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This is perhaps one of the most unusual issues in the entire follis series. It is nearly always attributed to Treveri (Trier), but a comparison of style and examination of hoards reveals that this issue was not struck in Trier but in Cyzicus. The KS in the field between the two figures is actually the mint mark, not the PTR. A look at the coins of Cyzicus (RIC VI Cyzicus 22-23) shows that the same two officinae (4th and 6th) struck this issue with and without the PTR. The Senior Augustus issues of Diocletian and Maximianus were struck at every mint currently in operation. Apparently, the first coins of this type were prepared at Trier and examples were sent to the various mints for the individual mints to copy. At Cyzicus, the die engravers copied everything, including the Trier mint mark and put their own mint mark in the field. Eventually someone realized the mistake and new dies were prepared with the mint mark replacing PTR in its proper location.
Quies is the personification of rest and retirement. This coin honors the Senior Emperors Diocletian and Maximian after their abdication in 305 A.D. The obverse dedicates the coin, to our lord Maximian the happy senior emperor. The reverse translates, By the providence of the gods, the restful retirement of the Emperors.SH51541. Billon follis (large), RIC VI Treveri 677a; cf. RIC VI Cyzicus 22 - 23; SRCV IV -, EF, weight 10.854 g, maximum diameter 27.9 mm, die axis 180o, 6th officina, Cyzicus (Kapu Dagh, Turkey) mint, 305 - 307 A.D.; obverse D N DIOCLETIANO FELICISSIMO SEN AVG, laureate bust right, wearing imperial mantle, olive branch in right hand, mappa in left hand; reverse PROVIDENTIA DEORVM QVIES AVGG, Providentia on left standing right, extending right hand to Quies, who is standing left with branch in right and leaning on scepter in left, S - F in outer fields, KS bottom center, PTR in exergue; rare; SOLD
Trajan, 25 January 98 - 8 or 9 August 117 A.D.
The longest obverse legend on any Roman Imperial coin. All 52 small letters are fairly clear on this exampleRB86119. Orichalcum sestertius, Woytek 591v1, RIC II 663, BMCRE III 1041, Hunter 384, Cohen II 320, Strack I 471, SRCV II 3189, VF, well centered on a tight flan, nice portrait, bumps, marks, cleaning scratches, some corrosion, weight 25.002 g, maximum diameter 33.7 mm, Rome mint, 112 - 115 A.D.; obverse IMP CAES NER TRAIANO OPTIMO AVG GER DAC PARTHICO P M TR P COS VI P P, laureate and draped bust right, seen from behind; reverse PROVIDENTIA AVGVSTI S P Q R, Providentia standing left, pointing with right hand at large globe at feet, scepter in left hand, left elbow resting on draped column, S - C (senatus consulto) flanking at sides; SOLD
Caracalla, 28 January 198 - 8 April 217 A.D.
"A 'dupondius' was originally a Roman Republican coin which equaled two asses. Augustus struck it in orichalcum (80% copper, 20% zinc) at 10.5-13.5 grams and 26-30 millimeters. It was close in size and weight to the as, and only the alloy first differentiated them. Starting with Nero a radiate bust began to appear on them, and that later became their salient feature. Their size and weight varied little over the years, but the alloy decreased in zinc content to about 5%, with tin and lead making up the difference. They were finally driven from circulation by the debased antoninianus and Probus struck the last ones." - from Moneta Historical Research by Tom SchroerSH34810. Orichalcum dupondius, RIC IV 514, BMCRE V 254, Cohen IV 534, aVF, scarce denomination for the reign and period, weight 9.258 g, maximum diameter 25.3 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 213 A.D.; obverse ANTONINVS PIVS AVG BRIT, radiate head right; reverse PROVIDENTIAE DEORVM (to the foresight of the gods), Providentia standing left, baton held over globe in right hand, long scepter in left hand, S - C (senatus consulto) flanking across field; SOLD
Marcus Aurelius, 7 March 161 - 17 March 180 A.D.
Providentia is the personification of the ability to foresee and to make provision for the future. This ability was considered essential for the emperor and providentia was among the embodiments of virtues that were part of the imperial cult. Cicero said that providentia, memoria (memory) and intellegentia (understanding) are the three main components of prudentia, the knowledge what is good or bad or neither.RB72152. Orichalcum dupondius, BMCRE IV p. 584, 1252 & pl. 78, 15 (also with unbroken obverse legend); MIR 18 118-8/50; Hunter II - (p. cxxiii), RIC III -; Cohen IV -; SRCV II -, VF, superb portrait, nice reverse style, dark patina, weight 11.544 g, maximum diameter 25.4 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, Aug - Dec 165 A.D.; obverse M AVREL ANTONINVS AVG ARMENIACVS P M, radiate, bearded head right; reverse TR POT XIX IMP III COS III, Providentia standing slightly left, wand in left hand over globe at feet on left, long scepter vertical in right, S - C across field; very rare - not in RIC or Cohen; SOLD
Maximian, 286 - 305, 306 - 308, and 310 A.D.
Quies is the personification of rest and retirement. This coin honors the Senior Emperors Diocletian and Maximian after their abdication in 305 A.D. The obverse dedicates the coin, "to our lord Maximian the happy senior emperor." The reverse translates, "By the providence of the gods, the restful retirement of the Emperors."SH12509. Billon follis (large), RIC VI Serdica p. 495, 15b; SRCV IV 13408; Cohen VI 489/493; Hunter V -, gem gVF, full circle centering, beautiful effect with silver fields and red copper raised features, weight 8.917 g, maximum diameter 27.8 mm, die axis 180o, 2nd officina, Serdica (Sofia, Bulgaria) mint, 305 - 306 A.D.; obverse D N MAXIMIANO FELICISSIMO SEN AVG, laureate bust right, wearing imperial mantle, olive branch in right hand, mappa in left hand; reverse PROVIDENTIA DEORVM QVIES AVGG, Providentia stands left, Quies stands right holding branch and scepter, S - F at sides, B in center, •SM•SD• in exergue; SOLD
Maximian, 286 - 305, 306 - 308, and 310 A.D.
Quies is the personification of rest and retirement. This coin honors the Senior Emperors Diocletian and Maximian after their abdication in 305 A.D. The obverse dedicates the coin, to our lord Maximian the happy senior emperor. The reverse translates, By the providence of the gods, the restful retirement of the Emperors.SH51542. Billon follis (large), RIC VI Cyzicus p. 582, 23b; SRCV IV 13412; Cohen VI 489/493; Hunter V -, Choice gVF, well centered and struck, some silvering, weight 11.442 g, maximum diameter 28.1 mm, die axis 0o, Cyzicus (Kapu Dagh, Turkey) mint, 305 - 307 A.D.; obverse D N MAXIMIANO FELICISSIMO SEN AVG, laureate bust right, wearing imperial mantle, olive branch in right hand, mappa in left hand; reverse PROVIDENTIA DEORVM QVIES AVGG, Providentia on left standing right, extending right hand to Quies, who is standing left with branch in right and leaning on scepter in left, S - F across fields, KΔ in exergue; scarce; SOLD
Clodius Albinus, Late 195 or Early 196 - 19 February 197 A.D.
African by birth, Clodius Albinus had a distinguished military career and was made governor of Britain. Septimius Severus made him Caesar. In 195 A.D., after consolidating his position, Septimius declared Clodius a public enemy and attacked. In response, Clodius assumed the purple, but he was defeated and committed suicide.RS87922. Silver denarius, RIC IV 1a (R), RSC III 58, BMCRE V 59, SRCV II 6145, Hunter III 1 var. (obv. leg.), VF, excellent portrait, iridescent toning, well centered on a tight flan, weight 3.185 g, maximum diameter 17.6 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, as caesar, early Jun to end 193 A.D.; obverse D CLODIVS ALBINVS CAES, bare head right; reverse PROVID AVG COS (the foresight of the Emperor, consul), Providentia standing left, wand in right hand held over globe at feet, long scepter vertical behind in left hand; ex Numismatik Naumann, auction 67, lot 537; rare; SOLD
Romano-British Empire, Carausius, Mid 286 - Spring or Early Summer 293 A.D.
S - P flanking across the fields with MC in the exergue (S-P/MC) is not a standard mintmark, most references cited do not list any examples with this mark. RIC V-2 does list one type each for Pax, Pietas, and Salus. MC in the exergue was used at Camulodunum for earlier issues but without S - P. Perhaps the rare specimens with this mintmark were issued in a small quantity for some special purpose. Perhaps the engravers just unintentionally added the M out of habit. Perhaps they are all unofficial. Further study is needed.RA73505. Billon antoninianus, apparently unpublished, RIC V-2 -, Webb Carausius -, SRCV IV -, Hunter IV -, Burton Latimer -, Bicester -, Linchmere -, VF/F, dark patina, nice portrait, minor patina chipping on edge, top half of reverse mostly weak or off flan, weight 4.334 g, maximum diameter 22.3 mm, die axis 225o, unofficial or Camulodunum (Colchester, England) mint, 292 - 293 A.D.; obverse IMP C CARAVSIVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse PROVID AVGGG (the foresight of the three emperors), Providentia standing left, raising globe in right hand, transverse scepter in left hand, S - P flanking across fields, MC in exergue; from the Charles Peters Carausius Collection; none of the approximately eighty published Providentia varieties struck under Carausius have this S - P / MC mintmark, no others known to Forum; SOLD
Marcus Aurelius, 7 March 161 - 17 March 180 A.D.
Providentia is the personification of the ability to foresee and to make provision for the future. Providentia was one of the embodiments of virtues that were part of the imperial cult. Cicero said that providentia is one of the three main components of prudentia, "the knowledge of things that are good or bad or neither," along with memoria (memory) and intellegentia (understanding).RS43346. Silver denarius, RIC III 170, RSC II 881, BMCRE IV 439, Choice EF, perfect centering, weight 3.503 g, maximum diameter 20.1 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 166 - 167 A.D.; obverse M ANTONINVS AVG ARM PARTH MAX, laureate head right; reverse TR P XXI IMP IIII COS III, Providentia standing half left, head left, rod in right hand over globe at feet, long scepter vertical in left hand; SOLD
Clodius Albinus, Late 195 or Early 196 - 19 February 197 A.D.
Providence is most often depicted clothed in a matron’s gown, holding a cornucopia in her left hand and in her right a short wand, which she points to a globe. She holds this globe in her right hand or it lies at her feet. The type is intended to mark the power and wisdom of the emperor, who ruled the Roman world.SH85567. Silver denarius, BMCRE V 39 (also small globe), RIC IV 1a (R), RIC III 58, SRCV II 6145, Hunter III 1 var. (obv. leg.), gVF, excellent portrait, light toning, light marks, tight flan, die wear, tiny edge cracks, weight 2.967 g, maximum diameter 18.3 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, as caesar, early Jun to end 193 A.D.; obverse D CLODIVS ALBINVS CAES, bare head right; reverse PROVID AVG COS (the foresight of the Emperor and Consul), Providentia standing facing, head left, wand over small globe in right hand, long scepter vertical in left; rare; SOLD