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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Greek Coins| ▸ |Geographic - All Periods| ▸ |Gaul||View Options:  |  |  |     

Ancient Coins of Gaul

Gaul was a historical region of Western Europe during the Iron Age that was inhabited by Celtic tribes, encompassing present day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, most of Switzerland and Netherlands, the Po Valley in Northern Italy, and the west bank of the Rhine in Germany. About 390 B.C., the Gauls invaded and sacked Rome. In 222 B.C., Cisalpine Gaul (the region between the Alps and the Po Valley) was conquered by the Romans. The best description of pre-Roman Gaul is in the first chapter of the Commentarii de Bello Gallico, by Julius Caesar, which begins: "All Gaul is divided into three parts, one of which the Belgae inhabit, the Aquitani another, those who in their own language are called Celts, in ours Gauls, the third. All these differ from each other in language, customs and laws..." Map of Gaul

Celts, Gaul, Leuci, c. 70 - 52 B.C.

|Celtic| |&| |Tribal|, |Celts,| |Gaul,| |Leuci,| |c.| |70| |-| |52| |B.C.||potin|
The Leuci were between the Mediomatrici on the north and the Lingones on the south, in the valley of the Upper Mosel. One of their chief towns was Tullum. They are mentioned once in Caesar; the Leuci, Sequani and Lingones were to supply Caesar with grain. Pliny gives them the title of Liberi. Lucan celebrates them in his poem as skilled in throwing the spear: "Optimus excusso Leucus Rhemusque lacerto."
CE40894. Cast potin, CCCBM III 398 - 404; Castelin 578 - 581, gVF, weight 2.750 g, maximum diameter 18.7 mm, die axis 90o, Boviolles? mint, c. 70 - 52 B.C.; obverse crude stylized head left with three locks of hair, wearing wreath; reverse boar left, two semicircles between legs on exergue line below; SOLD


Armoricans, Channel Islands, Celtic Gaul, c. 1st Century B.C.

|Celtic| |&| |Tribal|, |Armoricans,| |Channel| |Islands,| |Celtic| |Gaul,| |c.| |1st| |Century| |B.C.||stater|
CE43708. Billon stater, De la Tour 6598, F, rough reverse, weight 6.460 g, maximum diameter 19.4 mm, c. 75 - 50 B.C.; obverse Celticized head right; reverse stylized horse right, boar beneath; SOLD


Celtic, Senones, Gaul (Area of Sens, France), c. 100 - 50 B.C.

|Celtic| |&| |Tribal|, |Celtic,| |Senones,| |Gaul| |(Area| |of| |Sens,| |France),| |c.| |100| |-| |50| |B.C.||potin|
In about 400 B.C. the Senones crossed the Alps and, having driven out the Umbrians, settled on the east coast of Italy from Forlì to Ancona (ager Gallicus), and founded Sena Gallica (Senigallia) their capital. In 391 B.C., they invaded Etruria and besieged Clusium. The Clusines appealed to Rome, which led to war. In 390 B.C. (or 387 B.C.), the Senones routed the Roman army at Allia and then sacked Rome. For more than 100 years the Senones were engaged in hostilities with Rome. They were finally subdued in 283 B.C. by P. Cornelius Dolabella and driven from Italy. In Gaul, from 53 to 51 B.C., the Senones engaged in hostilities with Julius Caesar, brought about by their expulsion of Cavarinus, whom he had appointed their king. In 51 B.C., a Senonian named Drappes threatened the Provincia, but was captured and starved himself to death. Their chief towns were Agedincum (later Senones, whence Sens), Metiosedum (Melun?), and Vellaunodunum (site uncertain).
CE89367. Cast potin, CCCBM III S402, Delestrée-Tache 2640, De La Tour 7417, aVF, well centered, earthen deposits, weight 4.268 g, maximum diameter 18.3 mm, die axis 45o, c. 100 - 50 B.C.; obverse head of "wild man warrior" right, six locks of hair; reverse Celtic horse galloping left, pellet left and pellet below; scarce; SOLD


Celtic, Volcae-Arecomici, Gaul, 77 - 44 B.C.

|Celtic| |&| |Tribal|, |Celtic,| |Volcae-Arecomici,| |Gaul,| |77| |-| |44| |B.C.||AE| |14|
The Volcae Arecomici surrendered of their own accord to the Roman Republic in 121 B.C., after which they occupied the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis (the area around modern day Narbonne), the southern part of Gallia Transalpina. They held their assemblies in the sacred wood of Nemausus, the site of modern Nîmes.
GB90907. Bronze AE 14, CCCBM III 215 - 230, Castelin 109-110, De la Tour 2677, Depeyrot NC I 142, SNG Dreer 77, Blanchet fig. 475, VF, green patina, tight flan, weight 1.344 g, maximum diameter 14.3 mm, die axis 180o, Nemausus(?) mint, 77 - 44 B.C.; obverse VOLCAE, diademed head of Artemis right; reverse togate male standing slightly left, palm frond before, AREC upwards on right; SOLD


Julius Caesar and Octavian, Second Triumvirate, 36 B.C., Vienne, Gaul

|Gaul|, |Julius| |Caesar| |and| |Octavian,| |Second| |Triumvirate,| |36| |B.C.,| |Vienne,| |Gaul||cut| |half| |dupondius| |(as)|
Vienne is in south-eastern France, 20 miles (32 km) south of Lyon, on the Rhone River. Before the arrival of the Roman armies under Julius Caesar, Vienne was the capital city of the Allobroges. RPC misspells the name, Vienna.

The denomination struck at Vienne was a dupondius and the type was frequently halved to make two asses.
RP88134. Bronze cut half dupondius (as), cut half of RPC I 517, SNG Cop -, aF, rough, weight 13.623 g, maximum diameter 29.3 mm, Gaul, Vienne mint, 36 B.C.; obverse IMP / CAESAR DIVI F DIVI IVLI, bare heads of Julius Caesar left [and Octavian right (off flan)]; reverse C I V (Colonia Iulia Viennensis), prow right with superstructure; budget Julius Caesar portrait; SOLD


Massalia, Gaul, 4th Century B.C.

|Gaul|, |Massalia,| |Gaul,| |4th| |Century| |B.C.||obol|

GS17168. Silver obol, SNG Delepierre 51, SNG Cop 723, VF, nice metal, weight 0.689 g, maximum diameter 11.7 mm, Massalia, Gaul (Marseilles, France) mint, 4th century B.C.; obverse young head of Apollo left; reverse wheel of four spokes; MA within; SOLD


Massalia, Gaul, c. 149 - 40 B.C.

|Gaul|, |Massalia,| |Gaul,| |c.| |149| |-| |40| |B.C.||AE| |15|
GB80741. Bronze AE 15, Lindgren 131, SNG Cop 810, De La Tour 1673, F, weight 2.300 g, maximum diameter 14.9 mm, die axis 225o, Massalia, Gaul (Marseilles, France) mint, c. 149 - 40 B.C.; obverse head of Apollo right; reverse MAΣΣ, bull butting to right; SOLD


Celts, Gaul, Sequani, c. 100 - 50 B.C.

|Celtic| |&| |Tribal|, |Celts,| |Gaul,| |Sequani,| |c.| |100| |-| |50| |B.C.||quinarius|
Some of the Celtic tribes that maintained close relations with Rome issued equivalent coins to facilitate trade. The Sequani asked for Caesar's help against Ariovistus but later they joined Vercingetorix' party against Caesar at Alesia.
CE57615. Silver quinarius, De la Tour 5550, VF, off-center, weight 1.958 g, maximum diameter 13.1 mm, obverse TOGIRIX, helmeted head left (Roma?); reverse TOGIRIX, horse galloping left; toned; SOLD


Celts, Leuci, Eastern Central Gaul, c. 100 - 55 B.C.

|Celtic| |&| |Tribal|, |Celts,| |Leuci,| |Eastern| |Central| |Gaul,| |c.| |100| |-| |55| |B.C.||potin|
The Leuci were between the Mediomatrici on the north and the Lingones on the south, in the valley of the Upper Mosel. One of their chief towns was Tullum. They are mentioned once in Caesar; the Leuci, Sequani and Lingones were to supply Caesar with grain. Pliny gives them the title of Liberi. Lucan celebrates them in his poem as skilled in throwing the spear: "Optimus excusso Leucus Rhemusque lacerto."
CE53996. Cast potin, CCBM III 303, Delestrée-Tache 229, de la Tour 9155, Scheers 187, aVF, edge chips, pits, weight 2.986 g, maximum diameter 19.8 mm, die axis 255o, c. 100 - 55 B.C.; obverse helmeted head left, floral ornament before; reverse bull butting right, fleur-de-lis above; scarce type; SOLD


Celts, Gaul, Ambiani, 100 - 50 B.C.

|Celtic| |&| |Tribal|, |Celts,| |Gaul,| |Ambiani,| |100| |-| |50| |B.C.||AE| |14|

CE17622. Bronze AE 14, De la Tour 8403, VF, weight 1.568 g, maximum diameter 14.0 mm, die axis 285o, c. 1st century B.C.; obverse head right; reverse facing head above horse; green patina; SOLD




    




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REFERENCES

Allen, D. Catalogue of Celtic Coins in the British Museum. (London, 1987-1990).
Babelon, E. Traité des Monnaies Grecques et Romaines. (Paris, 1901-1932).
Brenot, C. "Marseille et les réseaux phocéens. Remarques sur le témoignage des monnaies" in Atti delll'IX convengno del centro internazionale di studi numismatici - Napoli 25-27 Ottobre 1996. (Rome, 2002).
Burnett, A., M. Amandry, et al. Roman Provincial Coinage. (1992 - ).
Castelin, K. Keltische Münzen: Katalog der Samlung im Schweizerischen Landesmuseum Zürich. (Zurich, 1978).
Chevillon, J.-A. "La Phase Postarchaïque du monnayage de Massalia" in RN 169 (2012).
Cottam, E., et al. Ancient British Coins. (Norfolk, UK, 2010).
de la Tour, H. Atlas de monnaies Gauloises. (Paris, 1892).
Delestrée, L.-P. & M. Tache. Nouvel atlas des monnaies Gauloises. (Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 2002 - 2008).
Depeyrot, G. Les monnaies hellénistiques de Marseille. (Wetteren, 1999).
Furtwängler, A. "Massalia im 5. Jh. v. Chr.: Tradition und Neuorientierung" in Massing-Petit.
Furtwängler, A. Monnaies grecques en Gaule. Typos III. (Fribourg, 1978).
Kellner, H. "Keltische Münzen: Bemerkungen zur Situation der Forschung" in Passauer Jahrbuch 26 (1984).
Lindgren, H. Ancient Greek Bronze Coins: European Mints. (San Mateo, 1989).
Lindgren, H. Ancient Greek Bronze Coins. (Quarryville, 1993).
Maurel, G. Corpus des monnaies de Marseille Provence - Languedoc oriental - Vallée du Rhône, 525-20 av. J.-C. (France, 2019).
Sear, D. Roman Coins and Their Values, Vol. One: The Republic and the The Twelve Caesars 280 BC - AD 86. (London, 2000).
Scheers, S. La Gaule Belgique: Numismatique Celtique. (Louvian, 1983).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Denmark, The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum, Vol. 8: Egypt, N. Africa, Spain-Gaul. (West Milford, NJ, 1994).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, München Staatlische Münzsammlung, Part 1: Hispania, Gallia Narbonensis. (Berlin, 1968).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, Münzsammlung Universität Tübingen, Part 1: Hispania-Sikelia. (1981).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, Sammlung der Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig. (München, 1993 - 2008).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, France, Bibliothèque National, Collection Jean et Marie Delepierre. (Paris, 1983).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain, Volume III, R.C. Lockett Collection, Part 1: Spain-Italy. (1938).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain, Volume IV, Fitzwilliam Museum, Leake and General Collections. Part 1: Spain (Emporiae, Rhoda) - Italy. (1940).
Victoor, R. Roulles Celtes et Objets Assimilés. (Rosendaël-lez-Dunkerque, 1989).

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