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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Roman Coins| ▸ |Crisis & Decline| ▸ |Trajan Decius||View Options:  |  |  |     

Trajan Decius, July 249 - First Half of June 251 A.D.

Trajan Decius, a general under Philip I, successfully crushed the revolt of Pacatian. His troops forced him to assume the imperial dignity and although he still protested his loyalty, Philip advanced against him. Decius was victorious and Philip was killed. The Senate then recognized Decius as Emperor, giving him the attribute Traianus as a reference to that good emperor. As the Byzantine historian Zosimus later noted: "Decius was therefore clothed in purple and forced to undertake the government, despite his reluctance and unwillingness." Decius spent the rest of his short reign combating barbarians. Sometime in the first two weeks of June 251, Trajan Decius and his son Herennius Etruscus became the first Roman emperors to die in battle against a foreign enemy. Herennius died at his father's side, struck by an arrow. Decius survived the initial confrontation, only to be slain with the rest of the army before the end of the day.

Trajan Decius, September 249 - June or July 251 A.D., Rhesaena, Mesopotamia

|Roman| |Mesopotamia|, |Trajan| |Decius,| |September| |249| |-| |June| |or| |July| |251| |A.D.,| |Rhesaena,| |Mesopotamia||AE| |26|
Rhesaena (numerous other variations of the ancient name include Rhesaina, Resaena) in the Roman province of Mesopotamia Secunda, was an important town in the far north of Mesopotamia, was on the way from Carrhae to Nicephorium, about eighty miles from Nisibis and forty from Dara, near the sources of the Chaboras (Khabur) River. Today, it is Ra's al-'Ayn, Syria. Gordian III fought the Persians nearby in 243, at the battle of Resaena. The city's coins show that it was a Roman colony from the time of Septimius Severus. The Notitia dignitatum (ed. Boecking, I, 400) lists it under the jurisdiction of the Dux of Osrhoene. Hierocles (Synecdemus, 714, 3) also locates it in Osrhoene but it was renamed Theodosiopolis. It was fortified by Justinian. In 1393, it was nearly destroyed by Tamerlane's troops.
RB90731. Bronze AE 26, Castelin Rhesaena 87; SNG Cop 248; BMC Arabia p. 130, 30 var. (bust left), VF, attractive portrait, interesting reverse, porous, weight 12.10 g, maximum diameter 26.0 mm, die axis 180o, Rhesaena (Ra's al-'Ayn, Syria) mint, obverse AYT K Γ MEKY ΔEKIOC TPAIANOC CEB, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse XEΠ KOΛ PHCAINHCIWN LIIIP, two Tyches clasping hands over lit altar; Aquarius on short column to left; centaur Sagittarius on right, advancing right, drawing bow; eagle above, open wings, head left, wreath in beak, river-god Chaboras swimming right in exergue; rare; SOLD


|Trajan| |Decius|, |Trajan| |Decius,| |September| |249| |-| |June| |or| |July| |251| |A.D.||sestertius|
Trajan Decius, a general under Philip I, was sent to crush the revolt of Pacatian but was forced by his troops to declare himself emperor. He defeated Philip in a great battle at Verona. Decius spent the rest of his short reign combating barbarians. In June 251, Trajan Decius and his son Herennius Etruscus became the first Roman emperors to die in battle against a foreign enemy.
RB95778. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC IV 113b (R); Cohen V 28, SRCV III 9400, Hunter III - (p. xcvii), gVF/VF, excellent portrait, well centered, dark brown patina, porosity especially on the reverse, weight 16.114 g, maximum diameter 29.4 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 249 - 251 A.D.; obverse IMP C M Q TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right, slight drapery; reverse DACIA, Dacia standing facing, head left, wearing robe reaching feet, vertical standard in right hand, S - C (senatus consulto) across field; rare; SOLD


Divus Trajan, Commemorative Issued by Trajan Decius, 250 - 251 A.D.

|Trajan|, |Divus| |Trajan,| |Commemorative| |Issued| |by| |Trajan| |Decius,| |250| |-| |251| |A.D.||antoninianus|
RIC notes that the commencement of the divi series of antoniniani may be attributed with certainty by their weight to Trajan Decius and issue may have continued into the reign of Trebonianus Gallus.
RS72388. Silver antoninianus, RIC IV Decius 85b (R), RSC II Trajan 666, SRCV III 9740, Hunter III -, F, toned, weight 4.575 g, maximum diameter 22.6 mm, die axis 45o, Mediolanum (Milan, Italy) mint, 250 - 251 A.D.; obverse DIVO TRAIANO, radiate bust right, slight drapery on left shoulder; reverse CONSECRATIO, eagle standing half right, wings open, head turned back left; scarce; SOLD


|Trajan| |Decius|, |Trajan| |Decius,| |September| |249| |-| |June| |or| |July| |251| |A.D.||as|
A scarce denomination for the period.
RB72154. Copper as, RIC IV 120a (S), Cohen V 72, SRCV III 9428, Hunter III 52 var. (draped), VF, superb portrait, well centered, flan cracks, porous, weight 9.489 g, maximum diameter 25.1 mm, die axis 225o, Rome mint, Jul 249 - Jun 251 A.D.; obverse IMP C M Q TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse LIBERALITAS AVG (the generosity of the Emperor), Liberalitas standing slightly left, counting board in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, S - C (senatus consulto) flanking low across field; scarce; SOLD


Divus Augustus, Commemorative Issued by Trajan Decius, 250 - 251 A.D.

|Augustus|, |Divus| |Augustus,| |Commemorative| |Issued| |by| |Trajan| |Decius,| |250| |-| |251| |A.D.||antoninianus|
RIC notes that the commencement of the divi series of antoniniani may be attributed with certainty by their weight to Trajan Decius and issue may have continued into the reign of Trebonianus Gallus.
RS72390. Silver antoninianus, RIC IV Decius 78 (R); RSC I Augustus 578; Hunter III p. 255, 2; SRCV III 9459, EF, a few marks, slightly grainy surfaces, weight 3.312 g, maximum diameter 20.7 mm, die axis 0o, Mediolanum (Milan, Italy) mint, 250 - 251 A.D.; obverse DIVO AVGVSTO, radiate young head of Divus Augustus right; reverse CONSECRATIO, large nearly square flaming altar, three steps and two panel doors on front; rare; SOLD




    




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OBVERSE| LEGENDS|

IMPCAESCMESSQDECIOTRAIAVG
IMPCAESCMESSTRAIQDECIOAVG
IMPCAESQTRAIANVSDECIVS
IMPCAETRADECAVG
IMPCAETRADECIVSAVG
IMPCDECIVSAVG
IMPCMQTRAIANVSDECIVSAVG
IMPTRAIANVSAVGDECIVS
IMPTRAIANVSDECIVSAVG


REFERENCES|

Banti, A. & L. Simonetti. Corpus Nummorum Romanorum. (Florence, 1972-1979).
Calicó, X. The Roman Avrei, Vol. Two: From Didius Julianus to Constantius I, 193 AD - 335 AD. (Barcelona, 2003).
Cohen, H. Description historique des monnaies frappées sous l'Empire Romain, Vol. 5: Gordian I to Valerian II. (Paris, 1885).
Mattingly, H., E. Sydenham & C. Sutherland. The Roman Imperial Coinage, Vol IV, From Pertinax to Uranius Antoninus. (London, 1986).
Robinson, A. Roman Imperial Coins in the Hunter Coin Cabinet, University of Glasgow, Vol. III. Pertinax to Aemilian. (Oxford, 1977).
Seaby, H. & D. Sear. Roman Silver Coins, Volume IV, Gordian III to Postumus. (London, 1982).
Sear, D. Roman Coins and Their Values III, The Accession of Maximinus I to the Death of Carinus AD 235 - AD 285. (London, 2005).
Vagi, D. Coinage and History of the Roman Empire. (Sidney, 1999).

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