; CM on neck. Rev: (Î›EYKAÎ”IWN)-KÎ›AYÎ”IEWN, EN in field. Emperor, hld. sceptre, in quadriga galloping right. Ref: BMC 3; Sear GIC 1082. Axis: 30°. Weight: 6.52 g. CM: AÎ”P in rectangular punch, 5.5 x 3 mm. Howgego 511 (12 pcs). Note: Interestingly, no coins countermarks "AÎ”P" are also countermarked "Î”AK". "Î”AK" is clearly the more common of the two countermarks. The meaning of "AÎ”P" is uncertain. There are also coins of Macrinus from Leucas countermarked "AÎ”P", and Howgego therefore argues that it cannot refer to Hadrian. It seems odd, though, that issues of Trajan and Macrinus (but NONE of intervening emperors) should have been countermarked at the same time. If this really were the case, one would expect coins of Trajan to be heavily worn, which is not the case. Collection Automan.Automan

AÎ”PSYRIA: COELE SYRIA. Leucas. Macrinus. Æ 27. A.D. 217 (year 254). Obv: (AV)KOÎ EMA-KPEINO(CCE). Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right; countermark behind. Rev: Î›E-VKAÎ”IÎ©N, (Î” N C) in ex. Emperor (?) in quadriga, galloping right. Ref: Sear GIC 2956. Axis: 360°. Veight: 15.97 g. CM: AÎ”P in rectangular punch, 5.5 x 3 mm. Howgego 511 (12 pcs). Collection Automan.Automan

AÎ”PSYRIA: COELE SYRIA. Leucas. Macrinus. Æ 26. A.D. 217 (year 254). Obv: (AVK)OÎ EMA-KPEINOCCE. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right; countermark on neck. Rev: (Î›)EV(KAÎ”IÎ©N), Î” N C in ex. Emperor (?) in quadriga facing. Ref: SNG Switzerland 2174 (var. obv. bust); Lindgren 2187 (?). Axis: 360°. Weight: 16.84 g. CM: AÎ”P in rectangular punch, 5.5 x 3 mm. Howgego 511 (12 pcs). Collection Automan.Automan

Nike (x2), Asklepios, Elagabalus, and Goat (x2)CILICIA. Aegae. Caracalla (?). Æ 32. A.D. 198-217. Inscription illegible. Laureate head right; 4 countermarks: (1) on shoulder, (2) on head, (3) before face, (4) before neck.Inscription obliterated. Rev: Worn smooth; 2 countermarks. Weight:16.38 g. Note: The coin can be identified as being from Aegeae since this coin's countermarks were applied only to coins of that city. CM(1&5): Nike left, in circular punch, 6 mm. Howgego 258 (9 pcs). Note: The countermark was applied to both sides of all coins. CM(2): Bust of Asklepois right (?), in rectangular punch, 4 x 6 mm. Howgego 5 ? (1 pc). CM(3): Laureate bust right (Elagabalus), in oval punch, 4 x 7 mm. Howgego (11 pcs). Note: Likely applied during the reign of Elagabalus, since his coins were not countermarked. CM(4&6): Goat standing right (?), in roughly circular punch, 5 mm.Howgego 313 ? (7 pcs). Collection Automan.1 commentsAutoman

Countermark of Aurelius and Verus (?)Uncertain mint, possibly PHOENICIA. Ptolemais (Akko)? Uncertain emperor, possibly Trajan. Æ 22. A.D. 98-117 (?). Obv: Inscription illegible. (Laureate head right?).Rev: Inscription illegible. (Tyche seated right?); countermark. Weight: 9.39 g. CM: Two facing bearded busts (Aurelius and Verus?), in rectangular punch, 6 x 4.5 mm. Howgego 50 ? (2 pcs). Note: Howgego 50 is the only countermark resembling this one, although the identification is uncertain. The speciment illustratd by Howgego, is also heavily worn, though. Collection Automan.Automan

Bust and Nike leftUncertain mint, possibly SYRIA. Uncertain emperor, possibly Trajan. Æ 24.1st century A.D. Obv:Inscription illegible.Outline of imperial head; 2 countermarks: (1) to left of head, on neck. Rev: Worn smooth. Weight: 9.62 g. CM(1): Laureate imperial bust right, in roughly rectangular punch, 5 x 7 mm. Howgego 133 ? (17 pcs). CM(1): Winged figure of Nike walking left, holding wreath in extended hand, in rectangular punch, 4.5 x 6 mm. Howgego -. Collection Automan.Automan

Tyche (turreted bust of)MESOPOTAMIA. Rhesaena. Trajan Decius. Æ 26. A.D. 249-251. Obv: AVTKAIÐ“AIMECKVTPAÎ”E(KIOCCEB). Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust left; countermark on head. Rev: CEÎ KOÎ›PHCAINHCIWNLIIIP. Founder ploughing right with two oxen; eagle in field above; wreath between two palm-branches (?) in ex. Ref: BMC 15. Axis: 360°. Weight: 13.40 g. CM: Turreted bust of Tyche right, in circular punch, circa 7 mm. Howgego 209 (5 pcs). Collection Automan.Automan

KAP (monogram of)SYRIA: SELEUCIS & PIERIA. Antiochia ad Orontem. Augustus. Æ 27 (Large denomination, dupondius?). 5/4 B.C. (year 27). Obv: IMPâ–ª(AVGVSTâ–ª)-TRâ–ªPOT. Laureate head right; countermark on chin and neck. Rev: SC within circle within laurel-wreath of eight leaves. Ref: RPC 4247. Axis: 15°. Weight: 16.15 g. CM: Monogram of KAP, crescent above, in square punch, circa 9 x 8 mm. Howgego 607 (8 pcs). Collection Automan.Automan

Athena (standing)SYRIA: SELEUCIS & PIERIA. Antiochia ad Orontem. Nero. Æ 20 (Medium denomination, as?). A.D. 66-68. Obv: (IMNERCLAVCAESAR) or similar. Laureate head right; countermark on neck. Rev: SC within circle within laurel-wreath of eight leaves. Ref: RPC 4297, 4308, 4310 or 4312. Axis: 360°. Weight: 7.13 g. CM: Athena standing right, holding spear and shield, in rectangular punch, 3.5 x 5.5 mm. Howgego 245 (139 pcs). Note: May be an imperial countermark due to Domitian's association with Athena/Minerva, likely applied between A.D. 83-96 in Antioch. Collection Automan.Automan

CornucopiaeSYRIA: SELEUCIS & PIERIA. Antiochia ad Orontem. Domitian. Æ 26 (Large denomination, dupondius?). A.D. 81-83. Obv: IMPDO(MITI)-ANVSC(AESAVG). Laureate head left; countermark (1) on shoulder, countermark (2) to right of bust. Rev: S C, Î” beneath, all within laurel-wreath. Ref: RPC 2023. Axis: 360°. Weight: 14.73 g. CM: Cornucopiae containing two bunches of grapes, in circular punch, 7 mm. Howgego 402 (3 pcs). Collection Automan.Automan

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