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Apollo is the god of prophecy, of musical and
artistic inspiration, of archers and of healing.
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Apolo es el dios de la profecía, de la
inspiración artística y musical, de
los arqueros y de la curación. |
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Leto persecuted
When the Titaness Leto
had been seduced by Zeus,
she was hunted over the whole earth by the jealousy
of the god's wife Hera. And
after having wandered through many countries
Leto came to the rocky
island of Delos, which is one of the so called
Cyclades Islands in the Aegean Sea, and there she
gave birth to her twins, first to
Artemis and soon after
to Apollo.
This island came about, they say, when
Leto's sister Asteria 1 cast herself into the sea in order to escape the amorous advances of Zeus,
who transformed her into a quail. From her a
floating island sprang that was first called
Ortygia and later Delos, although some have said
that Ortygia and Delos are two different islands
and that Artemis
was born in the former and Apollo in the latter.
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Leto perseguida
Cuando Zeus sedujo a la titánide Leto,
fue ella perseguida a través del mundo
entero por Hera, la celosa esposa del dios.
Después de haber vagado por muchos
países, llegó Leto a la rocosa isla
de Delos (una de las Cíclades, en el Mar
Egeo), donde dio a luz a sus mellizos, primero a
Artemisa y enseguida a Apolo.
Dicen que la isla apareció cuando Asteria 1, hermana de Leto, se arrojó al mar para huir de los ataques amorosos de Zeus, que entonces la convirtió en una codorniz. Surgió de ella una isla flotante que primero se llamó Ortigia y después Delos, aunque algunos afirman que son éstas dos islas distintas, habiendo Artemisa nacido en la primera y Apolo en la segunda. |
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Birth
This happened, some say, with great difficulty;
for after nine days of travail the goddess of
childbirth Ilithyia had not yet arrived, since she
was kept in heaven by the envy of
Hera. But the goddesses who
kept Leto company bribed
the heavenly messenger Iris 1 with a necklace strung with golden threads,
and she brought Ilithyia to Delos. On her arrival,
Leto cast her arms around a
palm tree or an olive tree and, kneeling on the
meadow, gave birth first to Artemis
and then, with the help of Artemis'
midwifery, to Apollo.
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Nacimiento
Según algunos, tuvo lugar el nacimiento en medio de grandes dificultades. aunque ya habían pasado nueve días de dolores, no aparecía aún la diosa del alumbramiento, Ilitía, pues la detenía en el Cielo la envidia de Hera. Pero las diosas que entonces acompañaban a Leto sobornaron a Iris 1, la mensajera celestial, con un collar de hilos de oro para que trajese Ilitía a Delos. Cuando por fin llegó ésta, Leto se abrazó a una palmera, o a un olivo, y, arrodillada en el prado, dio a luz, primero a Artemisa y luego, con la ayuda de ésta, a Apolo. |
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The Lycian peasants
Leto's troubles did not
stop after giving birth, for it is said that she,
having arrived with her newborns to a certain place
in Lycia in Asia Minor where there was a lake, was
forbidden by the inhospitable locals to quench her
thirst. No matter how much she begged them to let
her drink, they would still forbid her to touch the
water, and as Leto insisted
the Lycian peasants threatened her and soil the
pool with their feet and hands, stirring up the mud
from the bottom. And seeing them so tight-fisted
and mean, and at the same time so in love with the
pool, Leto turned them into
frogs so that they could live in its depth for ever
enjoying the water and the mud.
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Los paisanos licios
Las dificultades de Leto no terminaron con el
alumbramiento. Se cuenta que cuando llegó
con los recién nacidos a cierto paraje de
Licia (en Asia Menor), le prohibieron ciertos
lugareños inhospitalarios aplacar su sed en
un lago. Por más que les rogaba que le
permitieran beber, se empeñaban ellos en
prohibirle que tocara sus aguas. Y como Leto
insistiera, los paisanos licios la amenazaron, al
tiempo que ensuciaban el estanque con manos y pies,
y removían el fango de su fondo.
Viéndolos tan agarrados y mezquinos, y tan
enamorados del estanque, Leto los convirtió
en ranas, para que pudieran morar en sus
profundidades, y disfrutar para siempre del agua y
el barro. |
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Python
But others say that the twins, so soon they were
born, punished all the men of that time who, when
Leto was pregnant and in
the course of her wanderings, refused to receive
her when she came to their land. And it is said
that only four days after his birth Apollo went to
Mount Parnassus and killed Python, the dragon that
gave oracular responses and that had followed the
pregnant Leto in order to
kill her.
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Pitón
Según otros, los gemelos, apenas nacidos,
castigaron a todos los hombres de esa época
que se negaron a recibir a Leto en su tierra cuando
ella, encinta, recorría el mundo. Y se dice
que sólo cuatro días después
de su nacimiento, Apolo fue al Monte Parnaso y
mató a Pitón, el dragón que
pronunciaba oráculos y que había
perseguido a la encinta Leto para matarla. |
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Prophecy
It was then that Apollo took over
Themis' oracle in
Delphi. He then appointed
Cretan sailors as the sanctuary's first priests.
For having seen a Cretan ship sailing from Cnossos
in Crete to
Pylos in the Peloponnesus,
he turned himself into a dolphin and brought the
ship into the Crisaean Gulf (the Phocian section of
the northern coast of the Gulf of
Corinth). So from Crisa,
the Cretan sailors conducted by Apollo came to
Parnassus, and having become priests of Apollo,
they called the city
Delphi, for the god,
having appeared to them in the shape of a dolphin,
told them:
"I sprang upon
the ship in the form of a dolphin, pray to me as
Apollo Delphinius; also the altar itself shall be
called Delphinius ..." (Apollo to the Cretan sailors. Homeric
Hymn to Pythian Apollo 493). |
Profecía
Fue así que Apolo se hizo cargo del
oráculo de Temis en Delfos, designando a
ciertos marineros cretenses como los primeros
sacerdotes del santuario. Había visto el
dios una nave cretense que navegaba de Cnosos
(Creta) a Pilos (en el Peloponeso). Se
convirtió en un delfín y trajo la
nave al Golfo de Crisa (en la costa norte del Golfo
de Corinto, segmento de Fócide). De
allí, condujo a los marineros al Parnaso,
que se hicieron sacerdotes de Apolo y llamaron a la
ciudad Delfos, porque cuando el dios se les
apareció con la figura de un delfín,
les había dicho:
«Así como yo al
principio, en la brumosa mar semejante a un
delfín, salté sobre la veloz nave
así, llamadme delfinio al invocarme; y
delfinio será el propio
altar...» (Apolo a los marineros cretenses. Himno a Apolo pítico 493). |
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The Oracle at
Delphi
Concerning the oracle says a Pythian priestess
of Delphi that the first
to have prophetic powers was
Gaia, who appointed Daphnis 4, a Mountain Nymph (Oread), as prophetess. After her came Themis, and then the Titaness Phoebe 1, who gave her seat at Delphi to Phoebus Apollo,
called after her. But others say that
Gaia and
Poseidon had the oracle
in common and that it was
Themis who gave the
oracle to Apollo as a gift, and that
Poseidon was
compensated receiving Calaureia, that lies off
Troezen, in exchange for
the oracle.
It is said that Phemonoe was the first
prophetess of Apollo at
Delphi. A Delphian woman, Boeo, says that the Hyperboreans Pagasus 1, Olen and Agyieus established the oracle of Apollo at Delphi and that Olen was
Apollo's first prophet. The seat of the oracle has
been described as a cave hollowed out deep down in
the earth with a narrow mouth, from which arose
breath that inspired a divine frenzy. Over the
mouth a high tripod was placed, and when the
Pythian priestess mounted it she received the
breath and uttered oracles, in both prose and
verse. The oracle at
Delphi was believed to be
the most truthful, also because it was placed in
the geographical centre of Greece or, as some
claimed, in the centre of the inhabited world; for
this reason it has been considered to be "the navel
of the earth". Many riches were deposited in
treasure-houses at Delphi, and these were offerings dedicated, for example, from spoils of war (see also Delphi). |
El Oráculo de Delfos
Del oráculo dice una pitonisa de Delfos que la primera que ejerció poderes proféticos fue Gea, que nombró a Dafnis 4, una ninfa de la montaña (Oréade), como profetisa. Luego ejerció Temis, y después la titánide Febe 1, que cedió la plaza de Delfos a Febo Apolo, llamado así por ella. Según otros, compartían el oráculo Gea y Poseidón, pero Temis se lo otorgó a Apolo, por lo que Poseidón, como compensación recibió Calaurea, que se encuentra cerca de Trecén.
Se dice que Femónoe fue la primera pitonisa de Apolo en Delfos. Cierta mujer de esta ciudad, Beo, dice que fueron los hiperbóreos Pagaso 1, Olén y Agieo, los que establecieron el oráculo de Apolo en Delfos, y que fue Olén el primer adivino del dios. Se ha descrito el sitio del oráculo como una cueva profunda en la tierra con una apertura angosta por la que subía el aliento que inspiraba el divino frenesí. Sobre la apertura se ubicaba un alto trípode, y montada sobre él, la pitonisa, al recibir el aliento, pronunciaba los oráculos, en prosa o en verso. Se creía que el oráculo de Delfos era el más veraz de todos, por estar ubicado en el centro geográfico de Grecia, o, al decir de otros, en el centro del mundo habitado. Por eso se le ha considerado «el ombligo del mundo». Muchas riquezas fueron ofrendadas y depositadas en los «tesoros» de Delfos (o edificios que las guardaban) que provenían, por ejemplo, de despojos bélicos (véase también Delfos). |
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The Bow
Archers regard Apollo as their lord, for this is
the god who, as they say, strikes from afar. And
when Philoctetes,
for example, came to Italy after the
Trojan War, he founded
a sanctuary of Apollo to whom he dedicated his bow.
This bow had been
Heracles 1's, but the
one used by Odysseus to
massacre the SUITORS
OF PENELOPE had been first given to King Eurytus 4 of Oechalia by Apollo. But Eurytus 4 (who was son of the archer Melaneus 5, himself son of Apollo) challenged Apollo to a contest with the bow and was killed by the wrath of the god. Others say that Eurytus 4 was slain by Heracles 1 for quite another reason, but in any case when Eurytus 4 died he left the bow to his son Iphitus 1 who, before being thrown down by Heracles 1 from the
walls of Tiryns, gave
Odysseus the bow; and
with it Odysseus ended
the SUITORS'
pestering of Penelope
bathing his halls in their blood.
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El arco
Los arqueros consideran a Apolo su señor,
pues, como es sabido, este dios dispara desde la
distancia. Así, por ejemplo, cuando
Filoctetes llegó a Italia luego de la Guerra
de Troya, fundó un santuario de Apolo en
donde ofrendó su arco.
Ese arco había pertenecido a Heracles 1, pero el que utilizó Odiseo para masacrar a los PRETENDIENTES DE PENÉLOPE, se lo había regalado el rey Éurito 4 de Ecalia, que a su vez lo había recibido de Apolo. Éurito 4 (hijo del arquero Melaneo 5, hijo de Apolo) desafió a Apolo a un certamen con el arco y fue derrotado por el encolerizado dios. Según otros, a Éurito 4 lo mató Heracles 1 por una razón completamente distinta. Sea como fuere, al morir, Éurito 4 le dejó el arco a su hijo Ífito 1, y éste, antes de ser arrojado por Heracles 1 de las murallas de Tirinto, se lo regaló a Odiseo, que con él puso fin al acoso de los PRETENDIENTES DE PENÉLOPE, bañando de sangre las salas de su palacio. |
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The Bow, Healing and Music
But when the god himself shoots his arrows with
his silver bow another is usually the result, as
when he and his sister, punishing the boasts and
insults of Amphion 1's wife Niobe 2, caused the Royal House of Thebes to be left
desolate by plague after shooting the
NIOBIDS from afar.
Likewise, in the tenth year of the
Trojan War, Apollo
came down from heaven darker than night (although
he is usually called the bright one) and, in order
to punish the arrogance of
Agamemnon who had
humiliated and dismissed one of his priests, the
god let his arrows rain on the Achaean camp,
decimating the army by means of a pestilence that
took many lives.
Such is the power of Apollo on the subject of
health, which otherwise could be thought to be
preserved by following the counsels of the same god
which were engraved upon a column at
Delphi: "Know yourself" and "Nothing in excess". For
these counsels are believed to preserve balance and
harmony, which are conditions of health. And
similarly: by bringing the same kind of consonance
and agreement among the sounds, the harmony of
music is created, just like the balance between the
fast and the slow appropriately combined produces
its rhythm. All these agreements, in both medicine
and music, although the works of
Love, are ruled by Apollo,
who has been called Musegetes (Leader of the
MUSES) on account of his
musical and inspiring gift.
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El arco, el arte de curar y la
música
Pero otros son los resultados cuando el mismo dios dispara sus flechas con su arco plateado. Junto con su hermana castigó la jactancia e insultos de Níobe 2, esposa de Anfión 1, disparando desde la distancia contra los NIÓBIDES, o sea, haciendo que la peste dejara desolada la casa real de Tebas.
De manera similar, en el décimo
año de la Guerra de Troya, descendió
Apolo del cielo más oscuro que la noche
(aunque se lo conoce como «el luminoso»)
para castigar la arrogancia de Agamenón, que
había humillado a uno de sus sacerdotes.
Dejó el dios que llovieran las flechas sobre
el campamento aqueo para decimar al ejército
con una peste que costó muchas vidas.
Tal es el poder de Apolo en asuntos de salud, la
cual puede también preservarse, si se siguen
los consejos del mismo dios, que estaban inscritos
en un columna de Delfos: «Conócete a tí
mismo» y «Nada en exceso».
Se cree que estos consejos preservan el equilibrio
y la armonía, condiciones de la salud. De
manera parecida, al ponerse de acuerdo y estar en
consonancia los distintos sonidos, se produce la
armonía de la música, mientras el
equilibrio entre la rapidez y la lentitud, al
combinarse adecuadamente, producen su ritmo. Todos
estos convenios, ya sea en la medicina o en la
música, los gobierna Apolo, aunque sean en
primer término las obras de Amor; y debido a
esos dones de la música y de la
inspiración, lleva Apolo el título
Musageta (guía de las MUSAS). |
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Apollo, who is a primary source of healing,
transmitted his powers to his son
Asclepius who in turn
carried the art among men to such a great pitch
that he not only prevented some from dying, but
even raised up the dead. This, they say, was not
approved by Zeus who,
fearing that mortals might acquire the healing art
from him and so come to the rescue of each other,
smote Asclepius with a
thunderbolt. Grieved at the death of his beloved
son, and not being able to raise his hand against
his own father, Apollo, in revenge, slew the
CYCLOPES who had
fashioned the thunderbolt with which
Zeus smote
Asclepius.
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Apolo, fuente primaria de la salud,
transmitió sus facultades a su hijo
Asclepio, que a su vez hizo avanzar las artes
curativas a tal punto que no sólo
impedía que algunos murieran, sino que
además resucitaba a los muertos.
Según dicen, esto no complacía a
Zeus, que temía que los mortales, al
aprender esas artes, se rescataran los unos a los
otros. Por eso fulminó a Asclepio con un
rayo. Apenado Apolo por la muerte de su hijo amado,
y no atreviéndose a alzar la mano contra su
padre, se vengó matando a los
CÍCLOPES, que habían fabricado el
rayo con que Zeus dio muerte a Asclepio. |
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Apollo the thrall obtains favour from the
MOERAE
On account of this deed
Zeus, who would have hurled
Apollo to Tartarus
had Leto not intervened,
ordered Apollo, as a penalty for having destroyed
the CYCLOPES, to serve as a thrall to a mortal man for one year. And this man came to be King Admetus 1 of Pherae, whom Apollo served as herdman. And since Apollo found he had been kindly treated when given in servitude to Admetus 1, he provided him with the wild beasts, with which Admetus 1 bore off Alcestis in marriage.
But in offering a sacrifice at his marriage, Admetus 1 forgot to sacrifice to Artemis, and consequently found his marriage chamber full of coiled serpents. Apollo bade King Admetus 1 appease the goddess and meanwhile, because Admetus 1 was such a kind master towards him, he obtained a special favour of the MOERAE, which was that when Admetus 1 should be about to die, he might be released from death if someone should choose voluntarily to die for him (see Alcestis). |
El siervo Apolo obtiene el favor de las
MOIRAS
Por ese crimen, Zeus habría arrojado a Apolo al Tártaro, pero al intervenir Leto en defensa de su hijo, se conformó el dios con ordenarle a Apolo que, por haber destruído a los CÍCLOPES, sirviera como esclavo a un mortal por el término de un año. Y el hombre al que debió servir—como pastor— resultó ser el rey Admeto 1 de Feras. Comprobó Apolo que había sido bien tratado durante el año de servidumbre, y agradecido le dio a Admeto 1 las bestias salvajes con las que se llevó a Alcestis en matrimonio.
Sin embargo, al hacer ofrendas por su boda, Admeto 1 se olvidó de sacrificarle a Artemisa, por lo que encontró su cámara nupcial llena de serpientes enroscadas. Apolo le recomendó a Admeto 1 que aplacara a la diosa. Y para beneficiar al que se había portado como un amo ejemplar, obtuvo Apolo un favor especial de las MOIRAS: que cuando Admeto 1 estuviera por morir, pudiera salvarse, si alguien escogiera voluntariamente morir en su lugar (véase Alcestis). |
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The Lyre
In the process of recovering the cattle that the
newborn Hermes had stolen
from him, Apollo discovered the lyre that
Hermes had invented and
was willing to give
Hermes the cattle in
exchange for the musical instrument. So they did,
and Hermes went pasturing
the cattle and he now made a shepherd's pipe for
himself; and this pipe was so amazing that Apollo
desired it too. So Apollo offered to give
Hermes the golden wand
which he used while he herded cattle, but in the
bargain Hermes received
from Apollo, besides the wand, the art of divining
by pebbles. The golden wand, the Caduceus, is a
splendid staff of riches and wealth, which keeps
Hermes scatheless.
But although Hermes
invented the three-stringed lyre, it was Apollo,
some say, who added four more strings to it. Yet
when Apollo quickly repented for what he had done
to Marsyas, he, being
distressed at his horrible deed, broke the four
strings of the lyre that he had discovered. These,
however, were later rediscovered by the
MUSES, when they added a
middle string, by one Linus, who added the string
struck with the forefinger, and by
Orpheus and Thamyris 1, who discovered the remaining two strings that Apollo had broken.
Otherwise it is said that it was Apollo who
taught Orpheus to play
the lyre, and they add that after the death of the
latter the instrument was put by the
MUSES among the stars (see also CONSTELLATIONS). |
La lira
Mientras recuperaba el rebaño que el
recién nacido Hermes le había robado,
descubrió Apolo la lira que aquel
había inventado, y propuso darle el
rebaño a cambio del instrumento musical.
Así lo hicieron, y Hermes se fue apacentando
el ganado, y fabricó un caramillo de pastor.
Y el caramillo le pareció a Apolo tan
sorprendente que también lo quiso para
sí. Le ofreció a Hermes la vara de
oro que usaba para pastorear el rebaño, pero
en el trato recibió Hermes, además de
la vara, el arte de adivinar con guijarrros. La
vara de oro—el caduceo—es un
espléndido bastón que le otorga
invulnerabilidad a Hermes.
Dicen algunos que aunque Hermes inventó
la lira de tres cuerdas, fue Apolo el que le
agregó cuatro más. Y estas cuerdas
las destruyó el mismo Apolo, al arrepentirse
del horrible sufrimiento que le infligió a
Marsias. La cuerda central fue más tarde
redescubierta por las MUSAS. Un tal Lino
redescubrió la que se toca con el dedo
índice, y Orfeo y Támiris
redescubrieron las restantes cuerdas que Apolo
había roto.
Por otra parte se dice que Apolo le enseñó a Orfeo a tocar la lira y que, al morir éste, las MUSAS pusieron al instrumento entre las estrellas (véase también CONSTELACIONES). |
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Concerning the musical contest between Apollo
and Marsyas some have
said that the latter was departing as victor when
Apollo turned his lyre upside down, and played the
same tune, a prowess that
Marsyas could not do
with the flute. But others tell that
Marsyas was defeated
when Apollo added his voice to the sound of the
lyre. Marsyas, they say,
protested arguing that the skill with the
instrument was to be compared and not the voice.
However, Apollo replied that when
Marsyas blew into the
pipes he was doing almost the same thing as
himself. And the argument presented by Apollo was
judged by the Nysaeans or by the
MUSES to be the most just,
and that is why, after comparing their skills
again, Marsyas was
defeated, and subsequently flayed alive by the god.
Some have said that it was on this occasion that
King Midas got the ears of
an ass for having judged against Apollo:
"You will have
ears to match the mind you have in judging"
(Apollo to
Midas. Hyginus,
Fabulae 191).
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Se ha dicho acerca del certamen musical entre
Apolo y Marsias que éste ya triunfaba cuando
se le ocurrió a Apolo tocar la misma
melodía con la lira al revés—una
proeza que Marsias no podía imitar con su
flauta. Según otros, Marsias fue vencido
cuando Apolo agregó su voz al sonido de la
lira. Marsias protestó, argumentando que la
destreza con el instrumento era objeto de
comparación, que no la voz. A eso
respondió Apolo que cuando Marsias soplaba
en los tubos de su flauta, hacía más
o menos lo mismo que él. El argumento de
Apolo fue considerado por los niseos o por las
MUSAS el más justo, y al compararse otra vez
sus destrezas, Marsias fue vencido, y el dios lo
desolló vivo. Se afirma que fue en esta
ocasión que el rey Midas obtuvo sus orejas
de burro, al juzgar en contra de Apolo:
«Conforme
a la inteligencia que tuviste al juzgar, así
tendrás las orejas.» (Apolo a Midas. Higino, Fábulas 191).
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The Laurel
Since Daphne 1,
pursued by Apollo, changed into a Laurel tree, the
god is associated with the Laurel. For it is said
that while Apollo pursued her, she implored to
Zeus to disappear from
sight, and as her prayers were heard, she was
turned into a laurel tree. That was all that
remained of her, but Apollo broke a branch from the
tree and placed it on his head declaring:
"Since you
cannot be my bride, you shall at least be my tree.
My hair, my lyre, my quiver shall always be
entwined with you, O laurel." (Apollo. Ovid, Metamorphoses 1.557). |
El laurel
Desde que Dafne 1, al ser perseguida por Apolo, se convirtió en un laurel, se asocia al dios con este árbol. A punto de ser alcanzada, le rogó ella a Zeus que la hiciera desaparecer. La plegaria fue escuchada y Dafne 1 se convirtió en un laurel. Nada más quedaba de ella. Apolo cortó una rama, se la puso en la cabeza y anunció:
«Como no
puedes ser mi esposa, serás al menos mi
árbol; siempre te tendrán a ti,
laurel, mi cabellera, mi cítara, mi
aljaba.» (Apolo. Ovidio, Metamorfosis 1.557). |
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Daphne 1 escapes Apollo by turning into a laurel tree | Dafne 1 se escapa de Apolo, convirtiéndose en un laurel
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Amours impossibles
Daphne 1 was not the
only girl to refuse Apollo:
For Marpessa 1 chose Idas 2 (the man who killed Castor 1, one of the DIOSCURI) before Apollo
as husband of fear that Apollo might desert her in
her Old Age.
And Coronis 2 preferred Ischys to Apollo, who learned about it when a crow told him that she had wedded Ischys. Then the god cursed the crow, that became black instead of white, and killed the still pregnant Coronis 2, snatching Asclepius (her child
by Apollo) from the funeral pyre as she was burning
in it.
Also Cassandra
refused Apollo after having promised to consent if
he would teach her the art of prophecy; but when
she, after having received the gift, still refused,
Apollo deprived her prophecy of the power to
persuade, thus making vain his gift. And so when
later Cassandra warned
the Trojans about the nature of the
WOODEN HORSE, nobody
listened and Troy was
destroyed by means of this clever device.
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Amores imposibles
Dafne 1 no fue la única que rechazó a Apolo:
Marpesa 1 eligió como marido a Idas 2 (el hombre que mató a Cástor 1, uno de los DIÓSCUROS) en lugar de Apolo porque temía que el dios la abandonara al llegar ella a su vejez.
Corónide 2 prefirió a Isquis en lugar de Apolo. Se enteró el dios por un cuervo que aquellos se habían casado. Apolo maldijo al cuervo, que de blanco se puso negro, y dio muerte a Corónide 2, que estaba encinta, rescatando a Asclepio (su hijo con Apolo) de la pila funeraria en que estaba siendo icinerada.
También Casandra rechazó a Apolo,
después de haberle prometido que
consentiría si él le enseñaba
el arte de la adivinación. Pero como luego
de haber recibido lo que pedía,
todavía lo rechazaba, Apolo la
despojó del poder de persuasión,
inutilizando el don. De este modo, cuando tiempo
después Casandra quiso advertir a los
troyanos sobre el CABALLO DE MADERA, nadie la
escuchó, y Troya fue destruída por
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Love for two young men
Apollo loved Hymenaeus 2 and this distraction gave Hermes a chance to
steal his brother's cattle.
He also loved
Hyacinthus 1; but
him the god involuntarily killed with the cast of a
quoit, and in the place where his blood had stained
the grass there sprang a flower.
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Amor por dos muchachos
Apolo amaba a Himeneo 2, distracción que le dio a Hermes oportunidad de hurtarle el rebaño a su hermano.
También se enamoró de Jacinto 1, a quien mató involuntariamente al arrojar un disco. En el lugar donde su sangre manchó la hierba, brotó una flor. |
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The Cypress
Of Cyparissus it is told that he could not find
consolation after the death of a stag who was dear
to him and, having asked Apollo for permission to
grieve for ever, the god turned him into a cypress
deciding that his place would always be where
others grieve. This is still so since cypresses are
a common sight in many cemeteries.
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El ciprés
Se dice de Cipariso que no podía
consolarse de la muerte de un ciervo. Le
rogó a Apolo que le concediera estar siempre
afligido, y el dios lo convirtió en un
ciprés, resolviendo que su lugar
estaría siempre en donde otros se lamentan.
Aún hoy esto es así, y se ven
cipreses en muchos cementerios. |
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Some interventions related to
Troy
It was Apollo and
Poseidon who fortified
Troy; for, as it is said, they wished to put King Laomedon 1 to the test. And so, assuming the likeness of mortal men, they undertook to fortify the city for wages. Yet when they had accomplished their work, the king would not pay their wages, and that is why Apollo sent a pestilence, and Poseidon sent a
sea-monster, which snatched away the people of the
plain.
Later, during the
Trojan War, Apollo
destroyed by pestilence a large part of the Achaean
army, in order to punish
Agamemnon, who, while refusing to give Chryseis 3 back to her father Chryses 3, humiliated him who was a priest of Apollo. And in the tenth year of the war Apollo, in conjunction with the archer Paris, killed
Achilles.
The god is also remembered for his warning to
Diomedes 2 who wounded
Aphrodite when she
protected Aeneas. The
goddess then handed over
Aeneas to Apollo, and as
Diomedes 2 persisted
in his attack, Apollo shouted at him:
"... Give way!
Do not aspire to be the equal of the gods. The
immortals are not made of the same stuff as men
that walk on the ground!" (Apollo to Diomedes 2. Homer,
Iliad 5.440).
Apollo is also held responsible for the death of
Laocoon 2 (who threw
his spear against the
WOODEN HORSE) and
his sons; for he sent snakes to kill his sons, and
in trying to help them,
Laocoon 2 was also
killed. But others say that these serpents were
sent by Athena.
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Algunas intervenciones relacionadas con
Troya
Se dice que Apolo y Poseidón fortificaron Troya para poner a prueba a Laomedonte 1. Adoptaron los dioses figuras de mortales y se pusieron a sueldo para fortificar la ciudad. Pero cuando terminaron la obra, el rey se negó a pagarles los salarios. Por ese motivo, Apolo envió una plaga, y Poseidón un monstruo marino que se llevaba a la gente de la llanura.
Tiempo después, durante la Guerra de Troya, Apolo destruyó, por medio de otra peste, a gran parte del ejército aqueo, para castigar a Agamenón, que se había negado a devolver a Criseida 3 a su padre, Crises 3, humillando a éste, que era sacerdote de Apolo. Y en el décimo año de guerra, Apolo dio muerte, junto con el arquero Paris, a Aquiles.
Se recuerda también como el dios amenazó a Diomedes 2, que había herido a Afrodita cuando ella protegía a Eneas. La diosa puso a Eneas bajo la protección de Apolo, que le gritó a Diomedes 2, al ver que éste persistía en su ataque:
«¡Tidida, piénsalo
mejor y retírate! No quieras igualarte a las
deidades, pues jamás fueron semejantes la
raza de los inmortales dioses y la de los hombres
que andan por la tierra.» (Apolo a Diomedes 2. Homero, Ilíada 5.440).
A Apolo se le responsabiliza también de la muerte de Laocoonte 2 (el que arrojó su lanza contra el CABALLO DE MADERA) y sus hijos, pues se supone que el dios envió serpientes para matarlos. Según otros, a esas serpientes las envió Atenea. |
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"a)", "b)", etc. = different versions. Hypermnestra 2 is daughter of Thestius 1. For Amphiaraus see also
SEVEN AGAINST
THEBES and Robe & Necklace of Harmonia 1.
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For Dryope 1 see NYMPHS.
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Acalle was loved by Apollo in the house of
Carmanor. Fearing the wrath of her father King
Minos 2 of
Crete, who drove her from
home to dwell in Libya, she exposed her son
Miletus.
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Apollo lay with Rhoeo but her father, believing
that her seduction was due to a man, was angry and
he shut up her in a chest and cast her into the
sea. However she gave birth at Delos, where the
chest was washed up. Anius was King of Delos and
priest of Apollo.
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Apis 2 took over power in the Peloponnesus, which he called after himself Apia, but being a stern tyrant he was conspired against and probably slain by his son Thelxion. |
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Cyrene is daughter of Hypseus 1, king of the LAPITHS. Aristaeus
received from the MUSES
the arts of healing and of prophecy. Grieved at the
death of Actaeon (who
was destroyed by his own dogs), he migrated to
Sardinia. He competed with his honey against the
wine of
Dionysus 2 but
Zeus gave the first prize
to the wine. Aristaeus also discovered the olive. After dwelling some time near Mount Haemus he never was seen again by men and received immortal honours. Aristaeus married Autonoe 2, daughter of Cadmus & Harmonia 1. |
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Stilbe is a daughter of the River God Peneus.
For Centaurus, who is also said to be the offspring
of Ixion and Nephele 1, see CENTAURS.
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Thero 2 is daughter of Phylas 2, son of Antiochus 1, son of Heracles 1. Chaeron is
the eponym of Chaeronea in Boeotia.
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Chryseis 3 is the daughter of the priest of Apollo Chryses 3. She is the one Agamemnon refused to
give back when her father demanded her. Because of
that refusal Apollo punished the Achaean army which
besieged Troy with pestilence. Chryses 4 is also said to be son of Agamemnon. This Chryses 4, on account of his family ties, intervened to save Orestes 2, son of
Agamemnon, by killing King Thoas 3 of Tauris, who threatened his life. |
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Cycnus 7 was loved by Phylius who brought him many gifts but. Cycnus 7 commanded him often to perform several tasks. But as Phylius refused one of them he cast himself from a cliff and was turned into a swan. Hyrie melted away in tears or else threw herself into a lake and was also turned into a swan. |
a) Celaeno 3
b) Thyia 1
c) Melaena
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After Delphus the city of
Delphi was named. Celaeno 3 is daughter of Hyamus, son of Lycorus, son of Apollo. Thyia 1 was Priestess of Dionysus 2 and the
first to celebrate orgies in his honour; she was
daughter of the Phocian Castalius. Melaena is
daughter of the River God Cephisus.
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Dorus 2 is father of Xanthippe 1, wife of Pleuron, after whom the city in Aetolia was named. Pleuron is son of Aetolus 2 & Pronoe 2 and brother of Calydon. Aetolus 2, who was king of Elis, killed Dorus 2. |
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Aethusa is daughter of
Poseidon & Alcyone 1. Eleuther 1 was a singer who won a Pythian victory for his loud and sweet voice. |
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Arsinoe 2 was daughter of Leucippus 2, son of Perieres 1 & Gorgophone 2. |
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Hilaira was a priestess of
Artemis.
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Evadne 3 is daughter of Poseidon & Pitana.
From Iamus descend the
diviners called Iamides.
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For Cyrene see
NYMPHS. Idmon 2 was a seer who is found among the ARGONAUTS. He was
killed by a boar, in the land of the Mariandynians,
or died of disease during the voyage with the
ARGONAUTS.
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Urea is a Nymph, daughter of
Poseidon.
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Creusa 1 is daughter of King Erechtheus of Athens. From
Ion 1 the Ionians derive
their name. Ion 1 died in
Attica helping the Athenians in their war against
the Eleusinians.
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Urania 2
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Urania 2 is one of the MUSES. Linus 1 (Oetolinus) won great reputation as a musician and master of eloquent speech. Some say Apollo killed him, for being his rival in singing. It is also said that Linus 1 was son of Amphimarus (son of Poseidon) & Urania 2. |
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Psamathe 2 is daughter of Crotopus, a king in Argolis. Linus 3 was exposed by his mother and destroyed by the sheep-dogs of Crotopus. Because of his death Apollo sent Poine (Vengeance) to punish the Argives. |
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Calliope is one of the
MUSES. Linus 4 taught Heracles 1 to play the
lyre, but Heracles 1
killed him with a blow of the lyre.
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Parthenope 2 is a Lelegian, daughter of Ancaeus 2, son of Poseidon and King of Samos. The Lelegians lived about the river Satnioeis in Asia Minor. Otherwise they were scattered over parts of Greece and Asia Minor. |
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King of the Dryopians (people living between the
Sperchius River and Mount Parnasus).
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a) Aria
b) Deione
c) Acalle
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Miletus is the founder of the city of Miletus.
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Manto 1, daughter of the seer Tiresias, is a seeress and Priestess of Apollo. Mopsus 2 was a diviner, who drove the Carians out of their country and defeated Calchas in the art of divination. He was killed in a fight with Amphilochus 2 (son of Alcmaeon 1, son of Amphiaraus, son of Oicles or Apollo). Mopsus 2 and Amphilochus 2 killed each other. |
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Oncius lived in Oncium in Thelpusian territory
in Arcadia.
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Parthenos hurled herself down from a rock in
fear of her father's severity as a swine destroyed
the wine she was watching,
and wine was a drink which
had only recently been discovered.
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a) Chione 2
b) Leuconoe 3
c) Philonis
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Both Apollo and Hermes fell in love with Chione 2 at the same time. Hermes touched her face
with his sleep-compelling wand and then made love
to her at once. But Apollo waited until night had
come and, assuming an old woman's form, made love
to her. Artemis killed Chione 2 for having criticized the goddess' beauty.
Leuconoe 3 is daughter of Eosphorus, who is Lucifer, that is the morning and evening star (Venus).
Philonis is sister of Chione 2, daughter of Daedalion, a cruel man.
Philammon was famous for his song and zither. He
was killed by an armed force of Phlegyans that
marched against the sanctuary at
Delphi.
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The child Philander was suckled by a goat.
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A priestess of Athena,
wife of Polydeuces, one of the
DIOSCURI.
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Phylacides was as a baby suckled by a goat.
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Syrus 1 became king of the Syrians, who were named after him. |
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Melia is one of the
OCEANIDS. Tenerus was
given the art of divination by Apollo.
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King of Tenedos. He was killed by
Achilles.
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Troilus, also called
son of Priam 1, was
killed by Achilles
during the Trojan War.
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Trophonius built, together with his brother, the
fourth temple of Apollo at
Delphi. One day the earth
opened and swallowed him.
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Syllis is a Nymph. Zeuxippus became king of
Sicyon when Phaestus 2 migrated to Crete.
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