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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Themes & Provenance| ▸ |Gods, Olympians| ▸ |Athena or Minerva||View Options:   | | | Athena was the virgin goddess of wisdom, crafts, and battle strategy. Her symbols are the olive tree and the owl. She is the daughter of Zeus, according to some traditions by Metis. |
In 92 A.D., the Roman army moved into Mesopotamia.RS114346. Silver denarius, RIC II-1 733 (C3); RSC II 271; BMCRE II 194; BnF III 179; Hunter I 78, F, weight 3.239 g, maximum diameter 18.3 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 1 Jan - 13 Sep 92 A.D.; obverse IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P XI, laureate head right; reverse IMP XXI COS XVI CENS P P P, Minerva standing half left, helmeted and draped, inverted spear vertical before her in right, left hand on hip;
Gordian III, 29 July 238 - 25 February 244 A.D., Tomis, Moesia Inferior
Tomis was founded by Greek colonists on the shore of the Black Sea around 600 B.C. for trade with the local Getic population. The Roman poet Ovid was banished by Augustus to Tomis in 8 A.D. and died there eight years later. By his account, Tomis was "a town located in a war-stricken cultural wasteland on the remotest margins of the empire." Constanta Romania today, the city was renamed to honor Constantine the Great.RP112136. Bronze tetrassaria, AMNG I/II 3423 (same leg. breaks), Varbanov I 5555 (R3), RPC Online VII.2 1735, Sutzu I 671 var. (Δ left), SNG Cop 300 var. (same), VF, well centered, full legends, green patina, porosity, edge crack, central depressions, weight 12.028 g, maximum diameter 25.7 mm, die axis 0o, Tomis (Constanta, Romania) mint, obverse AVT K M ANTΩN ΓOPΔIANOC (OC ligate, Imperator Caesar Marcus Antonius Gordianus), laureate and draped bust right, seen from behind; reverse MHTPO ΠONTOY TOMEΩC, Athena standing slightly left, head left., right hand resting on grounded shield, spear vertical in right hand, Δ (mark of value) right; from Shawn Caza, former diplomat, author of A Handbook of Late Roman Coins (Spink, 2021), collection assembled during postings and international travel; ex Dorotheum Vienna;
Domitian, 13 September 81 - 18 September 96 A.D., Anazarbus, Cilicia
Anazarbus was founded by Assyrians. Under the early Roman Empire it was known as Kaicare?n (Caesarea), and was the Metropolis (capital) of the late Roman province Cilicia Secunda. It was the home of the poet Oppian. Rebuilt by the Byzantine emperor Justin I after an earthquake in the 6th century, it became Justinopolis (525); but the old native name persisted, and when Thoros I, king of Lesser Armenia, made it his capital early in the 12th century, it was known as Anazarva.RP113540. Bronze tetrassarion, Ziegler 94 (Vs2/Rs5), RPC Online II 1753 (6 spec.), SNG Levante 1373, SNGvA 5473, SNG BnF -, aF, nice patina, weight 16.348 g, maximum diameter 30.9 mm, die axis 0o, Anazarbus (Anavarza, Turkey) mint, 94 - 95 A.D.; obverse AYTO KAI ΘE YIOΣ ΔOMITIANOΣ ΣE ΓEP (clockwise from upper right), laureate head right, fillet border; reverse KAIΣAPEΩN ΠP ANAZAPBΩ (ΠP ligate), Athena standing front, helmeted head left, spear in her right hand, left on grounded shield, ET-OYΣ / IΓP (year 113) in two lines divided across fields;
Nabataean Kingdom, Anonymous Issue, c. 272 - 72 B.C.
There has been much debate over the dating of this bronze type, imitative of the gold staters of Alexander. Great variation in style suggests a long period of striking and they are often overstruck on coins of Ptolemy I - III. They were most likely struck at the desert citadel of Petra before Aretas III lost Damascus to Tigranes II in 72 B.C., and then transferred his royal mint to Petra.GB110809. Bronze AE 18, Barkay CN 1, Meshorer Nabataea 1; Huth 44; HGC 10, 671, gF, green patina, highlighting earthen deposits, obv. edge beveled, central dimples, weight 3.911 g, maximum diameter 17.8 mm, die axis 90o, Petra (Jordan) mint, c. 272 - 72 B.C.; obverse helmeted head of Athena right; reverse Nike advancing left, wreath in extended right hand, Λ in left field; scarce;
Hadrian, 11 August 117 - 10 July 138 A.D., Tyana, Cappadocia
Tyana was an ancient city in the Anatolian region of Cappadocia. Under Caracalla the city became Antoniana colonia Tyana. After having sided with Queen Zenobia of Palmyra it was captured by Aurelian in 272, who would not allow his soldiers to sack it, allegedly because Apollo appeared to him, pleading for its safety. The ruins of Tyana are at modern Kemerhisar, three miles south of Nigde. There are remains of a Roman aqueduct and of cave cemeteries and sepulchral grottoes.RP111720. Bronze AE 19, RPC III 2956; Henseler 1517; Waddington 6805; cf. Cox Tarsus p. 59, 234 & Pl. XI (year 21), gF, green patina, porous, scratches, light earthen deposits, tight flan, weight 5.839 g, maximum diameter 18.5 mm, die axis 0o, Tyana (Kemerhisar, Turkey) mint, 135 - 136 A.D.; obverse AYTO KAIC TPAI AΔPIANOC CEBACTOC, laureate head right; reverse TYANEΩN TΩN ΠP TA IEP ACY AYTO, Athena standing slightly left, head left, Victory bearing wreath and palm frond in right hand, left hand resting on grounded shield, vertical spear resting against shield, ET-K (year 20) across fields;
Tiberius, 19 August 14 - 16 March 37 A.D., Apameia ad Maeandrum, Phrygia
Apamea or Apameia, Phrygia (also called Apamea Cibotus, Apamea ad Maeandrum, or Apamea on the Maeander) was an ancient city in Anatolia founded in the 3rd century B.C. by Antiochus I Soter, who named it after his mother Apama. It was in Hellenistic Phrygia, but became part of the Roman province of Pisidia.
This magistrate also struck coins for Livia. That, and the youthful portrait resembling Augustus, indicate this type was struck early in Tiberius' reign, before 19 A.D.RP111943. Bronze AE 19, RPC Online I 3131 (12 spec.); Imhoof-Blumer KM p. 210, 17; Waddington 5703; BMC Phrygia -, SNGvA -, SNG Cop - , F, uneven strike, black patina, tiny edge split, marks, weight 4.897 g, maximum diameter 18.8 mm, die axis 0o, Phrygia, Apameia ad Maeandrum (Dinar, Turkey) mint, 14 - 18 A.D.; obverse ΣEBAΣTOΣ, laureate head right; reverse MAPKOΣ MANNHIOΣ (Marcus Manneius [magistrate]), Athena standing left, helmeted, spear in right hand, round shield on left arm, AΠA-MEΩN divided across field;
Commodus, March or April 177 - 31 December 192 A.D.
Minerva, equated with the Greek Athena, was the Roman virgin warrior goddess of poetry, medicine, wisdom, commerce, weaving, crafts, magic, and the inventor of music. She was worshiped on the Capitoline Hill as one of the Capitoline Triad along with Jupiter and Juno.RS114353. Silver denarius, cf. RIC III 176, RSC II 365a, SRCV II 5662, gF, tight flan, edge ragged, flan cracks, a bit rough, weight 1.956 g, maximum diameter 16.5 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, c. 189 A.D.; obverse M COMM ANT P FEL AVG BRIT (or similar), laureate head right; reverse MIN VICT P M TR P XIIII COS V P P (or similar), Minerva standing half left, head left, wearing helmet with crest, Victory in extended right, hand and spear, shield at feet, trophy behind;
Side, Pamphylia, c. Late 4th - Early 3rd Century B.C.
Side was founded by Greeks from Cyme, Aeolis, most likely in the 7th century B.C. The settlers started using the local language and over time forgot their native Greek. Excavations have revealed inscriptions written in this language, still undeciphered, dating from as late as the 2nd century B.C. The name Side is from this indigenous Anatolian language and means pomegranate.GB114929. Bronze AE 18, SNG Pfalz IV 490 (with hippocamp c/m), SNG BnF 772 var. (caduceus left), SNG Cop -, SNGvA -, BMC Lycia -, VF, green patina, scratches, earthen deposits, large crack from countermarking, weight 2.995 g, maximum diameter 17.7 mm, die axis 0o, Side (near Selimiye, Antalya Province, Turkey) mint, c. late 4th - early 3rd century B.C.; obverse helmeted head of Athena right, countermark: obscure, perhaps a hippocamp (as on SNG Pfalz IV 490); reverse pomegranate, ΣIΔH above, upright palm frond left; first specimen of this type handled by FORVM; rare;
Apameia ad Maeandrum, Phrygia, c. 88 - 40 B.C.
Rome received Apameia with the Pergamene Kingdom in 133 B.C., but sold it to Mithridates V of Pontus, who held it till 120 BC. After the Mithridatic Wars it became a great center for trade, largely carried on by resident Italians and Jews. By order of Flaccus, nearly 45 kilograms of gold, intended by Jews for the Temple in Jerusalem was confiscated in Apamea in 62 B.C.GB112967. Bronze AE 24, HGC 7 670; cf. BMC Phrygia p. 77, 37 ff. (various magistrates), aVF, thick green patina, weight 8.340 g, maximum diameter 23.7 mm, die axis 0o, Phrygia, Apameia ad Maeandrum (Dinar, Turkey) mint, c. 88 - 40 B.C.; obverse bust of Athena right, wearing high-crested Corinthian helmet and aegis; reverse eagle alighting right from a basis ornamented with meander pattern, star above, basis flanked on each side by a star above a pileus, AΠAMEΩN above, magistrates name (obscure) below;
Sala, Lydia, c. 98 - 117 A.D.
The town of Sala is identifiable with Tepecik in today's west Asiatic Turkey, but in antiquity was in the Roman province of Lydia in Asia Minor.RP113001. Bronze AE 19, RPC Online III 2438; BMC Lydia p. 228, 11; SNG Cop 422; SNG Leypold II 1178; Waddington 6435; Weber 6895; Lindgren I 797, VF, well centered, green patina, obv. flatly struck, light deposits, weight 5.132 g, maximum diameter 19.4 mm, die axis 30o, Lydia, Sala (Tepecik, Turkey) mint, c. 98 - 117 A.D.; obverse bust of Athena right, wearing crested Corinthian helmet and aegis; reverse CAΛHNΩN, Cybele seated left, kalathos on head, phiale in right hand, resting left arm on tympanum (drum), lion at feet on far side;
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