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Aurelian and the Palmyrene Empire
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The theme of this gallery is a simple one, in theory. It is intended to be filled with the coinage of Aurelian that, in the opinion of Sylviane Estiot in her monumental work Monnaies de L'Empire romain XII.1/XII.2: D'Aurelian à Florien, directly references the Palmyrene Empire in terms of the threats that it posed to Rome, the movement of Aurelian's troops towards Palmyra, the victories over it that Aurelian accomplished, etc. In praxis, however, I find the theme not so easy to collect. Learning to read French is more time consuming then the time that I currently have, and at first blush it appears to me that many of the coins that fit the theme are quite rare and so I assume that I won't be obtaining them. Spending more time learning French, scouring Estiot's work, making a list of the theme fitting coins that I can obtain, finding those coins on the market...all of this will ensure that this gallery grows. For now, please enjoy the single coin that you will find inside.
1 files, last one added on Dec 14, 2019
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Larissa
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The city of Larissa was named after the local water nymph, said to be the daughter of Pelasgos. He was said to be the ancestor of the pre-Greek Pelasgians. According to myth Larissa drowned while playing ball on the banks of the Peneios river. In the sixth century BC Larissa became the preeminent city of Thessaly. Minting (silver coinage) began in the first half of the 5th century BC and apparently continued down to the early 2nd century BC, both in terms of fractional silver based upon a reduced Aiginetic standard and bronze. (HGC 4 p. 130 and 131). Currently this album contains five facing head drachms, a drachm of Larissa in profile, a leaping bull drachm, four bull wrestling drachms, and small denominations depicting Larissa, bulls, a bull hoof, and the ever present horse. I like to include auction catalogs when I am able.
34 files, last one added on Mar 10, 2024
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| Last additions - Tracy Aiello's Gallery |
Great Britain Lord Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson 1758 - 1805British and Foreign Sailors Society Medal Commemorating the Trafalgar Centenary
Copper medal; Brown BHM 3924, Hardy 112; VF, scratches, rim dings; 12.470g; 28.8mm; 0o; 1905. Obverse PRESENTED BY BRITISH & FOREIGN SAILORS SOCIETY (top clockwise) CONTAINING VICTORY COPPER FROM LORDS OF THE ADMIRALTY (bottom counter clockwise), Lord Nelson standing left, DEATH OF NELSON OCT 21 1809 CENTENARY MEMENTO OCT 21 1905 in banner across, E.R. VII below. Reverse "ENGLAND EXPECTS THAT EV ERY MAN WILL DO HIS DUTY" (top clockwise) "THANK GOD I HAVE DONE MY DUTY" (bottom counter clockwise), flagship HMS Victory right, VICTORY.TRAFALGAR / OCT. 21 1805 in two lines below; from the J. Eric Engstrom Collection.
Descriptive Write-Up and Photo Credits: Forum Ancient Coins
I note that on the top of the reverse at 12h between “EV” and “ERY” is a 1 mm diameter circle with a raised outline. Could this be a marker for a pierce point should the owner want to suspend the medal?Tracy AielloApr 21, 2024
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Great Britain Lord Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson 1758 - 1805The Shipwrecked Fishermen and Mariners Royal Benevolent Society Membership Token
Tin medal; Hardy 94; Weight 8.7g; Diameter 32mm; Die axis 0o; Date 1905; Obverse: uniformed bust of Lord Vice Admiral Nelson l., in l. field: №, circular and clockwise ENGLAND EXPECTS EVERY MAN WILL DO HIS DUTY inscribed on a belt with the fastened buckle at 6 1/2h; Reverse: port-quarter view of a three-masted ship partially dismasted driving on the rocks in a heavy sea, clockwise SHIPWRECKED MARINERS SOCIETY, ・1861・at 6h between the start and end of the legend. Slot pierced for suspension. Creator: Joseph Davis.
Photo Credits: 56salesman
Per Royal Museums Greenwich this is a membership token issued annually as a receipt for a subscription. I assume that the № in the left field was for inscribing one’s membership number, but I have no evidence of that. The date at 6h is the date of issue.Tracy AielloApr 17, 2024
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Sources 02 Attica, Athenian DrachmBMC Attica: Head, Barclay V. A Catalogue of the Greek Coins in the British Museum, Vol. 11 Attica - Megaris - Aegina. London, 1888.
HGC 4: HGC: Hoover, Oliver D. Handbook of Coins of Northern and Central Greece, The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Vol. 4. Lancaster/London: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc, 2014.
Kroll: Kroll, John H. and Walker, Alan S. The Athenian Agora. Results of Excavations Conducted by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, vol. XXVI: The Greek Coins. New Jersey: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 1993.
SGCV I: Sear, David. Greek Coins and Their Values, Vol. I, Europe: Coins of Spain, Gaul, Italy, Sicily, the Balkan lands, Greece, the Cyclades and Crete; also the Celtic issues of Western and Central Europe. London: Seaby, 1978.
SNG Cop: Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum: Thessaly - Illyricum, Vol. 11. Copenhagen: Einar Munksgaard, 1943.
SNG Lockett: Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain III, The Locket Collection, part III Macedonia - Aegina (Gold and Silver). London: Oxford University Press/Spink and
Son, 1942.
SNG München: Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, Staatliche Münzsammlung
München, Attika, Megaris, Ägina Nr. 1 - 601, Vol. 14. München: Hirmer
Verlag, 2002.
SNG Sweden: Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum Sweden II: The Collection of the Royal Coin Cabinet National Museum of Monetary History Stockholm. Part 3 Attica - Lesbos. Stockholm: The Royal Academy of Letters History and Antiquities, 1991.
Svoronos Athens: Svoronos, John N. Corpus of the Ancient Coins of Athens. Chicago: Ares Publishers Inc., 1975.Tracy AielloMar 24, 2024
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02 Attica, Athenian DrachmObv: head of Athena facing r., crested Attic helmet with three olive leaves and floral scroll, almond shaped eye.
Rev: owl standing r. with erect posture, tail feathers as a single prong, head facing forward, an olive sprig to the l., A☉E downward to the r., all within incuse square.
Denomination: silver drachm; Mint: Athens; Date: 454 - 404 BC1; Weight: 4.22g; Diameter: 15mm; Die axis: 270º; References, for example: BMC Attica vol. 11, 74; SNG Lockett 1851; SNG Cop vol. 14, 43 var. mention of crescent; Svoronos Athens pls. 11.19 - 17.29 passim; SGCV I 2527; Kroll 10; SNG Sweden 1481; SNG München 61; HGC 4, 1631.
Notes:
1This is the date given in HGC 4 and SNG München.
Provenance: Ex. Kirk Davis March 12, 2024; Ex. Malter Galleries, with their tag indicating Ex. Kurpfälzische Münzhandlung, June 3, 1977.
CLICK FOR SOURCESTracy AielloMar 24, 2024
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Sources 04 Attica, Athenian TritartemorionHGC 4: HGC: Hoover, Oliver D. Handbook of Coins of Northern and Central Greece, The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Vol. 4. Lancaster/London: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc, 2014.
Kroll: Kroll, John H. and Walker, Alan S. The Athenian Agora. Results of Excavations Conducted by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, vol. XXVI: The Greek Coins. New Jersey: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 1993.
SGCV I: Sear, David. Greek Coins and Their Values, Vol. I, Europe: Coins of Spain, Gaul, Italy, Sicily, the Balkan lands, Greece, the Cyclades and Crete; also the Celtic issues of Western and Central Europe. London: Seaby, 1978.
SNG München: Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, Staatliche Münzsammlung
München, Attika, Megaris, Ägina Nr. 1 - 601, Vol. 14. München: Hirmer
Verlag, 2002.
Svoronos Athens: Svoronos, John N. Corpus of the Ancient Coins of Athens. Chicago: Ares Publishers Inc., 1975.
Traité: Babelon, Ernest. Traité des Monnaies Grecques et Romaines: Tome Troisième. Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1914.Tracy AielloMar 24, 2024
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05 Attica, Athenian TritartemorionObv: Head of Athena r. wearing Attic helmet with three olive leaves and a floral scroll, profile eye.
Rev:, E☉A within three crescents - horns inward - arranged in a circle, all within incuse square.
Denomination: silver tritartemorion; Mint: Athens; Date: c. 400/390 - 294 BC1; Weight: .78g; Diameter: 9mm; Die axis: 0º; References, for example: Traité p. 102 no. 36 pl. CXC 21 - 24, var. two legend arrangements and two arrangements indistinguishable; Svoronos Athens pl. 17, 44 - 48, var. legend arrangement; SGCV I 2542, var. legend arrangement; Kroll 21 a and b, pl. 3, 21a2; SNG München 118 - 122, var. legend arrangement; HGC 4, 1668, var. legend arrangement.
Notes:
1This is the date given in HGC 4.
2Kroll’s referenced legend arrangement is different than on this coin, although he does state that variations exist. He does not enumerate those variations.
Provenance: Ex. cgb.fr Numismatics March 12, 2024
Photo Credits: cgb.fr Numismatics
CLICK FOR SOURCES
Tracy AielloMar 24, 2024
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Great Britain Lord Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson 1758 - 1805Medal Commemorating the Wreck of HMS 'Foudroyant', 1897
Copper medal, Brown BHM 3613, Eimer 1813, Hardy 107, AT, scratches and marks, pendant loop attached, 28.58g, 38.1mm, 0o, Birmingham mint, after 1897; obverse ·:· HORATIO. VISCOUNT NELSON ·:·, uniformed bust facing slightly left, wearing tricorne decorated with diamond aigrette; BORN, 29th SEPTEMBER, 1758/DIED, 21st OCTOBER, 1805 / in two lines below, REG: No 311490 in small lettering along the bottom; reverse "FOUDROYANT," LORD NELSON'S FLAGSHIP., the HMS Foudroyant under sail left, COMMENCED BUILDING 1789 / LAUNCHED AT PLYMOUTH APRIL 1798 / WRECKED AT BLACK POOL / JUNE 16TH, 1897 in five lines below, MEDAL STRUCK FROM COPPER OF VESSEL AFTER BREAKING UP in small lettering along the bottom.; ex J. Eric Engstrom Collection.
Descriptive Write-Up and Photo Credits: Forum Ancient Coins
Per Wikipedia the Foudroyant was Lord Nelson’s flagship from June 6, 1799 until the end of June 1800.Tracy AielloMar 15, 2024
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Great Britain Lord Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson 1758 - 1805Centenary of the Battle of Trafalgar, WM Medal
Silver medal, Hardy 110, Brown BHM 3923, Eimer –, EF, light scratches and marks, weight 11.628g, maximum diameter 31.8mm, die axis 0o, 1905; obverse HORATIO VISCOUNT NELSON . K · B · DUKE OF BRONTE · &, uniformed bust of Admiral Lord Nelson left; reverse ENGLAND EXPECTS EVERY MAN WILL DO HIS DUTY, CENTENARY / OF THE / BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR / 1905 in four lines above, view of the naval battle, TRAFALGAR / OCT.21.1805 in two lines in exergue; from the J. Eric Engstrom Collection.
Struck by Spink & Sons, after Küchler.
Descriptive Write-Up and Photo Credits: Forum Ancient Coins.Tracy AielloMar 12, 2024
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Sources 000011 Larissa Profile Left Double Headed Axe in Front, Jason’s Sandal RightBCD Thessaly II: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. The BCD Collection of the Coinage of Thessaly. Triton XV Auction. (3 January 2012, New York).
HGC 4: HGC: Hoover, Oliver D. Handbook of Coins of Northern and Central Greece, The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Vol. 4. Lancaster/London: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc, 2014.
Kagan, Jonathan. “The So Called Persian Weight Coins of Larissa.” Obolos 7: 79 - 86 (2004).
SNG Cop: Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum: Thessaly - Illyricum, Vol. 11. Copenhagen: Einar Munksgaard, 1943.
Traité: Babelon, Ernest. Traité des Monnaies Grecques et Romaines: Tome Quatrième. Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1926.
Weber: Forrer, L. Descriptive Catalogue of the Collection of Greek Coins formed by Sir Hermann Weber: Volume II. London: Spink & Son, 1924.Tracy AielloMar 10, 2024
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000011 Larissa Profile Left Double Headed Axe in Front, Jason’s Sandal RightThessaly Greece, the City of Larissa
Obv: Larissa in profile to the l., double headed ax before. All within a border of dots.
Rev: Jason’s sandal to the r., Λ - Α above. All within incuse square.
Denomination: silver obol; Mint: Larissa; Date: c. 490 - 480 BC????; Weight: .86g; Diameter: 10mm: Die axis: 120º; References, for example: Weber 2826, var. sandal l.; Traité p. 1011 no. 1415 pl. XLIII 6, var. legend ΛΑRΙ, sandal l., Ξ below; SNG Cop 90, var. no mention of ax; Kagan 2004, p. 85, pl. 1, 4, legend? var. sandal l.; BCD Thessaly II 140, var. sandal l., square within incuse, legend ΛΑRΙ retrograde and upside down, H on groundline; HGC 4, 403, legend retrograde and upside down var. sandal l.
Provenance: Ex. Roma Numismatics Ltd. E-Sale 177 Lot 69 February 22, 2024; Ex. Roma Numismatics Ltd. E-Sale 107 Lot 145 March 16, 2023; Ex. Roma Numismatics Ltd. E-Sale 94 Lot 61 February 24, 2022; Ex. Roma Numismatics Ltd. E-Sale 37 Lot 80 June 24, 2017; Ex. Roma Numismatics Ltd. E-Sale 12 Lot 592 November 1, 2014.
Photo Credits: Roma Numismatics Ltd.
CLICK FOR SOURCESTracy AielloMar 10, 2024
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Sources - 0009931 Larissa ¾ Left, Rider on Horse Prancing RightHerrmann, Fritz. “Die Silbermünzen von Larissa in Thessalien.” Zeitschrift für Numismatik 35 (1925): 1 - 69.
Traité: Babelon, Ernest. Traité des Monnaies Grecques et Romaines: Tome Quatrième. Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1926.Tracy AielloJan 15, 2024
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0009931 Larissa ¾ Left, Rider on Horse Prancing RightThessaly Greece, the City of Larissa
Obv: Head of the nymph Larissa 3/4 facing l., an ampyx in her hair, wearing a simple necklace, [a single globule earring hanging from the bottom of the base of the last lock of hair on the r]. All within a border of dots.
Rev: Thessalian cavalryman on prancing horse r., wearing chlamys and petasos. [Λ]API above l., [Σ] downwards in front of horse, [AIΩN] in exergue below the ground line.
Denomination: Obol (?); Mint: Larissa; Date: c. 395 - 344/3 BC1; Weight: 1.04g; Diameter: 11mm: Die axis: 180º; References, for example: Traité VI, 724, pl. CCXCIX, 12; Herrmann Group VII 1 Series B pl. VI, 1 var. mention of a whip and different legend orientation, although he allows for variations.
Notes:
1This is the date provided in Herrmann.
Provenance: Ex. Bermondsey Coins, December 26, 2023
Photo Credits: Bermondsey Coins
CLICK FOR SOURCESTracy AielloJan 15, 2024
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Lucius Domitius Aurelianus - Aurelian, Emperor 270 - 275 ADAurelian and the Palmyrene Empire
Obv: IMP AVRELIANVS AVG; bust of Aurelian, radiate, curaissed, facing r.
Rev: RESTITVT•OR/IENTIS; emperor in military dress standing l., holding a long sceptre in l. hand, with the r. hand raising a kneeling female figure who is facing r., a modius on her head, ✶C✶ in exergue.
Denomination: antoniniani; Mint: Cyzicus; Officina: 2nd; Issue: 5; Date: early - summer 272 AD; Weight: 4.25g; Diameter: 24.01mm; Die axis: 150º; References, for example: RIC V v.1 351; Hunter IV 101; SRCV III 11596; BnF 1160; MER - RIC 2952.
Regarding this type/issue at Cyzicus Sylviane Estiot states "The type Restitut●Orientis, the emperor raising the hand of a kneeling woman crowned with a modius (not turreted), resumed a type contemporary with Sisica, 5th issue." (Estiot 2004 v.1, p. 109. Translation is my own). Regarding the referenced type, 5th issue, at Sisica Estiot states "...the new type Restitutor Orientis depicts the emperor in a military costume standing left, under his hand the personification of a female of the Orient kneeling, not turreted, but with a modius: it is, again, an iconographic detail that alludes to the Roman supply of cereals, compromised by the expansionism of Palmyra in the Orient." (Estiot 2004 v.1, p. 86. Translation is my own). Although the legends on the two coins at Cyzicus and Sisica are slightly different, the reverse types are the same. Thus, the coin here from Cyzicus is a reference to the threat of the Palmyrene Empire.
Photo Credit: Marc R. Breitsprecher, Classical Numismatist
Sources
BnF: Estiot, Sylviane. Monnaies de L’Empire romain XII.1: D’Aurelian à Florien. Bibliothèque nationale de France: Poinsignon Numismatique, 2004.
MER - RIC: Maison de l’Orient et la Méditerranée: Monnaies de l’Empire Romain/Roman Imperial Coinage AD 268-276. http://www.ric.mom.fr/en/home
Robertson, Anne. Roman Imperial Coins in the Hunter Coin Cabinet, Vol. IV Valerian I to Allectus. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978.
Sear, David. Roman Coins and Their Values, Vol. III: Maximinus I to Carinus. London: Spink, 2005.
Webb, Percy. The Roman Imperial Coinage, Vol. V, Part 1: Valerian to Florian, edited by Harold Mattingly and Edward Sydenham. London: Spink & Son, 1927.Tracy Aiello
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00095 Facing Head of Larissa - AI SignedThessaly Greece, the City of Larissa
Obv: Head of the nymph Larissa facing ¾ l., wearing ampyx with ΓΕΥ inscription (not visible)1, hair floating freely above head, tiny IA above top locks of hair (off of flan), prominent raised right shoulder2 (garment clasp visible?), spherical earring with bead pendant. Border of dots.
Rev: Horse crouching r., bucranium brand on haunch, forelegs spread, raised tail (off of flan), tiny AI under belly3, reign trails into exergue with exergue line sloping downward under horse's muzzle, ΛΑΡΙΣΑΙ directly below exergue line with ΣΑΙ breaking into that line.
Denomination: silver drachm; Mint: Larissa; Date: c. 405/400 BC - c. 370 BC4; Weight: 6.11g; Diameter: 19mm; Die axis: 90º; References, for example: SNG Cop vol. 11, 126; Herrmann Group VII, Series I, Reverse II, pl. VI, 16 and 19; HGC 4, 434; Lorber - Shahar Group 3 Head Type 14 (O35/R2 - Sp. b, this very coin) = Florilegium Numismaticum Group One Head Type 11 with Reverse 21.2 - Sp. b (this very coin).
Notes:
1Lorber presumes that these letters are "...an abbreviated epithet of the nymph Larissa." (Lorber Early in FlorNum, p. 261).
2Lorber invites us to interpret this "distinctive gesture" as the nymph "...tossing her ball, an action regularly depicted on trihemiobols and obols of the fifth century." (Lorber Early in FlorNum, p. 262).
3Lorber understands these letters to be the signature of the mint's chief engraver, who replaced ΣΙΜΟ. See Lorber Early in FlorNum, p. 261.
4This is the date range provided in Lorber 2008, p. 126.
The city of Larissa was named after the local water nymph, said to be the daughter of Pelasgos. He was said to be the ancestor of the pre-Greek Pelasgians. According to myth Larissa drowned while playing ball on the banks of the Peneios river. (HGC 4 p. 130).
Provenance: Ex Shanna Schmidt Numismatics October 30, 2019; Ex Numismatica Ars Classica Auction 29, May 11, 2005, lot 176; Ex Numismatic Fine Arts Auction XXXIII, May 3, 1994, lot 929.
Photo credits: Shanna Schmidt Numismatics
CLICK FOR SOURCES
Tracy Aiello
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Sources - 0001 Bull Hoof LarissaBCD Thessaly: Nomos AG, Auction 4. Coins of Thessaly, the BCD Collection. (10 May 2011, Zurich).
Liampi Corpus: Liampi, Katerini. "Das Corpus der Obolen und Hemiobolen des Thessalischen Bundes und die politische Geschichte Thessaliens im 2. Viertel des 5. Jahrhunderts v. Chr." In Hellas und Der Griechische Osten: Studien zur Geschichte und Numismatik der griechischen Welt, Festschrift für Peter Robert Franke zum 70. Geburtstag, ed. Wolfgang Leschhorn, Auguste V. B. Miron und Andrei Miron. Saarbrücken: SDV Saarbrücker Druckerei und Verlag GmbH, 1996.
Triton XIV by Classical Numismatic Group, January 4 - 5, 2011.Tracy Aiello
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