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Caligula, 16 March 37 - 24 January 41 A.D., Philadelphia, Lydia
Older references identify imperial family members on the reverse but RPC identifies them as Dioscuri. RPC notes, "That the jugate busts probably do not represent Germanicus and Agrippina I, Germanicus and Agrippina as Apollo and Artemis, or Apollo and Artemis (see BMC; Imhoof-Blumer, LS, pp. 116-117; Trillmich, W. Familienpropaganda der Kaiser Caligula und Claudius. Agrippina Maior und Antonia Augusta auf Münzen, pp. 130-131) since the further figure can sometimes be seen to be laureate (e.g. 2023/1 = BMC 53). It must therefore be male, and the two interpreted as the Dioscuri, who had previously appeared on the coinage of Philadelphia." The Dioscuri are also found on the imperial coinage of Caligula. In addition, since the magistrate named on the reverse is a priest, religious symbolism would be appropriate. The facial features of the reverse busts do, however, resemble members of the family of Caligula. Perhaps the they are Nero and Drusus Caesars as the brothers Castor and Pollux.
SH32254. Bronze AE 17, RPC I 3023, F, grainy, Philadelphia (Amman, Jordan) mint, weight 3.704g, maximum diameter 16.6mm, die axis 0o, obverse ΓAIOΣ KAIΣAP, bare head right, star behind; reverse ΦIΛAΔEΛΦEΩN EΠMOΓENHΣ OΛYMΠIONIKHΣ, laureate and jugate busts of the Dioscuri right, palm frond behind; very scarce; SOLD
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