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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Roman Coins| ▸ |Recovery of the Empire| ▸ |Severina||View Options:   | | | Ulpia Severina may have been the daughter of Ulpius Crinitus, a general of Valerian. Ulpius Crinitus probably adopted Aurelian in 258 and gave him Severina in marriage. Severina had a daughter by Aurelian, by whom she became grandmother to an Aurelian who became a Senator in the time of Constantine I. Nothing is known of Severina prior to Aurelian's becoming Augustus in the late summer of 270. After that time she traveled with him on his military campaigns and became quite popular with the troops because she devoted her time and wealth to their welfare, in sharp contrast to previous Empresses. It is said that she acquired a martial air, and that her conduct was faultless. For some reason Aurelian did not honor her with coins until at least the third year of his reign, when his own reform of the coinage was under way. When Aurelian was murdered near Byzantium in the late summer of 275, Severina survived and there is substantial evidence from the coins to believe that she may have continued to strike and perhaps even rule during the so-called 'Interregnum.' Her coins of Alexandria dated in the final year of the reign of Aurelian comprise the bulk of that mint's coinage, and her final issues at other mints, which were usually restricted to a few officinae, were struck at all officinae. The last issues of Antioch (approximately August to October of of 275) were all only in her name, and they bear the very unusual title "P F AVG" - unknown for empresses except for a rare issue of Salonina (and then again adopted again in the early fifth century by Galla Placidia, Honoria, and Licinia Eudoxia). Finally, she was the only Empress to strike coins bearing the legend "CONCORDIAE MILITVM," and those coins were her last issue. They seem to have been the hope of an Empress who found herself in charge of a contrite Army. |
Felix (Lucky) was a traditional epithet for Venus. Venus Felix was her cult title at Hadrian's temple to Venus Felix and Roma Aeterna on the Via Sacra. In dice-games, a popular pastime among Romans of all classes, the luckiest, best possible roll was known as "Venus."RB48405. Billon denarius, MER-RIC 1803 (18 spec.), BnF XII 187, Venèra 1103 - 1104, Estiot 187, RIC V-1 6, SRCV III11710, Hunter IV - (cxviii), VF, scarce denomination, weight 2.703 g, maximum diameter 19.0 mm, die axis 180o, 3rd officina, Rome mint, issue 10, end 274 A.D.; obverse SEVERINA AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane; reverse VENVS FELIX (Venus who brings good fortune), Venus standing left, uncertain object (Cupid?) in extended right hand, long scepter vertical behind in left hand, Γ right, VSV in exergue; SOLD
There is considerable numismatic evidence Severina ruled in her own right between the death of Aurelian and the election of Tacitus. Sources mention an interregnum, and some of Severina's coins, including this type, appear to have been minted after Aurelian's death. She may have been the only woman to rule over the whole Roman Empire in her own power. The reverse advertises her good relations with the army, an unusual reverse for an empress, and perhaps an indication of her role as sole ruler.RA87538. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 3191 (14 spec.), RIC V-1 20, BnF XII 1350, Hunter IV 28, SRCV III -, EF, sharp detail, most silvering remaining, centered on a tight flan, light marks, tiny edge cracks, weight 3.997 g, maximum diameter 22.8 mm, die axis 0o, 3rd officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, issue 6, early 275 - Sep 275; obverse SEVERINA AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, crescent behind shoulder; reverse CONCORDIAE MILITVM (harmony with the soldiers), Concordia standing slightly left, flanked by two standards, one in each hand, T inner lower left, XXI in exergue; SOLD
Severina, Augusta Spring 274 - November 275 A.D., Roman Provincial Egypt
Severina was the wife of Aurelian. She was possibly the only Roman empress ever to rule in her own right, which she did during the interregnum after her husband's murder.
Elpis was the Greek personification of Hope. According the Hesiod's famous story, Elpis was the last to escape the Pandora's box. It can be debated whether she was really about "hope" as we understand it, or rather mere "expectation." In art, Elpis is normally depicted carrying flowers or a cornucopia, but on coins she is almost invariably depicted holding a flower in her extended right hand, and raising a fold of her dress with her left hand. Elpis' Roman equivalent was Spes. She was also named "ultima dea" - the last resort of men.RX28560. Billon tetradrachm, Geissen 3104; Dattari 5501; Milne 4442; BMC Alexandria p. 308, 2377; Emmett 3967.6 (R2); Curtis -, VF, weight 8.424 g, maximum diameter 20.4 mm, die axis 0o, Alexandria mint, 29 Aug 274 - 28 Aug 275 A.D.; obverse OVΛΠ CEVHPINA CEB, diademed and draped bust right; reverse ETOVC S (year 6), Elpis (hope) walking left, flower in extended right hand, lifting hem of chiton with left hand; SOLD
There is considerable numismatic evidence Severina ruled in her own right between the death of Aurelian and the election of Tacitus. Sources mention an interregnum, and some of Severina's coins, including this type, appear to have been minted after Aurelian's death. She may have been the only woman to rule over the whole Roman Empire in her own power. The reverse advertises her good relations with the army, an unusual reverse for an empress, and perhaps an indication of her role as sole ruler.RB07636. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 1824 (57 spec.), RIC V-1 4, BnF XII 230, Hunter IV 13, Venèra 1440 - 1466, Gloucester 182/1, Maravielle 99, SRCV III 11705, Cohen VI 7, Choice EF, weight 3.60 g, maximum diameter 21.5 mm, die axis 180o, 5th officina, Rome mint, issue 11, early - Sep 275; obverse SEVERINA AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, crescent behind shoulders; reverse CONCORDIAE MILIVM (harmony with the soldiers), Concordia standing facing, head left, flanked by two standards, one in each hand, E right, XXIR in exergue; ex Scott collection; SOLD
There is considerable numismatic evidence Severina ruled in her own right between the death of Aurelian and the election of Tacitus. Sources mention an interregnum, and some of Severina's coins, including this type, appear to have been minted after Aurelian's death. She may have been the only woman to rule over the whole Roman Empire in her own power. The reverse advertises her good relations with the army, an unusual reverse for an empress, and perhaps an indication of her role as sole ruler.RA77731. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 3187 (23 spec.), RIC V-1 20, BnF XII 1347 - 1349, Hunter IV 32, Bastien-Huvelin 189 - 192, SRCV III -, gVF, near full silvering, well centered, reverse center a little weak, flan crack, weight 3.664 g, maximum diameter 23.3 mm, die axis 180o, 1st officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, issue 6, early 275 - Sep 275; obverse SEVERINA AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, crescent behind shoulder; reverse CONCORDIAE MILITVM (harmony with the soldiers), Concordia standing slightly left, flanked by two standards, one in each hand, P inner lower left, XXI in exergue; from the Butte College Foundation, ex Lindgren, ex Kirk Davis; SOLD
Severina was the wife of Aurelian. She was possibly the only Roman empress ever to rule in her own right, which she did during the interregnum after her husband's murder.RS73655. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 1813 (45 spec.), BnF XII 219 - 220, Venèra 1356 - 1374, Gloucester 178, Maravielle 92, RIC V-1 4, SRCV III 11705, Cohen VI 7, VF, much silvering, broad flan, minor double strike on both sides, weight 3.809 g, maximum diameter 23.2 mm, die axis 0o, 1st officina, Rome mint, issue 11, early - Sep 275; obverse SEVERINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent; reverse CONCORDIAE MILITVM (harmony with the soldiers), Fides Militum standing facing, head left, flanked by a standard in each hand, A in right field, XXIR in exergue; ex Harlan J. Berk; SOLD
Severina was the wife of Aurelian. She was possibly the only Roman empress ever to rule in her own right, which she did during the interregnum after her husband's murder.RA112895. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 1813 (45 spec.), BnF XII 219 - 220, Venèra 1356 - 1374, Gloucester 178, Maravielle 92, RIC V-1 4, SRCV III 11705, Cohen VI 7, F, well centered, areas rough from corrosion, weight 3.364 g, maximum diameter 21.7 mm, die axis 180o, 1st officina, Rome mint, issue 11, early - Sep 275; obverse SEVERINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent; reverse CONCORDIAE MILITVM (harmony with the soldiers), Concordia standing facing, head left, flanked by a standard in each hand, A (appearing as H) right, XXIR in exergue; SOLD
Severina, Augusta Spring 274 - November 275 A.D., Roman Provincial Egypt
There is considerable numismatic evidence Severina ruled in her own right between the death of Aurelian and the election of Tacitus. Sources mention an interregnum, and some of Severina's coins, including this type, may have been minted after Aurelian's death. She may have been the only woman to rule over the whole Roman Empire in her own power.RX22034. Billon tetradrachm, Dattari 5506; Geissen 3103; Milne 4464, Curtis 1820; BMC Alexandria p. 308, 2380; Emmett 3966, gVF, weight 7.414 g, maximum diameter 21.2 mm, die axis 315o, Alexandria mint, Aug 274 - Aug 275 A.D.; obverse OVΛΠ CEVHPINA CEB, diademed and draped bust right; reverse ETOVC S (year 6), eagle standing half-left, head right, wreath in beak; scarce; SOLD
Severina, Augusta Spring 274 - November 275 A.D., Roman Provincial Egypt
Severina was the wife of Aurelian. She was possibly the only Roman empress ever to rule in her own right, which she did during the interregnum after her husband's murder.RX88869. Billon tetradrachm, Geissen 3108; Dattari 5502; Milne 4474; Curtis 1824; SNG Cop 892; BMC Alexandria p. 308, 2378; Emmett 3967.7 (R1), aVF, well centered, some porosity, brown patina with blue-green area on reverse, weight 8.753 g, maximum diameter 20.7 mm, die axis 0o, Alexandria mint, 29 Aug 275 - 28 Aug 276 A.D.; obverse OVΛΠ CEVHPINA CEB, diademed and draped bust right; reverse ETOVC Z (year 7), Elpis (hope) walking left, flower in extended right hand, lifting hem of chiton with left hand; SOLD
Severina probably married Aurelian before he became emperor in 270. They had a daughter. According to her coinage, she gained the title Augusta in the autumn of 274, though she may have had the title earlier. She also received the titles Pia (pious) and mater castrorum et senatus et patriae (mother of the barracks (armies), senate, and country). There is considerable numismatic evidence Severina ruled in her own right between the death of Aurelian and the election of Tacitus. Sources mention an interregnum, and some of Severina's coins appear to have been minted after Aurelian's death. She may have been the only woman to rule over the whole Roman Empire in her own power.RB22412. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 2405 (26 spec.), RIC V-1 13, Venèra 8851 - 8855, BnF XII 933, Gloucester 443, SRCV III 11706, Cohen VI 8, gVF, weight 3.776 g, maximum diameter 21.3 mm, die axis 180o, 3rd officina, Siscia (Sisak, Croatia) mint, issue 9, autumn 274 - spring 275; obverse SEVERINAE AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, crescent behind shoulders; reverse CONCORDIAE MILITVM (harmony with the soldiers), Concordia standing facing, head left, flanked by two standards, one in each hand, TXXI in exergue; SOLD
Severina probably married Aurelian before he became emperor in 270. They had a daughter. According to her coinage, she gained the title Augusta in the autumn of 274, though she may have had the title earlier. She also received the titles Pia (pious) and mater castrorum et senatus et patriae (mother of the barracks (armies), senate, and country). There is considerable numismatic evidence Severina ruled in her own right between the death of Aurelian and the election of Tacitus. Sources mention an interregnum, and some of Severina's coins appear to have been minted after Aurelian's death. She may have been the only woman to rule over the whole Roman Empire in her own power.RA89166. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 3198 (12 spec.), RIC V 20, BnF XII 1355, Venèra -, Hunter IV -, VF, dark and earthen patina, weight 3.778 g, maximum diameter 23.3 mm, die axis 180o, 6th officina, Antioch mint, issue 6, early 275 - Sep 275; obverse SEVERINA AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, crescent behind shoulders; reverse CONCORDIAE MILITVM (harmony with the soldiers), Concordia standing facing, head left, flanked by two standards, one in each hand, VI in left field, XXI in exergue; scarce; SOLD
Severina was possibly the only Roman empress ever to rule in her own right, which she did during the interregnum after the murder of her husband Emperor Aurelian. David Sear notes the unusual obverse legend and the singular ending of the reverse legend on this type, strongly suggests that Severin was regarded at Antioch as the reigning empress and sole ruler when this coin was struck.BB11263. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 3199 (12 spec.), BnF XII 1357, Göbl MIR 382c1, RIC V-1 19 corr., SRCV III 11702, VF, weight 3.757 g, maximum diameter 22.6 mm, die axis 180o, 1st officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, 7th issue, Sep - Nov 275; obverse SEVERINA P F AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, crescent behind shoulders; reverse CONCORDIA AVG, Severina and the genius (spirit) of the Senate clasping hands, P between, XXI in exergue; SOLD
Severina was the wife of Aurelian. She was possibly the only Roman empress ever to rule in her own right, which she did during the interregnum after her husband's murder.RA73680. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 1816 (54 spec.), Venèra 1375 - 1392, BnF XII 221, Hunter IV 8, Gloucester 179, Navis-Mühlen 112, RIC V-1 4, SRCV III 11705, Cohen VI 7, VF, excellent centering, much silvering, centers a little weak, light cleaning scratches, spots of light corrosion, weight 3.025 g, maximum diameter 21.6 mm, die axis 0o, 2nd officina, Rome mint, 11th issue, early - Sep 275; obverse SEVERINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent; reverse CONCORDIAE MILITVM (harmony with the soldiers), Fides Militum standing facing, head left, flanked by a standard in each hand, B in right field, XXIR in exergue; SOLD
There is considerable numismatic evidence Severina ruled in her own right between the death of Aurelian and the election of Tacitus. Sources mention an interregnum, and some of Severina's coins, including this type, appear to have been minted after Aurelian's death. She may have been the only woman to rule over the whole Roman Empire in her own power. The reverse advertises her good relations with the army, an unusual reverse for an empress, and perhaps an indication of her role as sole ruler.BB09249. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 3193 (19 spec.), RIC V-1 20, BnF XII 1351 - 1352, Bastien-Huvelin 259, SRCV III -, VF, weight 3.91 g, maximum diameter 22.5 mm, die axis 0o, 4th officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, issue 6, early 275 - Sep 275; obverse SEVERINA AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, crescent behind shoulders; reverse CONCORDIAE MILITVM (harmony with the soldiers), Concordia standing facing, head left, flanked by two standards, one in each hand, Q low inner left, XXI in exergue; SOLD
MER-RIC notes that it is practically impossible to distinguish between the Antioch CONCORDIAE MILITVM, 5th issue, MER-RIC 3179, Greek sigma officina mark, ς = 6th officina; and the 6th issue, MER-RIC 3189, Latin officina mark S = 2nd officina.BB21051. Billon antoninianus, BnF XII 1321 (this hairstyle), MER-RIC 3179 or 3189, RIC V-1 20, Amasya 2399, VF, green patina, weight 3.388 g, maximum diameter 21.0 mm, die axis 0o, 2nd or 6th officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, issue 5 or 6, spring 274 - Sep 275; obverse SEVERINA AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, crescent behind shoulders; reverse CONCORDIAE MILITVM (harmony with the soldiers), Concordia standing facing, head left, flanked by two standards, one in each hand, S inner lower left, XXI in exergue; SOLD
There is considerable numismatic evidence Severina ruled in her own right between the death of Aurelian and the election of Tacitus. Sources mention an interregnum, and some of Severina's coins, including this type, appear to have been minted after Aurelian's death. She may have been the only woman to rule over the whole Roman Empire in her own power. The reverse advertises her good relations with the army, an unusual reverse for an empress, and perhaps an indication of her role as sole ruler.RB46608. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 1818 (52 spec.), Hunter IV 11, BnF XII 224 - 227, Venèra 1393 - 1417, Gloucester 180, Navis-Mühlen 113 - 115, RIC V-1 4, SRCV III 11705, VF, bold strike, weight 4.643 g, maximum diameter 22.9 mm, die axis 0o, 3rd officina, Rome mint, issue 11, early - Sep 275; obverse SEVERINA AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, crescent behind shoulders; reverse CONCORDIAE MILITVM (harmony with the soldiers), Concordia standing facing, head left, flanked by two standards, one in each hand, Γ in right field, XXIR in exergue; SOLD
There is considerable numismatic evidence Severina ruled in her own right between the death of Aurelian and the election of Tacitus. Sources mention an interregnum, and some of Severina's coins, including this type, appear to have been minted after Aurelian's death. She may have been the only woman to rule over the whole Roman Empire in her own power. The reverse advertises her good relations with the army, an unusual reverse for an empress, and perhaps an indication of her role as sole ruler.BB20095. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 2442 (22 spec.), RIC V-1 13, Venèra 8940 - 8944, BnF XII 954, Gloucester 452, Colonne 639, Komin 1084, SRCV III 11706, VF, weight 3.664 g, maximum diameter 22.8 mm, 4th officina, Siscia (Sisak, Croatia) mint, issue 9, autumn 274 - spring 275; obverse SEVERINAE AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, crescent behind shoulders; reverse CONCORDIA MILITVM (harmony with the soldiers), Concordia standing facing, head left, flanked by two standards, one in each hand, IV in right field, XXI in exergue; SOLD
There is considerable numismatic evidence Severina ruled in her own right between the death of Aurelian and the election of Tacitus. Sources mention an interregnum, and some of Severina's coins, including this type, appear to have been minted after Aurelian's death. She may have been the only woman to rule over the whole Roman Empire in her own power. The reverse advertises her good relations with the army, an unusual reverse for an empress, and perhaps an indication of her role as sole ruler.RA21067. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 3196 (24 spec.), BnF XII 1353 - 1354, Bastien-Huvelin 293 - 295, RIC V-1 20, SRCV III -, VF, weight 3.819 g, maximum diameter 24.5 mm, die axis 180o, 5th officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, issue 6, early 275 - Sep 275; obverse SEVERINA AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, crescent behind shoulders; reverse CONCORDIAE MILITVM (harmony with the soldiers), Concordia standing facing, head left, flanked by two standards, one in each hand, V inner lower left, XXI in exergue; SOLD
There is considerable numismatic evidence Severina ruled in her own right between the death of Aurelian and the election of Tacitus. Sources mention an interregnum, and some of Severina's coins, including this type, appear to have been minted after Aurelian's death. She may have been the only woman to rule over the whole Roman Empire in her own power. The reverse advertises her good relations with the army, an unusual reverse for an empress, and perhaps an indication of her role as sole ruler.BB08614. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 3198 (12 spec.), RIC V-1 20, BnF XII 1355 - 1356, Bastien-Huvelin 316 - 319, SRCV III -, gVF, weight 4.32 g, maximum diameter 24.7 mm, die axis 0o, 6th officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, issue 6, early - Sep 275; obverse SEVERINA AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, crescent behind shoulders; reverse CONCORDIAE MILIT (harmony with the soldiers), Concordia standing facing, head left, flanked by two standards, one in each hand, VI inner left field, XXI in exergue; SOLD
Severina probably married Aurelian before he became emperor in 270. They had a daughter. According to her coinage, she gained the title Augusta in the autumn of 274, though she may have had the title earlier. She also received the titles Pia (pious) and mater castrorum et senatus et patriae (mother of the barracks (armies), senate, and country). There is considerable numismatic evidence Severina ruled in her own right between the death of Aurelian and the election of Tacitus. Sources mention an interregnum, and some of Severina's coins appear to have been minted after Aurelian's death. She may have been the only woman to rule over the whole Roman Empire in her own power.BB01311. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 2422 (13 spec.), Venèra 8922 - 8923, BnF XII 944, Thibouville 2258, RIC V-1 13, SRCV III 11706, Cohen VI 8, Hunter IV 29 var. (1st officina), EF, weight 3.60 g, maximum diameter 22.2 mm, 2nd officina, Siscia mint, issue 9, phase 3, autumn 274 - spring 275; obverse SEVERINAE AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, crescent behind shoulders; reverse CONCORDIAE MILITVM (harmony with the soldiers), Concordia standing facing, head left, flanked by two standards, one in each hand, S in right field, XXI in exergue; scarce; SOLD
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