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S.872 Wulfred (Eardwulf)Irregular styca in the name of two moneyers- Wulfred and Eardwulf
Most likely struck during the time of King Æthelred II or Osberht
Moneyer: Wulfred and Eardwulf
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 872
O: +VVLFRED
R: +EARDVVLF
Motif: 1/3
A styca combining the reverses of two of the Northumbrian moneyers. Wulfred coined for Eanred and Æthelred II. Eardwulf was the major moneyer during Aethelred's second reign. Coins exist in the name of Osberht with reverses in the name of Eardwulf and Wulfred but these are probably irregular issues.
Double reverse stycas are unusual; they also known for moneyers Herreth, Æthelweard, Eadwine, Wulfheard, and Dægberct. They are presumably evidence of chaotic political events when the money was not under some central authority's scrutiny.
Ex- English Coin Auctions 2015 (lot 48)St. George's Collection
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S.871 Wulfhere (Wulfred)Styca of Wulfhere, archbishop of York 854-900
Moneyer: Wulfred
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 871
Pirie unlisted
Abramson C-40/34c
O: VVLFHFR AREP (retrograde)
R: +VVL.FRED (retrograde)
Motif: 1/3
Unlisted reverse die in Pirie's 'Coins of the Kingdom of Northumbria', but I believe the obverse die is the same as Pirie 1290.
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.871 Wulfhere (Wulfred)Styca of Wulfhere, archbishop of York 854-900
Moneyer: Wulfred
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 871
Pirie unlisted
Abramson C-40/34c
O: +VLFHERE ABED (retrograde)
R: +VVLFRED (retrograde)
Motif: 1a/1
Die pairing is unlisted in Pirie, appears to have the same obverse as Pirie 1276-1277 but a different reverse. Pirie does note that other reverses are known for this die obverse.
Ex- History In CoinsSt. George's Collection
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S.870 Wigmund (Hunlaf)Styca of Wigmund, archbishop of York 837-854
Moneyer: Hunlaf
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 870
Pirie 933, Phase II Group Ci
O: +VIGMVD IPER
R: +HVNLAF
Motif: 1/1
Hunlaf also struck coins for Kings Aethelred II and Redwulf, although those specimens are quite rare, while stycas in the name of Wigmund are quite common.
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.870 Wigmund (Coenred)Styca of Wigmund, archbishop of York 837-854
Moneyer: Coenred
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 870
O: +VIGMVND AREP
R: +COENRED
Motif: 1/1
Coenred also struck coins for king Redwulf.
Ex- Keith ChapmanSt. George's Collection
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S.870 Wigmund (Coenred)Styca of Wigmund, archbishop of York 837-854
Moneyer: Coenred
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 870
O: +VIGMVND IREP
R: +COE.NRED
Motif: 1/1
Particularly nice example of this episcopal styca. Coenred also struck coins for Aethelred II and Redwulf.
Ex- Charles Wood, DNW 18 March 2015 (lot 519 [part]), Derek TidmarshSt. George's Collection
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S.870 Wigmund (Aethelweard)Styca of Wigmund, archbishop of York 837-854
Moneyer: Aethelweard
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 870
O: +VIGMVND IREP
R: +EDILVEARD (retrograde)
Motif: 1/1
Archbishop Wigmund had four moneyers who struck coins: Aethelweard, Aethelhelm, Coenred, and Hunlaf. All are similarly common. Aethelweard also struck coins for Wigmund's predecessor Eanbald II.
Ex- Mauseus CoinsSt. George's Collection
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S.870 Wigmund (Aethelweard)Styca of Wigmund, archbishop of York 837-854
Moneyer: Aethelweard
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 870
O: +VIGMVNP APEP
R: +EPILVEARD (retrograde)
Motif: 1/1
Ex- Silbury CoinsSt. George's Collection
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S.870 Wigmund (Aethelhelm)Styca of Wigmund, archbishop of York 837-854
Moneyer: Aethelhelm
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 870
O: +VIGMVND
R: +EDELHELM
Motif: 1/1
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.870 Wigmund (Aethelhelm)Styca of Wigmund, archbishop of York 837-854
Moneyer: Aethelhelm
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 870
O: +VIGMVND
R: +EDELHELM
Motif: 1/5d
Aethelhelm struck coins for Archbishop Wigmund as well as King Osberht. His name is also found in various butchered forms on the later irregular stycas.
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.867 Redwulf (Wendelberht)Styca of Redwulf, king of Northumbria 844
Moneyer: Wendelberht
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 867
Pirie 1485
Abramson 4-10/30b
O: +REDVVLF REX
R: +VENDELBER.HT
Motif: 1/1
Wendelberht coined for Redwulf as well as for Aethelred II. His coins of Aethelred II are scarce, and his coins of Redwulf are rare.
This particular reverse die was also used to strike coins for Aethelred II.
Besides this coin, and another in the Moffat collection, the few Redwulf/Wendelberht coins that I can track down are: 5 in the Yorkshire museum, 1 in Leeds University, 2 in SCBI 30: American collections, 1 in the Bolton Percy hoard of 1847, 1 sold by Baldwin's in Sept 2005 (ex- B. Lowsley), and 1 in an American collection that has been published on the web.
Ex- CNG eAuction 324 (lot 644), Peter MoffatSt. George's Collection
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S.867 Redwulf (Odilo)Styca of Redwulf, king of Northumbria 844
Moneyer: Odilo
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 867
Pirie 1705
Phase II, Group Ciii
Abramson 4-20/27f
O: +REDVLF RE
R: +ODI.LO (retrograde)
Motif: 1/1
This coin may be a derivative or descendant issue, made during the irregular period of civil war c.850, years after Redwulf's brief reign (844). Metallurgical studies (Gilmore and Pirie, BAR: 180) of a sister coin to this one (same dies) show a significant difference in the composition of coin compared to other coins from Redwulf's reign. Interestingly, this coin's obverse die is known to have been paired with reverses of the moneyers Brother, Forthred, and Monne, along with somewhat blundered reverses in the names of Alghere, Herreth, and Coenred, as well as Odilo.
Three other coins inscribed Redwulf/Odilo can be traced: two in the Yorkshire museum (YM1628 and YM 1628a) and one in Denmark's Royal Collection in Copenhagen (SCBI 4: 368). The two in the Yorkshire collection are from the same die pair as this coin, the one in Copenhagen is from a different reverse die, not retrograde.
This particular coin appears to be identical to the specimen illustrated in the first volume of the British Numismatic Journal in 1903. I am not sure whether it belonged to the author, Major Creeke, or to Nathan Heywood, whom Major Creeke credits with lending some specimens for his research. In "Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society" vol XV (1897), Heywood lists a styca of Redwulf/Odilo as being in his collection, and being absent from the British Museum's collection.
Ex- CNG eAuction 324 (lot 643), Peter Moffat, Major A. B. Creeke (or Nathan Heywood), plated in BNJ 1: The regal sceatta and styca series of Northumbria, 1903St. George's Collection
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S.867 Redwulf (Monne)Styca of Redwulf, king of Northumbria 844
Moneyer: Monne
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 867
O: +REDVLF RE (retrograde)
R: +MONNE (retrograde)
Motif: 1/3
Monne is one of the most prolific moneyers of stycas. Monne coined for Eanred, Aethelred II, Redwulf, and Osberht. Due to the considerable time period that encompasses (late 830s to early 860s), it would not be unreasonable to consider that there was more than one 'Monne,' perhaps even a father and son. The name Monne is also found in blundered form on many of the irregular stycas c.850.
Ex- History In Coins, UKDFD: 22280St. George's Collection
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S.867 Redwulf (Hwaetnoth)Styca of Redwulf, king of Northumbria 844
Moneyer: Hwaetnoth
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 867
O:+REDVVLF REX
R: +HVAETNDD
Motif: 1/1
Hwaetnoth is a rare moneyer for Redwulf. He is not known to have struck coins for any other monarchs.
Ex- Holding History Coins, CNG eAuction 342 (lot 1058 [part]), Peter MoffatSt. George's Collection
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S.872 Redwulf? (Herreth)Irregular styca of Redwulf, king of Northumbria 844
Moneyer: Herreth
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 872
Pirie unlisted
Phase II, Group A
O: +REV+HLV
R: +HERRED
Has same obverse as Pirie 468, with a different reverse. Both coins depict the moneyer Herreth.
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.867 Redwulf (Forthred)Styca of Redwulf, king of Northumbria 844
Moneyer: Forthred
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 867
O: +REDVLF RF (retrograde)
R: +EORDRED
Forthred coined for Eanred, Aethelred II, and Redwulf. His name is frequently misspelled as "Eordred" on coins of Redwulf (and occasionally Aethelred II), leading prior generations of numismatists to speak of two different moneyers, but it is fairly well accepted now that they are one and the same.
Ex- A.G.&S. GillisSt. George's Collection
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S.867 Redwulf (Eanred)Styca of Redwulf, king of Northumbria 844
Moneyer: Eanred
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 867
Pirie 947
O: +REDVLF RE
R: +EANRED
Motif: 1/3
Eanred is a common moneyer for Aethelred II but is very rare for Redwulf.
Ex- G.Walbert, J.PhilpottsSt. George's Collection
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S.867 Redwulf (Cuthberht)Styca of Redwulf, king of Northumbria 844
Moneyer: Cuthberht
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 867
O: +REDVLF REX
R: +CVDBEREhT
Motif: 1/1
Cuthberht is a rare moneyer who only struck coins for Redwulf. His design is unusual for the lower case 'h' in the spelling of his name, one of the few lower case letters to be found on any Northumbrian inscriptions.
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.867 Redwulf (Coenred)S.867 Redwulf (Coenred)
Styca of Redwulf, king of Northumbria 844
Moneyer: Coenred
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 867
Abramson 4-10/5f
O: +REDVVLF REX
R: +COENED
Motif: 5d/1
Coenred was an episcopal moneyer who struck coins for Wigmund, archbishop of York, as well as for Kings Aethelred II and Redwulf.
Ex- M.VosperSt. George's Collection
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S.867 Redwulf (Brother)Styca of Redwulf, king of Northumbria 844
Moneyer: Brother
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 867
O: +REDVLF RE
R: +BRODER
Motif: 1/1
Brother also coined for Eanred and Aethelred II. Like Redwulf's other moneyers, his career seems to have come to an end after he coined for the usurper, as he is not known to have coined for Aethelred's successor.
Ex- Holding History Coins, CNG eAuction 342 (lot 1058 [part]), Peter MoffatSt. George's Collection
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S.867 Redwulf (Alghere)Styca of Redwulf, king of Northumbria 844
Moneyer: Alghere
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 867
O:+REDVLF RX
R: +ALGHERE
Motif: 1/1
Alghere also coined for Aethelred II
Ex- DNW 25 Apr 2018 (lot 186), M Lessen, BA Seaby, Glendining 11-13 May 1954 (lot 108[part]), HA ParsonsSt. George's Collection
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S.869 Osberht (Wulfsige)Styca of Osberht, king of Northumbria 849-867
Moneyer: Wulfsige
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 869
Pirie 445
O: BOSBEBHT
R: +VVLFSIXT
Motif: 3/1
Wulfsixt is believed to be the same moneyer as Wulfsige, who also minted coins for Aethelred II. The letter "X" is runic for the modern letter "G"
Ex- ABC CoinsSt. George's Collection
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S.872 Osberht (Wulfred)Irregular styca of Osberht, king of Northumbria 849-867
Moneyer: Wulfred
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 872
Pirie 2218
Phase II, Group Dii
O: BOSBCRH (retrograde)
R: +VVLFRED (retrograde)
Motif: 4/1
Another reflective or irregular coin which depicts a blundered spelling of Osberht, along with the name of a prolific moneyer (Wulfred) from the reign of Æthelred II. Die match to Pirie 2218. The obverse is also used to strike stycas in the name of Æthelhelm, Eardwulf, and other nonsensical letter combinations.
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.869 Osberht (Winiberht)Styca of Osberht, king of Northumbria 849-867
Moneyer: Winiberht
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 869
O: OSBERCHT RE
R: VINIBERHT
Motif: 1b/5
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.869 Osberht (Winiberht)Styca of Osberht, king of Northumbria 849-867
Moneyer: Winiberht
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 869
O: OSBERCHT RE
R: VINIBERHT
Motif: 1b/2
Ex- Silbury CoinsSt. George's Collection
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S.869 Osberht (Winiberht)Styca of Osberht, king of Northumbria 849-867
Moneyer: Winiberht
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 869
Pirie 1241
O: OSBERCHT RE
R: VINIBERHT
Motif: 2/2
Winiberht is a rare moneyer who only struck coins for Osberht.
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.872 Osberht (Æthelhelm?)Irregular styca of Osberht, king of Northumbria 849-867
Moneyer: Æthelhelm?
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 872
Pirie 2219
Phase II, Group Dii
O: BOSBCRH (retrograde)
R: +EDVLHV (retrograde)
Motif: 4/5d
Nonsense reverse legend. Probably a blundered form of Æthelhelm. Same die as Pirie 2219, also shares obverse die with my coin of Osberht, with the moneyer Eardwulf
A die match can be found in Museum Victoria in Melbourne, Australia.
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.869 Osberht (Monne)Styca of Osberht, king of Northumbria 849-867
Moneyer: Monne
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 869
O: OSBERCHT EX
R: +MO.NNE (retrograde)
Presuming he was a single person, Monne is the only moneyer to have struck stycas for Eanred, Aethelred II, Redwulf, and Osberht. If he started around the end of Eanred's reign, then this might represent a period of some 15 years. This is longer than any of the other moneyers seemed to work, and it must be considered that there might have been more than one 'Monne'.
Ex- RP CoinsSt. George's Collection
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S.872 Osberht (Eardwulf)Irregular styca of Osberht, king of Northumbria 849-867
Moneyer: Eardwulf
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 872
Pirie 2215
Phase II, Group Dii
O: BOSBCRH (retrograde)
R: +EARDVVLF
Motif: 4/1
Most likely an irregular coin circa 855, which depicts a blundered spelling of Osberht, along with the name of a prolific moneyer (Eardwulf) from the reign of Æthelred II. Die match to Pirie 2215. The obverse is also used to strike stycas in the name of Æthelhelm, Wulfred, and other nonsensical letter combinations.
Ex- eBay, UKDFD 19244St. George's Collection
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S.869 Osberht (Eanwulf)Styca of Osberht, king of Northumbria 849-867
Moneyer: Eanwulf
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 869
Ex- Holding History Coins, CNG eAuction 342 (lot 1058 [part]), Peter MoffatSt. George's Collection
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S.869 Osberht (Aethelhelm)Styca of Osberht, king of Northumbria 849-867
Moneyer: Aethelhelm
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 869
O: +OSBRCHT
R: +EDELHELM
Motif: 1/1
Aethelhelm also struck coins for Archbishop Wigmund.
Ex- eBay, UKDFD 47634St. George's Collection
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S.872 Irregular stycaIrregular styca
Moneyer: Henred?
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 872
O: ENAREX+
R: +HENRÆÐ
This irregular styca bears resemblance to the East Anglian "REX ANG" type of Aethelstan I, though without the central 'A". It could also be a degenerated form of Eanred.
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.872 Hwaetred (Monne)Irregular styca in the name of two moneyers- Hwaetred and Monne
Most likely struck during the time of King Æthelred II or Osberht
Moneyer: Hwaetred and Monne
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 872
O: IH[V]AETRET
R: +MONNE (retrograde)
An irregular reflective styca, imitating two moneyers and of uncertain date
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.872 Hoaud? (Hwætred)Irregular styca in the name of "Hoaud"
Moneyer: Hwætred
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 872
O: +HOAVD RE
R: +HVAETRD (retrograde)
Motif: 1/1
Ex- J SimpsonSt. George's Collection
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S.872 Hoaud? (Hwætred)Irregular styca in the name of "Hoaud"
Moneyer: Hwætred
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 872
O: +HVOLHEA (retrograde)
R: +HVAETRD (retrograde)
Motif: 1/1
This coin fits into the die chain series of the coins in the name of "Hoaud", though the legend is obviously nonsensical.
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.872 Hoaud? (Hwætred)Irregular styca in the name of "Hoaud"
Moneyer: Hwætred
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 872
O: [+HO]AVD RE
R: +HVAET[RD] (retrograde)
Motif: 1/1
A slightly chipped coin of King Hoaud, the king that most likely never was. This is an irregular styca which for many years was thought to be of an otherwise unknown king, Hoaud or Huath or some variation. The name itself does not seem to be Anglo-Saxon. Most likely this is a contemporary imitation of coins minted in the 850s, which does not, by die analysis, fit into the main body of die-linked coins of Osberht. Perhaps it was produced outside of the main minting center (presumably York)
D.C. Axe, in his article "Dating the so-called Hoaud stycas", determines that these coins are consistent with the metallic composition of coins made in the 850s, probably during the civil war between Osberht and Ælla, which ended with the attack of the Viking "Great Heathen Army," an event (probably 867) that closed the chapter on Northumbrian independence and styca coinage. There is no figure named "Hoaud" and the lettering is probably nonsensical, as are many of the coins produced at this time. However, during the 19th century, numismatists ran with the idea that 'Hoaud' was one of the kings of this early petty kingdom, and his stycas were evidence of this.
The moneyer, Hwætred, coined for Eanred early in his reign, which was a good 40 years before this coin was produced. Hwætred did not strike coins for any of Eanred's successors, suggesting he was no longer in the coining business by 850. Hwætred's coins are all good silver, unlike this issue which has negligible silver content. So the moneyer was imitative, as was the obverse, making the existence of King Hoaud quite unlikely.
Still, because of the history, this issue is quite collectible. Including museum specimens, there are probably less than 20 of these coins in existence, and when they sell, as with two specimens sold through CNG, they sell for far more than other irregular stycas of the same period.
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.872 Herreth (Herreth)Irregular styca in the name of "Herreth"
Most likely struck during the time of King Eanred
Moneyer: Herreth
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 872
O: X HERREÐ
R: X HERREÐ
A double reverse Northumbrian styca of King Eanred's moneyer Herreth
Northumbrian stycas are well known for being crude and, especially in later years, having nonsensical legends. In fact, Spink/Seaby #S.872 is given to all of those coins fitting into the "irregular series."
But this is not a 'typical' blundered styca. In fact it is a mule and presumable deliberately produced "double reverse" coin, depicting the moneyer on both sides, of good style, and from an earlier period than the later civil wartime irregular stycas. This is suggested given that there were finds of this issue at Hexham, which was stashed during the reign of Redwulf or slightly thereafter, and does not include stycas from the later blundered period.
Double reverse coins are not common in the styca series. There are five pairings described:
1) Double reverse of Herreth
2) Double reverse of Aethelweard
3) Double reverse of Eadwine
4) Mule of Herreth/Alfheard
5) Mule of Herreth/Daegberct
Despite the crudeness of Northumbrian coinage, these are really the only major double-reverse mules known for the series, besides later heavily blundered types.
The manufacture of coins was presumably a structured process, given the many thousands of coins produced. The lower die is presumed to have been mounted on some solid piece of wood or anvil, thought to perhaps be via a spike that could be driven into the wood, holding it fast in place. The obverse die would be held with one hand, the hammer with the other. It's not known for sure if this is how manufacture took place, but it is a reasonable assumption that both dies would not be loose and subject to considerable movement during striking.
So for a double-reverse pairing to take place, a reverse die would have been mistakenly manufactured as an obverse die (without the spike), then paired with a normal reverse for striking. This makes some sense, as double obverse pairings are exceedingly uncommon in the styca series, and quite rare overall in medieval and ancient coins. Or this could have been a deliberate act of manufacture by a moneyer who believed the king held no authority over him. Certainly the true meaning will never be known.
There are several coins with the double reverse of Herreth known. They share the reverse with the 1st (left) one of my coin (the side with the D distant from the X). This reverse is also used to strike coins in the name of Eanred. The other known Herreth coins (such as EMC 1997.8609) have a different 2nd reverse, which is known to be paired with an obverse die of Eanred. So both dies were certainly used as reverse dies for regular Eanred coins (something that was unclear when Metcalf and Northover were writing about these coins in 1987).
The 2nd reverse on this coin is different than the other coins described. I haven't seen this die previously used on coins, but presumably it was also made as a reverse for Eanred's coins.
For further discussion of this issue, see "Herreth" in "Coinage in Ninth-Century Northumbria" by D.M. Metcalf, 1987
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.872 Forthred (Brother)Irregular styca in the name of two moneyers- Forthred and Brother
Most likely struck during the time of King Eanred
Moneyer: Forthred and Brother
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 872
O: +FORDRED (retrograde)
R: +RODER (retrograde)
Motif: 1/1
A styca combining reverses for two moneyers, Forthred and Brother.
Ex- Davisson eAuction 46 (lot 175), Zabel CollectionSt. George's Collection
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S.858 Eardwulf (Cutheard)Sceat of Eardwulf, king of Northumbria 796-806, 808-810
Moneyer: Cutheard
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 858
Phase Ia
O: +EARDVVLF R
R: CVDhEVRT
Ex- Spink 21050 (lot 431), T.Abramson, A.Gillis, EMC 2009.0077 (found Kilham, East Yorkshire)St. George's Collection
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S.862 Eanred (Wulfred)Styca of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Wulfred
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 862
O: +EANRED RE
R: +VVLFRED
Motif: 1/1
Wulfred is a prolific moneyer who coined for kings Eanred, Aethelred II, Osberht, and Archbishop Wulfhere. There are no significant die links that interweave these kings' coinage, and this coinage extends over a fairly lengthy period, so it is possible that there was more than one Wulfred.
Ex- Holding History Coins, CNG eAuction 342 (lot 1058 [part]), Peter MoffatSt. George's Collection
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S.862 Eanred (Wulfheard)Styca of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Wulfheard (or Heardwulf)
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 862
O: +EANHED HEX
R: +VVLFEHRRD
Motif: 1/1
Wulfheard (or Heardwulf) is a somewhat scarce moneyer for Eanred
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.860 Eanred (Wilheah)Styca of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Wilheah
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 860
O: +EANRED REX
R: +VILHEAH
Motif: 6/6
Ex- Silbury CoinsSt. George's Collection
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S.862 Eanred (Wihtred)Styca of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Wihtred
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 862
Pirie 160
Phase II, Group A
O: +EANRED REX
R: +ǷINTRMᛞ
Motif: 1/1
Rare styca of Eanred with moneyer's name in runic letters. Only used on this single reverse die. The Yorkshire museum has an impressive six specimens of this coin, there was one in the Mack collection (EMC 1020.0404), 3 other individual metal detecting finds recorded in the Early Medieval Corpus (EMC 2000.0372, EMC 2001.0304, EMC 2008.0098), one in UKDFD (5444), two on Adamson's plates from Hexham hoard (presumably are in British Museum) and two in the Peter Moffat collection (one is this coin). There are certainly other unrecorded specimens out there.
Besides what appears to be a high rate of survival from this die pair, the obverse die was also used to strike coins from 7 other reverse dies of Wihtred, and 5 reverse dies of the moneyer Monne. This is quite unusual for a single die to produce that quantity of coins.
Ex- CNG eAuction 468 (lot 688), J & M Robertson, SpinkSt. George's Collection
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S.862 Eanred (Wihtred)Styca of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Wihtred
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 862
Pirie 160
Phase II, Group A
O: +EANRED REX
R: +ǷINTRMᛞ
Motif: 1/1
Rare styca of Eanred with moneyer's name in runic letters. Only used on this single reverse die. The Yorkshire museum has an impressive six specimens of this coin, there was one in the Mack collection (EMC 1020.0404), 3 other individual metal detecting finds recorded in the Early Medieval Corpus (EMC 2000.0372, EMC 2001.0304, EMC 2008.0098), one in UKDFD (5444), two on Adamson's plates from Hexham hoard (presumably are in British Museum) and two in the Peter Moffat collection (one is this coin). There are certainly other unrecorded specimens out there.
Besides what appears to be a high rate of survival from this die pair, the obverse die was also used to strike coins from 7 other reverse dies of Wihtred, and 5 reverse dies of the moneyer Monne. This is quite unusual for a single die to produce that quantity of coins.
Ex- eBay, Holding History Coins, CNG eAuction 342 (lot 1058 [part]), Peter MoffatSt. George's Collection
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S.862 Eanred (Wihtred)Styca of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Wihtred
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 862
O: +EANRED REX
R: +DIHTRR (retrograde)
Motif: 1/1
Ex- Holding History Coins, CNG eAuction 342 (lot 1058 [part]), Peter MoffatSt. George's Collection
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S.860 Eanred (Tidwine)Sceat of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Tidwine
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 860
Pirie unlisted
Phase Ia
O: +EANRED REX
R: TIDVNI
Motif: 5/1b
Tidwine is a rare moneyer who coined for Eanred early in his reign. His coins are silver sceats. He is not known to have coined for any other monarchs.
Ex- Spink, Lord StewartbySt. George's Collection
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S.862 Eanred (Odilo)Styca of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Odilo
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 862
O: +EANRED REX
R: +ODILO MON
Motif: 1/6
Odilo was a moneyer for Eanred and Aethelred II. His coins are overall quite rare. They are frequently inscribed with 'Odilo Mon' with the 'mon' short for monetarius. The name Odilo does not sound Anglo-Saxon and is probably a Germanic or Frisian name. Coins in Odilo's name are also known for Redwulf, but these are probably descendant issues.
Ex- Silbury CoinsSt. George's Collection
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S.862 Eanred (Monne)Styca of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Monne
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 862
O: +ƎANЯED REX
R: +MONNE
Motif: 1/1
Monne is one of the most prolific moneyers of stycas. Monne coined for Eanred, Aethelred II, Redwulf, and Osberht. Due to the considerable time period that encompasses (late 830s to early 860s), it would not be unreasonable to consider that there was more than one 'Monne,' perhaps even a father and son. The name Monne is also found in blundered form on many of the irregular stycas c.850.
Ex- TimeLine OriginalsSt. George's Collection
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S.860 Eanred (Hwaetred)Sceat of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Hwaetred
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 860
O: +EANRED REX
R: +HVAETRED
Motif: 1/1
Hwaetred was an early moneyer for Eanred. He is not known to have coined for Eanred's predecessors or successors. Hwaetred is a fairly scarce moneyer, and his coinage is usually of good silver quality. Hwaetred was responsible for one of the most controversial stycas, the so-called "Hoaud" coin. Stycas exist which pair an obverse die reading +HOAVD RE with a reverse of +HVAETRD. For a time, these were thought to be coins of an otherwise unknown King Hoaud. This theory was more or less debunked by D. C. Axe in BAR 180, which showed that this was most likely a marriage of two reverse dies both reading a blundered version of HWAETRED. This explanation is accepted by the majority of numismatists, but "Hoaud" coins still sell for a pretty premium.
Ex- Holding History Coins, CNG eAuction 342 (lot 1058 [part]), Peter MoffatSt. George's Collection
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S.860 Eanred (Herreth)Sceat of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Herreth
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 860
O: +EANRED DEX
R: +HERRED
Ex- eBay, SpinkSt. George's Collection
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S.860 Eanred (Herreth)Sceat of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Herreth
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 860
O: X EANREd (retrograde)
R: X HERRED
Ex- RP CoinsSt. George's Collection
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S.860 Eanred (Herreth)Sceat of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Herreth
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 860
Pirie 103
Phase Ib
O: +EAИRED REX
R: +HERRED X
Motif: 1/1
Herreth was an early moneyer for Eanred. He is not known to have coined for Eanred predecessors or successors. His names, usually blundered, appears somewhat frequently on irregular stycas of c.850.
Ex- Leodis Hammered Coins, PAS: SWYOR-11C9F2St. George's Collection
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S.862 Eanred (Gadutels)Styca of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Gadutels
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 862
Pirie 676
Phase II, Group Ci
O: +EANRED RE
R: +GADVJEIS
Motif: 1/1
The moneyer Gadutels was not known to have coined for any other monarch. It has been suggested that the names 'Aldates' and 'Gadutels' or 'Ladutels' are variants of the same name. It has also been suggested that 'Badigils' is also a variant of this name, but this is not universally accepted.
Ex- A.G.&S. GillisSt. George's Collection
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S.862 Eanred (Fulcnoth)Styca of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Fulcnoth
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 862
O: +EANRED REX (retrograde)
R: +FOLCNOD M (retrograde)
Motif: 1/1
One of only two coins of Eanred in the Ripon Hoard of 1695.
Ex- Morton & Eden Auction 91 (lot 10 [part]), Archbishop John Sharp, Ripon Hoard (1695)St. George's Collection
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S.862 Eanred (Fulcnoth)Styca of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Fulcnoth
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 862
O: +EANRED REX
R: +FVLCNOD
Motif: 1/1
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.862 Eanred (Forthred)Styca of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Forthred
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 862
O: +ERANRED EX (retrograde)
R: +FORDRED
Motif: 1/1
Forthred, was a prolific moneyer of Eanred, Aethelred II, and Redwulf.
Ex- York Coins, CNG Auction 90 (lot 2354 [part]), Peter MoffatSt. George's Collection
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S.860 Eanred (Æthelheah)Sceat of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Æthelheah
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 860
O: +EANRED RE
R: +EDILECH
Motif: 5/5
Æthelheah, considered the normalized name of "Edilech", was an early moneyer for Eanred. His career seems to have been quite short, as his coins are the rarest of all moneyers in the styca series. He has some connection to Cynwulf, another early moneyer of Eanred, as coins exist that share an obverse die.
Ex- Spink Auction 16019 (lot 64), Lord Stewartby, SpinkSt. George's Collection
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S.860 Eanred (Eadwine)Sceat of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Eadwine
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 860
Phase Ib
O: +ЄɅNɅED ɅЄX
R: +EADVIИI
Motif: 5/5
Ex- Silbury CoinsSt. George's Collection
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S.860 Eanred (Eadwine)Sceat of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Eadwine
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 860
Pirie unlisted
Phase Ib
O: +EAИRED REX
R: +EADVI.ИI
Motif: 1a/1
Eadwine, or Eadvini, was one of Eanred's earlier moneyers, and his coins are usually made of good silver. Early moneyers of Eanred are somewhat more scarce than the later ones. Eadwine is not known to have coined for Eanred's predecessors or successors, but he did coin for Archbishop Eanbald II. Blundered versions of his name also appear on some irregular stycas of the later c.850 period.
This coin is unlisted in Pirie, but is struck with the same reverse die as Pirie 76-77.
Ex- CNG eAuction 324 (lot 618), Peter MoffatSt. George's Collection
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S.860 Eanred (Daegberct)Sceat of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Daegberct
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 860
Phase Ib
O: +EANRED REX
R: +DAEGBERCT
Motif: 1/1
Ex- Holding History Coins, CNG eAuction 342 (lot 1058 [part]), Peter MoffatSt. George's Collection
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S.862 Eanred (Daegberct)Styca of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Daegberct
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 862
Pirie unlisted, Phase Ib
O: +EANRED REX
R: +DAEGBERCT
Motif: 1/1
Daegberct was one of Eanred's earlier moneyers. His coins are scarce, and mostly a silver billon composition. This particular coin however is a copper styca, suggesting that Daegberct may have coined for some time. He is not known to have coined for Eanred's predecessors or successors.
This coin is very similar to Pirie 65-66, it looks like it was struck with the same obverse die, but the reverse is different than either of those coins.
Ex- York Coins, CNG eAuction 324 (lot 755 [part]), Peter MoffatSt. George's Collection
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S.860 Eanred (Daegberct)Sceat of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Daegberct
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 860
Pirie unlisted
Phase Ib
O: EANRED REX
R: DAEGBERCT
Motif: 1/1
Daegberct was one of Eanred's earlier moneyers. His coins are scarce, and mostly a silver billon composition, as is this one. He is not known to have coined for Eanred's predecessors or successors.
Ex- Roman Lode CoinsSt. George's Collection
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S.860 Eanred (Cynwulf)Sceat of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Cynwulf
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 860
Pirie unlisted
Phase Ia
O: EAIRED REX (retrograde)
R: CYNVALF
Motif: 4/4
Cynwulf was one of Eanred's earlier moneyers, and his coins are silver sceats. They are fairly scarce. He is also known to coin for Archbishop Eanbald II.
This particular coin was struck from dies not listed in Pirie. This is not so surprising, as the source collections of York and Leeds are relatively weak in early silver sceat varieties, especially compared with their strength in the copper stycas from the later period of Eanred's reign to the end of Osberht's. I cannot track a die match through the Early Medieval Corpus either, though it is similar to several coins listed. I did note though that the coin seems to be a die match to one of the sceats found at Hexham (Eanred:24) in the Adamson plates, reproduced by Pirie in 'Coinage in Ninth-Century Northumbria'. The coins from Hexham form the backbone of the British Museum's Northumbrian collection, which as yet has not been illustrated in a Sylloge.
Ex- A.G.&S. GillisSt. George's Collection
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S.860 Eanred (Cutheard)Sceat of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Cutheard
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 860
Phase Ia
O: +EANRED R
R: +CVDHARD
Motif: 1/1
Ex- Wessex CoinsSt. George's Collection
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S.860 Eanred (Cutheard)Sceat of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Cutheard
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 860
Phase Ia
O: +EANRED R
R: +CVDHARD
Motif: 1/1
Cutheard coined for Aethelred I, Eardwulf, Aelfwald II, and Eanred. This issue comes at the end of his career.
Ex- CNG eAuction 409 (lot 937)St. George's Collection
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S.862 Eanred (Brother)Styca of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Brother
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 862
O: +EANRED REX
R: +BRODR
Ex- Leodis Hammered Coins, York Hoard (1841)St. George's Collection
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S.862 Eanred (Brother)Styca of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Brother
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 862
O: +EANRED REX (retrograde)
R: +BRODR
One of only two coins of Eanred in the Ripon Hoard of 1695.
Ex- Morton & Eden Auction 91 (lot 10 [part]), Archbishop John Sharp, Ripon Hoard (1695)St. George's Collection
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S.862 Eanred (Brother)Styca of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Brother
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 862
O: +EANRED REX
R: +BRODER
Motif: 1/1
Brother is one of the most prolific of moneyers. He coined for Eanred, Aethelred II, and Redwulf
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.862 Eanred (Badigils)Styca of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Badigils
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 862
Pirie unlisted, Phase II Group Ciii
Abramson 2(unlisted obverse)/3
O: ƎɅ++NREⱭ R (retrograde)
R: +BADIGILS
Motif: 1/6
Badigils is a rare moneyer of Eanred. There is speculation that the name Badigils is related to other names seen on coins of Eanred: namely Aldates and Gadutels. They may even all be the same person. If this is not the case, Badigils was an unrelated moneyer whos name is probably Beadugils. Only a few coins of this moneyer have been found.
This coin is unlisted in Pirie, but mentioned as extant in section Phase II, Group Ciii. The coin itself seems to be a die match to a coin found at Hexham, illustrated by Adamson (Eanred:188). It is not the same coin. Adamson's plates were reproduced by Pirie for 'Coinage in Ninth-Century Northumbria'.
Known coins of Eanred/Badigils include 4 in the British museum (from Hexham hoard), 1 in the Yorkshire museum, 1 in another Northern Museum (SCBI 48: 265, from Bolton Percy), two coins listed in E. J. E. Pirie's "Early Northumbrian coins at auction, 1981" (one of which I believe is the aforementioned SCBI 48: 265, the other one I believe is the present coin), and supposedly 2 others in private collections traced by Abramson. There are four examples drawn on Adamson's plates of the Hexham hoard, which are probably the 4 in the British Museum.
Ex- York Coins, CNG eAuction 324 (lot 755 [part]), Peter Moffat, ?Stanley Gibbons. Probably ex- Charles Winn, William Fennell, Bolton Percy. I think this coin is plated in BNJ 51: Early Northumbrian Coins at Auction, 1981, coin #4 (However due to poor quality of the image I can't be 100% certain)St. George's Collection
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S.860 Eanred (Alfheard?)Sceat of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Alfheard
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 860
Pirie 95
Phase Ib
O: +EAHRED R
R: ALFHEARD
Motif: 1/1
Alfheard is a possible moneyer for Eanred. It is not clear if Alfheard is a distinct moneyer or whether it is an aberrant spelling of Wulfheard (frequently written as 'VVLFHEARD' or 'VVLFHRRD'. It is also possible that the name is Heardwulf. There are coins that depict a reverse of '+ALFHEARD' which raises the suspicion that Alfheard is a distinct individual. However, the style of their dies are quite similar.
Pirie lists this variety as a coin of Heardwulf.
Regardless, 'Alfheard' coins are fairly rare
Ex- Halls Hammered Coins, eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.862 Eanred (Aldates)Styca of Eanred, king of Northumbria 810-841
Moneyer: Aldates
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 862
Pirie 485
Phase II, Group B
O: +EANRED RE
R: +ALDATES
Motif: 1/1
Aldates is possibly a variation of the moneyer 'Gadutels' or even 'Badigils'. Or they may have all been separate moneyers. Aldates is not known to have coined for any other rulers.
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.861 Eanbald II (Eadwulf)Sceat of Eanbald II, archbishop of York 796-c.830
Moneyer: Eadwulf
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 861
Pirie unlisted
O: +EANBALD
R: +EODVVLF
Motif: 1a/4
Eadwulf is only known to have struck coins for Archbishop Eanbald II.
Ex- Silbury CoinsSt. George's Collection
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S.861 Eanbald II (Eadwulf)Sceat of Eanbald II, archbishop of York 796-c.830
Moneyer: Eadwulf
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 861
Pirie unlisted
O: +ANEBAD (retrograde)
R: +EAOVVLF
Motif: 1/1
A somewhat blundered coin of Eanbald II by the moneyer Eadwulf. This was the earliest coin in the Ripon Hoard of 1695, which mostly consisted of coins of Æthelred II.
Ex- Morton & Eden Auction 91 (lot 10 [part]), Archbishop John Sharp, Ripon Hoard (1695)St. George's Collection
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S.861 Eanbald II (Cynwulf)Sceat of Eanbald II, archbishop of York 796-c.830
Moneyer: Cynwulf
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 861
O: .ENDALD AER
R: +EVILVF
Ex- SpinkSt. George's Collection
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S.861 Eanbald II (Cynwulf)Sceat of Eanbald II, archbishop of York 796-c.830
Moneyer: Cynwulf
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 861
O: .ENDALD AER
R: +EVANVLF
Cynwulf struck coins for king Eanred as well.
Ex- A.G.&S. GillisSt. George's Collection
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S.861 Eanbald II (Æthelweard)Sceat of Eanbald II, archbishop of York 796-c.830
Moneyer: Æthelweard
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 861
Pirie 114
Phase Ib
O: +EANBALD
R: +EDILVEARD
Motif: 1/1
Eanbald II succeeded Eanbald I as archbishop of York. He was the first York church leader to mint coins in his own name, rather than jointly with the king. The exact length of his reign is unknown, but numismatic evidence suggest it lasted until the 820s or 830s. The moneyer Æthelweard also struck coins for Eanbald II's successor, Wigmund.
Ex- Heritage Jan 14-16 2014 (lot 3197), Eric P. NewmanSt. George's Collection
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S.872 Eadwine (Herreth)Irregular styca in the name of two moneyers- Eadwine and Herreth
Most likely struck during the time of King Eanred
Moneyer: Eadwine and Herreth
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 872
O: +EADVINI
R: +HERRD
Motif: 5d/5d
A styca combining reverses for two of Eanred's moneyers, Eadwine and Herreth. Unlike the later irregular stycas which probably originated in the chaotic times of Aethelred II and Osberht in the 850s, this coin is probably earlier since it is of good style and imitates two moneyers which were known to be active in the earlier part of the 9th century. It most likely dates toward the end of Eanred's reign, probably in the 830s.
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.847D EadberhtSceat of Eadberht, king of Northumbria 737-758
Moneyer: unkown
Mint: York (presumably)
SCBC 847D
N. 178
Booth type D
Abramson 70-120
Chapman A6
O: EOTBEREhTVſ
R: Fantastic animal facing left, triquetra below, cross under tail
Motif: 1/fantastic animal
Ex- Silbury CoinsSt. George's Collection
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S.852 Eadberht with Archbishop EcgberhtSceat of Ecgberht, archbishop of York with Eadberht, king of Northumbria, 737-758
Moneyer: unknown
Mint: York (presumably)
SCBC 852
N. 192
Abramson 74-20
O: EOTBEREhTVſ.
R: EGBERhT AR
Motif: 1/standing figure
Ex- eBay, Celeste Jones Mining, CNG Triton XIX, Andrew Wayne, DNW 79St. George's Collection
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S.847G EadberhtSceat of Eadberht, king of Northumbria 737-758
Moneyer: unknown
Mint: York (presumably)
SCBC 847G
N. 177
Booth type G
O: +EOTBEREhTVſ
R: Fantastic animal facing right, rosettes in field
Motif: 1/fantastic animal
Ex- S.HallSt. George's Collection
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S.847D EadberhtSceat of Eadberht, king of Northumbria 737-758
Moneyer: unkown
Mint: York (presumably)
SCBC 847D
N. 178
Booth type D
O: EOTBEREhTVſ.
R: Fantastic animal facing left, triquetra below, cross under tail
Motif: 1/fantastic animal
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.847E EadberhtSceat of Eadberht, king of Northumbria 737-758
Moneyer: unknown
Mint: York (presumably)
SCBC 847E
N. 177
Booth type E
Chapman A5
O: EOTBEREhTVſ.
R: Fantastic animal facing right, cross under tail, triquetra below, circle of pellets under foreleg
Motif: 1/fantastic animal
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.847B EadberhtSceat of Eadberht, king of Northumbria 737-758
Moneyer: unknown
Mint: York (presumably)
SCBC 847B
N. 178
Booth type B
Chapman D4
O: EOTBEREhTVſ.
R: Fantastic animal facing left
Motif: 1a/fantastic animal
Variety with a number of pellets below the fantastic creature
Ex- A.G.&S. GillisSt. George's Collection
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S.847F EadberhtSceat of Eadberht, king of Northumbria 737-758
Moneyer: unknown
Mint: York (presumably)
SCBC 847F
N. 177
Booth type Fxi
Abramson 70-280
Chapman I2
O: EOTBERHTVS:, mustached face in center
R: Fantastic animal facing right, triqueta below, cross under tail
Motif: face/fantastic animal
The mustached face is an interesting and quite unusual central motif, known from just a few specimens. I can trace 3 other specimens, two from the same dies as this example. The face could represent Eadberht himself, or perhaps was a pagan symbol that was kept on the nominally Christian coinage. I've heard it described as a representation of Odin/Wodan. However, the picture looks wrong for that, as most depictions of the old god show him with a beard. The face is not likely Christ, who is also typically shown bearded. However, mustaches were worn by Anglo-Saxons; following their conversion to Christianity many abandoned the long beards. A long handlebar style mustache is famously worn by Harold Godwinson on the Bayeaux Tapestry, and may have been stylish back to the 8th century.
Eadberht also issued coinage with his brother Ecgberht the Archbishop of York, which depicts a full length person holding crosses, presumably Ecgberht himself.
If the face is Eadberht's, it could represent one of the earliest depiction of a the face of a known king on English coinage, preceding the coinage of Offa by a few decades (aside from the possible 7th century coins of Eadbald of Kent).
Ex- Silbury Coins, EMC 2015.0297St. George's Collection
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S.847C EadberhtSceat of Eadberht, king of Northumbria 737-758
Moneyer: unknown
Mint: York (presumably)
SCBC 847C
N. 178
Booth type C
Abramson 70-100
Chapman B2
O: EOTBEREhTVſ.
R: Fantastic animal facing left
Motif: 3h/fantastic animal
Unusual variety, with a 3-armed cross on the obverse, with the reverse being a creature with a pellet next to its head.
Ex- Silbury CoinsSt. George's Collection
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S.847B EadberhtSceat of Eadberht, king of Northumbria 737-758
Moneyer: unknown
Mint: York (presumably)
SCBC 847B
N. 178
Booth type B
Abramson 70-50
Chapman A3
O: EOTBEREhTVſ.
R: Fantastic animal facing left
Motif: 1/fantastic animal
Die match to Beowulf 105 (not the same coin)
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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S.847B EadberhtSceat of Eadberht, king of Northumbria 737-758
Moneyer: unknown
Mint: York (presumably)
SCBC 847B
N. 178
Booth type B
Abramson 70-50
Chapman A3
O: EOTBEREhTVſ.
R: Fantastic animal facing left
Motif: 1/fantastic animal
Ex- Keith ChapmanSt. George's Collection
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S.872 Beorn?Irregular styca in the name of "Beom" or "Beorn"
Moneyer: Unknown
Mint: York (presumably)
S. 872
Pirie 1999
O: +BEOM RE
R: +COMSDR (retrograde)
Motif: 1/6
In the 19th century, this coin was thought to be a coin of an unknown king Beom, or of Beorn Ragnarson, leader of the Viking army that conquered York around 868. However, this view is no longer accepted, as the coin die links to other irregular and nonsensical pieces of the late irregular period.
Ex- Spink 21050 (lot 557), T.Abramson, C.Kilner, found Carthorpe 2012St. George's Collection
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S.846 AldfrithSceat of Aldfrith, king of Northumbria 685-705
Moneyer: unknown
Mint: York (presumably)
SCBC 846
N. 176
Abramson 69-10
O: +ALdFRIduS
R: Fantastic animal left
Ex- Charles Wood, CNGSt. George's Collection
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S.846 AldfrithSceat of Aldfrith, king of Northumbria 685-705
Moneyer: unknown
Mint: York (presumably)
SCBC 846
N. 176
Abramson 69-10
O: +ALdFRIduS
R: Fantastic animal left
Aldfrith was the first king of Northumbria to issue coins in his name, and the second English monarch to put his name on coinage (after Eadbald of Kent). His coins depict an animal of crude style, probably is supposed to be a dragon. It is different than the animals on mid 8th century Northumbrian coins of Eadberht, Alchred, Æthelred I, and Ælfwald I.
Due to this difference, for a while the coins were attributed to a king of Lindsey of the same name, who flourished in the late 8th century. However the archaeologic evidence, coin composition, and distribution of metal detecting finds argues against this idea. Most experts consider this coin struck for Northumbria's Aldfrith.
Venerable Bede speaks highly of Aldfrith as a wise ruler. For whatever reason, Northumbrian inscribed coinage would stop after Aldfrith's reign and not start again for another 50 years until Eadberht.
Ex- eBaySt. George's Collection
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