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Japan. Shogunate.Hartill 4.139, Jones (1984) 75, Jones (2007) 224, KM C 1.1 var.
1 mon (cast copper alloy), from 1728 (Kyoho 13), Ishinomaki, Sendai mint, 24 mm. This variety is known as isho choutsu (different writing, high tsu).
Obv: Kanei tsuho.
Rev: Blank.
Kanei Tsuho coins were first cast in small quantities in 1626 in Mito, but in 1636, the Tokugawa government ordered that large quantities be cast, and distributed model coins to private subcontractors in locations throughout Japan. By the 1650’s 16 different locations were casting these coins. When the Kanei era ended in 1643 the legend was kept in use until the 1860’s. All of the Kanei coins cast before 1668 are known as “old Kanei” and those cast from 1668 are now known as “new Kanei.” They are distinguished by the legs of the Ho character. This coin is a new Kanei. In the early 1700’s copper mines began to be exhausted in Japan and it gradually became too expensive to manufacture copper coins. In response, the government authorized the casting of iron coins in 1739. Copper alloy coins continued to be made but were frequently of less weight and lower quality, and from 1768 were mainly minted in a higher denomination.
Attribution assistance courtesy of Eric Crawford and Diego M. SantosStkp
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Japan. Shogunate.Hartill 4.253, Jones (1984) 205, Jones (2007) 295, KM C 4.2 var.
4 mon (cast copper alloy), from 1769 (Meiwa 11), Edo Fukagawa mint, 28 mm. This variety is known as fuei (looking down ei) because the second stroke of the ei character is slightly slanted down. There are subvarieities of fuei.
Obv: Kanei tsuho.
Rev: Eleven waves.
Kanei Tsuho coins were first cast in small quantities in 1626 in Mito, but in 1636, the Tokugawa government ordered that large quantities be cast, and distributed model coins to private subcontractors in locations throughout Japan. By the 1650’s 16 different locations were casting these coins. When the Kanei era ended in 1643 the legend was kept in use until the 1860’s. In the early 1700’s copper mines began to be exhausted in Japan and it gradually became too expensive to manufacture copper coins. In response, the government authorized the casting of iron coins in 1739. Copper alloy coins continued to be made but were frequently of less weight and lower quality. The Tokugawa government first commissioned a Kanei Tsuho coin valued at 4 mon in 1768. The first version was made at the Fukagawa mint in Edo and had a design of 21 waves on the reverse. In 1769 the design changed to have only 11 waves and all subsequent versions used the 11 wave design. It was not much larger than a 1 mon coin so it was cost effective to produce.
Attribution assistance courtesy of Eric Crawford and Diego M. SantosStkp
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Japan. Shogunate.Hartill 4.102, Jones (1984) 11, Jones (2007) 202, KM C 1.2 var.
1 mon (cast copper alloy), first cast 1668 (Kwanbun 8) and continued until 1681-1683, Edo Kamedo mint, 25 mm. Kanei with the character bun on the reverse are known as bun-sen. There are seven recognized obverse varieties. This coin is a Saiji-Hai-Bun (= characters thinly written; although the name is somewhat deceptive as the characters are not written any thinner than in other varieties).
Obv: Kanei tsuho.
Rev: Bun.
Kanei Tsuho coins were first cast in 1626. Although Kanei era ended in 1643, the legend was kept in use until the 1860’s. The Kanei coins cast starting in 1668 (which are distinguished from the earlier emissions by the legs of the Ho character) are known as Shin-Kanei-Tsuho (=new Kanei). There are around 300 recognized varieties.
Bun-sen were made from fragments of the Daibutsu statue of Buddha that was erected by Toyotomi Hideyori before 1614 and was destroyed in an earthquake in 1662. The character Bun on the reverse is the same character as in Kwanbun, and was evidently intended to signify the period in which it was made.Stkp
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Japan. Shogunate.Hartill 4.197, Jones (1984) 171, Jones (2007) 270, KM C 1.8
1 mon (cast copper alloy), first cast 1741 (Genbun 5), Takatsu mint, Osaka (Settsu Province), 22.5 mm. There are multiple varieties, with a total mintage of 200,000 strings (20,000,000 cast each year).
Obv: Kanei tsuho.
Rev: Gen.
Hartill rarity C
Kanei gen character on the reverse refers to the Genbun era (April 1736 through February 1741), in which the order to mint these cash was first given. Stkp
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Japan. Shogunate.Hartill 4.100, Jones (1984) 4, Jones (2007) 200, KM C 1.2 var.
1 mon (cast copper alloy), first cast 1668 (Kwanbun 8) and continued until 1681-1683, Edo Kamedo mint (Musashi Province), 25 mm. There are multiple varieties, with a total mintage of 1,970,000 coins.
Obv: Kanei tsuho.
Rev: Bun.
Hartill rarity VC
Kanei with the character bun on the reverse are known as bun-sen. Bun-sen were made from fragments of the Daibutsu statue of Buddha that was erected by Toyotomi Hideyori before 1614 and was destroyed in an earthquake in 1662. The character Bun on the reverse is the same character as in Kwanbun, and was evidently intended to signify the period in which it was made.Stkp
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Japan. Shogunate.Hartill 4.144, Jones (1984) 91, Jones (2007) 230, KM C 1.1a var.
1 mon (cast copper alloy), 1736-1739 (Genbun 1-4), Jumantsubo mint, Edo Fukagawa (Musashi Province), 23 mm. There are multiple varieties (some cast in iron), with a total mintage of 150,000 strings (15,000,000 cast each year).
Obv: Kanei tsuho.
Rev: blank.
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Shogunate.Hartill 4.108, Jones (1984) 28, Jones (2007) 206, KM C 1.1 var.
1 mon (cast copper alloy), 1700-1707, Shichijo mint, Kyoto (Yamashiro Province), 23 mm.
Obv: Kanei tsuho.
Rev: blank.
Hartill rarity VC
This series is known as Hagiwara-sen, after the nobleman who designed the calligraphy. Stkp
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Japan. Shogunate.Hartill 4.113, Jones (1984) 33-34, Jones (2007) 208-209, KM C 1.1 var.
1 mon (cast copper alloy), 1708-1712, formerly attributed to Edo Kamedo mint (Musashi Province), 22 mm.
Obv: Kanei tsuho.
Rev: blank.
Hartill rarity VC
This series is known as Yottsu ho sen (the Four Treasures Sen). Stkp
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Japan. Shogunate. Hartill 4.252, Jones (1984) 201, Jones (2007) 293, KM C 4.2
4 mon (cast copper alloy), from 1769 (Meiwa 11), Edo Fukagawa mint (Musasahi Province), 28 mm. Made from a brassy alloy (Meiwa-sen).
Obv: Kanei tsuho.
Rev: Eleven waves.
Hartill rarity VC.
The Tokugawa government first commissioned a Kanei Tsuho coin valued at 4 mon in 1768. The first version was made at the Fukagawa mint in Edo and had a design of 21 waves on the reverse. In 1769 the design changed to have only 11 waves and all subsequent versions used the 11 wave design. It was not much larger than a 1 mon coin so it was cost effective to produce.Stkp
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Japan. Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Ishinomaki-sen.Hartill 4.138-40 var; Jones (2007) 222 & 224 var; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 250761
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast from 1728-1732 (Kyoho 13-17) at the Ishinomaki Sendai mint (Mutsu Province); 3.57 g., 24.55 mm. max.
Obv: Kanei tsuho
Rev: Blank
Hartill rarity VC
A long thin 貝 kai component of 寶 ho is characteristic. There are eight varieties, but Hartill shows just three and Jones shows just two. Variety to be determined.Stkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate.Hartill 5.7, Jones (2007) 324, KM C 7.
100 mon/Tempo Tsuho (cast copper alloy), minted from the 6th year of the Tempo Period, in 1835, through the end of the Shogunate, in 1869. All mother coins were cast at the Edo/Tokyo mint. The mints at which actual coins were cast are indicated by the shirushi/counterstamp on the edges, at three o'clock and nine o'clock. This coin was minted at the Dewa mint in the Akita Prefecture starting in the eighth year of the Tempo Period, in 1837 (per Heinz Gratzer & Vladimir Balyaev), although those with broad interior rims such as this were first minted in 1846 per Hartill. 49.06 mm. x 32.55 mm., 0°.
Obv: Tem Po Tsu Ho [coinage of the Tempo Era].
Rev: To Hyaku [value 100] above hole; signature/kao [variously stated to be that of Goto Shozaburo, the first mint master of the Tokugawa Shogunate, who was appointed in 1601 and whose. descendants were entrusted with oversight of the shogunate’s mints until 1869; or of mintmaster Hashimoto Mitsuji] below hole.
Rim: broad (=Ko kaku/Hirokaku)
Edge: Akitahan-sen shirushi/counterstamp at nine o'clock and three o'clock [the depiction imposed on the is photo is taken from Gratzer/Balyaev at charm.ru/coins/jp/Tenpo Tsuho.htm)
The coin was officially valued at 100 mon. At the inception of the coinage, each coin weighed 21.75 grams and was comprised of an alloy that was 78% copper, 12% lead, and 10% tin. This deteriorated with time. The specie value of coins issued at the end of the shogunate was only 80 mon.
Hartill rarity C.Stkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Bunkyu Eiho (Gyoku Ho aka Ryaku Ho = Abbreviated Ho).Hartill 5.20 var.; Jones (2007) 351; KM C 6b; Zeno # 331943
4 mon (cast copper alloy; made from old 1 mon coins); cast from March 1863 (Bunkyu 3) to 1868 at the Asakusa mint (near Edo) and Kosuge mint; written by Matsudaira Yoshinga, one of the Four Wise Lords of the period; 3.74 g., 26.96 mm., 0°
Obv.: 文久永寶 Bun Kyu Ei Ho (=Eternal Treasure of the Bunkyu Era); cursive script, the bottom components of ho 寶 are simplified 宝, medium rim around hole
Rev.: Eleven nami/waves
Hartill rarity VC; In total, 891,515,631 bunkyu Eiho of all varieties were cast.Stkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Bunkyu Eiho (So Bun = Cursive script).Hartill 5.17; Jones (2007) 355; KM C 6a; Zeno # 332046
4 mon (cast copper alloy; made from old 1 mon coins); cast from March 1863 (Bunkyu 3) to 1868 at the Asakusa mint (near Edo) and Kosuge mint; written by Court Councillor Itakura Katsuyoshi; 3.86 g., 26.87 mm., 0°
Obv.: 文久永寶 Bun Kyu Ei Ho (=Eternal Treasure of the Bunkyu Era); cursive script, wide rim around hole
Rev.: Eleven nami/waves
Hartill rarity VC; In total, 891,515,631 bunkyu Eiho of all varieties were cast.Stkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Ko-Kanei Tsuho (old Kanei Tsuho). Kutsugaya-senHartill 4.31 var; Jones (2007) 167 var; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 252677
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast from 1656 (from Meireki 2) at Kutsukaya/Kutsugaya mint (Suruga Province); 3.19 g., 24.57 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: Blank
Jones lists two varieties of Katsugaya-sen (large and small characters) but Hartill lists just one (large characters). There are others.
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Ko-Kanei Tsuho (old Kanei Tsuho). Torigoe-senHartill 4.32 var; Jones (2007) 169 var; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 252612
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast from 1656 (from Meireki 2) at the Torigoe Edo mint (Musashi Province); 3.36 g., 24.36 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: Blank
There are at least six varieties of Torigoe-sen, but Hartill and Jones list just one. Very narrow head of 通 tsu, right leg of 寶 ho touches the corner of the hole.
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho), Fujisawa-senHartill 4.181 var; Jones (2007) 255 var; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 255905
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast from 1739 (Genbun 4) at the Fujisawa-mura Ashigara-gun mint (Sagami Province); 2.23 g., 22.76 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho.
Rev: Blank
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho), Genbun-sen/TaijiHartill 4.165-6 var., esp 4.165; Jones (2007) 241-2 var; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 250805
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast 1737-1739 (Genbun 2-4) at Kameido-mura Edo mint (Musashi Province); 2.45 g., 23.64 mm. max.
Obv: Kanei tsuho (tiger tail kan; cursive dot on ei; square head and pointed tsu radical; hooked feet on ho; large characters).
Rev: Blank.
This series is known as Genbun-sen after the nengo (era name) in which it was cast. There are three varieties, but Hartill and Jones show just two. The characteristics are a tiger tail 寛 kan, pointed 通 tsu radical and hooked feet on 寶 ho. This is the variety with larger characters and just the left foot hooked, called taiji.
Hartill rarity VC
Stkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho), Ishinomaki-sen.Hartill 4.138-40 var; Jones (2007) 222 & 224 var; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 252929
1 mon (cast copper alloy, non-magnetic), cast from 1728-1732 (Kyoho 13-17) at the Ishinomaki Sendai mint (Mutsu Province); 3.35 g., 24.32 mm. max.
Obv: Kanei tsuho.
Rev: Blank
A long thin 貝 kai component of 寶 ho is characteristic. There are eight varieties, but Hartill shows just three and Jones shows just two. This is the variety with the crown of 寛 kan shifted to the left.
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho), Koume-teHartill 4.157-159 var. esp 4.159; Jones (2007) 237; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 253035
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast from 1737-1742 (Genbun 2 - Kanpo 2) at the Koume-mura mint, Edo/Tokyo (Musashi Province) per Hartill and Jones, but from an unknown mint in the style of Kuome-sen per Zeno; 2.06 g., 21.84 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho.
Rev: Blank
Apart from the 小 mint name on the reverse, the characteristic of true Kuome-sen is the three dot 寶 ho. Hartill lists three AE varieties without the mint name on the reverse, and Jones lists two. According to Zeno, those without the reverse mark are from an uncertain mint, in the style of Kuome-sen. This variety is called Gyo Kan. Three dot 寶 ho, the crown of which leans left; head of 永ei curved, knotted 通 tsu radical.
Hartill rarity CStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho), Koume-teHartill 4.157-159 var esp 4.157; Jones (2007) 237 var; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 255863
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast from 1737-1742 (Genbun 2 - Kanpo 2) at the Koume-mura mint, Edo/Tokyo (Musashi Province) per Hartill and Jones, but from an unknown mint in the style of Kuome-sen per Zeno; 2.69 g., 23.08 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho.
Rev: Blank
Apart from the 小 mint name on the reverse, the characteristic of true Kuome-sen is the three dot 寶 ho. Hartill lists three AE varieties without the mint name on the reverse, and Jones lists two. According to Zeno, those without the reverse mark are from an uncertain mint, in the style of Kuome-sen. This variety has a three dot 寶 ho, the crown of which leans left; head of 永ei slopes down, pointed 通 tsu radical.
Hartill rarity CStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Akita-senHartill 4.167-8 var. esp. 4.167; Jones (2007) 243; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 252731
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast 1738-1750 (Genbun 3 - Kanen 3) at the Kawajiri-mura, Akita mint (Dewa Province); called Akita-sen/Taiji; 2.91 g., 23.51 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: Blank
Hartill and Jones list two varieties of Akita-sen, although there are apparently at least five. This is the variety Akita-sen are distinguished by the hooked feet of 寶 ho. This variety has larger characters and a 通 tsu with a knotted radical.
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Ashio-senHartill 4.201-2 var. esp 4.202; Jones (2007) 273-4 var. esp 204; KM C 1.9 var; Zeno # 251629
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast from 1741-1745 (Kanpo 1-5) at the Ashio-dozan copper mines in Asogori County (Shimotsuke Province); 2.07 g., 22.21 mm. max., 0°
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: 足 Ashi
There are five varieties of Ashio-sen, but Hartill and Jones only list two. Hartill states that these coins are characterized by (in addition to the 足 ashi on the reverse) an 永 ei in approximately nisui style and a cursive tsu radical on the 通 ho, two varieties do not have the ei styled in nisui. Another characteristic of the series is the tiger-tail 寛 kan. This variety is called 小字背足 Shoji Hai Ashi (small character Ashi on reverse). It is a smaller coin characterized by small characters, the ei is not in approximately nisui style, and the left arm/leg component of ei does not lean to the right. Also, the left leg of kan is detached from the ken component.
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Ashio-senHartill 4.201-2 var; Jones (2007) 273-4 var; KM C 1.9 var; Zeno # 252289
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast from 1741-1745 (Kanpo 1-5) at the Ashio-dozan copper mines in Asogori County (Shimotsuke Province); 2.31 g., 22.31 mm. max., 0°
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: 足 Ashi
There are five varieties of Ashio-sen, but Hartill and Jones only list two. Hartill states that these coins are characterized by (in addition to the 足 ashi on the reverse) an 永 ei in approximately nisui style and a cursive tsu radical on the 通 ho, two varieties do not have the ei styled in nisui. Another characteristic of the series is the tiger-tail 寛 kan. This variety is called 大字含二水永 Daiji Gannisui Ei. It is a smaller coin, characterized by large characters, the 永 ei is in approximately nisui style, and its left arm/leg component leans to the right. It is not in Hartill.
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Ashio-senHartill 4.201-2 var. esp 4.201; Jones (2007) 273-4 var. esp. 273; KM C 1.9 var; Zeno # 252366
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast from 1741-1745 (Kanpo 1-5) at the Ashio-dozan copper mines in Asogori County (Shimotsuke Province); 2.68 g., 23.30 mm. max., 0°
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: 足 Ashi
There are five varieties of Ashio-sen, but Hartill and Jones only list two. Hartill states that these coins are characterized by (in addition to the 足 ashi on the reverse) an æ°¸ ei in approximately nisui style and a cursive tsu radical on the 通 ho, two varieties do not have the ei styled in nisui. Another characteristic of the series is the tiger-tail 寛 kan. This variety is called 大å—背足 Taiji Hai Ashi (large character Ashi on reverse). It is a larger coin characterized by slightly larger rims, large characters, the ei is in approximately nisui style, and the left arm/leg component of ei leans to the right.
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Fukyu-te: Fujisawa-sen Hartill 4.131; Jones (2007) --; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 254826
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast 1736-1740 (Genbun 1–5), Fujisawa-mura (Sagami Province); 2.57 g., 23.59 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: Blank
Seven mints cast coins in Fukyu-te (Fukyu script, or “in the manner of Fukyu”), which are named after a Nagasaki merchant who studied the series. The distinguishing characteristics are a prominent protruding 爪 tsume/claw at the bottom left of the 貝 kai component of 寶 ho, and a closed マ ma/head on 通 tsu. The head of the 永 ei is also drooping. On the Zeno website, the coins in the series are organized as “The five mints of Kanei Tsuho with the character EI inclined to the left,” although in many cases this inclination does not appear to be present.
There is only one known variety of Fukyu-te from the Fujisawa mint. Hartill notes that specialist works list many varieties of Fukyu-te (without reference to the number specifically from this mint). Hartill notes that the varieties of Fukyu-te are difficult to tell apart. This is an understatement. The coins cast by the different mints can often be distinguished principally by size and weight. The single variety variety from the Fujisawa has a distinctively styled マ ma/head on 通 tsu, the right leg of 寶 ho is longer than the left and the 永ei isnot centered.
Hartill rarity CStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Fukyu-te: Fushimite-senHartill 4.129-30 var.; Jones (2007) 219 var; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 254710
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast 1736-1740 (Genbun 1-5), uncertain mint; 2.56 g., 23.51 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: Blank
Seven mints cast coins in Fukyu-te (Fukyu script, or “in the manner of Fukyu”), which are named after a Nagasaki merchant who studied the series. The distinguishing characteristics are a prominent protruding 爪 tsume/claw at the bottom left of the 貝 kai component of 寶 ho, and a closed マ ma/head on 通 tsu. The head of the 永 ei is also drooping. On the Zeno website, the coins in the series are orgamized as “The five mints of Kanei Tsuho with the character EI inclined to the left,” although in many cases this inclination does not appear to be present.
Hartill notes that specialist works list many varieties of Fukyu-te (without reference to the number specifically from each mint) and that the varieties are difficult to tell apart. This is an understatement. The coins cast by the different mints can often be distinguished principally by size and weight, with those cast at the Fushimi mint having a diameter of 23.0-24.0 mm. and a weight of 1.9-2.8 g. By weight, this coin appears to be a Fushimi-sen, however on all coins cast at that mint the two inner horizontal strokes in the 目 me portion of the 見 ken component of 寛 kan are slight, whereas they are prominent on this coin. The coin is a Fushimite-sen (in the style of Fishimi-te). None are listed in Hartill or Jones. On this coin the ken component of kan has a prominent vertical stroke and the 永 ei is centered and lacks a distinctive hook on its right arm.Stkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Fukyu-te: Jumantsubo-senHartill 4.126-6a var. esp 4.126; Jones (2007) 218; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 252014
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast 1726-1732 (Kyoho 11-17), Jumantsubo, Fukagawa-Edo (Musashi Province); 2.72 g., 24.15 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: Blank
Seven mints cast coins in Fukyu-te (Fukyu script, or “in the manner of Fukyu”), which are named after a Nagasaki merchant who studied the series. The distinguishing characteristics are a prominent protruding 爪 tsume/claw at the bottom left of the 貝 kai component of 寶 ho, and a closed マ ma/head on 通 tsu. The head of the 永 ei is also drooping. On the Zeno website, the coins in the series are orgamized as “The five mints of Kanei Tsuho with the character EI inclined to the left,” although in many cases this inclination does not appear to be present.
Hartill lists just two varieties of Fukyu-te from the Jumantsubo mint, and Jones lists one. Hartill notes that specialist works list many varieties of Fukyu-te (without reference to the number specifically from this mint). The paper, Guide for Identification of Cash Coin Kanei Tsuho with the Character EI Inclined to the Left, identifies three varieties. Hartill notes that the varieties of Fukyu-te are difficult to tell apart. This is an understatement. The coins cast by the different mints can often be distinguished principally by size and weight, with those cast at Jumantsubo having a diameter of about 24.0 mm. and a weight of about 2.8 g. On almost all those cast at Jumantsubo, the legs of 寶 ho are lower than the central hole.
This coin is the variety in which the legs of 寛 kan are high, the 永 ei is centered (退永 Taiei) but without a distinct hook of the right arm, and the crowns of kan and 寶 ho slant down at the left.
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Fukyu-te: Jumantsubo-senHartill 4.126-6a var. esp. 4.126a; Jones (2007) 218 var; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 252017
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast 1726-1732 (Kyoho 11-17), Jumantsubo, Fukagawa-Edo (Musashi Province); 2.58 g., 24.10 mm. max.
Seven mints cast coins in Fukyu-te (Fukyu script, or “in the manner of Fukyu”), which are named after a Nagasaki merchant who studied the series. The distinguishing characteristics are a prominent protruding 爪 tsume/claw at the bottom left of the 貝 kai component of 寶 ho, and a closed マ ma/head on 通 tsu. The head of the 永 ei is also drooping. On the Zeno website, the coins in the series are orgamized as “The five mints of Kanei Tsuho with the character EI inclined to the left,” although in many cases this inclination does not appear to be present.
Hartill lists just two varieties of Fukyu-te from the Junantsubo mint, and Jones lists one. Hartill notes that specialist works list many varieties of Fukyu-te (without reference to the number specifically from this mint). The paper, Guide for Identification of Cash Coin Kanei Tsuho with the Character EI Inclined to the Left, identifies three varieties. Hartill notes that the varieties of Fukyu-te are difficult to tell apart. This is an understatement. The coins cast by the different mints can often be distinguished principally by size and weight, with those cast at Jumantsubo having a diameter of about 24.0 mm. and a weight of about 2.8 g. On almost all those cast at Jumantsubo, the legs of 寶 ho are lower than the central hole.
This variety is called 小目寶 Shomokuho (roughly small me component on ho), in which the legs of 寛 kan are high (高寛 Kokan), the 永 ei is centered (退永 Taiei) with a distinct hook of the right arm; the 目 me component of 寶 ho is small and the feet of ho are even with the central hole.
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Fukyu-te: Jumantsubo-senHartill 4.126-6a var; Jones (2007) 218 var; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 254355
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast 1726-1732 (Kyoho 11-17), Jumantsubo, Fukagawa-Edo (Musashi Province); 2.92 g., 24.22 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: Blank
Seven mints cast coins in Fukyu-te (Fukyu script, or “in the manner of Fukyu”), which are named after a Nagasaki merchant who studied the series. The distinguishing characteristics are a prominent protruding 爪 tsume/claw at the bottom left of the 貝 kai component of 寶 ho, and a closed マ ma/head on 通 tsu. The head of the 永 ei is also drooping. On the Zeno website, the coins in the series are orgamized as “The five mints of Kanei Tsuho with the character EI inclined to the left,” although in many cases this inclination does not appear to be present.
Hartill lists just two varieties of Fukyu-te from the Junantsubo mint, and Jones lists one. Hartill notes that specialist works list many varieties of Fukyu-te (without reference to the number specifically from this mint). The paper, Guide for Identification of Cash Coin Kanei Tsuho with the Character EI Inclined to the Left, identifies three varieties. Hartill notes that the varieties of Fukyu-te are difficult to tell apart. This is an understatement. The coins cast by the different mints can often be distinguished principally by size and weight, with those cast at Jumantsubo having a diameter of about 24.0 mm. and a weight of about 2.8 g. On almost all those cast at Jumantsubo, the legs of 寶 ho are lower than the central hole.
This coin is the variety in which the legs of 寛 kan are high (高寛 Kokan) and the 見 ken component has a prominent vertical stroke, and the 永 ei is centered (退永 Taiei) with a distinct hook of the right arm.
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Fukyu-te: Kiyomizu-senHartill 4.125-31 var; Jones (2007) --; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno #252029
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast 1736-1745 (Genbun 1 – Enkyo 2), Kiyomizu-dera/temple mint (Yamashiro Province); 2.77 g., 22.29 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: Blank
Seven mints cast coins in Fukyu-te (Fukyu script, or “in the manner of Fukyu”), which are named after a Nagasaki merchant who studied the series. The distinguishing characteristics are a prominent protruding 爪 tsume/claw at the bottom left of the 貝 kai component of 寶 ho, and a closed マ ma/head on 通 tsu. The head of the 永 ei is also drooping. On the Zeno website, the coins in the series are organized as “The five mints of Kanei Tsuho with the character EI inclined to the left,” although in many cases this inclination does not appear to be present.
Hartill and Jones list no varieties of Fukyu-te from the Kiyomizu-dera mint. Hartill notes that specialist works list many varieties of Fukyu-te (without reference to the number specifically from this mint). The paper, Guide for Identification of Cash Coin Kanei Tsuho with the Character EI Inclined to the Left, also lists no varieties from this mint. Hartill notes that the varieties of Fukyu-te are difficult to tell apart. This is an understatement. The coins cast by the different mints can often be distinguished principally by size and weight, with those cast at Kiyomizu-dera being the smallest.
This coin is the variety called 退永 Taiei, in which the 永 ei is off-center, shifted slightly to the right (but looks centered).Stkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Fukyu-te: Shichijo-sen Hartill 4.125 var; Jones (2007) 217 var; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 254824
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast from 1726 (from Kyoho 11), Shichijo, Kyoto (Yamashiro Province); 2.84 g., 24.68 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: Blank
Seven mints cast coins in Fukyu-te (Fukyu script, or “in the manner of Fukyu”), which are named after a Nagasaki merchant who studied the series. The distinguishing characteristics are a prominent protruding 爪 tsume/claw at the bottom left of the 貝 kai component of 寶 ho, and a closed マ ma/head on 通 tsu. The head of the 永 ei is also drooping. On the Zeno website, the coins in the series are organized as “The five mints of Kanei Tsuho with the character EI inclined to the left,” although in many cases this inclination does not appear to be present.
Hartill and Jones each list just one variety of Fukyu-te from the Shichijo mint. Hartill notes that specialist works list many varieties of Fukyu-te (without reference to the number specifically from this mint). The paper, Guide for Identification of Cash Coin Kanei Tsuho with the Character EI Inclined to the Left, identifies three varieties. Hartill notes that the varieties of Fukyu-te are difficult to tell apart. This is an understatement. The coins cast by the different mints can often be distinguished principally by size and weight, with those cast at Shichijo having a diameter of about 24.6 mm and a weight of about 2.7 g.
This coin is a variant of the variety called 進永 Shinei. The 目 me component of 寛 kan is narrow and the 永 ei is off-center.
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Fukyu-te: Shichijo-senHartill 4.125 var; Jones (2007) 217 var; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 254825
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast from 1726 (from Kyoho 11), Shichijo, Kyoto (Yamashiro Province); 3.86 g., 24.63 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: Blank
Seven mints cast coins in Fukyu-te (Fukyu script, or “in the manner of Fukyu”), which are named after a Nagasaki merchant who studied the series. The distinguishing characteristics are a prominent protruding 爪 tsume/claw at the bottom left of the 貝 kai component of 寶 ho, and a closed マ ma/head on 通 tsu. The head of the 永 ei is also drooping. On the Zeno website, the coins in the series are organized as “The five mints of Kanei Tsuho with the character EI inclined to the left,” although in many cases this inclination does not appear to be present.
Hartill and Jones each list just one variety of Fukyu-te from the Shichijo mint. Hartill notes that specialist works list many varieties of Fukyu-te (without reference to the number specifically from this mint). The paper, Guide for Identification of Cash Coin Kanei Tsuho with the Character EI Inclined to the Left, identifies three varieties. Hartill notes that the varieties of Fukyu-te are difficult to tell apart. This is an understatement. The coins cast by the different mints can often be distinguished principally by size and weight, with those cast at Shichijo having a diameter of about 24.6 mm and a weight of about 2.7 g. (this coin is considerably heavy for the mint).
This coin is a variant of the variety called 正永 Seiei (roughly, regular ei). The 目 me component of 寛 kan is wide and the 永 ei is not centered.
Hartill rarity VC
Stkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Fukyu-te: Shichijo-sen Seven mints cast coins in Fukyu-te (Fukyu script, or “in the manner of Fukyu”), which are named after a Nagasaki merchant who studied the series. The distinguishing characteristics are a prominent protruding 爪 tsume/claw at the bottom left of the 貝 kai component of 寶 ho, and a closed マ ma/head on 通 tsu. The head of the 永 ei is also drooping. On the Zeno website, the coins in the series are organized as “The five mints of Kanei Tsuho with the character EI inclined to the left,” although in many cases this inclination does not appear to be present.
Hartill and Jones each list just one variety of Fukyu-te from the Shichijo mint. Hartill notes that specialist works list many varieties of Fukyu-te (without reference to the number specifically from this mint). The paper, Guide for Identification of Cash Coin Kanei Tsuho with the Character EI Inclined to the Left, identifies three varieties. Hartill notes that the varieties of Fukyu-te are difficult to tell apart. This is an understatement. The coins cast by the different mints can often be distinguished principally by size and weight, with those cast at Shichijo having a diameter of about 24.6 mm and a weight of about 2.7 g.
This coin is a variant of the variety called 正永 Seiei (roughly, regular ei). The 目 me component of 寛 kan is wide and the 永 ei is centered.
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Fukyu-te: Yokooji-senHartill 4.127-8 var. esp. 4.127; Jones (2007) --; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno #252016
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast 1736-1745 (Genbun 1 – Enkyo 2), Toba Yokooji-mura mint (Yamashiro Province); 3.17 g., 23.86 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: Blank
Seven mints cast coins in Fukyu-te (Fukyu script, or “in the manner of Fukyu”), which are named after a Nagasaki merchant who studied the series. The distinguishing characteristics are a prominent protruding 爪 tsume/claw at the bottom left of the 貝 kai component of 寶 ho, and a closed マ ma/head on 通 tsu. The head of the 永 ei is also drooping. On the Zeno website, the coins in the series are organized as “The five mints of Kanei Tsuho with the character EI inclined to the left,” although in many cases this inclination does not appear to be present.
Hartill lists just two varieties of Fukyu-te from the Yakooji mint, and Jones lists none. Hartill notes that specialist works list many varieties of Fukyu-te (without reference to the number specifically from this mint). The paper, Guide for Identification of Cash Coin Kanei Tsuho with the Character EI Inclined to the Left, identifies five varieties. Hartill notes that the varieties of Fukyu-te are difficult to tell apart. This is an understatement. The coins cast by the different mints can often be distinguished principally by size and weight, with those cast at Yakooji having a diameter always less than 24.0 mm. and a weight of about 3.0 g.
This coin is the variety called 進永 Shinei, in which the 永 ei is not centered.
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Fukyu-te: Yokooji-senHartill 4.127-8 var; Jones (2007) --; KM C 1.1; Zeno # 252050
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast 1736-1745 (Genbun 1 – Enkyo 2), attributed to Toba Yokooji-mura mint (Yamashiro Province); 2.95 g., 23.89 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: Blank
Seven mints cast coins in Fukyu-te (Fukyu script, or “in the manner of Fukyu”), which are named after a Nagasaki merchant who studied the series. The distinguishing characteristics are a prominent protruding 爪 tsume/claw at the bottom left of the 貝 kai component of 寶 ho, and a closed マ ma/head on 通 tsu. The head of the 永 ei is also drooping. On the Zeno website, the coins in the series are organized as “The five mints of Kanei Tsuho with the character EI inclined to the left,” although in many cases this inclination does not appear to be present. On this coin, the inclination actually appears to be toward the right.
Hartill lists just two varieties of Fukyu-te from the Yakooji mint, and Jones lists none. Hartill notes that specialist works list many varieties of Fukyu-te (without reference to the number specifically from this mint). The paper, Guide for Identification of Cash Coin Kanei Tsuho with the Character EI Inclined to the Left, identifies five varieties. Hartill notes that the varieties of Fukyu-te are difficult to tell apart. This is an understatement. The coins cast by the different mints can often be distinguished principally by size and weight, with those cast at Yakooji having a diameter always less than 24.0 mm. and a weight of about 3.0 g.
This coin is called (退永 Taiei), in which the 永 ei is centered. The hook on the right arm of 永 is distinct.Stkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Genbun-sen/TaijiHartill 4.165-6 var., esp. 4.165 var; Jones (2007) 241-2 var.; KM C 1.1 var.; Zeno # 252546
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast 1737-1739 (Genbun 2-4) at Kameido-mura Edo mint (Musashi Province); 2.84 g., 23.79 mm. max.
Obv: Kanei tsuho
Rev: Blank
This series is known as Genbun-sen after the nengo (era name) in which it was cast. There are three varieties, but Hartill and Jones show just two. The characteristics are a tiger tail 寛 kan, pointed 通 tsu radical and hooked feet on 寶 ho. This is the variety with larger characters and just the left foot hooked, called taiji. Apparently due to a casting flaw, the hook and left leg of 永 ei curve downward at the tips, and the left foot of ho also curves downward at the tip after first hooking upward.
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Hagiwara-senHartill 4.106-8, esp. 4.108; Jones (2007) 205-6 var; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 250771
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast 1700-1707 (Genroku 13 - Hoei 4), at Shichijo Kyoto mint (Yamashiro Province); 2.90 g., 23.48 mm. max.
Obv: Kanei tsuho
Rev: Blank
This series is known as Hagiwara-sen, after the nobleman who designed the calligraphy.
The characteristic is the cursive 通 tsu radical. This is the variety in which the cursive dot of 永 ei touches the head of the middle stroke.
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Hirano Shinden-sen/Jumantsubo-teHartill 4.171-3 var. esp. 4.173; Jones (2007) --; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 255307
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast from 1739-1741 at the Hiranoshinden Fukagawa-Edo mint (Musashi Province); 2.91 g., 23.16 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: blank.
There are two varieties of coins cast at Hiranoshinden Fukagawa-Edo mint in the style of Jumantsubo-sen (Jumantsubo-te), although Hartill lists one. They are identical except for size. This coin is the large variety. It is distinguished by a tiger tail 寛 kan, and a cursive dot on 寶 ho.
Hartill rarity CStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Ishinomaki-senHartill 4.138-40 var; Jones (2007) 222 & 224 var; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 252101
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast from 1728-1732 (Kyoho 13-17) at the Ishinomaki Sendai mint (Mutsu Province): 2.95 g., 24.33 mm. max.
Obv: Kanei tsuho.
Rev: blank.
Hartill rarity VC
A long thin 貝 kai component of 寶 ho is characteristic. There are eight varieties, but Hartill shows just three and Jones shows just two. This is the variety with an open見 ken component of寛 kan, a faulty コ ko/head component of 通 tsu with a hooked radical, and a closed 貝 component of 寶 leaning to the right.Stkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Ishinomaki-sen/Taiji-hai-sen sobai-hoHartill 4.176-80 var; Jones (2007) 251-2 var; KM C 1.12; Zeno # 251582
1 mon (iron), cast from 1768 (Meiwa 5) at Ishinomaki Sendai mint (Mutsu Province); 2.96 g., 24.38 mm. max., 0◦
Obv: Kanei tsuho
Rev: Sen (for Sendai)
There are more varieties of iron Ishinomaki-sen than shown in Hartill and Jones. There are only two with a diameter greater than 24 mm: one with a small claw on the 貝 kai component of 寶 ho, and the other without the claw. The 寛 kan on the clawless variety leans to the right. The kan on this coin clearly does not lean right. There is perhaps the hint of a small claw on this coin, or at least, given the corroded surface, that possibility cannot be excluded. It would therefor appear through the process of elimination that this coin is the clawed variety, known as taiji hai-sen sobai-ho (large characters, sen on reverse, clawed ho).
Hartill rarity C-VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Jumantsubo-senHartill 4.144-6 var; Jones (2007) 227-31 var. esp. 230 var; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 252515
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast 1736-1739 (Genbun 1-4) at the Jumantsubo Fukagawa mint (Musashi Province); 2.29 g., 23.27 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: Blank
There are at least 23 varieties of Jumantsubo-sen (excluding the Fukyu-te), some with a small 十ju on the obverse rim and some iron, although Hartill only lists ten and Jones lists five. Those stated by Hartill to have been cast starting in 1736 (Genbun 1) are distinguished by the hook on the right arm of 永 ei, and the small top part of 寶 ho in relation to the 貝 me component. There are three varieties of those, including three sub-varieties, that are distinguished by a tiger tail 寛 kan. This coin is a tiger tail sub-variety of the variety called 寛末尾が伸びる Kan matsubi ga nobiru (= tiger tail is extended). The tip of the tail on the kan appears to be a match for Hartill 4.145. The 寶 ho also appears to match 4.145. However, the head of the 通 tsu is closer to that on Hartill 4.144 and so is the head of the永 ei.
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Jumantsubo-senHartill 4.144-6 var; Jones (2007) 230 var; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 252369
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast 1736-1739 (Genbun 1-4) at the Jumantsubo Fukagawa-Edo mint (Musashi Province); 2.31 g., 23.36 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: Blank
There are at least 23 varieties of Jumantsubo-sen (excluding the Fukyu-te), some with a small 十ju on the obverse rim and some iron, although Hartill only lists ten and Jones lists five. Those stated by Hartill to have been cast starting in 1736 (Genbun 1) are distinguished by the hook on the right arm of 永 ei, and the small top part of 寶 ho in relation to the 貝 me component. There are three varieties of those, including three sub-varieties, that are distinguished by a tiger tail 寛 kan. This coin is a sub-variety with a cursive/long 通 tsu radical.Stkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Jumantsubo-senHartill 4.144-6 var esp 4.144; Jones (2007) 230; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 255400
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast 1736-1739 (Genbun 1-4) at the Jumantsubo Fukagawa-Edo mint (Musashi Province); 2.92 g., 23.19 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: Blank
There are at least 23 varieties of Jumantsubo-sen (excluding the Fukyu-te), some with a small 十ju on the obverse rim and some iron, although Hartill only lists ten and Jones lists five. Those stated by Hartill to have been cast starting in 1736 (Genbun 1) are distinguished by the hook on the right arm of 永 ei, and the small top part of 寶 ho in relation to the 貝 me component. There are three varieties of those, including three sub-varieties, that are distinguished by a tiger tail 寛 kan. This coin is a variety called simply called 虎の尾 Toranoo (= tiger tail).
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Jumantsubo-sen/Sarue-senHartill 4.141-2 var. esp. 4.142; Jones (2007) --; KM C 1.1 var.; Zeno # 252841
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast 1726 in (Kyoho 11) at the Jumantsubo Fukagawa-Edo mint (Musashi Province); 3.08 g., 22.91 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: blank
There are at least 23 varieties of Jumantsubo-sen (excluding the Kukyu-te), some with a small 十ju on the obverse rim and some iron, although Hartill only lists ten and Jones lists five. According to Hartill those cast in 1726 (Kyoho 11) have been reattributed to the Sarue Yokotsuna-machi mint (Musashi province) but this may be erroneous and the attribution apparently remains Jumantsubo. These lack the tiger tail on the 寛 kan associated with the later issues from the mint. They are distinguished by a drooping head 永 ei with an oblique dot and slight hook on the end of right arm stroke, a slanting bottom stroke of the 通 tsu radical, and an oblong 貝 kai component of the 寶 ho. This coin is the variety with a square 貝 me component of the ho.
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Jumantsubo-sen/Sarue-senHartill 4.141-2, esp. 4.141; Jones (2007) --; KM C 1.1 var.; Zeno # 252843
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast 1726 in (Kyoho 11) at the Jumantsubo Fukagawa-Edo mint (Musashi Province); 2.61 g., 23.26 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: blank
There are at least 23 varieties of Jumantsubo-sen (excluding the Kukyu-te), some with a small 十ju on the obverse rim and some iron, although Hartill only lists ten and Jones lists five. According to Hartill those cast in 1726 (Kyoho 11) have been reattributed to the Sarue Yokotsuna-machi mint (Musashi province) but this may be erroneous and the attribution apparently remains Jumantsubo. These lack the tiger tail on the 寛 kan associated with the later issues from the mint. They are distinguished by a drooping head 永 ei with an oblique dot and slight hook on the end of right arm stroke, a slanting bottom stroke of the 通 tsu radical, and an oblong 貝 kai component of the 寶 ho. This coin is the variety with an oblong 貝 me component of the ho.
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Maruya-senHartill 4.104; Jones (2007) 203-4 var; KM C 1.1 var.; Zeno # 250806
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast 1708-1712 (Hoei 5 - Shotoku 2) at the Kameido-mura Edo mint (Musashi Province); 3.24 g., 25.51 mm. max.
Obv: Kanei tsuho
Rev: Blank
Maruya-sen is an old colloquial term, meaning unknown. These are large, well-made coins, characterized by a cursive dot on 通 tsu with a broad 用 component, a slanting dot on æ°¸ ei, and a 寶 ho with feet at a 45° angle and a broad ç›® component. There are apparently multiple varieties, with this coin representing the larger of the two.
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Nagasaki-senHartill 4.208; Jones (2007) 279; KM C 1.11; Zeno # 252361
1 mon (cast slightly magnetic copper alloy), cast 1767-1773 (Meiwa 4 - Anei 2) at Inasago Nagasaki mint (Hizen Province); 2.90 g., 23.33 mm. max., 0▫
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: 長 Naga
There appear to be no varieties of this type.
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Takatsu-senHartill 4.197-200 var.; Jones (2007) 270-2 var; KM C 1.8 var; Zeno # 250808
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast from 1741 (Kanpo 1), at the Takatsu Osaka mint (Settsu Province); 1.97 g., 21.74 mm. max., 0°
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: 元 Gen
Although there are fifteen varieties, of which ten circulated, Hartill only lists four and Jones three. This is the variety called 接郭宝背元 Sekkakuho Hai Gen in which the crown of 寶 ho touches the inside square hole. It is not listed in Hartill.
The 元 gen character refers to the Gembun era, at the end of which (1740 = Genbun 5) the order to cast these cash was given. 200,000 strings a year were cast.
Hartill rarity VC-CStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Takatsu-senHartill 4.197-200 var., esp. 4.200; Jones (2007) 270-2 var; KM C 1.8 var; Zeno # 253661
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast from 1741 (Kanpo 1), at the Takatsu Osaka mint (Settsu Province); 2.70 g., 21.87 mm. max., 0°
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: 元 Gen
Although there are fifteen varieties, of which ten circulated, Hartill only lists four and Jones three. This is the variety called 狭通背元 / 長寶 / 元前足長い Kyotsu Hai Gen / Choho / Gen Maeashi Nagai, which is described by Hartill as having a small claw on 寶 ho, with the left leg of 元 gen being almost straight. Curiously, the Japanese catalogs do not mention the small claw, but apparently describe the ho as long and the元 gen as narrow with a long forefoot.
The 元 gen character refers to the Gembun era, at the end of which (1740 = Genbun 5) the order to cast these cash was given. 200,000 strings a year were cast.
Hartill rarity CStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Takatsu-senHartill 4.197-200 var., esp. 4.197; Jones (2007) 270-2 var., esp 270; KM C 1.8 var; Zeno # 253574
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast from 1741 (Kanpo 1), at the Takatsu Osaka mint (Settsu Province); 2.39 g., 22.26 mm. max., 0°
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: å…ƒ Gen
Although there are fifteen varieties, of which ten circulated, Hartill only lists four and Jones three. This is the variety primarily described as ç´°å—背元 saiji hai gen (roughly “fine print å…ƒ gen on reverse”), and secondarily described asæ¹¾æ›²å† å¯¶ wankyoku kanmuri ho (curved crown of 寶 ho) and çŸä¸€å…ƒ Tanichigen (short first stroke of gen). Although not described as such in the Japanese sources, it is described by Hartill and Jones as having a crown of 寶 ho that slants up from the left. Jones adds that the first horizontal stroke of gen is short. This coin is smaller than indicated for the variety by Ogawa.
The å…ƒ gen character refers to the Gembun era, at the end of which (1740 = Genbun 5) the order to cast these cash was given. 200,000 strings a year were cast.
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Takatsu-senHartill 4.197-200 var.; Jones (2007) 270-2 var; KM C 1.8 var; Zeno # 253573
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast from 1741 (Kanpo 1), at the Takatsu Osaka mint (Settsu Province); 2.59 g., 22.68 mm. max., 0°
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: 元 Gen
Although there are fifteen varieties, of which ten circulated, Hartill only lists four and Jones three. This is the variety called 小字背元 Shoji Hai Gen in which the characters are small and the crown of 寶 ho is level. It differs from Hartill 4.199 in that the left leg of 元 gen is not long.
The 元 gen character refers to the Gembun era, at the end of which (1740 = Genbun 5) the order to cast these cash was given. 200,000 strings a year were cast.
Hartill rarity VC-CStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Takatsu-senHartill 4.197-200 var; Jones (2007) 270-2 var; KM C 1.8 var; Zeno # 253572
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast from 1741 (Kanpo 1), at the Takatsu Osaka mint (Settsu Province); 2.66 g., 23.42 mm. max., 0°
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho
Rev: 元 Gen
Although there are fifteen varieties, of which ten circulated, Hartill only lists four and Jones three. This is the variety called 接郭宝背元 Sekkakuho Hai Gen 濶縁 Katsuen in which the crown of 寶 ho touches the inside square hole and the outer rims are broad (there is also a smaller variety). It is not listed in Hartill.
The 元 gen character refers to the Gembun era, at the end of which (1740 = Genbun 5) the order to cast these cash was given. 200,000 strings a year were cast.
Hartill rarity VC-CStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Uncertain (Fuchi-sen)Hartill 4.193; Jones (2007) 263-8 var; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 252732
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast sometime during 1736-1740 (Genbun 1-5) at mint the identity of which is not clear; called Tan Tsu; 2.95 g., 23.31 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶Kanei tsuho
Rev: Blank
Both feet of 寶 ho hooked with three dot 尔 component of that character, small 通 tsu with a knotted radical. Known as 短通 Tan (short) Tsu
Hartill rarity CStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Yottsuho-senHartill 4.09-13 var. esp. 4.110; Jones (2007) 208-9 var; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 254133
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast from 1708-1712 (Hoei 5 - Shotoku 2), Kameido-mura Edo mint (Musashi Province); 3.11 g., 23.33 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho.
Rev: Blank
There are at least nine varieties of Yottsuho-hen, but Hartill only lists five and Jones only lists two. They are characterized by the hook on the right arm of 永 ei. This variety is called 勁永Keiei (powerfully executed ei). It is characterized by a hooked head of ei.
Formally called Hōei Kameido-sen, but popularly called Yottsuhō-sen (literally translated as The Four Treasures Coin) because they were small light and badly cast, and hence derogatorily designated Yottsuho-sen, meaning "Poor Coin."
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Yottsuho-senHartill 4.09-13 var. esp. 4.111; Jones (2007) 208-9 var; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 254087
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast from 1708-1712 (Hoei 5 - Shotoku 2), Kameido-mura Edo mint (Musashi Province); 3.29 g., 22.73 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho.
Rev: Blank
There are at least nine varieties of Yottsuho-hen, but Hartill only lists five and Jones only lists two. They are characterized by the hook on the right arm of 永 ei. This variety is called 跳永 Cho-ei (leaping ei). It is characterized by a left arm of ei that slopes down as well as a closed 見 ken component of 寛 kan with prominent vertical stroke and a 寶 ho inclined to the left.
Formally called Hōei Kameido-sen, but popularly called Yottsuhō-sen (literally translated as The Four Treasures Coin) because they were small light and badly cast, and hence derogatorily designated Yottsuho-sen, meaning "Poor Coin."
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Yottsuho-senHartill 4.09-13 var. esp. 4.112; Jones (2007) 208-9 var. esp. 209; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 252928
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast from 1708-1712 (Hoei 5 - Shotoku 2), Kameido-mura Edo mint (Musashi Province); 2.37 g., 22.48 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho.
Rev: Blank
There are at least nine varieties of Yottsuho-hen, but Hartill only lists five and Jones only lists two. They are characterized by the hook on the right arm of 永 ei. This variety is called 俯頭辵Futochaku (roughly 俯 = depression, 頭 = head, 辵 = heel). It is characterized by a drooping 通 tsu radical with the head tilting down and a right vertical stroke of 寛 kan that touches the right foot. Jones notes that the right stroke of the crown of kan is long and curves inward.
Formally called Hōei Kameido-sen, but popularly called Yottsuhō-sen (literally translated as The Four Treasures Coin) because they were small light and badly cast, and hence derogatorily designated Yottsuho-sen, meaning "Poor Coin."
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Yottsuho-senHartill 4.09-13 var. esp. 4.113; Jones (2007) 208-9 var; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 254091
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast from 1708-1712 (Hoei 5 - Shotoku 2), Kameido-mura Edo mint (Musashi Province); 2.45 g., 22.04 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho.
Rev: Blank
There are at least nine varieties of Yottsuho-hen, but Hartill only lists five and Jones only lists two. They are characterized by the hook on the right arm of 永 ei. This variety is called 座寛 Za-kan (squat kan). It is characterized by a 254091.
Formally called Hōei Kameido-sen, but popularly called Yottsuhō-sen (literally translated as The Four Treasures Coin) because they were small light and badly cast, and hence derogatorily designated Yottsuho-sen, meaning "Poor Coin."
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Yottsuho-senHartill 4.09-13 var; Jones (2007) 208-9 var; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 251949
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast from 1708-1712 (Hoei 5 - Shotoku 2), Kameido-mura Edo mint (Musashi Province); 2.21 g., 22.87 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho.
Rev: Blank
There are at least nine varieties of Yottsuho-hen, but Hartill only lists five and Jones only lists two. They are characterized by the hook on the right arm of 永 ei. This coin is similar to Hartill 4.110 (called 勁永 Kei-Ei (vigorous ei), and is also characterized by a hooked head of ei. It differs in that the second stroke (on the crown) and right leg of the 寛 kan are wider. It is Ogawa 63, called 勁永広寛 Kei Ei Ko Kan (vigorous 永 ei, wide 寛 kan).
Formally called Hōei Kameido-sen, but popularly called Yottsuhō-sen (literally translated as The Four Treasures Coin) because they were small light and badly cast, and hence derogatorily designated Yottsuho-sen, meaning "Poor Coin."
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate. Shin-Kanei Tsuho (new Kanei Tsuho). Yottsuho-senHartill 4.09-13 var. esp. 4.109; Jones (2007) 208-9 var. esp. 208; KM C 1.1 var; Zeno # 254089
1 mon (cast copper alloy), cast from 1708-1712 (Hoei 5 - Shotoku 2), Kameido-mura Edo mint (Musashi Province); 3.11 g., 23.33 mm. max.
Obv: 寛永通寶 Kanei tsuho.
Rev: Blank
There are at least nine varieties of Yottsuho-hen, but Hartill only lists five and Jones only lists two. They are characterized by the hook on the right arm of 永 ei. This variety is called 広永 Ko-ei (wide ei). It is characterized by a wide ei in which the left leg and right arm are long.
Formally called Hōei Kameido-sen, but popularly called Yottsuhō-sen (literally translated as The Four Treasures Coin) because they were small light and badly cast, and hence derogatorily designated Yottsuho-sen, meaning "Poor Coin."
Hartill rarity VCStkp
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