Roman Republic; and Augustus through Macrinus.
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001. Didrachm.Didrachm, ca 225-212 BC, Rome mint.
Obverse: Janiform heads.
Reverse: ROMA / Jupiter in quadriga, holding spear and hurling thunderbolt.
Victory behind him.
6.70 gm., 24 mm.
Syd. #64; Sear #31.Callimachus
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003. Denarius.Denarius, ca 211-206 BC, Rome mint.
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma, X behind.
Reverse: ROMA / The Dioscuri on galloping horses, crescent above.
4 .05 gm., 20 mm.
Syd. #314; RSC #20i; Sear #39.Callimachus
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005. Mn. Fonteius, CfDenarius, ca 85-84 BC, Auxiliary Italian mint.
Obverse: MN FONTEI CF / Bust of Vejovis with hair in loose locks; thunderbolt below; AP monogram under chin.
Reverse: Winged Cupid or Genius seated on goat; caps of the Dioscuri above; thyrsus with fillet below; all within a laurel wreath.
3.89 gm., 20 mm.
Syd. #724; RSC #Fonteia 9; Sear #271.
Vejovis was an ancient deity whose early function was forgotten. At his shrine in Rome, his statue portrayed him as a young beardless youth with a goat. By the time this coin was issued, he was identified with Pluto, the god of the underworld. He was probably a god of expiation since a goat was sacrificed to him once a year. We know from other sources that this goat sacrifice was expiatory in nature.Callimachus
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007. P. Crepusius.Denarius, 82-81 BC, Rome mint.
Obverse: Laureate bust of Apollo; sceptre and E at left; symbol under chin.
Reverse: P CREPVSI / Horseman galloping, hurling spear. Roman numeral CCCXXXXVI above.
4.07 gm., 17.5 mm.
Syd. #738a; RSC #Crepusia 1; Sear #283.
The Roman numerals on this coin series run from I to DXXIII (1 - 523). Aside from numbering the reverse dies, their significance is unknown. The symbol under Apollo's chin is said to be a shell by Stevenson (p. 295), but it could easily be a turtle or even something else.Callimachus
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009. C. Mamilius Limetanus.Denarius, 82-81 BC, Rome mint.
Obverse: Bust of Mercury wearing winged hat; caduceus and the letter I behind.
Reverse: C MAMIL LIMETAN / Ulysses, dressed like a Greek sailor, being recognized by his dog Argus upon returning to Ithaca.
4.06 gm., 19 mm.
Syd. #741; RSC #Mamilia 6; Sear #282.
The Mamilia gens claimed descent from Mamilia, the daughter of Telgonius, reputed son of Ulysses. Mercury is an ancestor of Ulysses.
The story as told in Homer's "Odyssey" is somewhat different from that portrayed on this coin. When Ulysses returned to Ithaca after twenty years, he found his dog Argus lying on a dung heap and nearly dead. Argus had only enough strength to wag his tail in recognition of his master's voice before he died. Be that as it may, this is still an elegant portrayal of this touching scene, the likes of which are rarely found on Roman coinage.
Callimachus
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011. L. Cornelius Sulla.Denarius, 82-81 BC, probably minted in Greece.
Obverse: L MANLI T(sideways) PRO Q / Helmeted head of Roma.
Reverse: L SVLLA IM / Sulla in in quadriga, holding laurel branch, and being crowned by Victory.
3.85 gm., 17.5 mm.
Syd. #759; RSC #Manlia 7; Sear #287.Callimachus
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012. C. Calpurnius Piso L.f. Frugi.Denarius (3.93 gm), ca 67-59 BC, Rome mint.
Obverse: Die O-229. Head of Apollo, in high relief, facing right;
his hair long and in ringlets, bound with taenia (fillet).
Sequence mark: IE (retrograde E), with bar above.
Reverse: Die R-2045. Horseman galloping to right; no hat; carrying palm branch.
Sequence mark below: dolphin facing right.
Legend: C PISO . L . F FRV
In Hersh’s die study of this issue, these 2 dies come together in #219.
Crawford #3/8.
Sydenham #851.
Sear #348.
The dating of the coins by this moneyer vary greatly:
67 BC: Crawford, Sear.
64 BC: BMCRR, Sydenham.
63 BC: Hersh (1976).
61 BC: Hersh & Walker (1984).
59 BC: Harlan RRM II.
Hersh, Charles A. “A Study of the Coinage of the Moneyer C. Calpurnius Piso L. F. Frugi.” The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-) 16 (136) (1976): pp. 7–63.
Callimachus
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013. M. Junius Brutus.Denarius, 54 BC, Rome mint.
Obverse: BRVTVS / Bust of L. Junius Brutus.
Reverse: AHALA / Bust of C. Servilius Ahala.
4.09 gm., 19 mm.
Syd. #907; RSC #Junia 30; Sear #398.
The moneyer of this coin is the same Brutus who killed Julius Caesar. However, this coin was minted about a decade earlier. It portrays two ancestors of Brutus:
1. L. Junius Brutus lead the Romans to expel their king L. Tarquinius Superbus. He was one of the founding fathers of the Roman Republic, and was elected one of the first consuls in 509 BC.
2. C. Cervilius Ahala. In 439 BC, during a food shortage in Rome, Spurius Maelius, the richest patrician, bought as much food as he could and sold it cheaply to the people. The Romans, always fearful of kings, thought he wanted to be king. So an emergency was declared and L. Cincinnatus was proclaimed Dictator. Maelius was ordered to appear before Cincinnatus, but refused. So Ahala, as Magister Equitam, killed him in the Forum. Ahala was tried for this act, but escaped condemnation by voluntary exile. Callimachus
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015. C. Julius Caesar.Denarius, 46-45 BC, probably minted in Gaul or Spain.
Obverse: Bust of Venus, Cupid at her shoulder.
Reverse: CAESAR / Gaulish captives sitting under a trophy.
3.83 gm., 18.5 mm.
Syd. #1014; RSC #13; Sear #1404.Callimachus
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017. Marcus Antonius.Denarius, 32-31 BC.
Obverse: ANT AVG III VIR R P C / Galley with rowers, standard at prow.
Reverse: LEG XXIII / Legionary eagle between two standards.
3.62 gm.. 17 mm.
Syd. #1246; RSC #60; Sear unlisted.
Mark Antony minted a long series of legionary coins for the use of the army and navy prior to the Battle of Actium (Sept. 2, 31 BC). The legion depicted on this coin - Legion XXIII - is one that we know nothing about.Callimachus
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019. Caesar Augustus.Denarius, 2 BC - 4 AD, Lugdunum mint.
Obverse: CAESAR AVGVSTVS DIVI F PATER PATRIAE / Laureate bust of Augustus.
Reverse: C L CAESARES AVGVSTI F COS DESIG PRINC IVVENT / Caius and Lucius, each holding spear and shield. Lituus and Simpulum above.
3.85 gm., 19 mm.
RIC #350; RSC 43c; Sear #1597.
The reverse of this coin is unusual in that the Lituus is on the left and the Simpulum is on the right. Most coins have it the other way around.Callimachus
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021. Tiberius.Denarius, ca 16 - 37 AD, Lugdunum mint.
Obverse: TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVGVSTVS / Laureate bust of Tiberius.
Reverse: PONTIF MAXIM / Livia seated, as Pax, holding branch and sceptre.
3.56 gm., 18 mm.
RIC #3; Sear #1763.
Because this is the denarius that was in circulation at the time of Jesus, this coin is often called the "Tribute Penny" -- a name which is derived from the Authorized (King James) Version of the Bible where the word denarius was translated as penny.Callimachus
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023. Caligula.Quadrans, 40 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: C CAESAR DIVI AVG PRON AVG / Liberty cap between SC
Reverse: COS TERT PON M TR P IIII P P / R C C
2.68 gm., 17 mm.
RIC #40; Sear #1804.
The letters R C C signify "remissa ducentesima," referring to the abolition of a tax by Caligula in 39 AD. It was a tax of one percent levied on all commodities sold by auction, the vectigal rerum venalium.Callimachus
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025. Claudius.Quadrans, 41 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG / Modius.
Reverse: PON M TR P IMP COS DES IT / S C
3.01 gm., 17 mm.
RIC #72.
COS DES IT - Consul Designatus Iterum: Consul-Elect for the second time, but before actually taking office.Callimachus
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027. Nero.Tetradrachm, 63-64 AD, Antioch mint.
Obverse: ΝΕΡΩΝ ΚΑΙΣΑΡ ΣΕΒΑΣΤΟΣ / Laureate bust of Nero.
Reverse: ΕΤΟΥΣ ΒΙΡ . Ι / Eagle on thunderbolt, palm branch at right.
14.25 gm., 25 mm.
Prieur #89.
Dating this coin: BIP is the Greek way of writing the numeral 112 (B = 2; I = 10; P = 100) -- which is year 112 of the Caesarean Era of Antioch ( which started numbering from the Battle of Pharsalia, Aug. 9, 48 BC). The second I (after BIP) stands for the 10'th year of Nero's reign, which by today's reckoning is 63 - 64 AD.Callimachus
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029. Galba.Denarius, 68-69 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: IMP SER GALBA CAESAR AVG / Laureate bust of Galba.
Reverse: DIVA AVGVSTA / Livia standing, holding patera and sceptre.
3.44 gm., 17 mm.
RIC #4, Sear #2102 var.
The DIVA AVGVSTA on the reverse of this coin is Livia. She was the second wife of Augustus, and the mother of Tiberius. She had a falling out with her son, and became the patroness of the young Galba. When she died, she left him a fortune in her will - certainly a reason to remember her on a coin several decades later. Callimachus
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031. Otho.Denarius, 69 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: IMP OTHO CAESAR AVG / bust of Otho.
Reverse: PONT MAX / Ceres standing, holding corn ears and cornucopiae.
3.22 gm., 18 mm.
RIC #6.Callimachus
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033. Vitellius.Denarius, July - Dec. 69 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: A VITELLIVS GERM IMP AVG TRP / Laureate bust of Vitellius.
Reverse: PONT MAXIM / Vesta seated, holding patera and sceptre.
3.42 gm., 17 mm.
RIC #20; Sear #3300.Callimachus
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035. Vespasian.Denarius, 69-71 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: IMP CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG / Laureate bust of Vespasian.
Reverse: IVDAEA / Jewish woman captive seated on ground, mourning; trophy behind her.
3.44 gm., 18 mm.
RIC #15; Sear #2296.
When the Jewish Revolt began in 66 AD, Nero appointed Vespasian supreme commander in the East to put down the uprising. In 69 AD Vespasian made his own bid for the throne and left his son Titus to finish up the Jewish War -- which he did in 70 AD by capturing Jerusalem and destroying the Temple. This victory of Vespasian and Titus was the major military event of the reign, and numerous coins were issued to commemorate it.Callimachus
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037. Vespasian.Denarius, 75 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: IMP CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG / Laureate bust of Vespasian.
Reverse: PON MAX TR P COS VI / Pax seated, holding branch.
3.34 gm., 19 mm.
RIC #90; Sear #2301.Callimachus
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039. Titus.Denarius, 75-79 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: T CAESAR IMP VESPASIANVS / Laureate bust of Titus.
Reverse: IOVIS CVSTOS / Jupiter standing, sacrificing out of patera over altar, holding sceptre.
3.35 gm., 18.5 mm.
RIC #211; Sear #2444.Callimachus
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041. Domitian.Denarius, 88 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM PM TRP VII / Laureate bust of Domitian.
Reverse: IMP XIIII COS XIIII CENS PP P / Minerva standing, holding thunderbolts and spear, shield at her feet.
3.13 gm., 18 mm.
RIC #109.Callimachus
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043. Nerva.Denarius, Oct. 97 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: IMP NERVA CAES AVG PM TR P II COS III P P / Laureate bust of Nerva.
Reverse: LIBERTAS PVBLICA / Libertas standing, holding pileus and sceptre.
2.80 gm., 18 mm.
RIC #31.Callimachus
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045. Trajan.Denarius, 103-111 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DAC PM TR P / Laureate bust of Trajan.
Reverse: COS V PP SPQR OPTIMO PRINC / Trophy of arms: two shield, one round, one oval; at base: two swords, two javelins, and two shields.
3.28 gm., 18 mm.
RIC #147.
The conquest of Dacia, the most important military enterprise of Trajan's reign, occupied two campaigns: 101 - 102 AD, and 105 - 106 AD. This coin commemorates the victories of the second of these campaigns.Callimachus
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047. Hadrian.Denarius, ca 124 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: IMP CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANVS AVG / Laureate bust of Hadrian.
Reverse: P M TR P COS III / Hadrian standing, holding rudder on globe, and a spear.
3.38 gm., 18 mm.
RIC #110; Sear #3528.Callimachus
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049. Sabina.Denarius, ca 134 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: SABINA AVGVSTA / Diademed bust of Sabina.
Reverse: IVNONI REGINAE / Juno standing, holding patera and sceptre.
3.64 gm., 18 mm.
RIC 395a; Sear #3921.Callimachus
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051. L. Aelius Verus.Denarius, 137 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: L AELIVS CAESAR / bust of Aelius.
Reverse: TR POT COS II PIETAS / Pietas standing before altar, holding box of perfumes in left hand.
3.63 gm., 17 mm.
RIC #Hadrian 439; Sear #3971.Callimachus
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053. 2'nd Jewish (bar Kokhba) Revolt.Zuz (denarius), attributed to Year 3 (134-35 AD).
Obverse: (Shim'on) / Bunch of Grapes.
Reverse: (For the Freedom of Jerusalem) / Lyre with three strings.
3.19 gm., 18.5 mm.
Mildenberg #205.19 (this coin); Hendin #734.
This coin likely started out as a denarius of one of the Roman emperors between Vespasian and Hadrian. Many coins of the Second Jewish Revolt show traces of the earlier Roman coin. This coin is no exception, and traces of the previous coin can be seen on the obverse in and around the bunch of grapes.
The bunch of grapes on the obverse is an ancient symbol of blessing and fertility. As such it occasionally appears on ancient coins of other areas besides this series. Given the messianic nature of the Bar Kokhba revolt, the bunch of grapes takes on added significance because in Jewish prophetic literature, grapes (and the vine or vineyard) are often symbolic of the restoration of Israel, or even symbolic of Israel itself.
The lyre on the reverse is associated with temple worship, as are trumpets, which are also found on coins of the Bar Kokhba Revolt. King David is mentioned as playing a lyre, and there are numerous Biblical references to praising the Lord with the lyre and trumpets. (The word "kinnor," sometimes translated as "harp," is really a type of lyre.) Even today the lyre is an important Jewish symbol and the state of Israel has chosen to portray it on the half New Israeli Sheqel coin. Callimachus
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055. Antoninus Pius.Denarius, 152-153 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P XVI / Laureate bust of Antoninus.
Reverse: COS IIII / Annona, holding corn ears, resting hand on a modius which is set on the prow of a ship.
3.02 gm., 18 mm.
RIC #221.Callimachus
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057. Faustina Senior.Denarius, after 141 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: DIVA AVG FAVSTINA / Bust of Faustina.
Reverse: PIETAS AVG / Pietas veiled, standing, dropping incense on altar, and holding a box.
3.59 gm., 18.5 mm.
RIC #394a; Sear #4598.
Faustina died early on in the reign of her husband. Most of her coinage is from the extensive memorial coinage issued in the years after her death. The portrait on this particular coin is exceptionally elegant and dignified.
Visible on the reverse (lower right edge) of this coin is an inclusion of copper that did not get melted and mixed with the silver when the planchet was made. That this coin is probably not a fouree is evidenced by the fact that it weighs a bit more than other denarii of the period. Callimachus
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059. Marcus Aurelius.Denarius, 177-178 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: M AVREL ANTONINVS AVG / Laureate bust of Aurelius.
Reverse: TR P XXXII IMP VIIII COS III P P / Mars standing, holding spear, left hand on shield.
3.31 gm., 17.5 mm.
RIC #384.Callimachus
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061. Faustina Junior.Denarius, 176-180 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: DIVA FAVSTINA PIA / Bust of Faustina.
Reverse: CONSECRATIO / Peacock.
3.48 gm., 19 mm.
RIC #74.Callimachus
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063. Lucius Verus.Denarius, Dec. 161 - Dec. 162 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: IMP L AVREL VERVS AVG / Bust of Lucius Verus.
Reverse: PROV DEOR TR P II COS II / Providentia standing, holding globe and cornucopiae.
3.24 gm., 18 mm.
RIC #482.
Providentia Deorum holding a globe and cornucopiae is intended to mark the power and wisdom of the Emperor (see Stevenson, p. 659). This emperor was not noted for these particular traits.Callimachus
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065. Lucilla.Denarius, 164-169 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: LVCILLA AVGVSTA / Bust of Lucilla.
Reverse: IVNO REGINA / Juno standing, holding patera and sceptre; peacock at her feet.
3.01 gm., 18 mm.
RIC #482; Sear #5487.Callimachus
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067. Commodus.Denarius, 175-176 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: COMMODO CAES AVG FIL GERM SARM / Bust of Commodus.
Reverse: PRINC IVVENT / Commodus standing, holding sceptre and branch. Trophy at right.
3.52 gm., 18 mm.
RIC #617; Sear #5547.
Commodus is shown on this coin as an adolescent of about 14 or 15 years of age. The trophy refers to a victory over the Sarmatians about September 175. This victory resulted in the assumption of the title Sarmaticus by both Marcus Aurelius and Commodus.Callimachus
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069. Commodus.Denarius, 189 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: M COMM ANT P FEL AVG BRIT / Laureate bust of Commodus.
Reverse: OPTIME MAXIME C V P P / Jupiter standing, holding thunderbolt and spear.
3.37 gm., 18 mm.
RIC #192; Sear #5664.
Jupiter was called optimus for his beneficence, and maximus for his power. These were also qualities Commodus attributed to himself. This coin and a similar brass coin also of Commodus, represent the only time the inscription OPTIME MAXIME appear on Roman coinage.Callimachus
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071. Crispina.Denarius, 180 -182 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: CRISPINA AVGVSTA / Bust of Crispina.
Reverse: DIS GENITALIBVS / Lighted altar.
3.49 gm., 18 mm.
RIC #281; Sear #5999.
This coin of Crispina has an unusual reverse type: an altar dedicated to the gods of childbirth. We know of no children born to Crispina and Commodus. Stevenson says of this reverse (p. 332): "It would seem that the empress had dedicated an altar to the dii genitales, either for having had children, or that she might obtain fertility from them, or that she might commend the child with which she was pregnant to their care and protection.Callimachus
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073. Clodius Albinus.Denarius, 194-195 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES / bust of Clodius Albinus.
Reverse: MINER PACIF COS II / Minerva standing, holding olive branch, spear, and shield.
3.14 gm., 17 mm.
RIC #7; Sear #6144.Callimachus
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075. Septimius Severus.Denarius, 208 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: SEVERVS PIVS AVG / Laureate bust of Severus.
Reverse: PM TR P XVI COS III P P / Salus seated, sacrificing out of a patera over altar, also holding a sceptre.
3.10 gm., 19 mm.
RIC #221
Salus is the goddess of Health, Safety, and Welfare -- appropriate for the year 208 when the Emperor and his family set off on an expedition to Britain. However, Severus never made it back from Britain -- he died at Eboracum (York) in 211.Callimachus
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077. Julia Domna.Denarius, ca 198 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: IVLIA AVGVSTA / Bust of Domna.
Reverse: MATER DEVM / Cybele, sitting on throne between two lions, holding branch and sceptre, arm resting on drum.
3.29 gm., 19 mm.
RIC #564; Sear #6593
The appearance of Cybele on the above coin shows Domna's interest in eastern religions. The various attributes of personifications and gods on the reverse of Roman coins were often associated with the person pictured on the obverse of the coin. In this case, the words MATER DEVM (Mother of the gods) applied to Domna is interesting since her sons were Caracalla and Geta.Callimachus
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079. Julia Domna.Denarius, ca 215 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG / Bust of Domna.
Reverse: VESTA / Vesta seated, holding simpulum and sceptre.
3.23 gm., 18 mm.
RIC #391; Sear #7109.
This coin of Domna was issued during the reign of her son Caracalla. The title PIA FELIX on the coins of Domna minted during her son's reign suggests that she played a definite part in the governing of the Empire.Callimachus
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081. Caracalla.Denarius, 199 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS / Laureate bust of Caracalla.
Reverse: PONT TR P II / Securitas seated by altar, propping head on right hand, holding sceptre.
3.14 gm., 19 mm.
RIC #29; Sear #6855.Callimachus
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083. Caracalla.Denarius, 199-200 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS / Laureate bust of Caracalla.
Reverse: RECTOR ORBIS / Sol standing, holding globe and spear.
3.46 gm., 18 mm.
RIC #39b; Sear #6880.
RIC calls the figure on the reverse Sol, with a footnote saying "or Caracalla as Sol?" Sear calls the figure Caracalla. Even though the physique does not look like that of an 11 year-old boy, the legend RECTOR ORBIS (Ruler of the World) was probably intended to have a double meaning here.Callimachus
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085. Caracalla.Antoninianus, 216 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG GERM / Radiate bust of Caracalla.
Reverse: PM TR P XVIIII COS IIII P P / Jupiter standing, holding thunderbolt and sceptre.
4.75 gm., 21 mm.
RIC #275b; Sear #6775.
Callimachus
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087. Caracalla.Antoninianus, 215-217 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG GERM / Radiate bust of Caracalla.
Reverse: VENVS VICTRIX / Venus standing, holding Victory and spear, leaning on a shield set on a helmet.
4.87 gm., 23.5 mm.
RIC #311c.
The reverse is unusual for an Emperor, and may refer to Caracalla's plan to solve the Parthian problem by marrying the daughter of the Parthian king (RIC Vol. IV, pt, 1, p, 88).Callimachus
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089. Plautilla.Denarius, 202-205 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: PLAVTILLA AVGVSTA / Bust of Plautilla.
Reverse: VENVS VICTRIX / Venus standing, holding apple and palm branch, resting elbow on shield; Cupid at her feet.
3.25 gm., 19.5 mm.
RIC #369; Sear #7004.Callimachus
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091. Geta.Denarius, 200-202 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: P SEPT GETA CAES PONT / Bust of Geta.
Reverse: SECVRIT IMPERII / Securitas seated, resting elbow on chair arm, holding globe.
2.03 gm., 18 mm.
RIC #20a; Sear #7200.
Callimachus
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093. Geta.Denarius, 200-202, Laodiceia ad Mare mint.
Obverse: P SEPT GETA CAES PONT / Bust of Geta.
Reverse: MINERV SANCT / Minerva standing, leaning on shield, holding spear.
3.17 gm., 19 mm.
RIC #98.
Callimachus
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095. Geta.Denarius, ca 206 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: P SEPTIMIVS GETA CAES / Bust of Geta.
Reverse: PROVID DEORVM / Providentia standing, holding wand over globe, also holding a sceptre.
3.21 gm., 19.5 mm.
RIC #51; Sear #7197.
Callimachus
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097. Geta.Denarius, 209-210, Rome mint.
Obverse: IMP CAES P SEPT GETA PIVS AVG / Laureate bust of Geta.
Reverse: VICTORIAE BRIT / Victory holding wreath and palm.
2.88 gm., 18 mm.
RSC #220a; RIC unlisted.
This coin is a mule, and as such it is a very rare coin. A mule is a coin struck from dies that are normally not used together. In this case, an earlier obverse die with an earlier legend was used with the VICTORIAE BRIT reverse. The obverse legend should read P SEPT GETA PIVS AVG BRIT and is listed that way as RIC #91. Roman Silver Coins (Seaby) lists this mule as #220a based on two offerings of apparently the same specimen in Seaby's Bulletin in 1950 and 1952, not illustrated either time. (Thanks to Curtis Clay for this information.)Callimachus
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099. Macrinus.Denarius, April - Dec. 217 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: IMP C M OPEL SEV MACRINVS AVG / Laureate bust of Macrinus.
Reverse: PONTIF MAX TR P COS P P / Fides standing, foot on helmet, holding standard in each hand.
3.45 gm., 20 mm.
RIC #22A; Sear #7345.
A case is made in RIC (vol. IV, pt. 2) for assigning coins with the older portrait (as is this coin) to the mint of Antioch, and the younger portrait to the mint of Rome. Recent scholarship, however, favors Rome as the mint for all coins of this reign.Callimachus
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101. Diadumenian.Denarius, April 217 - April 218 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: M OPEL ANT DIADVMENIAM CAES / bust of Diadumenian.
Reverse: PRINC IVVENTVTIS / Diadumenian standing, holding standard and sceptre. Two more standards at right.
3.23 gm., 19 mm.
RIC #102; Sear #7449.
Callimachus
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