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Joint rule with Heraclius Constantine (his son), 23 January 613 - 3 July 638 A.D. Joint rule with Heraclius Constantine and Heraclonas (his sons), 4 July 638 - 11 January 641 A.D.
Heraclius came to power in 610 following a successful revolt in North Africa against the tyrannical rule of the Emperor Focas. His son Heraclius Constantine was elevated to joint rule in 613 A.D. Heraclius' most spectacular military achievement was the total defeat of Rome's old enemy on the eastern frontier, the Sassanid Persians. Unfortunately, this only facilitated the Arab conquest of Persia and the eastern provinces of the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines lost Syria and Palestine before Heraclius died in early 641 A.D. and Egypt fell to the Arabs soon after.
Byzantine Empire, Heraclius, 5 October 610 - 11 January 641 A.D.
Dumbarton Oaks does not list this type with IE right on the reverse. DOC II-1, pp. 349-350, no. 234 is similar but with only E right on the reverse. Philip Grierson notes it is not possible to date this class precisely. The E on the reverse is probably not a date but a meaningless immobilization of dating used in earlier reigns. It seems this type dated IE is actually earlier than the types dated E, which sometimes have a bearded portrait.BZ113803. Bronze half follis, Morrisson BnF 10/Ct/AE/01; SBCV 873; Hahn MIB 3 234; Sommer 11.107; DOC II-1 -; Wroth BMC -; Tolstoi -; Ratto -, VF, well centered, rough green patina, edge cracks, sprue remnants, weight 6.956 g, maximum diameter 21.4 mm, die axis 90o, Carthage (near Tunis, Tunisia) mint, 611 - 612 A.D.(?); obverse D N ERA-CLIO PP AV, facing, beardless and crowned bust of Heraclius, globus cruciger in right hand; reverse large XX (20 nummi), cross above, star left, pellet in center, IE (regnal year 15?) right, KRTS in exergue; first specimen of the type handled by FORVM; rare; $180.00 (€169.20)
Byzantine Empire, Heraclius & Heraclius Constantine, 23 January 613 - 11 January 641 A.D.
NEW In 629, the Islamic prophet Muhammad had recently succeeded in unifying all of the nomadic tribes of the Arabian Peninsula. Those tribes had previously been too divided to pose a serious military threat to the Byzantines or the Persians. Now unified and animated by their new conversion to Islam, they comprised one of the most powerful states in the region. The first conflict between the Byzantines and Muslims was the Battle of Mu'tah in September 629. A small Muslim skirmishing force attacked the province of Arabia but were repulsed. Because the engagement was a Byzantine victory, there was no apparent reason to make changes to the military configuration of the region. Also, once the severity of the Muslim threat was realized, the Byzantines had little preceding battlefield experience with the Arabs, and even less with zealous soldiers united by a prophet. Even the Strategicon, a manual of war praised for the variety of enemies it covers, does not mention warfare against Arabs at any length. The following year the Muslims launched raids into the Arabah south of Lake Tiberias, taking Al Karak. Other raids penetrated into the Negev reaching as far as Gaza. The Battle of Yarmouk in 636 resulted in a crushing defeat for the larger Byzantine army; within three years, the Levant had been lost again. By the time of Heraclius' death in Constantinople, on February 11, 641, most of Egypt had fallen as well.MA112950. Bronze follis, cf. DOC II-1 106c; Wroth BMC 156; Tolstoi 248; Ratto 1415; Hahn MIB 164a; Sommer 11.57; SBCV 810; Morrisson BnF -, gF, overstruck on earlier coin, weight 5.756 g, maximum diameter 23.1 mm, die axis 210o, 3rd officina, Constantinople? (Istanbul, Turkey) mint, obverse Heraclius in military dress holding long cross on left, Heraclius Constantine in chlamys holding globus cruciger on right; reverse large M (40 nummi), cross above, ANNO left, regnal year right, Γ below (3rd officina), [C..] (mint) in exergue; $5.00 (€4.70)
"CONSTANTINOPOLIS (Istanbul, Turkey - 41°02'N, 28°57'E), founded as Byzantium about 660 BC by Greeks from Megara, is located on the European side of the southern end of the Bosporus. It became a Roman ally in the second century BC, and maintained independent status until at least the first century AD. It was destroyed by Septimius Severus for aiding Pescennius Niger, but rebuilt within the same reign. Constantine I re-founded it as his capital, gave it his name, and opened a mint which struck for over 1,100 years under the Romans and Byzantines. It became the capital of the Byzantine Empire."- from Moneta Historical Research by Tom SchroerSH10981. Gold solidus, DOC II-1 8e; Wroth BMC 18 - 21; Sommer 11.6.1; Morrisson BnF 12 - 13; Ratto 1359; Hahn MIB 8a; SBCV 734; Tolstoi -, Superb EF, weight 4.415 g, maximum diameter 21.3 mm, die axis 180o, 5th officina, Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey) mint, c. 613 - 616 A.D.; obverse dd NN hERACLIuS et hERA CONSt pp AVG, facing busts of Heraclius, on left with short beard, and his son Heraclius Constantine, beardless and smaller, each wearing an elaborate crown with cross, cross between them above; reverse VICTORIA AVGu E (victory of the Emperor, 5th officina), cross potent on three steps, CONOB in exergue; sharp, bold strike, ex Tom Cederlind; SOLD
Byzantine Empire, Heraclius Constantine, 11 January - 20 April 641 A.D.
Most references attribute this type to Heraclius; however, Hahn (MIB) convincingly argues that the K in the reverse right field refers to Heraclius Constantine. During his very short reign, he may have thought it prudent to maintain the same type struck by his father.SH26643. Gold solidus, Hahn MIB 52; SBCV 771 (Heraclius), gVF, weight 4.270 g, maximum diameter 20.4 mm, die axis 180o, 9th officina, Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey) mint, as Senior emperor; obverse Heraclius with long beard and mustache between his sons, Heraclonas on left and Heraclius Constantine on right, all stand facing, each wears crown and chlamys and holds globus cruciger in right hand; reverse VICTORIA AVGu Θ (victory of the Emperor, 9th officina), cross potent on three steps, Heraclian monogram left, K right, CONOB in exergue; scarce; SOLD
Byzantine Empire, Maurice Tiberius, 13 August 582 - 22 November 602 A.D.; Palestina Prima Countermark
Due to new finds around Caesarea Maritima, Wolfgang Schulze re-attributed this countermark from Egypt to Palestina Prima. David Woods proposes that "Nicetas, the cousin of the future emperor Heraclius, ordered the countermarking of these coins as he advanced from Egypt into Palestine during the summer of 610 in order to signal the change of government from Phocas to the Heraclii." Another possible date is after the recovery of Syria from the Persians in 628. Schulze dates it to the Arab siege of 637 - 640 A.D., to which Caesarea succumbed. This is only the third example known of this eagle countermark applied to a coin of Maurice Tiberius. Woods identified the other examples, as "a careless accident."SH77069. Bronze follis, Hahn MIB II 65b, DOC I 22 var. (no 4th officina), SBCV 494; for countermark see Schulze INR 2009, and Woods (Heraclius, Palestina Prima), countermark: VF, coin: aF, areas of corrosion, weight 11.287 g, maximum diameter 31.5 mm, die axis 180o, 4th officina, Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey) mint, coin c. 583 - 584, countermark c. 610 - 637; obverse DN mAV - RC P P AV, crowned bust facing, crown with cross and pendilia, globus cruciger in right hand, shield on left shoulder; reverse large M (40 nummi) between ANNO and II (regnal year 2), Δ (4th officina) below, CON in exergue; countermark: in exergue, eagle standing facing, head right, wings raised, in a round punch; from The Jimi Berlin Caesarea Collection (found at Caesarea, Israel); very rare countermark; SOLD
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