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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Medieval & Modern Coins| ▸ |Bohemia||View Options:  |  |  | 

Coins of Bohemia

Bohemia is a historical region in central Europe, bounded on the south by Upper and Lower Austria, on the west by Bavaria, on the north by Saxony and Lusatia, on the northeast by Silesia, and on the east by Moravia. It is located in the contemporary Czech Republic with its capital in Prague. The Kingdom of Bohemia was within the Holy Roman Empire and subsequently a province in the Habsburgs' Austrian Empire.

Bohemia, John (the Blind) of Luxembourg, 1310 - 1346

|Bohemia|, |Bohemia,| |John| |(the| |Blind)| |of| |Luxembourg,| |1310| |-| |1346||Parvus|
John is known for having died while fighting in the Battle of Crécy at age 50, after having been blind for a decade. The medieval chronicler Jean Froissart left the following account: "..for all that he was nigh blind, when he understood the order of the battle, he said to them about him: 'Where is the lord Charles my son?' His men said: 'Sir, we cannot tell; we think he be fighting.' Then he said: 'Sirs, ye are my men, my companions and friends in this journey: I require you bring me so far forward, that I may strike one stroke with my sword.' They said they would do his commandment, and to the intent that they should not lose him in the press, they tied all their reins of their bridles each to other and set the king before to accomplish his desire, and so they went on their enemies. The lord Charles of Bohemia his son, who wrote himself king of Almaine and bare the arms, he came in good order to the battle; but when he saw that the matter went awry on their party, he departed, I cannot tell you which way. The king his father was so far forward that he strake a stroke with his sword, yea and more than four, and fought valiantly and so did his company; and they adventured themselves so forward, that they were there all slain, and the next day they were found in the place about the king, and all their horses tied each to other."
ME48547. Silver Parvus, Smolík 1, F, weight 0.340 g, maximum diameter 14.0 mm, die axis 0o, Kuttenberg (Kutná Hora) mint, 1311 - 1319; obverse S WENCEZLAV, half-length bust of Saint Wenceslaus facing; reverse IOHES REX BOEM, rampant lion with double tail left; rare; SOLD


Kingdom of Bohemia, Ferdinand III, 1627 - 1657

|Bohemia|, |Kingdom| |of| |Bohemia,| |Ferdinand| |III,| |1627| |-| |1657||3| |Kreuzer|
Ferdinand III was the eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II from the house of Habsburg and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria. He hoped to be able to make peace quickly with France and Sweden, but the war dragged on for another 11 years, finally coming to an end with the Peace of Westphalia.

In the Peace of Westphalia, his full titles are given as: "Ferdinand the Third, elected Roman Emperor, always August, King of Germany, Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, Brabant, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, Margrave of Moravia, Duke of Luxemburg, of the Higher and Lower Silesia, of Wurtemburg and Teck, Prince of Swabia, Count of Habsburg, Tyrol, Kyburg and Goritia, Marquess of the Sacred Roman Empire, Burgovia, the Higher and Lower Lusace, Lord of the Marquisate of Slavonia, of Port Naon and Salines."
WO59114. Silver 3 Kreuzer, SCWC KM 412; mintmaster Jackob W. Wolker, VF, weight 1.647 g, maximum diameter 19.5 mm, die axis 0o, Prague mint, 1639; obverse FER III D G R IMP FRA S A, Bare headed bust right; reverse G H BOHEMIAE REX 1639, Bohemian arms held by imperial double-headed eagle; SOLD


Bohemia, Ludwig II Jagiello, 1516 - 1526

|Bohemia|, |Bohemia,| |Ludwig| |II| |Jagiello,| |1516| |-| |1526||heller|
Ludwig (Louis) II of the The Jagiellonian dynasty, was King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia from 1516 to 1526. In 1526 Louis II met Suleiman the Magnificent in the famous Battle of Mohács. The Hungarian Army was half the size of the Suleiman's force. The Ottoman army was fatigued by a long march and struggled through the marshy terrain. But Louis did not attack; it would have been unchivalrous to attack the enemy when they were not yet ready for battle. More than 14,000 Hungarian soldiers, more than half the army, were killed in the battle. During retreat the Hungarian king fell from his horse in a river and was drowned by his heavy armor. Then next day, Suleiman gave orders to keep no prisoners; 2,000 were massacred. The battle put an end to independent Hungary; what remained clear of Ottomans was ruled by the Habsburgs, beginning with Ferdinand I.
ME89598. Silver heller, cf. Donebauer 1004, F, toned, light deposits, weight 0.432 g, maximum diameter 12.3 mm, die axis 0o, Kuttenberg mint, c. 1516 - 1526; obverse crowned monogram, L between R P; reverse blank; ex Münzenhandlung Brom (Berlin); SOLD


Bohemia, Wladislaus II, 1471 - 1516

|Bohemia|, |Bohemia,| |Wladislaus| |II,| |1471| |-| |1516||heller|
Vladislaus II was King of Bohemia from 1471 to 1516, and King of Hungary and Croatia from 1490 to 1516. After Matthias's death, Vladislaus laid claim to Hungary (his mother was sister of Matthias's predecessor). The Diet of Hungary elected him king after his supporters defeated John Corvinus. Two other claimants, Maximilian of Habsburg and his own brother, John Albert, invaded Hungary, but they failed and made peace. In Bohemia and in Hungary, Vladislaus always approved the decisions of the Royal Council, hence his nickname "Dobzse László," meaning "King Very Well." Due to concessions made before his election, the treasury could not finance a standing army. The Ottomans made regular raids against the southern border and after 1493 even annexed territories in Croatia.
ME92751. Billon heller, cf. Hoskova p. 163, 596-597; Donebauer 963, VF, weak uneven strike, tight flan, weight .0298 g, maximum diameter 13.0 mm, die axis 0o, Kuttenberg mint, 1471 - 1516; obverse crowned initial W between rings; reverse blank (incuse trace of obverse); ex Manfred Olding-Münznehdl (Osnabrück, Germany), with a couple old collector tags; SOLD


Bohemia, Charles IV, 1346 - 1378

|Bohemia|, |Bohemia,| |Charles| |IV,| |1346| |-| |1378||Parvus|
The eldest son of John the Blind, Charles IV was King of Bohemia, King of Burgundy, and Holy Roman Emperor. His reign marked the Golden Age of Bohemia. He was responsible for the Golden Bull of 1356, a decree that clarified succession to the imperial title. Charles is also remembered for having made Prague the imperial capital. Even today many spots in the city (Charles University, Charles Bridge, and Charles Square) still bear his name.
ME53982. Silver Parvus, Smolík 1, aF, weight 0.344 g, maximum diameter 15.0 mm, die axis 0o, Kuttenberg (Kutná Hora) mint, obverse S WENCEZLAV, half-length bust of Saint Wenceslaus facing; reverse +KAROLVS PRIMVS, rampant lion with double tail left; rare; SOLD


Bohemia, John the Blind of Luxembourg, 1310 - 1346 A.D.

|Bohemia|, |Bohemia,| |John| |the| |Blind| |of| |Luxembourg,| |1310| |-| |1346| |A.D.||groschen|
John is known for having died while fighting in the Battle of Crécy at age 50, after having been blind for a decade. The medieval chronicler Jean Froissart left the following account: "..for all that he was nigh blind, when he understood the order of the battle, he said to them about him: 'Where is the lord Charles my son?' His men said: 'Sir, we cannot tell; we think he be fighting.' Then he said: 'Sirs, ye are my men, my companions and friends in this journey: I require you bring me so far forward, that I may strike one stroke with my sword.' They said they would do his commandment, and to the intent that they should not lose him in the press, they tied all their reins of their bridles each to other and set the king before to accomplish his desire, and so they went on their enemies. The lord Charles of Bohemia his son, who wrote himself king of Almaine and bare the arms, he came in good order to the battle; but when he saw that the matter went awry on their party, he departed, I cannot tell you which way. The king his father was so far forward that he strake a stroke with his sword, yea and more than four, and fought valiantly and so did his company; and they adventured themselves so forward, that they were there all slain, and the next day they were found in the place about the king, and all their horses tied each to other."
ME86661. Silver groschen, Smolik 3, Donebauer 817, Saurma 396, VF, toned, areas of weak strike, scratches, weight 3.478 g, maximum diameter 28.5 mm, die axis 180o, Kuttenberg, (Kutna Hora, Czech Republic) mint, obverse + IOhANNES PRIMVS (inner legend), + DEI GRATIA REX BOEMIE (outer legend), crown in center; reverse + GROSSI PRAGENSES *, lion rampant left; from the Jyrki Muona Collection (private purchase in Prague, Dec 1997); SOLD


Bohemia, Charles IV of Luxembourg, 1346 - 1378

|Bohemia|, |Bohemia,| |Charles| |IV| |of| |Luxembourg,| |1346| |-| |1378||groschen|
The eldest son of John the Blind, Charles IV was King of Bohemia, King of Burgundy, and Holy Roman Emperor. His reign marked the Golden Age of Bohemia. He was responsible for the Golden Bull of 1356, a decree that clarified succession to the imperial title. Charles is also remembered for having made Prague the imperial capital. Even today many spots in the city (Charles University, Charles Bridge, and Charles Square) still bear his name.Charles_IV
ME89595. Silver groschen, Donebauer 836, Weiller 336, VF, toned, weak strike, weight 3.644 g, maximum diameter 28.0 mm, die axis 180o, Kuttenberg (Kutná Hora, Czech Republic) mint, 1346 - 1378; obverse outer legend: + DEI GRATIA REX BOEMIE (By the Grace of God, King of Bohemia), inner legend + KAROLVS PRIMVS (Charles the First), crown; reverse * GROSSI PRAGENSES *, rampant lion left with double tail left; ex Münzenhdl. Brom (Berlin); SOLD


Bohemia, John (the Blind) of Luxembourg, 1310 - 1346

|Bohemia|, |Bohemia,| |John| |(the| |Blind)| |of| |Luxembourg,| |1310| |-| |1346||Parvus|
John is known for having died while fighting in the Battle of Crécy at age 50, after having been blind for a decade. The medieval chronicler Jean Froissart left the following account: "..for all that he was nigh blind, when he understood the order of the battle, he said to them about him: 'Where is the lord Charles my son?' His men said: 'Sir, we cannot tell; we think he be fighting.' Then he said: 'Sirs, ye are my men, my companions and friends in this journey: I require you bring me so far forward, that I may strike one stroke with my sword.' They said they would do his commandment, and to the intent that they should not lose him in the press, they tied all their reins of their bridles each to other and set the king before to accomplish his desire, and so they went on their enemies. The lord Charles of Bohemia his son, who wrote himself king of Almaine and bare the arms, he came in good order to the battle; but when he saw that the matter went awry on their party, he departed, I cannot tell you which way. The king his father was so far forward that he strake a stroke with his sword, yea and more than four, and fought valiantly and so did his company; and they adventured themselves so forward, that they were there all slain, and the next day they were found in the place about the king, and all their horses tied each to other."
ME48548. Silver Parvus, Smolík 1, Fair, weight 0.359 g, maximum diameter 14.6 mm, die axis 180o, Kuttenberg (Kutná Hora) mint, 1311 - 1319; obverse S WENCEZLAV, half-length bust of Saint Wenceslaus facing; reverse IOHES REX BOEM, rampant lion with double tail left; rare; SOLD


Holy Roman Empire, Leopold I the Hogmouth, 18 July 1658 - 5 May 1705, Counterfeit From the Time

|Bohemia|, |Holy| |Roman| |Empire,| |Leopold| |I| |the| |Hogmouth,| |18| |July| |1658| |-| |5| |May| |1705,| |Counterfeit| |From| |the| |Time||3| |Kreuzer|
The obverse legends translates, "Leopold, by God Grace, Emperor of the Romans always august, King of Germany, Hungary and Bohemia." Similar coins were struck in Austria, Bohemia, and Silesia, but this coin has an impossible combination of a Bohemian reverse legend, the arms of Vienna Austria, the and a privy mark that is not listed. It can only be an unofficial counterfeit. We do not know why the counterfeiter made a completely new impossible type instead of just copying an official coin.
WO99072. Silver 3 Kreuzer, Apparently unpublished, gF, porous, small edge chip, weight 0.882 g, maximum diameter 21.4 mm, die axis 0o, unofficial mint, 1699 - 1705; obverse LEOPOLDVS D G R I S A G H B R (Leopoldus, Dei Gratia, Romanorum Imperator Semper Augustus, Germaniae, Hungariae Bohemiaeque Rex), laureate and draped bust right, 3 (denomination) in frame below; reverse GER HVN BO-HEMIA REX 16-99 (Germaniae Hungariae Bohemiaeque Rex), arms of Vienna on breast of crowned imperial two headed eagle, crown breaking date above, (G:B) (privy mark) below; ex Zeus auction 16 (26 Feb 2021), lot 883; SOLD


Breslau, Silesia, Kingdom of Bohemia, Sigismund of Luxembourg, 1419 - 1437

|Bohemia|, |Breslau,| |Silesia,| |Kingdom| |of| |Bohemia,| |Sigismund| |of| |Luxembourg,| |1419| |-| |1437||heller|
Silesia's borders and national affiliation have changed over time, both when it was a hereditary possession of noble houses and after the rise of modern nation-states. The first known states to hold power there were probably those of Greater Moravia at the end of the 9th century and Bohemia early in the 10th century. In the 10th century, Silesia was incorporated into the early Polish state, and after its division in the 12th century became a Piast duchy. In the 14th century, it became a constituent part of the Bohemian Crown Lands under the Holy Roman Empire, which passed to the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy in 1526.
ME89012. Silver heller, Kopicki 8765b (R2), Saurma 67, VF, tight flan, some strike weakness, weight 0.290 g, maximum diameter 11.6 mm, die axis 270o, Breslau, Silesia (Wroclaw, Poland) mint, 1422 - 1437; obverse M O W M O W (O = annulet mint control mark), head of St. John the Baptist facing slightly left; reverse Lion rampant left; annulet (mint control mark) below; ex Münzenhdl Brom (Berlin, Germany); rare; SOLD








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REFERENCES

Cach, F. Nejstarsě Ceské Mince, Teil 1 - 4. (Prague, 1970-1982).
Fiala, E. Beschreibung der Sammlung Böhmischer Münzen und Medaillen des Max Donebauer, mit Anhang. (Prague, 1889-91).
Frynas, J. Medieval Coins of Bohemia, Hungary and Poland. (London, 2015).
Haskova, J. Chebské mince z 12. a 13. století. (Cheb, 1972).
Krause, C. & C. Mishler. Standard Catalog of World Coins. (Iola, WI, 2010 - ).
Krusy, H. Gegenstempel auf Münzen des Spätmittelalters. (Frankfurt & Mainz, 1974).
Levinson, R. The early dated coins of Europe 1234-1500. (Williston, VT, 2007).
Sejbal, J. Moravská mince doby Hussite. (Brünn, 1965).
Smerda, J. Denáry ceské a moravské: katalog mincí ceského státu od X. do pocátku XIII. století. (Brno, 1996).
Smolík, J. Prazské Grose a Jejich Díly (1300-1547). (Prague, 1971).
von Saurma-Jeltsch, H. Die saurmasche Münzsammlung deutscher, schweizerischer und polnischer Gepräge. (Berlin, 1892).
von Saurma-Jeltsch, H. Schlesische Münzen und Medaillen. (Breslau, 1883).

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