| Sol |  |
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| Macrianus, Fall or Winter 260 - Early 261 A.D. |   |
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| SH63759. Billon antoninianus, RSC IV 12a, RIC V 12, VF, dark toning, well centered on a broad flan, weight 3.348 g, maximum diameter 23.3 mm, die axis 0o, Antioch mint, obverse IMP C FVL MACRIANVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right; reverse SOLI INVICTO, Sol standing left, radiate, nude but for chlamys over shoulders, raising right hand commanding the sun to rise, globe in left, star left; rare (R2); $350.00 (€269.50) |
| Severus Alexander, 13 March 222 - March 235 A.D. |  | In 231, Severus Alexander accompanied his mother Julia Mamaea to Syria and campaigns against the Persians. Military command rested in the hands of his generals, but his presence gave additional weight to the empire's policy. The Romans were defeated and withdrew to Syria. After heavy losses on both sides, a truce was signed accepting the status quo. In 233, Alexander celebrated a triumph in Rome to commemorate his "victory."
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| RB63745. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC IV 511, BMCRE VI 742, Cohen 413, gVF, nice patina, weight 19.982 g, maximum diameter 29.7 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 231 A.D.; obverse IMP SEV ALEXANDER PIVS AVG, laureate bust right, slight drapery on far shoulder and back; reverse P M TR P X COS III P P, Sol standing slightly left, radiate, nude but for chlamys over shoulders, raising right hand commanding the sun to rise, whip in right; $170.00 (€130.90) |
| Severus Alexander, 13 March 222 - March 235 A.D. |  | In 231, Severus Alexander accompanied his mother Julia Mamaea to Syria and campaigns against the Persians. Military command rested in the hands of his generals, but his presence gave additional weight to the empire's policy. The Romans were defeated and withdrew to Syria. After heavy losses on both sides, a truce was signed accepting the status quo. In 233, Alexander celebrated a triumph in Rome to commemorate his "victory." |
| RB59039. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC IV 515, Cohen 412, VF, weight 19.853 g, maximum diameter 31.7 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 231 A.D.; obverse IMP ALEXANDER PIVS AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse P M TR P X COS III P P, Sol standing slightly left, radiate, nude but for chlamys over shoulders, raising right hand, globe in left, S - C across fields; from the Raymond Carson Collection; $110.00 (€84.70) |
| Aurelian, August or September 270 - October or November 275 A.D. |  | Oriens is Latin for "east." Literally it means "rising" from orior, "rise." The use of the word for "rising" to refer to the east (where the sun rises) has analogs from many languages: compare the terms "Levant" (French levant "rising"), "Anatolia" (Greek anatole), "mizrahi" in Hebrew (from "zriha" meaning sunrise), "sharq" in Arabic, and others. The Chinese pictograph for east is based on the sun rising behind a tree and "The Land of the Rising Sun" to refers to Japan. Also, many ancient temples, including the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, were built with their main entrances facing the East. To situate them in such a manner was to "orient" them in the proper direction. When something is facing the correct direction, it is said to have the proper "orientation." |
| RS52118. Silvered antoninianus, RIC V 63, VF, weight 4.558 g, maximum diameter 24.50 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 274 - 275 AD; obverse IMP AVRELIANVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right; reverse ORIENS AVG, Sol standing left, raising right hand commanding the sun to rise, globe in left, foot on captive left, captive right, officina number VI in right field, XXI* in ex; near full silvering remaining; $105.00 (€80.85) |
| Severus Alexander, 13 March 222 - March 235 A.D. |  | |
| RS56170. Silver denarius, RIC IV 112, RSC III 427, BMCRE VI 855, VF, weight 2.958 g, maximum diameter 19.1 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 232 A.D.; obverse IMP ALEXANDER PIVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right, from the front; reverse P M TR P XI COS III P P, Sol standing left, radiate, nude but for cloak over shoulders and arms draped behind, raising right hand, globe in left; $105.00 (€80.85) |
| Severus Alexander, 13 March 222 - March 235 A.D. |  | |
| RB57197. Bronze sestertius, RIC IV 535, Cohen 441, VF, weight 20.229 g, maximum diameter 30.1 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 233 A.D.; obverse IMP ALEXANDER PIVS AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse P M TR P XII COS III P P, radiate Sol walking left, raising right, whip in left, S - C across fields; $105.00 (€80.85) |
| Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D. |  | In 277, Probus entered Rome to have his position as Emperor ratified by the Senate. |
| RB29519. Bronze antoninianus, RIC V 351 var (bust type), aVF, weight 3.197 g, maximum diameter 24.0 mm, die axis 0o, Ticinum mint, 277 A.D.; obverse VIRTVS PROBI AVG, radiate nude heroic bust left, aegis across shoulder and spear in right hand; reverse CONSERVAT AVG, Sol standing right, head left, raising hand and holding globe, TXXT in exergue; very rare; $100.00 (€77.00) |
| Gallienus, August 253 - 24 March 268 A.D. |  | In 267, the Goths sacked several cities in southern Greece including Athens, Corinth, Argos and Sparta. An Athenian militia force of 2,000 men under the historian Dexippus, pushed the invaders to the north where they were intercepted by the Roman army under Gallienus. Gallienus won an important victory near the Nestos River, on the boundary between Macedonia and Thrace. |
| RS58208. Billon antoninianus, Göbl MIR 1659f, SRCV III 10364, RIC V 658, RSC IV 987, EF, uncleaned, weight 3.358 g, maximum diameter 19.6 mm, die axis 0o, Antioch mint, 267 A.D.; obverse GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right, from behind; reverse SOLI INVICTO, Sol standing left, raising right, whip in left; $95.00 (€73.15) |
| Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D. |  | In 280, Probus defeated the usurpers, Proculus at Lugdunum (Lyon), Bonosus at Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne), and Julius Saturninus at Apamea, Syria. |
| RB60461. Silvered antoninianus, Alföldi type 27, 74; RIC V 670, VF, weight 3.695 g, maximum diameter 25.4 mm, die axis 0o, Siscia mint, 280 A.D.; obverse IMP C M AVR PROBVS P F AVG, radiate, helmeted and cuirassed bust left, spear in right over shoulder, shield on left arm; reverse CONSERVAT AVG, Sol standing right head left holding globe in left and raising right, S right, XXI in ex; $85.00 (€65.45) |
| Constantine the Great, Early 307 - 22 May 337 A.D. |  | On 3 February 313, Constantine the Great and co-emperor Licinius met at a conference in Mediolanum (modern Milan). They issued the Edict of Milan, which established a policy of religious freedom for all, ending the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire. |
| RB48415. Bronze follis, RIC VI 280, aEF, weight 3.528 g, maximum diameter 20.9 mm, die axis 180o, London mint, 312 - 313 A.D.; obverse IMP CONSTANTINVS P F AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right; reverse SOLI INVICTO COMITI, Sol standing left, raising right hand commanding the sun to rise, globe in left, star left, PLN in ex; $80.00 (€61.60) |
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