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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Roman Coins| ▸ |Crisis & Decline| ▸ |Trajan Decius||View Options:   | | | Trajan Decius, a general under Philip I, successfully crushed the revolt of Pacatian. His troops forced him to assume the imperial dignity and although he still protested his loyalty, Philip advanced against him. Decius was victorious and Philip was killed. The Senate then recognized Decius as Emperor, giving him the attribute Traianus as a reference to that good emperor. As the Byzantine historian Zosimus later noted: "Decius was therefore clothed in purple and forced to undertake the government, despite his reluctance and unwillingness." Decius spent the rest of his short reign combating barbarians. Sometime in the first two weeks of June 251, Trajan Decius and his son Herennius Etruscus became the first Roman emperors to die in battle against a foreign enemy. Herennius died at his father's side, struck by an arrow. Decius survived the initial confrontation, only to be slain with the rest of the army before the end of the day. |
Liberality is personified by the image of a woman, holding in one hand a counting board, or square tablet with a handle on which are cut a certain number of holes. These boards were used to quickly count the proper number of coins or other items for distribution to each person. It appears they were held over a container, covered with coins and the excess swept away back into the container. The proper number of coins would fill the holes and then would be dumped out to the recipient. On coins this symbol indicated the prince had given to the people money, grain, or other articles of consumption. In the other hand she holds a cornucopia, to indicate the abundance of wheat contained in the public granaries.RB88868. Copper as, RIC IV 120b (S), Cohen V 71, Hunter III 52, SRCV III 9428, VF, dark brown patina, oval flan, porosity/light corrosion, pit on jaw small edge split, weight 10.394 g, maximum diameter 28.6 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, Jul 249 - Jun 251 A.D.; obverse IMP C M Q TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse LIBERALITAS AVG (the generosity of the Emperor), Liberalitas standing slightly left, counting board in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, S - C (senatus consulto) flanking low across field; scarce; SOLD
Trajan Decius, September 249 - June or July 251 A.D., Rhesaena, Mesopotamia
Rhesaena, in the Roman province Mesopotamia Secunda, became a colony during the reign of Septimius Severus, when the Legio III Parthica was settled there. Rhesaena was an important town in the far north of Mesopotamia, on the way from Carrhae to Nicephorium, about eighty miles from Nisibis and forty from Dara, near the sources of the Chaboras (Khabur) River. Today, it is Ra's al-'Ayn, Syria. Gordian III fought the Persians nearby in 243, at the battle of Resaena. The Notitia dignitatum (ed. Boecking, I, 400) lists it under the jurisdiction of the Dux of Osrhoene. Hierocles (Synecdemus, 714, 3) also locates it in Osrhoene but it was renamed Theodosiopolis. It was fortified by Justinian. In 1393, it was nearly destroyed by Tamerlane's troops.RP80299. Bronze AE 25, RPC Online IX 1576; BMC Arabia p. 127, 13; SNG Cop 250; SNG Hunt 2463, F, weight 11.267 g, maximum diameter 25.4 mm, die axis 315o, Rhesaena (Ra's al-'Ayn, Syria) mint, Jul 249 - Jul 251 A.D.; obverse AYT K Γ ME KY ΔEKIOC TPAIANOC CEB (Imperator Caesar Gaius Messius Quintus Decius Traianus Augustus), radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse CEΠ KOΛ PHCAINHCIWN L III P, priest with yoke of two oxen right, holding staff, plowing the pomerium (sacred boundary), founding a new colony; eagle above, wings spread, head left, wreath in beak; river god (Chaboras) swimming right in exergue (off flan); SOLD
Trajan Decius, September 249 - June or July 251 A.D., Edessa, Mesopotamia
| Although the site of Urfa has been inhabited since prehistoric times, the city was founded in 304 B.C. by Seleucus I Nicator and named Edessa after the ancient capital of Macedonia. In the late 2nd century, as the Seleucid dynasty disintegrated, it became the capital of the Arab Nabataean Abgar dynasty, which was successively a Parthian, Armenian, and Roman client state and eventually a Roman province. Its location on the eastern frontier of the Empire meant it was frequently conquered during periods when the Byzantine central government was weak, and for centuries, it was alternately conquered by Arab, Byzantine, Armenian, Turkish rulers. In 1098, the crusader Baldwin of Boulogne convinced the Armenian king to adopt him and then seized power, establishing the first crusader state known as the County of Edessa and imposing Latin Christianity on the Greek Orthodox and Armenian Apostolic majority of the population. |  |
In Roman religion, every man has a genius, a presiding spirit. In De Die Natali, Censorinus says, from the moment we are born, we live under the guard and tutelage of Genius. Cities, organizations, and peoples also had a genius. On coins, we find inscriptions to the Genius of the Roman people, of the Senate, of the Emperor, etc. The legend GENIVS EXERC ILLVRICIANI dedicates this coin to the Genius of the army in Illyria (western Balkans).
Genius' image is of a man with a cloak half covering the shoulders leaving the rest of his body naked, holding a cornucopia in one hand, and a simpulum or a patera in the other.RS13213. Silver antoninianus, RIC IV 16(c), RSC IV 49, Hunter III 11, SRCV III 9374, aVF, weight 3.471 g, maximum diameter 21.6 mm, die axis 45o, Rome mint, 249 - 251 A.D.; obverse IMP C M Q TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse GENIVS EXERC ILLVRICIANI, Genius standing left, nude but for cloak over shoulder, patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, standard right; SOLD
Trajan Decius, September 249 - June or July 251 A.D., Viminacium, Moesia Superior
Viminacium was a Roman Colony founded by Gordian III in 239 A.D. The usual legend is P.M.S. COL. VIM., abbreviating Provinciae Moesiae Superioris Colonia Viminacium. The usual type is a female personification of Moesia standing between a lion and a bull. The bull and the lion were symbols of the Legions VII and IV, which were quartered in the province.RP22422. Bronze provincial sestertius, H-J Viminacium 49 (R3); Varbanov I 171, AMNG I/I 135, aVF, weight 15.290 g, maximum diameter 27.8 mm, die axis 45o, Viminacium (Stari Kostolac, Serbia) mint, 250 - 251 A.D.; obverse IMP TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right; reverse P M S COL VIM, Moesia standing facing, head left, holding cornucopia, bull on left standing right, lion on right standing left, AN XII (year 12 of the Viminacium colonial era) in exergue; SOLD
Trajan Decius, September 249 - June or July 251 A.D., Ancient Counterfeit
RS28163. Billon antoninianus, cf. RIC IV 16, RSC IV 49 (official antoninianus, Rome, 249 - 251 AD.), VF, weight 3.467 g, maximum diameter 21.4 mm, die axis 180o, illegal mint, obverse IMP C M Q TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse GENIVS EXERC ILLVRICIANI, Genius standing left, nude but for cloak over shoulder, patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, standard right; SOLD
Trajan Decius, September 249 - June or July 251 A.D., Antioch, Seleucis and Pieria, Syria
In 256 A.D., about six years after this coin was struck, the Persian King Shapur conquered and plundered Antioch.RY79851. Billon tetradrachm, McAlee 1116(h) (rare); Prieur 520 (10 spec.); Dura Coins 478; BMC Galatia p. 220, 584; cf. SNG Hunterian 3086 (2nd off.); SNG Cop -; SNG Munchen -, VF, well centered and struck, dark toning, weight 11.820 g, maximum diameter 27.1 mm, die axis 0o, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, 249 - 250 A.D.; obverse AYT K Γ ME KY ΔEKIOC TPAIANOC CEB, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind, no officina mark; reverse ΔHMAPX EΞOYCIAC (holder of Tribunitian power), eagle standing left on palm frond, wings open, head left, wreath in beak, S C (senatus consulto) in exergue; SOLD
Vespasian, 1 July 69 - 24 June 79 A.D., Posthumous Restoration Issue Struck by Trajan Decius
Restoration issue struck under emperor Trajan Decius.RS87833. Billon antoninianus, RIC Trajan Decius 80 (R); RSC II Vespasian p. 50, 652; Hunter III p. 255, 7 - 8; SRCV III 9461, F, well centered, porous, encrustations, weight 3.466 g, maximum diameter 20.7 mm, die axis 270o, Rome mint, struck under Trajan Decius, 250 - 251 A.D.; obverse DIVO VESPASIANO, radiate head right; reverse CONSECRATIO, flaming nearly square altar, on three steps, four panels on front; rare; SOLD
They look similar, but there is a significant physical difference between angels and Victory. Angels are all male. Victory (Nike) is female. On Byzantine coinage, the male angel replaced the female Victory after the reunion with Rome was concluded on 28 March 519 A.D.RA91817. Silver antoninianus, RIC IV 29c, RSC IV 113a, Hunter III 13, SRCV III 9387, VF, well centered, frosty surfaces coppery spots, weight 3.752 g, maximum diameter 22.7 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 249 - 251 A.D.; obverse IMP C M Q TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse VICTORIA AVG (the victory of the Emperor), Victory walking left, wreath in extended right hand, palm frond in left hand; SOLD
Trajan Decius, September 249 - June or July 251 A.D., Antioch, Seleucis and Pieria, Syria
In 256 A.D., about six years after this coin was struck, the Persian King Shapur conquered and plundered Antioch.RY09556. Billon tetradrachm, RPC Online IX 1692; McAlee 1125(a); Prieur 577; BMC Galatia p. 222, 579; Dura 6 514; SNG Fitz 5919; SNG Cop -, aVF, porous, uneven toning on reverse, weight 11.76 g, maximum diameter 26.6 mm, die axis 180o, 1st officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, 250 - 251 A.D.; obverse AYT K Γ ME KY TPAIANOC ΔEKIOC CEB (Imperator Caesar Gaius Messius Quintus Traianus Decius Augustus), laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, one pellet below; reverse ΔHMAPX EΞOYCIAC (holder of Tribunitian power), eagle on palm, head right, tail left, wreath in beak, S C (senatus consulto) in exergue; SOLD
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