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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Greek Coins| ▸ |Hellenistic Monarchies| ▸ |Nabataean Kingdom||View Options:  |  |  |   

Nabataean Kingdom

The early Nabataeans forsook all building and agriculture because those who possess these things, in order to retain them, are easily compelled by the powerful to do their bidding. Rather than fight invaders, they would go into the desert, where only they could survive, and wait for the invaders to leave. Aretas II was a contemporary of Alexander Jannaeus. Aretas III was the first to issue coins, which he began after he defeated the Seleucid army in 84 B.C. and the council of Damascus asked him to govern their city. A Roman army under Marcus Aemilius Scaurus defeated Aretas III and besieged Petra, but paying a tribute, Aretas received formal recognition by the Roman Republic. The kingdom was slowly surrounded by the expanding Roman Empire, who conquered Egypt and annexed Judea, but wealthy from incense trade, Nabataea paid tribute and retained independence. The Nabataeans fought against Herod and also provided forces to the Romans during the Second Jewish Revolt. After the last Nabataean king, Rabbel II, died in 106 A.D., Trajan incorporated Nabataea into the Roman province Arabia Petraea. One of the latest known Nabataean language inscriptions, from 191 A.D., records "...This in the year 85 of the Eparchy [Roman Rule], in which Arabs destroyed the land." It seems likely that raiding Arab tribes extinguished what remained of a weakened Nabataean culture. The_Treasury

Nabataean Kingdom, Syllaeus and Aretas IV, 9 B.C.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Syllaeus| |and| |Aretas| |IV,| |9| |B.C.||1/4| |drachm| |or| |denarius|
Aretas IV was probably the son of Obodas III, but this is not certain. Syllaeus was chief minister for Obodas III and initially shared rule with Aretas after Obodas death. But the rulers of Nabataea served under the authority of Rome and Rome, begrudging Syllaeus as an enemy, did not approve. In 24 B.C. Syllaeus had betrayed Rome causing the near complete massacre of a Roman army sent into Arabia Felix. Syllaeus was called to the court at Rome, where in 6 B.C. he was convicted of treason and Obodas' murder. He was beheaded and his body was pitched from the Tarpeian Rock.
SH12877. Silver 1/4 drachm or denarius, Barkay CN 76; Al-Qatanani 61, Meshorer Nabataean Sup. 4; Schmitt-Korte III pl. 10, Choice VF, weight 1.069 g, maximum diameter 12.0 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 9 B.C.; obverse diademed head of Obodas II, Syllaes' Nabataean letter shin behind; reverse S (shin = Syllaeus) and H (heth = Aretas) in wreath; very rare; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV and Huldu, 9 B.C. - 15 or 16 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Aretas| |IV| |and| |Huldu,| |9| |B.C.| |-| |15| |or| |16| |A.D.||drachm|
Possibly struck in the year of Christ's birth! Jesus was born sometime between 6 B.C. and 4 B.C. Matthew describes King Herod as the ruler during the time of the Nativity, and Herod died in 4 B.C. Later, in order to kill Jesus and eliminate him as a rival king, Herod ordered the "Massacre of the Innocents" - the killing of all male children in Bethlehem aged two years and under. This means that Jesus may have been up to two years old already by that time, and this also sets the Nativity between 6 and 4 B.C.
SH51930. Silver drachm, Al-Qatanani 82t1 (this coin); Schmitt-Korte II 57, Meshorer Nabataean 65 var. (numeral date), Cohen Dated 973 var. (same), VF, flat strike areas, weight 4.293 g, maximum diameter 16.6 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 4 - 3 B.C.; obverse Nabataean legend, "Aretas, king of the Nabataeans, lover of his people" (counterclockwise), laureate and draped bust of Aretas IV right, with long wavy hair combed behind his ears; reverse Nabataean legend, "Huldu, queen of the Nabataeans, year six" (year spelled out, counterclockwise), veiled bust of Huldu right, flanked by Nabataean O (ayin) right and H (heth) left across lower field; very rare with year six spelled out vice the Nabataean numeral; SOLD


Roman Republic, First Triumvirate, Marcus Aemilius Scaurus & Publius Plautius Hypsaeus, 58 B.C.

|99-50| |B.C.|, |Roman| |Republic,| |First| |Triumvirate,| |Marcus| |Aemilius| |Scaurus| |&| |Publius| |Plautius| |Hypsaeus,| |58| |B.C.||denarius|
M. Aemilius Scaurus, in 62 B.C., as quaestor to Pompey, was sent against King Aretas but withdrew when Aretas paid 300 talents. This was the first time a moneyer publicized his own career on coinage. Aemilius was curule aedile when this coin was struck. This was the first time a moneyer publicized an event from his own career on coinage. Later he was praetor and propraetor, lost a campaign for Consul, and successfully defended Cicero. In 52 B.C., he was charged with bribery and went into exile.
RR91807. Silver denarius, BMCRR Rome 3878 (also HYPSAEVE), Crawford 422/1b var., Sydenham 913 var., RSC I Aemilia 8 var., Russo RBW 1519 var., SRCV I 379 var., Choice gVF, deep old cabinet toning, well centered on the usual tight flan, weight 3.945 g, maximum diameter 17.8 mm, die axis 270o, Rome mint, 58 B.C.; obverse Aretas, King of Nabataea, kneeling beside camel, holding reins and raising olive branch with fillet, M·SCAVR over AED·CVR above, EX - S C at sides, REX ARETAS in exergue; reverse Jupiter in quadriga left, reins in right, hurling thunderbolt with left, scorpion below, P HYPSAEVE / AED CVR above, CAPTV on right, C HYPSAE COS / PREIVE in exergue; ex Savoca Numismatik auction 31 (10 March 2019), lot 392; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Obodas II, 30 - 9 B.C.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Obodas| |II,| |30| |-| |9| |B.C.||drachm|
Obodas' reign was an era of cultural flowering for the Nabatean kingdom. Most of its temples were built during his reign, including the temple at Avdat. During his rule the Romans attempted to discover the sources of the perfume and spice trade.
SH43432. Silver drachm, cf. Huth 55; Hoover and Barkay 23; Meshorer Nabataea Sup. 3 (Obodas III); BMC Arabia p. 4, 2 - 3 (same); Cohen DCA 965 (same), gVF, flat strike areas, weight 4.462 g, maximum diameter 17.7 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 19 - 10 B.C.; obverse Jugate diademed busts of Obodas and Hagaru right; Nabataean letter heth behind; reverse Nabatean legend: "Obodas, king of Nabataea", laureate head of Obodas right, Nabataean letter heth and date behind (off flan); SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV, 9 B.C. - 40 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Aretas| |IV,| |9| |B.C.| |-| |40| |A.D.||drachm|
Aretas IV Philopatris was the greatest Nabataean king, ruling S. Palestine, most of Trans-Jordan, N. Arabia, and Damascus. During his reign, large religious centers - also serving as banks and trade clearinghouses - were established on the Hauran, in Petra, and at Avdat. Aretas was married to Huldu when he became king. Her profile was featured on coins until 16 A.D. After a short gap, the face of his second wife, Shuqailat, appeared on the coins. Aretas's daughter married Herod Antipas, tetrarch of the Galilee. When Antipas took another wife, Herodias, Aretas's daughter returned to her father, who went to war against Antipas and defeated him. The episode led to the beheading of John the Baptist. Antipas appealed to Tiberius, who dispatched the governor of Syria to attack Aretas. Paul mentions Aretas in connection with his visit to Damascus when he had to to be lowered from the wall in a basket to escape. Al-Khazneh, the treasury, one of the most elaborate buildings in Petra, is believed to have been Aretas' mausoleum.
SH11741. Silver drachm, Al-Qatanani 100 (this coin); cf. Meshorer 96 (year 27) and 97 ("o" right on rev), Schmitt-Korte -, SNG ANS -, BMC Arabia -, gVF, weight 4.555 g, maximum diameter 15.0 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 19 - 20 A.D.; obverse Nabataean legend, "Aretas, king of the Nabataeans, the lover of his people", laureate and draped bust of Aretas right; reverse Nabataean legend, "Shuqailat, queen of the Nabataeans, year 28", veiled and draped bust of Shuqailat right; slightly flat reverse strike but better than usual for the Petra mint; extremely rare; SOLD


Roman Republic, First Triumvirate, Marcus Aemilius Scaurus & Publius Plautius Hypsaeus, 58 B.C.

|99-50| |B.C.|, |Roman| |Republic,| |First| |Triumvirate,| |Marcus| |Aemilius| |Scaurus| |&| |Publius| |Plautius| |Hypsaeus,| |58| |B.C.||denarius|
M. Aemilius Scaurus, in 62 B.C., as quaestor to Pompey, was sent against King Aretas but withdrew when Aretas paid 300 talents. Aemilius was curule aedile when this coin was struck. This was the first time a moneyer publicized an event from his own career on coinage. Later he was praetor and propraetor, lost a campaign for Consul, and successfully defended Cicero. In 52 B.C., he was charged with bribery and went into exile.
RR97640. Silver denarius, Crawford 422/1b, Sydenham 913, RSC I Aemilia 8, Russo RBW 1519, SRCV I 379, gVF, toned, centered on a tight flan cutting off parts of inscriptions and camel's head, weight 4.021 g, maximum diameter 16.9 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 58 B.C.; obverse Aretas, King of Nabataea, kneeling beside camel raising olive branch with fillet, M·SCAVR over AED·CVR above, EX - S C divided across field, REX ARETAS in exergue; reverse Jupiter in quadriga left, reins in right, hurling thunderbolt with left, scorpion below, P·HYPSAEVS over AED·CVR above, CAPT on right, C·HYPSAE·COS over PREIVE in exergue; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV and Huldu, 9 B.C. - 15 or 16 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Aretas| |IV| |and| |Huldu,| |9| |B.C.| |-| |15| |or| |16| |A.D.||drachm|
The date, at the end of the reverse legend, is off flan. We were unable to find a definite die match, but the style and epigraphy seem most similar to specimens from year 14. Until a definite die match is identified, the date will remain less than certain.
GS111367. Silver drachm, cf. Barkay CN 139 (year 14), Al-Qatanani 90 (year 14), Meshorer Nabataean 86 (year 14), Cohen dated 973, VF, toned, off center, edge crack, weight 4.346 g, maximum diameter 15.9 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 5 - 6 A.D.(?); obverse Nabataean legend, "Aretas, king of the Nabataeans, lover of his people" (counterclockwise), laureate and draped bust of Aretas IV right, with long wavy hair combed behind his ears, Nabataean heth below chin; reverse Nabataean legend, "Huldu, queen of the Nabataeans, year [...]" (year off flan, perhaps 14, counterclockwise), veiled bust of Huldu right, Nabataean heth below chin; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Rabbel II and Shuqailat, c. 70 - 76 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Rabbel| |II| |and| |Shuqailat,| |c.| |70| |-| |76| |A.D.||drachm|
Shuqailat, Rabbel's mother, likely ruled as regent or co-ruler until her death in his probably in his 10th regnal year. Dated silver drachms were struck for the first six years of his rule. And it appears the bronze coins were struck in the following years. Rabbel, still a child when crowned, was called "Rabbel, king of the Nabataeans" during his first six years. Later he was titled "Rabbel the king, king of the Nabataeans." This may seem a slight change, but it was significant to the Nabataeans. He was later given the appellation, "who resuscitated and saved his people."
SH66369. Silver drachm, Al-Qatanani 240; Meshorer Nabataean 145; Cohen DCA 984, SNG ANS -, VF, weight 4.049 g, maximum diameter 13.5 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 73 - 74 A.D.; obverse Nabataean legend, "Rabbel, king of the Nabataeans, year four", laureate and draped bust of Rabbel II with long hair; reverse Nabataean legend, "Shuqailat, his mother, queen of the Nabataeans", laureate, draped and veiled bust of Shuqailat right; scarce; SOLD


Byzantine, Palestina III, Petraean Early Byzantine Oil Lamp, c. 325 - 520 A.D.

|Oil| |Lamps|, |Byzantine,| |Palestina| |III,| |Petraean| |Early| |Byzantine| |Oil| |Lamp,| |c.| |325| |-| |520| |A.D.|
Grawehr writes, "...firstly, lamps of this period were produced with great care and are well fired; they were of far better quality than their predecessors of the 3rd century A.D. Secondly, one single type - the Petraean-Early Byzantine lamp - is clearly dominating, and thirdly, this type is concentrated in a relatively small area east of the Wadi Arabah between Wadi Mujib and the Red Sea." He further notes that the quality attests to an upswing in the regional economy, but the distribution indicates increasing regionalism.
AL21909. Petraean-Early Byzantine Oil Lamp; Grawehr type L, 504 (very similar, Petra, Ez Zantur III, 325-520 A.D.); 8.7 cm long, 6.0 cm wide, Choice, intact, tiny chip in fill hole edge, small chip in shoulder (visible in photo), c. 325 - 520 A.D.; red clay, cream slip, mold-made, thin walled, piriform body, single rim around wick hole, double rim around large filling hole, very small knob handle, lines on nozzle radiating from wick hole the outer lines ending in a spiral, curved lines radiating from filling hole on shoulders, ring base, maker's mark VV on bottom below the handle; SOLD


Roman Republic, First Triumvirate, Marcus Aemilius Scaurus & Publius Plautius Hypsaeus, 58 B.C.

|99-50| |B.C.|, |Roman| |Republic,| |First| |Triumvirate,| |Marcus| |Aemilius| |Scaurus| |&| |Publius| |Plautius| |Hypsaeus,| |58| |B.C.||denarius|
M. Aemilius Scaurus, in 62 B.C., as quaestor to Pompey, was sent against King Aretas but withdrew when Aretas paid 300 talents. Aemilius was curule aedile when this coin was struck. This was the first time a moneyer publicized an event from his own career on coinage. Later he was praetor and propraetor, lost a campaign for Consul, and successfully defended Cicero. In 52 B.C., he was charged with bribery and went into exile.
RR97738. Silver denarius, Crawford 422/1b, Sydenham 913, RSC I Aemilia 8, Russo RBW 1519, SRCV I 379, gVF, attractive toning, tight flan, mild die wear, weight 3.779 g, maximum diameter 18.3 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 58 B.C.; obverse Aretas, King of Nabataea, kneeling beside camel raising olive branch with fillet, M·SCAVR over AED·CVR above, EX - S C divided across field, REX ARETAS in exergue; reverse Jupiter in quadriga left, reins in right, hurling thunderbolt with left, scorpion below, P·HYPSAEVS over AED·CVR above, CAPT on right, C·HYPSAE·COS over PREIVE in exergue; ex Áureo & Calicó auction 352 (20 Oct 2020), lot 2046; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV, 9 B.C. - 40 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Aretas| |IV,| |9| |B.C.| |-| |40| |A.D.||AE| |18|
Aretas married Shuqailat, his second wife, in 16 A.D.
SH52149. Bronze AE 18, Barkay CN 186; Al-Qatanani 169; Meshorer Nabataean 114; BMC Arabia p. 8, 14; Huth 86; SNG ANS 6 1438, EF, weight 4.483 g, maximum diameter 18.2 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 16 - 40 A.D.; obverse jugate, laureate and draped busts of Aretas IV and Shuqailat right, het (Aretas) left, shin (Shuqailat) right; reverse two cornucopias crossed and filleted, Nabataean inscription in three lines: TTRH / SQY/TL (Aretas Shuqailat, read right to left, two lines above between the horns, the last line below); SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Syllaeus and Aretas IV, 9 B.C.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Syllaeus| |and| |Aretas| |IV,| |9| |B.C.||AE| |16|
Aretas IV was probably the son of Obodas III, but this is not certain. Syllaeus was chief minister for Obodas III and initially shared rule with Aretas after Obodas death. But the rulers of Nabataea served under the authority of Rome and Rome, begrudging Syllaeus as an enemy, did not approve. In 24 B.C. Syllaeus had betrayed Rome causing the near complete massacre of a Roman army sent into Arabia Felix. Syllaeus was called to the court at Rome, where in 6 B.C. he was convicted of treason and Obodas' murder. He was beheaded and his body was pitched from the Tarpeian Rock.
GB08577. Bronze AE 16, Al-Qatanani 65t1 (this coin), Barkay CN 75e, Meshorer Nabataean 43A, Schmitt-Korte II -, SNG ANS 6 -, BMC Arabia -, VF, weight 3.18 g, maximum diameter 15.5 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 9 B.C.; obverse diademed head of Obodas II, Nabataean shin (Syllaeus) left; reverse crossed cornucopias, Nabataean shin (Syllaeus) between the horns, Nabataean ayin left and het (Aretas) right; very rare; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV, 9 B.C. - 40 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Aretas| |IV,| |9| |B.C.| |-| |40| |A.D.||AE| |15|
The dated bronzes of Aretas are very rare. This is an unpublished variant with het both left and right on the reverse. In addition, Aretas coinage is usually well circulated and worn. Due to its condition, this coin is would be highly desirable even if it was a common type.

Possibly struck in the year of Christ's birth! Many biblical scholars believe Jesus was most likely born in 6 B.C.
GB33114. Bronze AE 15, Al-Qatanani 168t4 (this coin); Barkay CN 152b (this coin); Meshorer Nabataean 57 var., BMC Arabia -, SNG ANS -, gVF, high-grade, weight 2.029 g, maximum diameter 14.9 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 6 B.C.; obverse laureate head of Aretas with long hair right; reverse two crossed cornucopias, Nabataean H (heth) left, X (year 4) between the horns, and H (heth) right; the only known specimen, possibly unique; SOLD


Byzantine, Palestina III, Petraean-Early Byzantine Oil Lamp, c. 325 - 520 A.D.

|Oil| |Lamps|, |Byzantine,| |Palestina| |III,| |Petraean-Early| |Byzantine| |Oil| |Lamp,| |c.| |325| |-| |520| |A.D.|
Grawehr writes, "...firstly, lamps of this period were produced with great care and are well fired; they were of far better quality than their predecessors of the 3rd century A.D. Secondly, one single type - the Petraean-Early Byzantine lamp - is clearly dominating, and thirdly, this type is concentrated in a relatively small area east of the Wadi Arabah between Wadi Mujib and the Red Sea." He further notes that the quality attests to an upswing in the regional economy, but the distribution indicates increasing regionalism.
AL21907. Petraean-Early Byzantine Oil Lamp; Grawehr type L, 503 (nearly identical, Petra, Ez Zantur III, 325 - 520 A.D.), Zanoni 31; 8.7 cm long, 6.4 cm wide, Choice, complete and intact, encrustation, c. 325 - 520 A.D.; reddish clay, cream slip, mold-made, thin walled, piriform body, double rim around medium size filling hole, very small knob handle, lines on nozzle radiating from wick hole the outer lines ending in a spiral, pellets and and a wheel or star in circle on each shoulder, ring base with ornamental radiating lines; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Rabbel II and Gamilat, 70 - 106 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Rabbel| |II| |and| |Gamilat,| |70| |-| |106| |A.D.||drachm|
Rabbel II was the last Nabataean king. A child when he became king, his mother, Shuqailat, ruled in the early years. He was given the title, "He who gives life and salvation to his people," perhaps for subjugating Arab tribes. Upon his death, Trajan annexed the kingdom. On 22 March 106, Nabataea was incorporated into the new province of Arabia Petraea, with Bosra as its capital. The date on this coin is a little obscure but is probably year 21.
GS110263. Billon drachm, cf. Barkay 233; Al-Qatanani 240; Meshorer Nabataean 153; Sofaer 82; BMC Arabia p. 12, 1 - 2, VF, toned, double struck, date is less than certain but most likely year 21, weight 3.316 g, maximum diameter 17.5 mm, die axis 315o, Petra (Jordan) mint, cf. 90 - 91 A.D.; obverse Nabataean legend: "Rabbel the king, king of the Nabataeans, year 21" (date unclear), laureate and draped bust of Aretas IV with long hair right; reverse Nabataean legend: "Gamilat, his sister, queen of the Nabataeans", veiled bust of Gamilat right; ex Naville Numismatics (14 Nov 2021) auction 69, lot 91; SOLD


Roman Republic, First Triumvirate, Marcus Aemilius Scaurus & Publius Plautius Hypsaeus, 58 B.C.

|99-50| |B.C.|, |Roman| |Republic,| |First| |Triumvirate,| |Marcus| |Aemilius| |Scaurus| |&| |Publius| |Plautius| |Hypsaeus,| |58| |B.C.||denarius|
M. Aemilius Scaurus, in 62 B.C., as quaestor to Pompey, was sent against King Aretas but withdrew when Aretas paid 300 talents. Aemilius was curule aedile when this coin was struck. This was the first time a moneyer publicized an event from his own career on coinage. Later he was praetor and propraetor, lost a campaign for Consul, and successfully defended Cicero. In 52 B.C., he was charged with bribery and went into exile.
RR110662. Silver denarius, Crawford 422/1b, Sydenham 913, RSC I Aemilia 8, Russo RBW 1519, SRCV I 379, gVF, toned, reverse off center, tight flan, weight 4.023 g, maximum diameter 17.8 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 58 B.C.; obverse Aretas, King of Nabataea, kneeling beside camel raising olive branch with fillet, M SCAVR / AED CVR above, EX - S C at sides, REX ARETAS in exergue; reverse Jupiter in quadriga left, reins in right, hurling thunderbolt with left, scorpion below, P HYPSAEVS / AED CVR above, CAPTV on right, C HYPSAE COS / PREIVER in exergue; ex Gorny & Mosch auction 291 (8 Nov 2022), lot 3304; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Malichus II and Shuqailat, 40 - 70 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Malichus| |II| |and| |Shuqailat,| |40| |-| |70| |A.D.||drachm|
In Malichus' time, Nabataean trade dwindled as the Romans diverted the perfume and spice cargoes to Egypt. In 67 A.D. Malichus II sent an army of 5,000 horsemen and 1,000 soldiers to help Titus quash the Jewish revolt. Malichus lost control of Damascus but retained the territory to the east and southeast of the city.
GS113144. Silver drachm, cf. Meshorer Nabataean 135; Barkay CN 204; Al-Qatanani 206, SNG ANS -, VF, tight flan, die wear, weight 3.751 g, maximum diameter 13.6 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, c. 56 - 57 A.D.; obverse Nabataean legend, "Malichus the king, king of the Nabataeans, year 17" (date uncertain due to die wear), laureate and draped bust of Aretas right; reverse Nabataean legend, "Shuqailat, his sister, queen of the Nabataeans", veiled and draped bust of Shuqailat; ON LAYAWAY


Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV, 9 B.C. - 40 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Aretas| |IV,| |9| |B.C.| |-| |40| |A.D.||AE| |17|
The meaning of the X left on the obverse is uncertain. It is probably an engraving error. The usual mark is the Nabataean letter het, the initial of Aretas.

Aretas IV Philopatris was the greatest Nabataean king, ruling S. Palestine, most of Trans-Jordan, N. Arabia, and Damascus. During his reign, large religious centers - also serving as banks and trade clearinghouses - were established on the Hauran, in Petra, and at Avdat. Aretas was married to Huldu when he became king. Her profile was featured on coins until 16 A.D. After a short gap, the face of his second wife, Shuqailat, appeared on the coins. Aretas's daughter married Herod Antipas, tetrarch of the Galilee. When Antipas took another wife, Herodias, Aretas's daughter returned to her father, who went to war against Antipas and defeated him. The episode led to the beheading of John the Baptist. Antipas appealed to Tiberius, who dispatched the governor of Syria to attack Aretas. Paul mentions Aretas in connection with his visit to Damascus when he had to to be lowered from the wall in a basket to escape. Al-Khazneh, the treasury, one of the most elaborate buildings in Petra, is believed to have been Aretas' mausoleum.
GB94753. Bronze AE 17, Barkay CN 188b (notes otherwise unpublished Schmitt-Korte II 80 var.), gF, dark patina, earthen deposits, scratches, irregular shape due to sprue cuts, weight 4.042 g, maximum diameter 16.5 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 16 - 40 A.D.; obverse jugate laureate and draped busts of Aretas IV and Shuqailat right, Nabataean shin lamed mem (one or whole - indicating the denomination) above, X lower left; reverse two cornucopias crossed and filleted, Nabataean inscription in three lines: TTRH / SQY/TL (Aretas Shuqailat, read right to left, two lines above between the horns, the last line below); from the Ray Nouri Collection; very rare; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Rabbel II, c. 70 - 106 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Rabbel| |II,| |c.| |70| |-| |106| |A.D.||AE| |16|
This coin was struck with an obverse die reused from an earlier issue, depicting Rabbel II's mother Shuqailat II. It is a hybrid of a Meshore Nabataean 146 obverse and a Meshore Nabatean 163 reverse. The portrait style on obverses depicting Gamilat are a bit cruder with thicker lines.
GB94793. Bronze AE 16, Barkay CN 224; Meshorer Nabataean 162; Al-Qatanani -; Schmitt-Korte II -, Nice VF, dark patina with highlighting earthen deposits, tight flan squared by sprue cuts, obverse die break lower right, weight 2.255 g, maximum diameter 16.1 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, c. 76 A.D.; obverse jugate laureate busts of Rabbel II and Shuqailat II (his mother), Rabbel has long hair and a V shaped ornament at the center of his laurel wreath above his forehead; reverse two crossed and filleted cornucopias, Nabataean legend "Rabbel / Gamilat" in two lines between the horns; from the Ray Nouri Collection; rare; SOLD


Roman Republic, First Triumvirate, Marcus Aemilius Scaurus & Publius Plautius Hypsaeus, 58 B.C.

|99-50| |B.C.|, |Roman| |Republic,| |First| |Triumvirate,| |Marcus| |Aemilius| |Scaurus| |&| |Publius| |Plautius| |Hypsaeus,| |58| |B.C.||denarius|
M. Aemilius Scaurus, in 62 B.C., as quaestor to Pompey, was sent against King Aretas but withdrew when Aretas paid 300 talents. Aemilius was curule aedile when this coin was struck. This was the first time a moneyer publicized an event from his own career on coinage. Later he was praetor and propraetor, lost a campaign for Consul, and successfully defended Cicero. In 52 B.C., he was charged with bribery and went into exile.
RR81825. Silver denarius, Crawford 422/1b, Sydenham 913, RSC I Aemilia 8, Russo RBW 1519, SRCV I 379, nice gVF, well centered on a tight flan, minor flat center on reverse, toned, weight 3.942 g, maximum diameter 18.0 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 58 B.C.; obverse Aretas, King of Nabataea, kneeling beside camel raising olive branch with fillet, M·SCAVR over AED·CVR above, EX - S C at sides, REX ARETAS in exergue; reverse Jupiter in quadriga left, reins in right, hurling thunderbolt with left, scorpion below, P·HYPSAEVS over AED·CVR above, CAPT on right, C HYPSAE COS over PREIVE in exergue; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Rabbel II and Gamilath, c. 80 - 102 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Rabbel| |II| |and| |Gamilath,| |c.| |80| |-| |102| |A.D.||drachm|
Rabbel II was the last Nabataean king. A child when he became king, his mother, Shuqailat, ruled in the early years. He was given the title, "He who gives life and salvation to his people," perhaps for subjugating Arab tribes. Upon his death, Trajan annexed the kingdom. On 22 March 106, Nabataea was incorporated into the new province of Arabia Petraea, with Bosra as its capital. The date on this coin is off flan, but the style matches coins struck from 88 - 92 A.D.
GS111369. Billon drachm, cf. Al-Qatanani 239 - 240 (yrs. 20 - 21); Meshorer Nabataean 153 (yr. 21); Barkay CN 232 - 233 (yrs. 20 - 21); BMC Arabia p. 12, 1 (date off flan), VF, light tone, tight flan, obv. flatly struck, die wear, weight 2.843 g, maximum diameter 14.6 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, c. 89 - 91 A.D.(?); obverse Nabataean legend, "Rabbel the king, of the Nabataeans, year 20 or 21(?)" (date partially off flan), laureate and draped bust of Aretas IV with long hair right; reverse Nabataean legend, "Gamilath, his sister, queen of the Nabataeans", veiled bust of Gamilath right; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV and Huldu, 9 B.C. - 15 or 16 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Aretas| |IV| |and| |Huldu,| |9| |B.C.| |-| |15| |or| |16| |A.D.||drachm|
Possibly struck in the year of Christ's birth! Jesus was born sometime between 6 B.C. and 4 B.C. Matthew describes King Herod as the ruler during the time of the Nativity, and Herod died in 4 B.C. Later, in order to kill Jesus and eliminate him as a rival king, Herod ordered the "Massacre of the Innocents" - the killing of all male children in Bethlehem aged two years and under. This means that Jesus may have been up to two years old already by that time, and this also sets the Nativity between 6 and 4 B.C.
GS111370. Silver drachm, cf. Al-Qatanani 80; Barkay CN 106, Meshorer Nabataean 54, Cohen Dated 973 (S), aVF, tight flan, die wear, edge split, weight 4.482 g, maximum diameter 14.5 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, c. 6 - 5 B.C.(?); obverse Nabataean legend, "Aretas, king of the Nabataeans, lover of his people" (counterclockwise), laureate and draped bust of Aretas IV right, with long wavy hair over ear, Nabataean O (ayin) below chin; reverse Nabataean legend, "Huldu, queen of the Nabataeans, year 4(?)" (year mostly off flan), veiled bust of Huldu right, Nabataean O (ayin) below chin; scarce; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV, 9 B.C. - 40 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Aretas| |IV,| |9| |B.C.| |-| |40| |A.D.||AE| |18|
The written language of the Nabataean Kingdom was a variety of Aramaic, Nabataean Aramaic. The spoken language of the Nabataean Kingdom was a dialect of Arabic, Nabataean Arabic. The modern Arabic alphabet is derived from the Nabataean Aramaic script. Aramaic, Nabataean, and Arabic are all read from right to left. Vowels are unwritten, explaining why Aretas' initial was het (H).
GB113584. Bronze AE 18, Al-Qatanani 170; Barkay CN 188, Meshorer Nabataean 112; BMC Arabia p. 8, 22; Schmitt-Korte II 77; Huth -; SNG ANS 6 -, gVF, near black patina with highlighting earthen deposits, weight 4.088 g, maximum diameter 18.4 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 16 - 40 A.D.; obverse jugate laureate and draped busts of Aretas IV and Shuqailat right, Nabataean shin lamed mem (not ligate, meaning one or whole - indicating the denomination) above, Nabataean initials het (Aretas) lower left and shin (Shuqailat) lower right; reverse two cornucopias crossed and filleted, Nabataean inscription, "Aretas, Shuqailat" in two lines above and one below; SOLD


|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Aretas| |IV,| |9| |B.C.| |-| |40| |A.D.||AE| |11|
Aretas' daughter was married to Herod Antipas, Herod the Great's son, and the Tetrarch of Galilee. This coin resembles a coin minted by King Herod and the reverse probably depicts the golden bird Herod placed above the entrance to the Jerusalem Temple. But the political alliance and family ties celebrated by this coin were broken when Antipas left Aretas' daughter to marry Herodias. In response to this breach and personal insult, Aretas attacked and defeated Antipas' army in Galilee and brought his daughter home to Petra. It was Herodias' daughter, Salome, who requested John the Baptist's head on a platter.
GB06569. Bronze AE 11, Al-Qatanani 134, Barkay CN 156f, Meshorer Nabataean 93, Huth 84, SNG ANS -, BMC Arabia -, VF, dark green patina, struck with worn dies, flat area on edge from sprue cut, weight 1.12 g, maximum diameter 11.4 mm, die axis 180o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 5 - 6 A.D.; obverse Nabataean ayin over het (Aretas) within wreath; reverse eagle standing left, head left, wings closed, Nabataean het behind; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV and Phasael, 5 - 4 B.C.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Aretas| |IV| |and| |Phasael,| |5| |-| |4| |B.C.||AE| |14|
Possibly struck in the year of Christ's birth! Jesus was born sometime between 6 B.C. and 4 B.C. Matthew describes King Herod as the ruler during the time of the Nativity, and Herod died in 4 B.C. Later, in order to kill Jesus and eliminate him as a rival king, Herod ordered the "Massacre of the Innocents" - the killing of all male children in Bethlehem aged two years and under. This means that Jesus may have been up to two years old already by that time, and this also sets the Nativity between 6 and 4 B.C. This type was issued in the names of Aretas IV and his son, Phasael, 5 - 4 B.C.
GB94969. Bronze AE 14, Al-Qatanani 178; Barkay CN 118b; Meshorer Nabataean 64; Huth 82; BMC Arabia p. 10, 35; SNG ANS 6 -, VF, highlighting earthen deposits, scratches, flat edge area from sprue cut, weight 1.521 g, maximum diameter 13.7 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 5 - 4 B.C.; obverse laureate head of Aretas right, Nabataean H (het) left, O (ayin) right; reverse two crossed and filleted cornucopias, Nabataean PS (peh sade) monogram (Phasael, Aretas' son) in center; from the Ray Nouri Collection; scarce; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV and Phasael, 5 - 4 B.C.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Aretas| |IV| |and| |Phasael,| |5| |-| |4| |B.C.||AE| |14|
Possibly struck in the year of Christ's birth! Jesus was born sometime between 6 B.C. and 4 B.C. Matthew describes King Herod as the ruler during the time of the Nativity, and Herod died in 4 B.C. Later, in order to kill Jesus and eliminate him as a rival king, Herod ordered the "Massacre of the Innocents" - the killing of all male children in Bethlehem aged two years and under. This means that Jesus may have been up to two years old already by that time, and this also sets the Nativity between 6 and 4 B.C. The normal issue of this type has the monograms of Aretas (heth) and his son, Phasael, (peh sade).
GB110807. Bronze AE 14, Meshorer Nabataean 63A var. (monograms); Barkay CN 117 var. (same); Al-Qatanani 185t9 var. (same); Schmitte-Korte 1990 49 var. (same, VF, attractive dark green patina with reddish earthen highlighting, light scratches, weight 1.898 g, maximum diameter 14.3 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, c. 5 - 4 B.C.; obverse laureate head right; reverse two parallel cornucopias, tops left, tided with ribbon, palm frond on right; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Syllaeus and Aretas IV, 9 B.C.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Syllaeus| |and| |Aretas| |IV,| |9| |B.C.||AE| |14|
Aretas IV was probably the son of Obodas III, but this is not certain. Syllaeus was chief minister for Obodas III and initially shared rule with Aretas after Obodas death. But the rulers of Nabataea served under the authority of Rome and Rome, begrudging Syllaeus as an enemy, did not approve. In 24 B.C. Syllaeus had betrayed Rome causing the near complete massacre of a Roman army sent into Arabia Felix. Syllaeus was called to the court at Rome, where in 6 B.C. he was convicted of treason and Obodas' murder. He was beheaded and his body was pitched from the Tarpeian Rock.
GB28704. Bronze AE 14, Al-Qatanani 68t1; Barkay CN 75c, Meshorer Nabataean 42; Schmitt-Korte II 25; SNG ANS -; BMC Arabia -, VF, weight 2.383 g, maximum diameter 14.3 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 9 B.C.; obverse laureate head of Obodas II right, Nabataean shin (Syllaeus) left, Nabataean het (Aretas) right; reverse crossed cornucopias, Nabataean shin (Syllaeus) left, Nabataean heth (Aretas) right; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Syllaeus and Aretas IV, 9 B.C.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Syllaeus| |and| |Aretas| |IV,| |9| |B.C.||AE| |14|
Syllaeus was chief minister for Obodas III and he briefly shared rule of Nabataea with Aretas IV after Obodas death. But Syllaeus had a powerful enemy. In 24 B.C. Syllaeus had betrayed Rome causing almost the complete destruction of an army sent into Arabia Felix. Syllaeus was twice called to the court at Rome, where in 6 B.C. he was convicted of treason and Obodas' murder. He was beheaded and his body was pitched from the Tarpeian Rock.
GB57578. Bronze AE 14, Al-Qatanani 68 (this coin), Barkay CN 75, Meshorer Nabataean 42, SNG ANS 6 -, Huth CCK -, BMC Arabia -, VF, nice green patina with highlighting earthen deposits, sprue remnants, weight 2.678 g, maximum diameter 13.9 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 9 B.C.; obverse laureate head of Aretas right; reverse crossed cornucopias, Nabataean shin (Syllaeus) left, Nabataean heth (Aretas) right; rare; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV and Phasael, 5 - 4 B.C.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Aretas| |IV| |and| |Phasael,| |5| |-| |4| |B.C.||AE| |14|
Possibly struck in the year of Christ's birth! Jesus was born sometime between 6 B.C. and 4 B.C. Matthew describes King Herod as the ruler during the time of the Nativity, and Herod died in 4 B.C. Later, in order to kill Jesus and eliminate him as a rival king, Herod ordered the "Massacre of the Innocents" - the killing of all male children in Bethlehem aged two years and under. This means that Jesus may have been up to two years old already by that time, and this also sets the Nativity between 6 and 4 B.C. This type was issued in the names of Aretas IV and his son, Phasael, 5 - 4 B.C.
GB94965. Bronze AE 14, cf. Al-Qatanani 178t1; Barkay CN 118a; Huth 82; Meshorer Nabataean 64; BMC Arabia p. 10, 35; SNG ANS 6 -, aVF, black patina, highlighting earthen deposits, tight flan, scratches, remnant of a pre-strike casting sprue, weight 1.710 g, maximum diameter 14.1 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 5 - 4 B.C.; obverse laureate head of Aretas right, Nabataean H (het) left, O (ayin) right; reverse two cornucopias crossed and filleted, two pomegranates dangling from tops above center, Nabataean PS (peh sade) monogram (Phasael, Aretas' son) in center; from the Ray Nouri Collection; scarce; SOLD


Roman Republic, Marcus Aemilius Scaurus & Publius Plautius Hypsaeus, 58 B.C.

|99-50| |B.C.|, |Roman| |Republic,| |Marcus| |Aemilius| |Scaurus| |&| |Publius| |Plautius| |Hypsaeus,| |58| |B.C.||denarius|
M. Aemilius Scaurus, in 62 B.C., as quaestor to Pompey, was sent against King Aretas but withdrew when Aretas paid 300 talents. Aemilius was curule aedile when this coin was struck. This was the first time a moneyer publicized an event from his own career on coinage. Later he was praetor and propraetor, lost a campaign for Consul, and successfully defended Cicero. In 52 B.C., he was charged with bribery and went into exile.
RR17981. Silver denarius, Crawford 422/1a, Sydenham 912, BMCRR Rome 3877, RSC I Aemilia 9, SRCV I 378, aVF, weight 3.847 g, maximum diameter 17.4 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 58 B.C.; obverse Aretas, King of Nabataea, kneeling beside camel raising olive branch with fillet, M·SCAVR over AED·CVR above, EX - S C at sides, AED CVR in ex; reverse Jupiter in quadriga left, reins in right, hurling thunderbolt with left, P HYPSAEVS / AED CVR above, CAPTV on right, C HYPSAE COS / PREIVER in exergue; scarce; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Rabbel II, 70 - 106 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Rabbel| |II,| |70| |-| |106| |A.D.||AE| |16|
Rabbel II was the last Nabataean king, ruling 70/71 to 106 A.D. An inscription identifies Rabbel as the son of Malichus, who was the son of Aretas; it also identifies Gamilat and Hagaru (or Huldu) as daughters of Malichus, thus sisters of Rabbel. Rabbel's two sisters also appear on his coins confirming Rabbel married his own sisters and made them queens, a Nabataean tradition. Gamilat was his first wife. The last dated coins of Rabbel II and Gamilat, are dated year 22, c. 91/92 A.D. The coins of Rabbel II and Hagaru are all undated bronze. Rabbel may have married Hagaru as early as 92 or as late as 106 A.D. The scarcity of coins depicting Hagaru suggests a later date, but perhaps the mint was simply inactive for some time. After Rabbel II's death in 106, Trajan took Nabataea with little resistance and the Nabataean Kingdom was made part of the Roman province Arabia Petraea.
GB21099. Bronze AE 16, Barkay CN 237, Al-Qatanani 246, Meshorer Nabataean 164, SNG ANS 1452, BMC Arabia -, VF, nice green patina with highlighting earthen deposits, weight 3.076 g, maximum diameter 16.4 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, c. 92 - 106 A.D.; obverse jugate busts of Rabbel II and Hagaru, Rabbel II has long hair and a laurel wreath with a V shaped ornament at its center, Hagaru's head ornament looks like a radiant crown; reverse two crossed cornucopias, Nabataean legend "Rabbel / Hagru" in two lines between the horns; scarce; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Syllaeus and Aretas IV, 9 B.C.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Syllaeus| |and| |Aretas| |IV,| |9| |B.C.||AE| |16|
Syllaeus was chief minister for Obodas III and he briefly shared rule of Nabataea with Aretas IV after Obodas death. But Syllaeus had a powerful enemy. In 24 B.C. Syllaeus had betrayed Rome causing almost the complete destruction of an army sent into Arabia Felix. Syllaeus was twice called to the court at Rome, where in 6 B.C. he was convicted of treason and Obodas' murder. He was beheaded and his body was pitched from the Tarpeian Rock.
GB57580. Bronze AE 16, Barkay CN 75e, Meshorer Nabataean 43A, SNG ANS 1426, Al-Qatanani -, Schmitt-Korte II -, BMC Arabia -, VF, nice patina, obverse off center, weight 3.341 g, maximum diameter 16.2 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 9 B.C.; obverse laureate head of Aretas right, Nabataean shin behind; reverse crossed cornucopias, Nabataean ayin left, Syllaeus monogram between horns, het (Aretas) right; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas III, 87 - 62 B.C.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Aretas| |III,| |87| |-| |62| |B.C.||AE| |19|
Among the first Nabataean coins. After gaining Damascus, Aretas assumed the title Philhellenos to appease the Hellenistic population. He also adopted the Greek practice of striking coins. This coin is similar to Seleucid types that preceded it from the same mint.
GB87743. Bronze AE 19, Meshorer Nabataean 6, Sofaer 8, SNG ANS 1421, HGC 10 674, VF, green patina, obv. die crack, earthen deposits, crowded flan, weight 7.367 g, maximum diameter 19.4 mm, die axis 0o, Damaskos (Damascus, Syria) mint, 84 - 71 B.C.; obverse diademed head right; reverse Tyche of Damaskos seated left, right hand extended, cornucopia in left hand, river-god Chrysorrhoas swimming right below at feet, monogram left, BAΣIΛEΩΣ APETOY in two downward lines on right, ΦI-ΛEΛΛHNOΣ downward on left; rare; SOLD


Roman, Palestina or Arabia, Nabataean Pottery Oil Lamp, c. 225 - 300 A.D.

|Oil| |Lamps|, |Roman,| |Palestina| |or| |Arabia,| |Nabataean| |Pottery| |Oil| |Lamp,| |c.| |225| |-| |300| |A.D.|
This lamp came to us in a group accumulated in Israel. The four Nabatean towns of Haluza, Mamshit, Avdat and Shivta, with their associated fortresses and agricultural landscapes linking them to the Mediterranean are in the Negev Desert, southern Israel today. In his, Nabataean Clay Lamps, an Analytical Study of Art and Myths, Nabil Khariy identifies lamps known from the Nabataean sites, especially Petra, which can be differentiated from Greek, Roman and Judaean parallels and identified specifically as Nabataean made. Khariy notes that although the Nabataeans lost their independence in 106 A.D., excavations clearly show aspects of Nabataean culture continued until late in the 6th century A.D. Khariy 66, similar to this lamp, is described as made with a local clay and cruder than similar lamps from non-Nabataean sites. Grawehr type J3, like this lamp, has a larger filling hole than most similar lamps. The larger filling hole is found on late examples of the type.
AL21908. Nabatean Oil Lamp; cf. Khairy 66; Grawehr J3 (Petra, 225-300 A.D.) Murray-Ellis p. 26, 16 (Petra, ND); Negev-Sivan p. 117, 129 (Mampsis, 75-200 A.D.), near Choice, intact, small chips in handle, c. 225 - 300 A.D.; reddish-brown clay, round body, small rounded nozzle, small knob handle, defined ridge separating shoulders from plain concave discus, ten stamped rosettes impressed around shoulders, very low ring base; SOLD


Trajan, 25 January 98 - 8 or 9 August 117 A.D.

|Trajan|, |Trajan,| |25| |January| |98| |-| |8| |or| |9| |August| |117| |A.D.||denarius|
In 106 A.D., King Rabbel II of Nabataea died, after ruling since 70 A.D. Although there is no evidence of a pretext for annexation and Rabbel II had an heir named Obodas, Trajan moved Third Cyrenaica from Egypt into Petra and the Sixth Ferrata, a Syrian garrison unit, to occupy Bostra. It seems was some resistance from the Nabataean royal guard, but annexation was not widely resisted and there was little fighting. Trajan did not adopt the appellation Arabicus, as he did Dacius when he conquered Dacia, and Nabataean troops served as Roman auxiliary troops soon after conquest.
RS98725. Silver denarius, Woytek 285b, RIC II 142, RSC II 89, BMCRE III 297, BnF IV 452, Hunter II 91 var. (no dr.), SRCV II -, VF, obverse centered, die wear, scratches, small edge cracks, weight 3.014 g, maximum diameter 18.6 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, c. 110 A.D.; obverse IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P, laureate bust right, slight drapery on left shoulder; reverse COS V P P S P Q R OPTIMO PRINC, Arabia standing front, head left, branch in right hand, bundle of cinnamon sticks in left hand, camel walking left in background on left; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV, 9 B.C. - 40 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Aretas| |IV,| |9| |B.C.| |-| |40| |A.D.||drachm|
Aretas IV was the greatest of the Nabataean kings, ruling S. Palestine, most of Trans-Jordan, N. Arabia, and Damascus. Little is known of him because Nabataeans did not keep records. Paul mentions Aretas in connection with his visit to Damascus (2 Corinthians 11:32).
GS11739. Silver drachm, Barkay CN 175 (this coin), Meshorer Nabataean 104; Al-Qatanani 106t2, aVF, usual flat strike, weight 3.88 g, maximum diameter 14.3 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 26 - 27 A.D.; obverse Nabataean legend: "Aretas, king of the Nabataeans, lover of his people", laureate and draped bust of Aretas right; reverse Nabataean legend: "Shuqailat, queen of the Nabataeans, year 35", jugate busts of Aretas and Shuqailat right; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV, 9 B.C. - 40 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Aretas| |IV,| |9| |B.C.| |-| |40| |A.D.||drachm|
Aretas IV was the greatest of the Nabataean kings, ruling S. Palestine, most of Trans-Jordan, N. Arabia, and Damascus. Little is known of him because Nabataeans did not keep records. Paul mentions Aretas in connection with his visit to Damascus (2 Corinthians 11:32).
GS12623. Silver drachm, Barkay CN 175 (this coin), Al-Qatanani 107 (this coin), Meshorer Nabataean 104, VF, usual flat strike, weight 3.493 g, maximum diameter 14.3 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 26 - 27 A.D.; obverse Nabataean legend, "Aretas, king of Nabataea, lover of his people", laureate and draped bust of Aretas right; reverse Nabataean legend, "Shuqailat, queen of Nabataea, year 35", jugate busts of Aretas and Shuqailat right; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Rabbel II, c. 70 - 106 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Rabbel| |II,| |c.| |70| |-| |106| |A.D.||AE| |15|
Rabbel II was the last Nabataean king, ruling 70/71 to 106 A.D. An inscription identifies Rabbel as the son of Malichus, who was the son of Aretas; it also identifies Gamilat and Hagaru (or Huldu) as daughters of Malichus, thus sisters of Rabbel. Rabbel's two sisters also appear on his coins confirming Rabbel married his own sisters and made them queens, a Nabataean tradition. Gamilat was his first wife. The last dated coins of Rabbel II and Gamilat, are dated year 22, c. 91/92 A.D. The coins of Rabbel II and Hagaru are all undated bronze. Rabbel may have married Hagaru as early as 92 or as late as 106 A.D. The scarcity of coins depicting Hagaru suggests a later date, but perhaps the mint was simply inactive for some time. After Rabbel II's death in 106, Trajan took Nabataea with little resistance and the Nabataean Kingdom was made part of the Roman province Arabia Petraea.
GB21041. Bronze AE 15, Barkay CN 237, Al-Qatanani 246, Meshorer Nabataean 164, SNG ANS 1452, BMC Arabia -, VF, nice dark patina with highlighting earthen deposits, tight flan squared by sprue cuts, weight 2.496 g, maximum diameter 15.0 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, c. 92 - 106 A.D.; obverse jugate busts of Rabbel II and Hagaru, Rabbel II has long hair and a laurel wreath with a V shaped ornament at its center, Hagaru's head ornament looks like a radiant crown; reverse two crossed cornucopias, Nabataean legend "Rabbel / Hagru" in two lines between the horns; scarce; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV, 9 B.C. - 40 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Aretas| |IV,| |9| |B.C.| |-| |40| |A.D.||drachm|
Aretas IV was the greatest of the Nabataean kings, ruling S. Palestine, most of Trans-Jordan, N. Arabia, and Damascus. Little is known of him because Nabataeans did not keep records. Paul mentions Aretas in connection with his visit to Damascus (2 Corinthians 11:32).
GS51932. Silver drachm, Cohen 975; cf. Meshorer Nabataean 99 ff., BMC Arabia 11, SGICV 5695 (references list various dates), gF, weight 4.528 g, maximum diameter 13.7 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, c. 18 - 40 A.D.; obverse Nabataean legend, "Aretas, king of Nabataea, lover of his people", laureate and draped bust of Aretas right; reverse Nabataean legend, "Shuqailat, queen of Nabataea, year [?]", jugate busts of Aretas and Shuqailat right; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Malichus II, 40 - 70 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Malichus| |II,| |40| |-| |70| |A.D.||AE| |16|
The Meshorer 140A variety does not have monograms above the king and queen on the obverse.
GB09536. Bronze AE 16, cf. Huth 93; Barkay CN 212; Meshorer Nabataean 140A; Al-Qatanani 217t1; SNG ANS 6 1444; BMC Arabia p. 11, 4, EF, dark patina, highlighting earthen deposits, tight flan squared by sprue cuts, weight 2.00 g, maximum diameter 15.8 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 40 - 70 A.D.; obverse jugate laureate and draped busts of Malichus II and Shuqailat II right; reverse two cornucopias, crossed and filleted, Nabataean legend, "Malichus / Shuqai/lat" in two lines above and one below the cornucopias; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Malichus II, 40 - 70 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Malichus| |II,| |40| |-| |70| |A.D.||drachm|
In Malichus' time, Nabataean trade dwindled as the Romans diverted the perfume and spice cargos to Egypt. In 67 A.D. Malichus II sent an army of 5,000 horsemen and 1,000 soldiers to help Titus quash the Jewish revolt. Malichus lost control of Damascus but retained the territory to the east and southeast of the city.
GS11742. Silver drachm, Barkay Malichus II p. 111, Fig. VII (this coin); Meshorer Nabataean 135 (Date off flan but known from die match), VF, weight 3.841 g, maximum diameter 13.8 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, year 17? = 56 - 57 A.D.; obverse Nabataean legend, "Malichus the king, king of the Nabataeans, year..." (date off flan), laureate and draped bust of Aretas right; reverse Nabataean legend: 'Shuqailat, his sister, queen of the Nabataeans', laureate, veiled and draped bust of Shuqailat; rare; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Rabbel II, 70 - 106 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Rabbel| |II,| |70| |-| |106| |A.D.||drachm|
Rabbel II was the last Nabataean king. A child when he became king, his mother, Shuqailat, ruled in the early years. He was given the title, "He who gives life and salvation to his people," perhaps for subjugating Arab tribes. Upon his death, Trajan annexed the kingdom. On 22 March 106, Nabataea was incorporated into the new province of Arabia Petraea, with Bosra as its capital.
GS12584. Billon drachm, BMC Arabia p. 12, 1 and pl II, 18 (same dies?, also with date off flan), Meshorer 147 - 161 (various dates from year 6 to 32); S 5705; SNG ANS 1445, VF, weight 3.574 g, maximum diameter 13.1 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 76 - 102 A.D.; obverse Nabataean legend, "Rabbel the king, of the Nabataeans, year..." (date off flan), laureate and draped bust of Aretas IV with long hair right; reverse Nabataean legend, "Gamilath, his sister, queen of the Nabataeans", veiled bust of Gamilath right; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV, 9 B.C. - 40 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Aretas| |IV,| |9| |B.C.| |-| |40| |A.D.||AE| |14|
Petra, the capital of the ancient Nabatean Kingdom, is a famous archaeological site in Jordan's southwestern desert. Accessed via a narrow canyon called Al Siq, it contains tombs and temples carved into pink sandstone cliffs, earning its nickname, the "Rose City." Perhaps its most famous structure is 45m-high Al Khazneh, a temple with an ornate, Greek-style facade, and known as The Treasury. The structure is believed to have been the mausoleum of the Nabatean King Aretas IV in the 1st century A.D. The sculptures are thought to be those of various mythological figures associated with the afterlife. On top are figures of four eagles that would carry away the souls. The figures on the upper level are dancing Amazons with double-axes. The entrance is flanked by statues of the twins Castor and Pollux who lived partly on Olympus and partly in the underworld. Tomb_of_Aretas
GB110264. Bronze AE 14, cf. Barkay CN 150, Al-Qatanani 141, Meshorer Nabataean 70, SNG ANS 6 1432, Huth -, VF, dark patina with attractive highlighting earthen deposits, weight 1.729 g, maximum diameter 13.6 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, c. 2 - 24 A.D.; obverse laureate head of Aretas right; reverse two crossed and filleted cornucopias, Nabataean het (Aretas) between the horns; ex Naville Numismatics (14 Nov 2021) auction 69, lot 87; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV, 9 B.C. - 40 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Aretas| |IV,| |9| |B.C.| |-| |40| |A.D.||AE| |12|
Aretas' daughter was married to Herod Antipas, Herod the Great's son, and the Tetrarch of Galilee. This coin resembles a coin minted by King Herod and the reverse probably depicts the golden bird Herod placed above the entrance to the Jerusalem Temple. But the political alliance and family ties celebrated by this coin were broken when Antipas left Aretas' daughter to marry Herodias. In response to this breach and personal insult, Aretas attacked and defeated Antipas' army in Galilee and brought his daughter home to Petra. It was Herodias' daughter, Salome, who requested John the Baptist's head on a platter.
GB94750. Bronze AE 12, Barkay CN 154a, Meshorer Nabataean 91, Al-Qatanani 130t1, SNG ANS 6 -, Huth -, BMC Arabia -, VF, ragged flan, light deposits, porosity, reverse off center, weight 1.032 g, maximum diameter 11.6 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 5 - 6 A.D.; obverse Nabataean het ros (Aretas) monogram within wreath; reverse eagle standing right, head right, wings closed, Nabataean het ros (Aretas) monogram left; from the Ray Nouri Collection; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV, 9 B.C. - 40 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Aretas| |IV,| |9| |B.C.| |-| |40| |A.D.||AE| |18|
The written language of the Nabataean Kingdom was a variety of Aramaic, Nabataean Aramaic. The spoken language of the Nabataean Kingdom was a dialect of Arabic, Nabataean Arabic. The modern Arabic alphabet is derived from the Nabataean Aramaic script. Aramaic, Nabataean, and Arabic are all read from right to left. Vowels are unwritten, explaining why Aretas' initial was het (H).
GB86853. Bronze AE 18, Al-Qatanani 170; Barkay CN 188, Meshorer Nabataean 112; BMC Arabia p. 8, 22; Schmitt-Korte II 77; Huth -; SNG ANS 6 -, VF, attractive coin, well centered on a tight flan, weight 3.301 g, maximum diameter 18.4 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 16 - 40 A.D.; obverse jugate laureate and draped busts of Aretas IV and Shuqailat right, Nabataean shin lamed mem (not ligate, meaning one or whole - indicating the denomination) above, Nabataean initials het (Aretas) lower left and shin (Shuqailat) lower right; reverse two cornucopias crossed and filleted, Nabataean inscription, "Aretas, Shuqailat" in two lines above and one below; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV, 9 B.C. - 40 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Aretas| |IV,| |9| |B.C.| |-| |40| |A.D.||AE| |14|
Aretas IV Philopatris was the greatest Nabataean king, ruling S. Palestine, most of Trans-Jordan, N. Arabia, and Damascus. During his reign, large religious centers - also serving as banks and trade clearinghouses - were established on the Hauran, in Petra, and at Avdat. Aretas was married to Huldu when he became king. Her profile was featured on coins until 16 A.D. After a short gap, the face of his second wife, Shuqailat, appeared on the coins. Aretas's daughter married Herod Antipas, tetrarch of the Galilee. When Antipas took another wife, Herodias, Aretas's daughter returned to her father, who went to war against Antipas and defeated him. The episode led to the beheading of John the Baptist. Antipas appealed to Tiberius, who dispatched the governor of Syria to attack Aretas. Paul mentions Aretas in connection with his visit to Damascus when he had to to be lowered from the wall in a basket to escape. Al-Khazneh, the treasury, one of the most elaborate buildings in Petra, is believed to have been Aretas' mausoleum.
GB94730. Bronze AE 14, Al-Qatanani 149; Barkay CN 150i; Meshorer Nabataean 73A; Huth 78; BMC Arabia p. 10, 34; Schmitt-Korte II 44; Lindgren 2522, VF, dark green patina, earthen deposits, well centered for type, weight 2.322 g, maximum diameter 13.5 mm, die axis 315o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 8/7 B.C. - 15/16 A.D.; obverse laureate head of Aretas right, Nabataean het (Aretas) left; reverse two crossed cornucopias, Nabataean ayin between the horns, het (Aretas) left and right; from the Ray Nouri Collection; SOLD


Roman Republic, First Triumvirate, Marcus Aemilius Scaurus & Publius Plautius Hypsaeus, 58 B.C.

|99-50| |B.C.|, |Roman| |Republic,| |First| |Triumvirate,| |Marcus| |Aemilius| |Scaurus| |&| |Publius| |Plautius| |Hypsaeus,| |58| |B.C.||denarius|
M. Aemilius Scaurus, in 62 B.C., as quaestor to Pompey, was sent against King Aretas but withdrew when Aretas paid 300 talents. Aemilius was curule aedile when this coin was struck. This was the first time a moneyer publicized an event from his own career on coinage. Later he was praetor and propraetor, lost a campaign for Consul, and successfully defended Cicero. In 52 B.C., he was charged with bribery and went into exile.
RR112929. Silver denarius, Crawford 422/1b, Sydenham 913, RSC I Aemilia 8, Russo RBW 1519, SRCV I 379, F, porous, oval flan, off center, weight 3.428 g, maximum diameter 18.0 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 58 B.C.; obverse Aretas, King of Nabataea, kneeling beside camel raising olive branch with fillet, M·SCAVR over AED·CVR above, EX - S C divided across field, REX ARETAS in exergue; reverse Jupiter in quadriga left, reins in right, hurling thunderbolt with left, scorpion below, P·HYPSAEVS over AED·CVR above, CAPT on right, C·HYPSAE·COS over PREIVE in exergue; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Malichus II and Shuqailat, 40 - 70 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Malichus| |II| |and| |Shuqailat,| |40| |-| |70| |A.D.||drachm|
In Malichus' time, Nabataean trade dwindled as the Romans diverted the perfume and spice cargoes to Egypt. In 67 A.D. Malichus II sent an army of 5,000 horsemen and 1,000 soldiers to help Titus quash the Jewish revolt. Malichus lost control of Damascus but retained the territory to the east and southeast of the city.
GS110753. Silver drachm, Meshorer Nabataean 124 ff.; Barkay CN 202 ff.; Al-Qatanani 1206, SNG ANS -, F, toned, flan flaw (sprue remnant) obv. left, weight 3.977 g, maximum diameter 14.5 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 42 - 65 A.D.; obverse Nabataean legend, "Malichus the king, king of the Nabataeans, year..." (date off flan), laureate and draped bust of Aretas right; reverse Nabataean legend, "Shuqailat, his sister, queen of the Nabataeans", veiled and draped bust of Shuqailat; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV and Phasael, 5 - 4 B.C.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Aretas| |IV| |and| |Phasael,| |5| |-| |4| |B.C.||AE| |14|
Possibly struck in the year of Christ's birth! Jesus was born sometime between 6 B.C. and 4 B.C. Matthew describes King Herod as the ruler during the time of the Nativity, and Herod died in 4 B.C. Later, in order to kill Jesus and eliminate him as a rival king, Herod ordered the "Massacre of the Innocents" - the killing of all male children in Bethlehem aged two years and under. This means that Jesus may have been up to two years old already by that time, and this also sets the Nativity between 6 and 4 B.C
GB110800. Bronze AE 14, Barkay CN 116a, Meshorer Nabataean 61a, Al-Qatanani 185t1, Huth 81 var. (no het on rev.), SNG ANS 6 -, BMC Arabia -, VF, green patina, highlighting earthen deposits, flan adjustment marks, weight 1.807 g, maximum diameter 13.8 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 5 - 4 B.C.; obverse laureate head of Aretas right; reverse two cornucopias paired with tops right, palm frond on left curving left, H (het, Aretas) upper inner left, Nabataean PS (peh sade) monogram (Phasael, Aretas' son) lower right; SOLD


Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV, 9 B.C. - 40 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Aretas| |IV,| |9| |B.C.| |-| |40| |A.D.||AE| |18|
Aretas IV Philopatris was the greatest Nabataean king, ruling S. Palestine, most of Trans-Jordan, N. Arabia, and Damascus. During his reign, large religious centers - also serving as banks and trade clearinghouses - were established on the Hauran, in Petra, and at Avdat. Aretas was married to Huldu when he became king. Her profile was featured on coins until 16 A.D. After a short gap, the face of his second wife, Shuqailat, appeared on the coins. Aretas's daughter married Herod Antipas, tetrarch of the Galilee. When Antipas took another wife, Herodias, Aretas's daughter returned to her father, who went to war against Antipas and defeated him. The episode led to the beheading of John the Baptist. Antipas appealed to Tiberius, who dispatched the governor of Syria to attack Aretas. Paul mentions Aretas in connection with his visit to Damascus when he had to to be lowered from the wall in a basket to escape. Al-Khazneh, the treasury, one of the most elaborate buildings in Petra, is believed to have been Aretas' mausoleum.
GB113588. Bronze AE 18, cf. Barkay CN 186; Al-Qatanani 169; Meshorer Nabataean 114; BMC Arabia p. 8, 14; Huth 86; SNG ANS 6 1438, VF, dark patina, highlighting earthen deposits, near centered on a tight flan, sprue cut on edge, weight 4.253 g, maximum diameter 17.5 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 16 - 40 A.D.; obverse jugate laureate and draped busts of Aretas IV and Shuqailat right; reverse two cornucopias crossed and filleted, Nabataean inscription in three lines: TTRH / SQY/TL (Aretas Shuqailat, read right to left, two lines above between the horns, the last line below); SOLD




  




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REFERENCES

Al-Qatanani, Y. Nabataean Coins. (Jordan, 2020).
Barkay, R. "New Nabataean Coins" in INJ 16 (2007-8), pp. 92 - 99.
Barkay, R. "Seven new silver coins of Malichus I and Obodas III" in NC 166 (2006), pp. 99 - 103.
Barkay, R. "The Coinage of the Last Nabataean King, Rabbel II (AD 70/1-105/6)" in NC 174 (2014), pp. 29 - 44, pl. 6 - 7.
Barkay, R. The Coinage of the Nabataeans. Qedem 58. (Jerusalem, 2019).
Barkay, R. "The Coinage of the Nabataean King Malichus II (40–70 CE)" in INJ 18 (Jerusalem, 2014).
Barkay, R. "The Coinage of the Nabataean Usurper Syllaeus (c. 9–6 BC)" in NC 177 (2017), pp. 67 - 81, pl. 13 - 14.
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Huth, M. Coinage of the Caravan Kingdoms, Ancient Arabian Coins from the Collection of Martin Huth. ACNAC 10. (New York, 2010).
Huth, M. & P. van Alfen. Coinage of the Caravan Kingdoms. Studies in the Monetization of Ancient Arabia. ANSNS 25. (New York, 2010).
Meshorer, Y. Nabatean Coins. Qedem 3. (Jerusalem, 1975).
Meshorer, Y., et al. Coins of the Holy Land: The Abraham and Marian Sofaer Collection at the American Numismatic Society and The Israel Museum. ACNAC 8. (New York, 2013).
Milik, J. & H. Seyrig. "Trésor monétaire de Murabba'at" in Revue Numismatique 1 (1958), pp. 11 - 22.
Plant, R. "The Coinage of the Nabataeans" in Seaby Coin and Medal Bulletin, March 1979, pp. 81-84.
Robinson, E. "Coins from Petra etc." in NC 1936, pp. 288 - 291, pl. XVII.
Schmitt-Korte, K. & M. Cowell. "Nabatean Coinage - Part I. The Silver Content Measured by X-ray Fluorescence Analysis" in NC 1989, pp. 33 - 58, pl. 11 - 17.
Schmitt-Korte, K. "Nabatean Coinage - Part II. New Coin Types and Variants" in NC 1990, pp. 105 - 133, pl. 10 - 15.
Schmitt-Korte, K. & M. Price. "Nabatean Coinage - Part III. The Nabatean Monetary System" in NC 1994, pp. 67 - 131, pl. 10 - 12.
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Tal, O. "Coin denominations and weight standards in fourth-century BCE Palestine" in INR 2, pp. 24 - 28.

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