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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Roman Coins| ▸ |Recovery of the Empire| ▸ |Severina||View Options:   | | | Ulpia Severina may have been the daughter of Ulpius Crinitus, a general of Valerian. Ulpius Crinitus probably adopted Aurelian in 258 and gave him Severina in marriage. Severina had a daughter by Aurelian, by whom she became grandmother to an Aurelian who became a Senator in the time of Constantine I. Nothing is known of Severina prior to Aurelian's becoming Augustus in the late summer of 270. After that time she traveled with him on his military campaigns and became quite popular with the troops because she devoted her time and wealth to their welfare, in sharp contrast to previous Empresses. It is said that she acquired a martial air, and that her conduct was faultless. For some reason Aurelian did not honor her with coins until at least the third year of his reign, when his own reform of the coinage was under way. When Aurelian was murdered near Byzantium in the late summer of 275, Severina survived and there is substantial evidence from the coins to believe that she may have continued to strike and perhaps even rule during the so-called 'Interregnum.' Her coins of Alexandria dated in the final year of the reign of Aurelian comprise the bulk of that mint's coinage, and her final issues at other mints, which were usually restricted to a few officinae, were struck at all officinae. The last issues of Antioch (approximately August to October of of 275) were all only in her name, and they bear the very unusual title "P F AVG" - unknown for empresses except for a rare issue of Salonina (and then again adopted again in the early fifth century by Galla Placidia, Honoria, and Licinia Eudoxia). Finally, she was the only Empress to strike coins bearing the legend "CONCORDIAE MILITVM," and those coins were her last issue. They seem to have been the hope of an Empress who found herself in charge of a contrite Army. |
There is considerable numismatic evidence Severina ruled in her own right between the death of Aurelian and the election of Tacitus. Sources mention an interregnum, and some of Severina's coins, including this type, appear to have been minted after Aurelian's death. She may have been the only woman to rule over the whole Roman Empire in her own power. The reverse advertises her good relations with the army, an unusual reverse for an empress, and perhaps an indication of her role as sole ruler.SH43297. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 1348 (17 spec.), Bastien 10, BnF XII 14, Sainte-Pallaye 2746, Gloucester 64 - 65, RIC V-1 1 var. (dots in mintmark), Cohen VI 5, SRCV III -, aEF, weight 4.266 g, maximum diameter 23.1 mm, die axis 15o, 4th officina, Lugdunum (Lyon, France) mint, 4th issue, mid 275 A.D.; obverse SEVERINA AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, crescent behind shoulders; reverse CONCORD MILIT (harmony with the soldiers), Concordia seated left, patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, •D•L• in exergue; rare; SOLD
Severina probably married Aurelian before he became emperor in 270. They had a daughter. According to her coinage, she gained the title Augusta in the autumn of 274, though she may have had the title earlier. She also received the titles Pia (pious) and mater castrorum et senatus et patriae (mother of the barracks (armies), senate, and country). There is considerable numismatic evidence Severina ruled in her own right between the death of Aurelian and the election of Tacitus. Sources mention an interregnum, and some of Severina's coins appear to have been minted after Aurelian's death. She may have been the only woman to rule over the whole Roman Empire in her own power.SH32651. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 1796 (48 spec.), BnF XII 181 - 182, Venèra 1082 - 1101, Maravielle 89, Mazzini 3, Tattershall Thorpe 326, RIC V- 3, SRCV III 11704, Cohen VI 3, EF, well centered, silvering, some legend weak, weight 4.127 g, maximum diameter 24.0 mm, die axis 180o, 6th officina, Rome mint, issue 10, end 274 A.D.; obverse SEVERINA AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, crescent behind shoulders; reverse CONCORDIA AVGG (harmony between the emperor and empress), Severina and Aurelian (togate, holding scepter) clasping hands, SXXIR in exergue; sharp, incredibly high relief obverse, much silvering remaining; SOLD
In 274, Rome greeted Aurelian as Restitutor Orbis ("Restorer of the World") and accorded him a magnificent triumph (victory procession), which was graced by his captives Tetricus I and his son Tetricus II. Aurelian's conquests of the Palmyran Empire and the Gallic Empire reunited the Roman Empire.RA85001. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 1792 (63 spec.), Hunter IV 4, BnF XII 174 - 176, Venèra 1032 - 1048, Gloucester 164, RIC V-1 3, SRCV III 11704, Cohen VI 3, Choice EF, perfect centering, excellent strike, full silvering, mint luster, edge crack, weight 3.693 g, maximum diameter 21.6 mm, die axis 180o, 3rd officina, Rome mint, issue 10, end 274 A.D.; obverse SEVERINA AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, crescent behind shoulders; reverse CONCORDIA AVGG (harmony between the emperor and empress), Severina and Aurelian (togate, holding scepter) clasping hands, ΓXXIR in exergue; SOLD
Severina probably married Aurelian before he became emperor in 270. They had a daughter. According to her coinage, she gained the title Augusta in the autumn of 274, though she may have had the title earlier. She also received the titles Pia (pious) and mater castrorum et senatus et patriae (mother of the barracks (armies), senate, and country). There is considerable numismatic evidence Severina ruled in her own right between the death of Aurelian and the election of Tacitus. Sources mention an interregnum, and some of Severina's coins appear to have been minted after Aurelian's death. She may have been the only woman to rule over the whole Roman Empire in her own power.RB99281. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 2405 (26 spec.), RIC V-1 13, Venèra 8851 - 8855, BnF XII 933, Gloucester 443, SRCV III 11706, Cohen VI 8, Hunter IV 30 var. (6th officina), Choice VF, well centered, dark patina, highlighting light earthen deposits, light scratches, weight 4.012 g, maximum diameter 22.6 mm, die axis 0o, 3rd officina, Siscia (Sisak, Croatia) mint, issue 9, autumn 274 - spring 275; obverse SEVERINAE AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, crescent behind shoulders; reverse CONCORDIAE MILITVM (harmony with the soldiers), Concordia standing slightly left, head left, flanked by two standards, one in each hand, TXXI in exergue; SOLD
Juno was the chief female divinity in the Roman pantheon. She was the wife of Jupiter and a member of the Capitoline Triad. She had many different aspects, such as Juno Moneta, Juno Sospita, and Juno Lucina, but here she is depicted as Juno Regina, "Juno the Queen." Juno is usually shown holding a patera, scepter or a statuette of Athena, and is often accompanied by a peacock.RB73881. Bronze as, MER-RIC 1879 (94 spec.), RIC V-1 7, BnF XII 310 - 313, Hunter IV 15, Mazzini 9, Cohen VI 9, SRCV III 11711, aVF, well centered, nice portrait, light corrosion and encrustation, weight 8.524 g, maximum diameter 26.1 mm, die axis 0o, 6th officina, Rome mint, 11th issue, early - Sep 275; obverse SEVERINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right; reverse IVNO REGINA, Juno standing slightly left, head left, patera in right hand, long scepter vertical behind in left hand, peacock left at feet on left, Σ in exergue; SOLD
Severina, Augusta Spring 274 - November 275 A.D., Wife of Aurelian
There is considerable numismatic evidence Severina ruled in her own right between the death of Aurelian and the election of Tacitus. Sources mention an interregnum, and some of Severina's coins, including this type, appear to have been minted after Aurelian's death. She may have been the only woman to rule over the whole Roman Empire in her own power. The reverse advertises her good relations with the army, an unusual reverse for an empress, and perhaps an indication of her role as sole ruler.RA91442. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 3193 (19 spec.), RIC V-1 20, BnF XII 1351 - 1352, Bastien-Huvelin 259, SRCV III -, Choice gVF, well centered and struck, much silvering remaining, edge ragged (as struck), weight 4.118 g, maximum diameter 22.7 mm, die axis 0o, 4th officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, issue 6, early 275 - Sep 275; obverse SEVERINA AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, crescent behind shoulders; reverse CONCORDIAE MILITVM (harmony with the soldiers), Concordia standing facing, head left, flanked by two standards, one in each hand, Q low inner left, XXI in exergue; from the Maxwell Hunt Collection; SOLD
Denarii of this period are scarce.BB66899. Billon denarius, MER-RIC 1861 (51 spec.), Hunter IV 3, BnF XII 285, Venèra 1510 - 1511, Gloucester 195, Maravielle 921, Troussey 4114 - 4116, RIC V-1 6, SRCV III 11710, VF, weight 2.352 g, maximum diameter 18.3 mm, die axis 180o, 5th officina, Rome mint, issue 11, early - Sep 275; obverse SEVERINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right; reverse VENVS FELIX (Venus who brings good fortune), Venus standing left, holding seated cupid in right hand, long scepter in vertical behind in left hand, E in exergue; scarce; SOLD
Juno was the chief female divinity in the Roman pantheon. She was the wife of Jupiter and a member of the Capitoline Triad. She had many different aspects, such as Juno Moneta, Juno Sospita, and Juno Lucina, but here she is depicted as Juno Regina, "Juno the Queen." Juno is usually shown holding a patera, scepter or a statuette of Athena, and is often accompanied by a peacock.SH65365. Bronze as, MER-RIC 1884 (35 spec.), BnF XII 319 - 321, Hunter IV 17, RIC V-1 7, SRCV III 11711, Cohen VI 9, VF, weight 8.682 g, maximum diameter 24.8 mm, die axis 0o, 7th officina, Rome mint, 11th issue, early - Sep 275; obverse SEVERINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right; reverse IVNO REGINA, Juno standing slightly left, head left, patera in right hand, long scepter vertical behind in left hand, peacock left at feet on left; SOLD
Severina probably married Aurelian before he became emperor in 270. They had a daughter. According to her coinage, she gained the title Augusta in the autumn of 274, though she may have had the title earlier. She also received the titles Pia (pious) and mater castrorum et senatus et patriae (mother of the barracks (armies), senate, and country). There is considerable numismatic evidence Severina ruled in her own right between the death of Aurelian and the election of Tacitus. Sources mention an interregnum, and some of Severina's coins appear to have been minted after Aurelian's death. She may have been the only woman to rule over the whole Roman Empire in her own power.SH04055. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 1558 (144 spec.), RIC V-1 9, Venèra 5724 - 5802, BnF XII 649 - 655, Hunter IV 26, Gloucester 298, Maravielle 383, Choice VF+, weight 3.68 g, maximum diameter 21.7 mm, die axis 180o, 5th officina, Ticinum (Pavia, Italy) mint, issue 4, Nov 274 - Sep 275; obverse SEVERINA AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, crescent behind shoulders; reverse PROVIDEN DEOR (the foresight of the gods) (Foresight of the gods), Fides (or Severina) standing right holding two standards, facing Sol standing slightly left, radiate, nude but for chlamys over shoulders and left arm, raising right hand commanding the sun to rise, globe in left UIXXT in exergue; from the Aiello Collection; SOLD
Severina, Augusta Spring 274 - November 275 A.D., Roman Provincial Egypt
ex Col. J W Curtis collection, with his sturdy hand-made cardboard holder, noting ex Spink 9-52 211 2713.RX22035. Billon tetradrachm, Curtis 1822 (this coin), Milne 4484, BMC Alexandria 2381, gVF, weight 7.063 g, maximum diameter 20.1 mm, die axis 45o, Alexandria mint, Aug 274 - Aug 275 A.D.; obverse OVΛΠ CEVHPINA CEB, diademed and draped bust right; reverse ETOVC S (year 6), eagle standing half-left, head right, wreath in beak; scarce; SOLD
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