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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Greek Coins| ▸ |Geographic - All Periods| ▸ |Gaul||View Options:  |  |  |     

Ancient Coins of Gaul

Gaul was a historical region of Western Europe during the Iron Age that was inhabited by Celtic tribes, encompassing present day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, most of Switzerland and Netherlands, the Po Valley in Northern Italy, and the west bank of the Rhine in Germany. About 390 B.C., the Gauls invaded and sacked Rome. In 222 B.C., Cisalpine Gaul (the region between the Alps and the Po Valley) was conquered by the Romans. The best description of pre-Roman Gaul is in the first chapter of the Commentarii de Bello Gallico, by Julius Caesar, which begins: "All Gaul is divided into three parts, one of which the Belgae inhabit, the Aquitani another, those who in their own language are called Celts, in ours Gauls, the third. All these differ from each other in language, customs and laws..." Map of Gaul

Celtic, Uncertain Tribe, Central Gaul, Potin "Wheel Money," c. 1st Century B.C.

|Celtic| |&| |Tribal|, |Celtic,| |Uncertain| |Tribe,| |Central| |Gaul,| |Potin| |"Wheel| |Money,"| |c.| |1st| |Century| |B.C.||Cast| |potin|
CE111769. Cast potin, cf. Victoor IX-2b; four spoked wheel, gVF, green patina, weight 1.510 g, maximum diameter 14.4 mm, SOLD


Celts, Gaul, Remi Tribe, c. 100 - 50 B.C.

|Celtic| |&| |Tribal|, |Celts,| |Gaul,| |Remi| |Tribe,| |c.| |100| |-| |50| |B.C.||AE| |17|
The Remi were a Belgic people of north-eastern Gaul, with their capital at Durocortum (Reims, France). They were renowned for their horses and cavalry. The Remi allied themselves with Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars and were one of the few tribes not to join the rebellion of Vercingetorix.
CE69916. Bronze AE 17, CCCBM III 53, SGCV I 137, De la Tour 8040, Delestrée-Tache 593, Castelin 331, Depeyrot NC VII 24, VF, weight 3.458 g, maximum diameter 17.3 mm, die axis 270o, Durocortum (Reims, France) mint, c. 100 - 50 B.C.; obverse REMO (downward on left), three young male jugate busts left; reverse Victory in a biga galloping left, REMO below; SOLD


Celtic, Remi Tribe, Gaul, Area of Modern Reims, France, c. 100 - 50 B.C.

|Celtic| |&| |Tribal|, |Celtic,| |Remi| |Tribe,| |Gaul,| |Area| |of| |Modern| |Reims,| |France,| |c.| |100| |-| |50| |B.C.||Cast| |potin|
Potin has no intrinsic value, so the caste potin coinage of the Gaulish Celts was fiat money (like the dollar bill, it has no value except that it is accepted in trade). There were no weight standards. Each type was accepted only by the tribe that issued it.
CE01629. Cast potin, De La Tour 8124, SGCV I 136,, VF, weight 7.4 g, maximum diameter 22.3 mm, die axis 180o, obverse warrior king walking right holding torc and spear, reverse bear right attacking a snake, snake above; scarce; SOLD


Celtic, Ring Money, c. 800 - 100 B.C.

|Ring| |Money|, |Celtic,| |Ring| |Money,| |c.| |800| |-| |100| |B.C.||Ring| |Money|
Ring money of bronze, of silver, and of gold was used by the Celts in trade from Ireland to the Danube region. The dating of Celtic ring money is uncertain. Some authorities date the use of ring money from as early as 800 B.C. and it may have been used as late as 100 B.C. Some believe the bronze rings are actually just strap fittings, not a trade currency. Bronze rings are, however, sometimes found in quite large hoards and, in Spain, they are sometimes found with silver bar and disk ingots, and with 2nd century B.C. denarii of the Roman Republic. Undoubtedly they were used as fittings but they were also undoubtedly used as a store of wealth and for trade.
CE70789. Bronze Ring Money, plain ring, cf. Victoor I - 1b, Alvarez-Burgos P15, weight 63.932 g, maximum diameter 45.3 mm, SOLD


Gallic Tribes, Volcae-Arecomici, Nimes Area, Gaul, c. 120 - 49 B.C., Imitating Massalia

|Gaul|, |Gallic| |Tribes,| |Volcae-Arecomici,| |Nimes| |Area,| |Gaul,| |c.| |120| |-| |49| |B.C.,| |Imitating| |Massalia||obol|
Lighter cruder specimens of this head of Apollo / wheel type, have traditionally been identified as very late obols struck at Massalia. More recent research indicates finds are overwhelmingly centered in an area west of Massalia. They were almost certainly struck by the Volcae Arecomici, a Gallic tribe dwelling between the Rhône and the Hérault rivers, around present-day Nîmes.
GS99626. Silver obol, cf. Maurel 493, VF, dark toning, flow lines, flan much smaller than the dies, weight 0.540 g, maximum diameter 9.5 mm, die axis 0o, Volcae-Arecomici mint, c. 120 - 49 B.C.; obverse crude bare head of Apollo left (nose, mouth and chin off flan); reverse four-spoke wheel, between spokes M-A; ex CNG, ex Richard L. Horst Collection; SOLD


Celtic, Gaul, The Volcae Tectosages, c. 100 - 50 B.C.

|Celtic| |&| |Tribal|, |Celtic,| |Gaul,| |The| |Volcae| |Tectosages,| |c.| |100| |-| |50| |B.C.||drachm|
The capital of the Volcae Tectosages tribe was Tolosa, modern Toulouse.
CE21150. Silver drachm, De la Tour 3132, aVF, weight 2.255 g, maximum diameter 13.9 mm, Tolosa? mint, obverse head left "Typ à tête cubiste", dolphins before; reverse cross with symbols; SOLD


Celtic, Ring Money, c. 800 - 100 B.C.

|Celtic| |&| |Tribal|, |Celtic,| |Ring| |Money,| |c.| |800| |-| |100| |B.C.||Ring| |Money|
Ring money of bronze, of silver, and of gold was used by the Celts in trade from Ireland to the Danube region. The dating of Celtic ring money is uncertain. Some authorities date the use of ring money from as early as 800 B.C. and it may have been used as late as 100 B.C. Some believe the bronze rings are actually just strap fittings, not a trade currency. Bronze rings are, however, sometimes found in quite large hoards and, in Spain, they are sometimes found with silver bar and disk ingots, and with 2nd century B.C. denarii of the Roman Republic. Undoubtedly they were used as fittings but they were also undoubtedly used as a store of wealth and for trade.
CE90929. Bronze Ring Money, very large ring, globules on outer edge, cf. Victoor II - 1a (smaller), weight 56.482 g, maximum diameter 61.9 mm, SOLD


Celts, The Allobroges, Rhone Valley, Gaul, Late 1st Century B.C.

|Celtic| |&| |Tribal|, |Celts,| |The| |Allobroges,| |Rhone| |Valley,| |Gaul,| |Late| |1st| |Century| |B.C.||quinarius|
CE40877. Silver quinarius, CCCBM II 277 ff., de la Tour 5795, VF, weight 1.895 g, maximum diameter 15.7 mm, die axis 180o, obverse [DVRNACOS], helmeted head of Roma right; reverse DONNVS, rider on horse galloping right, spear in right hand, DONNVS below; ex ACCG Benefit Auction, 17 Aug 2008, lot 1; SOLD


Nemausus, Gaul, 120 - 60 B.C.

|Celtic| |&| |Tribal|, |Nemausus,| |Gaul,| |120| |-| |60| |B.C.||AE| |15|
The Volcae Arecomici surrendered of their own accord to the Roman Republic in 121 B.C., after which they occupied the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis (the area around modern day Narbonne), the southern part of Gallia Transalpina. They held their assemblies in the sacred wood of Nemausus, the site of modern Nîmes.
GB67906. Bronze AE 15, CCBM III 204 - 212; De la Tour 2698; Castelin 119; Blanchet 436, fig. 476; SNG Cop -; SNG Dreer -, VF, green patina, tight flan, weight 1.827 g, maximum diameter 14.5 mm, die axis 180o, Nemausus (Nimes, France) mint, 120 - 60 B.C.; obverse head of Apollo left; reverse boar left, NAMA/SAT starting above, the second line in exergue; SOLD


Massalia, Gaul, c. 121 - 49 B.C.

|Gaul|, |Massalia,| |Gaul,| |c.| |121| |-| |49| |B.C.||obol|
Based on weight and hoard evidence, Depeyrot identifies this style without sideburns as a late issue.

Massalia thrived as a port linking inland Gaul, hungry for Roman goods and wine, with Rome, and its insatiable need for products and slaves. The city lost its independence in 49 B.C. after it joined Pompey and the optimates, the losing side in the civil war with Julius Caesar.
RS73939. Silver obol, Depeyrot Marseille 58, SNG Cop 724, SNG Tüb 131, SNG Leipzig 10, VF, irregular ragged flan, weight 0.594 g, maximum diameter 13.9 mm, die axis 135o, Massalia, Gaul (Marseilles, France) mint, c. 121 - 49 B.C.; obverse youthful head of Apollo left, without sideburns, border of dots; reverse wheel with four spokes, M-A in two of the quarters; SOLD




    




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REFERENCES

Allen, D. Catalogue of Celtic Coins in the British Museum. (London, 1987-1990).
Babelon, E. Traité des Monnaies Grecques et Romaines. (Paris, 1901-1932).
Brenot, C. "Marseille et les réseaux phocéens. Remarques sur le témoignage des monnaies" in Atti delll'IX convengno del centro internazionale di studi numismatici - Napoli 25-27 Ottobre 1996. (Rome, 2002).
Burnett, A., M. Amandry, et al. Roman Provincial Coinage. (1992 - ).
Castelin, K. Keltische Münzen: Katalog der Samlung im Schweizerischen Landesmuseum Zürich. (Zurich, 1978).
Chevillon, J.-A. "La Phase Postarchaïque du monnayage de Massalia" in RN 169 (2012).
Cottam, E., et al. Ancient British Coins. (Norfolk, UK, 2010).
de la Tour, H. Atlas de monnaies Gauloises. (Paris, 1892).
Delestrée, L.-P. & M. Tache. Nouvel atlas des monnaies Gauloises. (Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 2002 - 2008).
Depeyrot, G. Les monnaies hellénistiques de Marseille. (Wetteren, 1999).
Furtwängler, A. "Massalia im 5. Jh. v. Chr.: Tradition und Neuorientierung" in Massing-Petit.
Furtwängler, A. Monnaies grecques en Gaule. Typos III. (Fribourg, 1978).
Kellner, H. "Keltische Münzen: Bemerkungen zur Situation der Forschung" in Passauer Jahrbuch 26 (1984).
Lindgren, H. Ancient Greek Bronze Coins: European Mints. (San Mateo, 1989).
Lindgren, H. Ancient Greek Bronze Coins. (Quarryville, 1993).
Maurel, G. Corpus des monnaies de Marseille Provence - Languedoc oriental - Vallée du Rhône, 525-20 av. J.-C. (France, 2019).
Sear, D. Roman Coins and Their Values, Vol. One: The Republic and the The Twelve Caesars 280 BC - AD 86. (London, 2000).
Scheers, S. La Gaule Belgique: Numismatique Celtique. (Louvian, 1983).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Denmark, The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum, Vol. 8: Egypt, N. Africa, Spain-Gaul. (West Milford, NJ, 1994).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, München Staatlische Münzsammlung, Part 1: Hispania, Gallia Narbonensis. (Berlin, 1968).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, Münzsammlung Universität Tübingen, Part 1: Hispania-Sikelia. (1981).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, Sammlung der Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig. (München, 1993 - 2008).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, France, Bibliothèque National, Collection Jean et Marie Delepierre. (Paris, 1983).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain, Volume III, R.C. Lockett Collection, Part 1: Spain-Italy. (1938).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain, Volume IV, Fitzwilliam Museum, Leake and General Collections. Part 1: Spain (Emporiae, Rhoda) - Italy. (1940).
Victoor, R. Roulles Celtes et Objets Assimilés. (Rosendaël-lez-Dunkerque, 1989).

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