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Sear 1818 (with Mardin c/m 21) Host coin: anonymous Class A3 follis, weight 6.2g, diameter 27mm, with type 45 ornamentation. Mardin type 21 countermark on the obverse, the word Najm [= ‘star’, part of an honorific]: Artuqid, attributed to Najm al-din [‘Star of the faith’] Alpi (1152 – 1176 CE). Countermark presumably affixed at the Artuqid mint at Mardin.Abu Galyon
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Sear 1823 (with Mardin c/m 1)Host coin: anonymous Class B Follis, weight 8.3g, diameter 33 x 27cm., overstruck on a class A2/3 anonymous follis. Mint of Constantinople. Mardin type 1 countermark (the word Atabeg, a hereditary title of nobility) on the reverse, attributed to the Zengid lords of Mosul.
Abu Galyon
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Sear 1825 (with Mardin c/m 13 & 10)Host coin: anonymous Class C Follis, weight 5.4g, diameter 29mm. Mint of Constantinople. Mardin type 13 countermark on obverse, the word 'Izz [= 'glory', part of an honorific], attributed to the Zengid ruler of al-Jazirah, Abu Bakr al Dubaysi (1146 – 1156 CE). The other countermark on the reverse is Mardin type 10, the word 'adl [= 'just' or 'equitable']: attributed to an unknown Artuqid ruler.
Ex Mardin hoard (and ex FORVM catalog). Abu Galyon
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Sear 1825 (with Mardin c/m 16) Host coin: anonymous Class C follis, weight 8.05g, diameter 31mm., overstruck on a Class B anonymous follis (Sear 1823) with perhaps another, even earlier Class A2 undertype also. Mardin type 16 countermark on the obverse, the word lillah [= ‘for Allah’]: Artuqid, ruler uncertain.Abu Galyon
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Sear 1825 (with Mardin c/m 9)Host coin: anonymous Class C Follis, weight 5.61g, diameter 28mm. On the obverse, Mardin countermark type 9, the word Shams [= ‘sun’, part of an honorific], attributed to the Inalid ruler of Amid, Shams al-Muluk [‘Sun of Kings’] Jamal al-din Mahmud (1151 – 1183 CE).Abu Galyon
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Sear 1836 (with Mardin c/m 14)Host coin: anonymous Class D Follis, weight 7.42g, diameter 28mm. Mint of Constantinople. Mardin type 14 countermark on the obverse, the word Imad [= ‘pillar’, part of an honorific]: Zengid, attributed to Imad al-din [‘Pillar of the Faith’] Zengi II, the atabeg of Sinjar and Nisibin, 1169 -1197 CE. Probably mint of Nisibin. Abu Galyon
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Sear 1836 (with Mardin c/m 16)Host coin: anonymous Class D Follis, weight 5.4g, diameter 28mm. Mint of Constantinople. Mardin type 16 countermark on the obverse, the word lillah [ = ‘for Allah’]: Artuqid, ruler uncertain, from the later period of countermarking after 1160 CE. Abu Galyon
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Sear 1836 (with Mardin c/m 25)Host coin: anonymous Class D follis, weight 7.4g , diameter 30mm. Mint of Constantinople. Mardin type 25 countermark on the reverse, the letters sin – lam – alif: attributed to the Begtimurid mint at Akhlat. Abu Galyon
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Sear 1853 (with Mardin c/m 17)Host coin: Follis of Constantine X Ducas (1059 – 1067 CE), weight 5.3g, diameter 27mm., mint of Constantinople. Faint traces of an undertype on the obverse, apparently a class B anonymous follis (Sear 1823). Mardin type 17 countermark on obverse, the word lillah [ = ‘for Allah’]: Artuqid, ruler uncertain.
Abu Galyon
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Sear 1854 (with Mardin c/m 21)Host coin: Follis of Constantine X Ducas (1059 – 1067 CE), weight 7.0g, diameter 26.5mm. Mint of Constantinople. Mardin type 21 countermark on reverse, the word Najm [ = ‘star’, part of an honorific]: Artuqid, attributed to Najm al-din [‘Star of the faith’] Alpi (1152 – 1176 CE).
Abu Galyon
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Sear 1900 (with Mardin c/m 9)Host coin: anonymous Class J Follis, weight 5.66g, diameter 30mm. Traces of Sear 1888 visible as one of perhaps several undertypes. On the obverse, Mardin countermark type 9, the word Shams [= ‘sun’, part of an honorific], attributed to the Inalid ruler of Amid, Shams al-Muluk [‘Sun of Kings’] Jamal al-din Mahmud (1151 – 1183 CE).Abu Galyon
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Sear 1901 (with Mardin c/m 21 and 12)Host coin: anonymous Class K follis, weight 5.7g, diameter 29mm, with an anonymous Class J (Sear 1900) undertype. There are two Mardin countermarks visible on the reverse, with the type 21 c/m partly struck over the type 12. (Another example of ‘21 over-stamped on 12’ is illustrated in the 1977 Mardin Hoard monograph as Pl. VI, 10.)
Type 21: the word Najm [= ‘star’, part of an honorific], attributed to the Artuqid prince Najm al-din [‘Star of the faith’] Alpi (1152 – 1176 CE), mint of Mardin.
Type 12: the words ‘adl [= ‘just’ or ‘equitable’] and ‘Izz [= ‘glory', part of an honorific], attributed to the Zengid governor ‘Izz al-din [‘Glory of the faith’] Abu Bakr al-Dubaysi (1146 – 1156 CE), mint of al-Jazirah.
Abu Galyon
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Sear 1901 (with Mardin c/m 18b)Host coin: anonymous Class K Follis, weight 5.23g, diameter 24mm. On the reverse, Mardin countermark type 18b. The reading of this countermark type is uncertain: perhaps the common religious formula lillah (‘for Allah’) but with a defective final letter. About half the known specimens are mirror images of the other half (hence, divided into a and b subtypes). Lowick assigned it, on the basis of its association with other countermarks, to the Artuqid mint of Hisn Kafya. He did not identify the type with a particular ruler, but it never appears overstamped by another countermark, so it is most likely to belong to the later period of countermarking, after 1160 CE. Abu Galyon
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Sear 1901 (with Mardin c/m 9)Host coin: anonymous Class K Follis, weight 5.4g, diameter 26mm, overstruck on a follis of Romanus IV Diogenes (Sear 1866). On the obverse, Mardin countermark type 9, the word Shams [= ‘sun’, part of an honorific], attributed to the Inalid ruler of Amid, Shams al-Muluk [‘Sun of Kings’] Jamal al-din Mahmud (1151 – 1183 CE). Abu Galyon
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Sear 1901 (with Mardin c/m 9)Host coin: anonymous Class K Follis, weight 6.1g, diameter 27mm. On the reverse, Mardin countermark type 9, the word Shams [= ‘sun’, part of an honorific], attributed to the Inalid ruler of Amid, Shams al-Muluk [‘Sun of Kings’] Jamal al-din Mahmud (1151 – 1183 CE).Abu Galyon
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Sear 1901 (with uncertain Mardin c/m)Host coin: anonymous Class K follis, weight 3.5g, diameter 25mm, overstruck on an anonymous follis of Class J (Sear 1900). The fragment of the obverse countermark which is visible suggests one of the ‘lillah’ varieties: Mardin type 17 or 18, or perhaps type 28. Abu Galyon
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