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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Roman Coins| ▸ |The Late Empire| ▸ |Theodosius I||View Options:  |  |  | 
Theodosius I, 19 January 379 - 17 January 395 A.D.

Theodosius I, also known as Theodosius the Great, was the last emperor to rule over both the eastern and western halves of the Roman Empire. The son of the famed general Count Theodosius, he was made emperor in the east by Gratian after the death of Valens at the disastrous Battle of Hadrianople, at a time when the East was ravaged in every direction by the Goths. He defeated them, but the Goths secured control of Illyricum establishing a homeland south of the Danube within the Empire's borders. Theodosius defeated the usurpers Magnus Maximus and Eugenius. He ending Roman slavery and inaugurated a feudal society, a pivotal transformation in European history. He effectively made Nicene Christianity the official state church and fostered the destruction of some prominent pagan temples including the Temple of Apollo in Delphi, the Serapeum in Alexandria, and the Vestal Virgins in Rome. In 393, he banned the Olympics in Ancient Greece. It was not until the end of the 19th century, in 1896, that the Olympics were held again. After his death, Theodosius' sons Arcadius and Honorius inherited the East and West halves respectively, and the Roman Empire was never again re-united.The Roman Empire 395 AD

|Theodosius| |I|, |Theodosius| |I,| |19| |January| |379| |-| |17| |January| |395| |A.D.||half| |centenionalis|
VOT X MVLT XX abbreviates Votis Decennalibus Multis Vicennalibus. This inscription indicated that Theodosius had completed his vows (prayers) to thank God on the tenth anniversary of his rule, and made more vows to God that they might help him achieve his twentieth anniversary. They type was, however, likely issued early in his reign and the inscription had lost it meaning by this time.RL113303. Bronze half centenionalis, cf. SRCV V 20579 ff. (various mints), VF, brown tone, tight flan, mintmark off flan, weight 1.070 g, maximum diameter 12.9 mm, die axis 180o, uncertain mint, c. 279 - 283 A.D.; obverse D N THEODO-SIVS AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse VOT / X / MVLT / XX (L reversed) in wreath, mintmark in exergue; ex Pegasi Numismatics; $50.00 (€47.00)
 


Theodosius I, 19 January 379 - 17 January 395 A.D.

|Theodosius| |I|, |Theodosius| |I,| |19| |January| |379| |-| |17| |January| |395| |A.D.||maiorina|
Between 389 and 392, Theodosius promulgated the "Theodosian decrees," instituting a major change in his religious policies, which removed non-Nicene Christians from church office and abolished the last remaining expressions of Roman religion by making its holidays into workdays, banned blood sacrifices, closed Roman temples, and disbanded the Vestal Virgins. The practices of taking auspices and witchcraft were punished. Theodosius refused to restore the Altar of Victory in the Senate House, as asked by non-Christian senators.MA114427. Bronze maiorina, RIC IX Antioch 63(d)2, LRBC II 2757, SRCV V 20507, Cohen VIII 54, VF/F, dark patina, near centered, mild roughness, weight 4.226 g, maximum diameter 22.3 mm, die axis 0o, 2nd officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, c. 387 - 392 A.D.; obverse D N THEODOSIVS P F AVG, rosette-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse VIRTVS EXERCITI (courage of the army), emperor standing right, vexillum in right hand, globe in left hand, left foot on bound captive kneeling right before him and looking back at him, ANTB in exergue; $5.00 (€4.70)


|Theodosius| |I|, |Theodosius| |I,| |19| |January| |379| |-| |17| |January| |395| |A.D.||solidus|
On 24 November 380, Theodosius I made his adventus, or formal entry, into Constantinople.SH37592. Gold solidus, RIC IX Constantinopolis 70(b)1, Depeyrot 48/4, SRCV V 20398, Cohen VIII 10, choice VF, weight 4.348 g, maximum diameter 21.1 mm, die axis 0o, 1st officina, Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey) mint, c. 387 A.D.; obverse D N THEODOSIVS P F AVG, rosette-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse CONCORDIA AVGGG A (harmony among our three emperors, 1st officina), Constantinopolis seated facing on throne, her helmeted head right, right leg bare, right foot on prow, long grounded scepter in right hand, shield inscribed VOT V MVLT X in left hand supported on the left arm of the throne, each arm of the throne ornamented with a lion head, CONOB in exergue; ex Baldwin's (London); rare; SOLD







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REFERENCES|

Carson, R., P. Hill & J. Kent. Late Roman Bronze Coinage. (London, 1960).
Cohen, H. Description historique des monnaies frappées sous l'Empire Romain, Vol. 8: Nepotian to Romulus Augustus, plus tesserae & cotorniates. (Paris, 1888).
Depeyrot, G. Les monnaies d'or de Constantin II à Zenon (337-491). Moneta 5. (Wetteren, 1996).
Hahn, W. Moneta Imperii Romani-Byzantinii. (Vienna, 1989).
King, C. & D. Sear. Roman Silver Coins, Vol. V, Carausius to Romulus Augustus. (London, 1987).
Paolucci, R. & A. Zub. La monetazione di Aquileia Romana. (Padova, 2000).
Pearce, J. The Roman Imperial Coinage, Vol. IX, Valentinian I - Theodosius I. (London 1933).
Robinson, A. Roman Imperial Coins in the Hunter Coin Cabinet, University of Glasgow, Vol. V. Diocletian (Reform) to Zeno. (Oxford, 1982).
Sear, D. Roman Coins and Their Values, Vol. V: The Christian Empire...Constantine II to Zeno, AD 337 - 491. (London, 2014).
Vagi, D. Coinage and History of the Roman Empire. (Sidney, 1999).

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