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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Roman Coins| ▸ |Crisis & Decline| ▸ |Trajan Decius||View Options:   | | | Trajan Decius, a general under Philip I, successfully crushed the revolt of Pacatian. His troops forced him to assume the imperial dignity and although he still protested his loyalty, Philip advanced against him. Decius was victorious and Philip was killed. The Senate then recognized Decius as Emperor, giving him the attribute Traianus as a reference to that good emperor. As the Byzantine historian Zosimus later noted: "Decius was therefore clothed in purple and forced to undertake the government, despite his reluctance and unwillingness." Decius spent the rest of his short reign combating barbarians. Sometime in the first two weeks of June 251, Trajan Decius and his son Herennius Etruscus became the first Roman emperors to die in battle against a foreign enemy. Herennius died at his father's side, struck by an arrow. Decius survived the initial confrontation, only to be slain with the rest of the army before the end of the day. |
This coin commemorates an Olympic victory by Anazarbus. Agonistic "urns" or "crowns" were awarded to winners at ancient Greek games. They are called "crowns" because they may have been placed on the head of the victor. Beginning about two decades after this issue, the Olympics would begin a long decline. In 267, the German Heruli invaded Greece attacking Athens, Corinth, Argos, and Sparta. Although the invaders probably never reached Olympia, buildings were dismantled for material to build a wall around the Temple of Zeus and the Bouleterion. An earthquake, a failing economy, further invasions, and Christian antagonism probably caused further decline. The record of victors is very patchy after 261, with a gap of nearly a century from c. 277 to c. 369. Events may merely lack documentation or perhaps there was a moratorium. The last known Olympic victor was the Athenian boxer, M. Aurelios Zopyros in 385. In 393, Theodosius I outlawed all pagan festivals, including the Olympics, ending a thousand years of Greek tradition. Source: Eros and Greek Athletics by Thomas F. Scanlon.RP84934. Bronze triassarion, Ziegler An 744 (Vs 2/Rs 2, 4 spec.), SNG Levante 1495, SNG Pfalz 4732, SNG Leypold 2272, SNG BnF -, SNGvA -, F, dark patina, interesting portrait, porous, weight 8.486 g, maximum diameter 24.1 mm, die axis 180o, Anazarbus (Anavarza, Turkey) mint, 249 - 250 A.D.; obverse AYT K KVI TPAIAN ΔEKIOC CEB, radiate head right; reverse ANAZA• ENΔOΞ• ET HΞC (glorious Anazarbus, year 268), agonistic prize crown inscribed ΔEKIOC, containing palm frond, Γ - Γ (seat of 3 provinces, holder of 3 neocorates) flanking crown, OIKOVM/ENIKOC (Ecumenical = Olympic Games) in two lines below; very rare; SOLD
Mars was the god of war and also an agricultural guardian. He was the father of Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome. In early Rome, he was second in importance only to Jupiter, and the most prominent of the military gods in the religion of the Roman army. Most of his festivals were held in March, the month named for him (Latin Martius), and in October, which began and ended the season for military campaigning and farming.SH72657. Bronze semis, RIC IV 128, Cohen V 102, Hunter III 55, SRCV III 9433, gVF, nice patina, weight 3.529 g, maximum diameter 18.9 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, obverse IMP C M Q TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse Mars standing facing in military garb, helmeted head left, resting right hand on grounded shield, inverted vertical spear behind in in left, S - C (senatus consulto) flanking across field; SOLD
Trajan Decius, September 249 - June or July 251 A.D., Augusta, Cilicia
Augusta, Cilicia was founded in 20 A.D., and named for Livia (Julia Augusta). Just over 16 km north of Adana in a loop of the river Seyhan (Sarus), and at the west end of a narrow plain bounded to the north and south by low hills. Represented at the Council of Chalcedon in 451, the city probably did not long survive the Moslem invasion of Cilicia in the 7th century. The site, discovered by chance in 1955, was identified by ancient literary sources and from finds there, and in the neighboring village of Gübe, of Roman provincial coins naming the city. Later that same year Gübe, and with it the ruins of Augusta, disappeared below the waters of the Seyhan dam, but not before the site had been partially surveyed. Two colonnaded streets crossed each other at right angles typical of Roman towns in Cilicia. The foundations of a triumphal arch, a theater, a civic basilica, some shops, a bath building, were mapped. These structures were all of brick and mortar, and probably dated to the 3rd century.RP111040. Bronze AE 19, apparently unpublished; SNG BnF -, SNG Levante -, SNG Cop -, SNGvA -, SNG Tahberer -, SNG Pfälzer -, BMC Cilicia -, Lindgren -, VF, near centered, dark patina, choice reverse, light marks, weight 4.773 g, maximum diameter 18.8 mm, die axis 0o, Cilicia, Augusta (under Seyhan Dam Reservoir) mint, autumn 249 - Jun/Jul 251 A.D.; obverse AVT KAI KYN ΔEKION TPAIANON CEB, laureate head right, light beard; reverse AVΓOVCTANΩN ET ΘKC (of Augustus, year 229), draped bust of ivy wreathed Dionysos right; zero sales of this type listed on Coin Archives in the last two decades; extremely rare; SOLD
Divus Nerva, Commemorative Issued by Trajan Decius, 250 - 251 A.D.
RIC notes that the commencement of the divi series of antoniniani may be attributed with certainty by their weight to Trajan Decius and issue may have continued into the reign of Trebonianus Gallus. An otherwise identical type was struck with the obverse legend DIVO NERVE (RIC 83b). The final visible letter does not, however, looks more like an A than an E and there does seem to be a slight indication of the missing final letter.RS72389. Silver antoninianus, RIC IV Decius 84b (R2); RSC II Nerva 153; Hunter III p. 256, 14; SRCV III 9469, gVF, well centered, final E in obverse legend unstruck (filled die?), darker spots of oxidation, weight 4.007 g, maximum diameter 22.1 mm, die axis 0o, Mediolanum (Milan, Italy) mint, 250 - 251 A.D.; obverse DIVO NERVA[E], radiate head of Divus Nerva right; reverse CONSECRATIO, large rectangular flaming altar, taller than it is wide, with two panel doors on front; rare; SOLD
| The Dacian Draco was the standard ensign of troops of the ancient Dacian people, which can be seen in the hands of the soldiers of Decebalus in several scenes depicted on Trajan's Column in Rome, Italy. It has the form of a dragon with open wolf-like jaws containing several metal tongues. The hollow dragon's head was mounted on a pole with a fabric tube affixed at the rear. In use, the draco was held up into the wind, or above the head of a horseman, where it filled with air and gave the impression it was alive while making a shrill sound as the wind passed through its strips of material. |  |
Antoninus Pius, August 138 - 7 March 161 A.D., Commemorative Struck by Trajan Decius
Trajan Decius struck a series of commemorative antoniniani honoring previous emperors, including this type struck for Antoninus Pius.SH59736. Silver antoninianus, RIC IV 90; RSC Antoninus Pius 1189; Hunter III p. 257, 23; SRCV 9475, Choice gVF, broad flan, full circles centering, weight 3.799 g, maximum diameter 23.5 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 249 - 251 A.D.; obverse DIVO PIO, radiate head of Antoninus Pius right; reverse CONSECRATIO, flaming altar with doors and horned roof; ex Calgary Coins, ex Beast Coins, ex Forum (2011); SOLD
In Roman religion, every man has a genius, a presiding spirit. In De Die Natali, Censorinus says, from the moment we are born, we live under the guard and tutelage of Genius. Cities, organizations, and peoples also had a genius. On coins, we find inscriptions to the Genius of the Roman people, of the Senate, of the Emperor, etc. The legend GENI EXERCITVS ILLVRICI dedicates this coin to the Genius of the army in Illyria (an area in the western Balkans).
Genius' image is of a man with a cloak half covering the shoulders leaving the rest of his body naked, holding a cornucopia in one hand, and a simpulum or a patera in the other.RB73735. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC IV 119b (S), Cohen V 56, SRCV III 9404, Hunter III 35 var. (EXERC. ILLVRICIANI), VF, superb portrait, nice near black patina, weight 9.594 g, maximum diameter 27.6 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 249 - 251 A.D.; obverse IMP C M Q TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG, laureate, cuirassed and slightly draped bust right, from front; reverse GENIVS EXERCITVS ILLVRICIANI, Genius standing left, naked except for polos on head and cloak over shoulder, patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, grounded standard behind, S - C (senatus consulto) flanking across field; ex Croydon Coin Auction 134 (London, 20 Feb 1996), lot 655; scarce; SOLD
His troops forced Decius to assume the imperial dignity and although he still protested his loyalty, Philip advanced against him. Decius was victorious and Philip was killed. The Senate then recognized Decius as Emperor, giving him the attribute Traianus as a reference to that good emperor. As the Byzantine historian Zosimus later noted: "Decius was therefore clothed in purple and forced to undertake the government, despite his reluctance and unwillingness."RB48345. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC IV 125, Cohen V 23, VF, nice portrait, squared flan typical of the period, areas of light corrosion, weight 16.349 g, maximum diameter 30.7 mm, die axis 15o, Rome mint, obverse IMP C M Q TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG, laureate bust right; reverse PAX AVGVSTI (to the peace of the emperor), Pax standing left, branch in raised right hand, transverse scepter in left hand, S - C across fields; scarce; SOLD
His troops forced Decius to assume the imperial dignity and although he still protested his loyalty, Philip advanced against him. Decius was victorious and Philip was killed. The Senate then recognized Decius as Emperor, giving him the attribute Traianus as a reference to that good emperor. As the Byzantine historian Zosimus later noted: "Decius was therefore clothed in purple and forced to undertake the government, despite his reluctance and unwillingness."RB95781. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC IV 107a (R), Cohen V 94, SRCV III 9408, Hunter III 28 var. (cuirassed), VF, excellent portrait, attractive green patina, well centered on a tight squared flan, weight 19.142 g, maximum diameter 28.6 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 249 A.D.; obverse IMP C M Q TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG, laureate and draped bust right; reverse PAX AVGVSTI (to the peace of the emperor), Pax standing facing, head left, branch in raised right hand, transverse scepter in left hand, S - C across fields; rare; SOLD
In 249, Trajan Decius put down a revolt in Moesia and Pannonia. After his legionaries proclaimed him emperor, he marched them to Verona, where he defeated and killed Philip the ArabRB97218. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC IV 124a (S), Banti 22, Hunter III 54, Cohen V 87, SRCV III 9407, VF, green patina, well centered on a tight flan, old bump on nose, weight 15.768 g, maximum diameter 26.8 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, Jul 249 - Jun or Jul 251 A.D.; obverse IMP C M Q TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG, laureate, cuirassed, slight drapery on far shoulder, bust right; reverse PANNONIAE, the two Pannoniae standing facing, looking away from each other, each holding a standard, S - C (senatus consulto) across fields; SOLD
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