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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Themes & Provenance| ▸ |History| ▸ |Enemies of Rome||View Options:   | | | |
Fantastic gold stater from the great enemy of Rome!SH08971. Gold stater, Müller Afrique p. 84, type 47; SNG Cop Carthage 128 - 129 var., SNG Cop Sicily 973 - 974 var., SGCV II 6451 var, EF, weight 9.16 g, maximum diameter 19.0 mm, die axis 0o, Carthage (near Tunis, Tunisia) or Sicilian mint, c. 350 - 320 B.C.; obverse head of Tanit left, wreathed in grain, wearing necklace and triple-drop earring, dot border; reverse horse standing right on exergual line, border of dots; graffiti on reverse, struck with dies of fine style, ex John Aiello; SOLD
Carthago Nova, Iberia, 237 - 209 B.C., Portrait of Hannibal(?)
The obverse portrait is identified by most numismatists as an uncertain male, either Hannibal or the god Melqart. The portrait could be Melqart with the features of Hannibal. SH54905. Silver shekel, SNG BM 104 ff., Burgos 535, SGCV II 6568, gVF, flat centers, weight 6.648 g, maximum diameter 20.7 mm, die axis 0o, Carthago Nova mint, obverse beardless male head (Hannibal?) left; reverse horse standing right, palm tree behind; ex Tom Cederlind; SOLD
The First Jewish Revolt, 66 - 70 A.D.
On 9 June 68, the Roman Emperor Nero committed suicide four miles outside Rome. He was deserted by the Praetorian Guard and then stabbed himself in the throat.SH48298. Silver shekel, Meshorer TJC 202a, VF, toned, weight 13.250 g, maximum diameter 23.1 mm, die axis 0o, Jerusalem mint, year 3, 68 - 69 A.D.; obverse "Shekel of Israel" in Hebrew, Omer cup with pearled rim, date above (year 3); reverse stem with three pomegranates, "Jerusalem the Holy" in Hebrew around; SOLD
Carthage, Zeugitana, North Africa, c. 325 - 300 B.C.
At the height of its prominence, Carthage's influence extended over most of the western Mediterranean. Rivalry with Rome led to a series of conflicts, the Punic Wars. The Third Punic War ended in the complete destruction of the city, annexation by Rome of all Carthaginian territory, and the death or enslavement of the entire Carthaginian population.SH14068. Silver tetradrachm, SGCV II 6438, Jenkins 314, SNG Cop 89, ICG EF45, weight 16.48 g, maximum diameter 24.1 mm, die axis 315o, military camp mint, obverse Melkart-Herakles head right wearing lion's skin knotted at neck; reverse horse head left, palm behind, Punic inscription (People of the Camp) below; rarely this well centered, beautifully toned, fantastic eye appeal; SOLD
Julius Caesar, Imperator and Dictator, October 49 - 15 March 44 B.C.
This type was a special military coinage produced by Caesar during his final campaign. This campaign against the Pompeian forces in Spain culminated in the battle of Munda on 17 March 45 B.C. The obverse refers to Caesar's mythical descent from the goddess Venus. The reverse refers to Caesar's victories in Gaul and the male Gaulish captive may be Vercingetorix.RS50608. Silver denarius, Crawford 468/1, Sydenham 1014, RSC I 13, BMCRR Spain 89, Sear CRI 58, SRCV I 1404, Choice VF, weight 4.110 g, maximum diameter 18.1 mm, die axis 45o, Spanish mint, 46 - 45 B.C.; obverse diademed head of Venus right, small Cupid behind; reverse trophy of Gallic arms; on left, Gallia seated left with hand to head in attitude of morning; on right, male (Vercingetorix?) captive seated right, hands bound behind, looking up; CAESAR in exergue; SOLD
Carthage, Zeugitana, North Africa, c. 310 - 290 B.C.
In 311 B.C., Agathocles, the tyrant of Syracuse, invaded the Carthaginian holdings on Sicily and laid siege to Akragas. Hamilcar led the Carthaginian response, and by 310 controlled almost all of Sicily and laid siege to Syracuse itself. In desperation, Agathocles secretly led an expedition of 14,000 men to Africa, hoping to save his rule by leading a counterstrike against Carthage itself. Carthage was forced to recall Hamilcar and most of his army from Sicily. Agathocles was eventually defeated in 307 B.C., but he escaped back to Sicily and negotiated a peace which maintained Syracuse as a stronghold of Greek power in Sicily.
Jenkins and Lewis report that Group V is 55% - 60% gold.SH57451. Electrum stater, Jenkins and Lewis group V, 266 (same dies), Alexandropoulos 12, SNG Cop 136, gVF, marks, weight 7.532 g, maximum diameter 19.4 mm, die axis 0o, Carthage (near Tunis, Tunisia) or Sicilian mint, obverse head of Tanit left, wreathed in grain, wearing necklace and triple-drop earring, pellet before neck; reverse horse standing right on exergual line, nearer legs back, two pellets below; nicely centered and struck, marks in the fields; SOLD
Judaea, Bar Kochba Revolt, 132 - 135 A.D.
These coins are usually overstruck on earlier denarii or drachms.JD91425. Silver zuz, Mildenberg 174 (O22/R109); BMC Palestine, p. 299, 79; SNG ANS 561; Hendin 6462; Meshorer TJC 274, Choice EF, broad flan, flow lines, tiny edge cracks, die wear, weight 3.362 g, maximum diameter 19.6 mm, die axis 225o, Judaean mint, undated issue of year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew legend: Shim'on, bunch of grapes in three lobes hanging from branch, which has a tendril to the left and a leaf to the right; reverse Paleo-Hebrew legend: for the freedom of Jerusalem, kithara with three strings; from the Maxwell Hunt Collection; SOLD
Carthage, Zeugitana, North Africa, 229 - 221 B.C.
| The Second Punic War, 218 - 201 B.C., is most remembered for Hannibal's crossing of the Alps, followed by his crushing victories over Rome in the battle of the Trebia, at Trasimene, and again at Cannae. After these defeats, many Roman allies joined Carthage, prolonging the war in Italy for over a decade. Against Hannibal's skill on the battlefield, the Romans deployed the Fabian strategy. More capable in siegecraft, the Romans recaptured all the major cities that had defected. The Romans defeated an attempt to reinforce Hannibal at the battle of the Metaurus and, in Iberia, Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Major took New Carthage and ended Carthaginian rule over Iberia in the Battle of Ilipa. The final showdown was the Battle of Zama in Africa where Scipio Africanus defeated Hannibal, resulting in the imposition of harsh peace conditions on Carthage, which ceased to be a major power and became a Roman client-state. |  |
Augustus, 16 January 27 B.C. - 19 August 14 A.D.
Wilhelm Müseler suggests that this issue is commemorative of the victory by Tiberius and Drusus over the Helvetians in 14 B.C.SH67604. Silver denarius, RIC I 416, BMCRE I 127, RSC I 383, SRCV I 1615, EF, graffito on obverse, blue-grey toning, superb portrait, weight 3.833 g, maximum diameter 19.7 mm, die axis 315o, Rome mint, moneyer L. Caninius Gallus, 12 B.C.; obverse AVGVSTVS, bare head right; reverse L CANNINIVS GALLLVS III VIR, German with long hair and beard, naked except for cloak over shoulders, kneeling right, offering vexillum; ex UBS Gold & Numismatics, auction 78, 1355; ex Tinchant; SOLD
Judaea, Bar Kochba Revolt, 132 - 135 A.D.
The Bar Kokhba revolt, led by Simon bar Kokhba, was the last of the major Jewish–Roman wars. The Roman army suffered heavy losses. It took six full legions, auxiliaries, and elements from as many as six more legions three years to crush the revolt. The Romans annihilated much of the Judean population. In 134, the they captured Jerusalem and Simon bar Kokhba was killed in 135. An altar to Jupiter was erected on the site of the Temple. The Jewish diaspora began as Hadrian barred Jews from Jerusalem and had survivors were dispersed across the Roman Empire. Many were sold into slavery. The Jewish people remained scattered without a homeland for close to two millennia.JD98134. Bronze AE 20, Mildenberg p. 332, 156 (O4/R6); SNG ANS 586 (same dies); Meshorer AJC 80; Meshorer TJC p. 255, 301; Hendin 6466; Sofaer p. 283, 166, Choice gVF, well centered and struck, attractive applied desert patina, weight 5.293 g, maximum diameter 18.4 mm, die axis 180o, Jerusalem mint, undated, year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription: "Jerusalem", seven-branched palm tree with two small bunches of dates, top of tree bent to the left; reverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription: 'For the Freedom of Jerusalem', bunch of grapes on vine with small leaf; extraordinary for the type!; scarce; SOLD
Carthage, Hannibal in Italy, Second Punic War, c. 219 - 202 B.C.
Ancient Capua was located where Santa Maria Capua Vetere is now. After 343 B.C., when Capua and neighboring communities entered into alliance with Rome for protection against the Samnite mountain tribes, the greater part of Campania came under Roman supremacy. Capua prospered and at the beginning of the Second Punic War it was almost as important as Rome and Carthage themselves, and was able to furnish 30,000 infantry and 4,000 cavalry. Until the defeat of Cannae it remained faithful to Rome, but then, after a vain demand that one of the consuls should always be selected from it, it defected to Hannibal. Hannibal and his army were voluntarily received by Capua and he made it his winter quarters. In 211, Rome besieged and captured Capua. The city's nobility were put to the sword, its territory was confiscated and its municipal organization was dissolved.SH30343. Silver half shekel, SNG Cop 362, aEF, toned, weight 3.618 g, maximum diameter 18.3 mm, die axis 90o, Italian (Capua?) mint, c. 216 - 211 B.C.; obverse head of Tanit left; reverse horse right, sun above, O below; SOLD
Judaea, Bar Kochba Revolt, 134 - 136 A.D.
The Bar Kokhba revolt, led by Simon bar Kokhba, was the last of the major Jewish–Roman wars. The Roman army suffered heavy losses. It took six full legions, auxiliaries, and elements from as many as six more legions three years to crush the revolt. The Romans annihilated much of the Judean population. In 134, the they captured Jerusalem and Simon bar Kokhba was killed in 135. Legio VI Ferrata rebuilt the legionary fortress in Jerusalem and constructed a Roman temple at Golgotha. An altar to Jupiter was erected on the site of the Temple. The Jewish diaspora began as Hadrian barred Jews from Jerusalem and had survivors of the massacre dispersed across the Roman Empire. Many were sold into slavery. The Jewish people remained scattered without a homeland for close to two millennia.
Obverse legend:
Reverse inscription: 
JD99306. Bronze AE 19, SNG ANS 587; Mildenberg 159 (O4/-); BMC Palestine p. 315, 102; Meshorer TJC 302a; Sofaer 169; Hendin 6467, VF, green patina, light earthen deposits, mild porosity, weight 5.528 g, maximum diameter 19.0 mm, die axis 180o, year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew legend counterclockwise from upper left: "For the Freedom of Jerusalem", bunch of grapes with branch and small leaf; reverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription: "Shimon", seven-branched palm tree with two bunches of fruit, Paleo-Hebrew inscription divided by trunk of palm: "Shimon"; this reverse die is missing from Mildenberg, from a private collector in New Jersey; SOLDAugustus, 16 January 27 B.C. - 19 August 14 A.D.
This type refers to the Parthian surrender to Augustus of the standards which they had taken from Crassus and his slaughtered legions. Augustus took an ovation for this success, entering the city on horseback. He was also honored with a triumphal arch. The clipeus virtutis, Latin for "shield of bravery" was awarded to Augustus by the Senate and people of Rome in 27 B.C. for his "courage, clemency, justice and piety" and displayed in the Curia Iulia.SH43351. Silver denarius, RIC I 86a, BMCRE I 417, RSC I 265, BnF I 1132, Hunter I 164, SRCV I 1633, EF, weight 3.731 g, maximum diameter 19.4 mm, die axis 225o, Colonia Patricia (Cordoba, Spain) mint, 19 B.C.; obverse CAESAR AVGVSTVS, bare head right; reverse shield inscribed CL V (Clypeus Virtutis) between an aquila left and legionary standard right, S - P / Q - R (Senatus Populusque Romanus) in two divided lines around, SIGNIS / RECEPTIS (standards recovered) in two lines above and below; scarce; SOLD
Judaea, Bar Kokhba Revolt, 132 - 135 A.D.
These coins are usually overstruck on earlier denarii or drachms. Traces of the undertype bust and obverse legend are visible on the reverse.SH63938. Silver zuz, Mildenberg p. 255, 161 (O21/R81); Hendin 6460; TJC 285. AJC II 275, 68; overstruck on a Roman denarius or drachm of Trajan(?), VF, weight 3.484 g, maximum diameter 18.6 mm, die axis 180o, undated, year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse paleo-Hebrew inscription: Simon, bunch of grapes in three lobes hanging from branch, which has a tendril to the left and a leaf to the right; part of undertype legend visible, 6:00 - 8:00 (GER?); reverse paleo-Hebrew inscription: for the freedom of Jerusalem, fluted jug, handle on left, willow branch on right; ex Gemini; SOLD
Judaea, Bar Kochba Revolt, 132 - 135 A.D.
After the defeat of Bar Kochba rebellion, Judea would not be a center of Jewish religious, cultural, or political life again until the modern era, although Jews continued to sporadically populate it and important religious developments still took place there. Galilee became an important center of Rabbinic Judaism, where the Jerusalem Talmud was compiled in the 4th-5th centuries. In the aftermath of the defeat, the maintenance of Jewish settlement in Palestine became a major concern of the rabbinate. The Sages endeavored to halt Jewish dispersal, and even banned emigration from Palestine, branding those who settled outside its borders as idolaters.JD99311. Bronze AE 29, Mildenberg 115 (O10/R79); cf. Meshorer TJC 292a; BMC Palestine p. 312, 80; SNG ANS 572; Hendin 6464, gVF, green patina with highlighting earthen deposits, weight adjustment marks, flan cracks, weight 7.929 g, maximum diameter 28.9 mm, die axis 180o, year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse paleo-Hebrew inscription: "Shimon", seven branched palm tree with two bunches of dates; reverse paleo-Hebrew inscription: "for the freedom of Jerusalem", five-lobed vine-leaf with strongly accentuated ribs, hanging from curved branch, short tendril right; from a private collector in New Jersey; SOLD
Judaea, Bar Kochba Revolt, 132 - 135 A.D.
In 134, the Romans captured Jerusalem. Simon bar Kokhba was killed in 135, at Betar, a fortress where he had taken refuge. Jerusalem, largely destroyed, was renamed Colonia Aelia Capitolina. Legio VI Ferrata rebuilt the legionary fortress in the city and constructed a Roman temple at Golgotha. An altar to Jupiter was erected on the site of the Temple in Jerusalem. Although, resistance continued in Galilee, the Jewish diaspora began as Emperor Hadrian barred Jews from Jerusalem and had survivors of the massacre dispersed across the Roman Empire. Many were sold into slavery. The Jews remained scattered without a homeland for close to two millennia.
Obverse legend:
Reverse legend: 
JD111141. Bronze AE 24, Mildenberg 32 (O2/R11); SNG ANS 580; BMC Palestine p. 3, 93; Meshorer TJC 297a; Sofaer p. 283, & pl. 236, 16; Hendin 6463 (S), VF, highlighting earthen deposits, tight flan, small edge splits, obv. center weak, weight 5.937 g, maximum diameter 24.2 mm, die axis 0o, undated, year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription counterclockwise from lower right: for the freedom of Jerusalem, upright palm branch within laurel wreath, wreath with four groups of three leaves on each side, a medallion at the top and ribbon ties at the bottom; reverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription counterclockwise from lower right: Shimon, kithara (lyre) with a long soundbox, three strings, and horn-like protrusions; ex Amphora Coins (David Hendin) with his signed photo authenticity receipt; ex S. Moussaieff Collection; ex Goldberg auction 110 (4 Jun 2019), lot 1776 (part of); scarce; SOLDJudaea, Bar Kochba Revolt, 132 - 135 A.D.
The Bar Kokhba revolt, led by Simon bar Kokhba, was the last of the major Jewish–Roman wars. The Roman army suffered heavy losses. It took six full legions, auxiliaries, and elements from as many as six more legions three years to crush the revolt. The Romans annihilated much of the Judean population. In 134, the they captured Jerusalem and Simon bar Kokhba was killed in 135. An altar to Jupiter was erected on the site of the Temple. The Jewish diaspora began as Hadrian barred Jews from Jerusalem and had survivors were dispersed across the Roman Empire. Many were sold into slavery. The Jewish people remained scattered without a homeland for close to two millennia.JD111142. Bronze AE 21, Mildenberg p. 247, 147 (O1/R1); Hendin 6409a (R); Sofaer p. 277, 26; Meshorer TJC p. 246, 225, Choice VF, well struck on a broad flan, brown patina with reddish earthen deposits, scratches, weight 7.665 g, maximum diameter 21.4 mm, die axis 180o, Jerusalem mint, 132 - 133 A.D.; obverse retrograde Paleo-Hebrew inscription: "Elezar the Priest", seven-branched palm tree with two small bunches of dates, top of tree bent to the left; reverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription: 'year one for the Freedom of Israel", bunch of grapes on vine with small leaf; ex Amphora Coins (David Hendin) with his signed photo authenticity receipt; ex S. Moussaieff Collection; ex Goldberg auction 110 (4 Jun 2019), lot 1776 (part of); rare; SOLD
Judaea, Bar Kochba Revolt, 132 - 135 A.D.
The Bar Kokhba revolt, led by Simon bar Kokhba, was the last of the major Jewish–Roman wars. The Roman army suffered heavy losses. It took six full legions, auxiliaries, and elements from as many as six more legions three years to crush the revolt. The Romans annihilated much of the Judean population. In 134, the they captured Jerusalem and Simon bar Kokhba was killed in 135. Legio VI Ferrata rebuilt the legionary fortress in Jerusalem and constructed a Roman temple at Golgotha. An altar to Jupiter was erected on the site of the Temple. The Jewish diaspora began as Hadrian barred Jews from Jerusalem and had survivors of the massacre dispersed across the Roman Empire. Many were sold into slavery. The Jewish people remained scattered without a homeland for close to two millennia.JD98133. Bronze AE 25, Mildenberg p. 310, 54 (O3/R18), Sofaer 70; Meshorer TJC p. 250, 260a; Hendin 6436, Nice gVF, attractive green patina, applied red earthen highlighting, reverse slightly off center, weight 13.55 g, maximum diameter 24.9 mm, die axis 180o, year 2, 133 - 134 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription: "S-M/A" (abbreviating Simon), seven branched palm tree with two bunches of dates; reverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription: "Year 2 of the freedom of Israel", vine leaf on tendril; SOLD
Judaea, Bar Kochba Revolt, 132 - 135 A.D.
These coins are usually overstruck on Roman denarii or drachms. The silhouette of the back of an emperors head is visible on the reverse.SH42161. Silver zuz, Mildenberg 79, Hendin 6445, EF, sharp, overstrike effects, weight 3.150 g, maximum diameter 18.4 mm, die axis 0o, year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse Hebrew, "SHIMON"of five letters in two lines, within wreath of thin branches wrapped around eight almonds, tendrils at the bottom; reverse Hebrew legend, "For the freedom of Jerusalem", fluted jug with handle left, palm branch right (symbolizing the festival of booths in the Temple); SOLD
Judaea, Bar Kochba Revolt, 132 - 135 A.D.
In 134, the Romans captured Jerusalem. Simon bar Kokhba was killed in 135, at Betar, a fortress where he had taken refuge. Jerusalem, largely destroyed, was renamed Colonia Aelia Capitolina. Legio VI Ferrata rebuilt the legionary fortress in the city and constructed a Roman temple at Golgotha. An altar to Jupiter was erected on the site of the Temple in Jerusalem. Although, resistance continued in Galilee, the Jewish diaspora began as Emperor Hadrian barred Jews from Jerusalem and had survivors of the massacre dispersed across the Roman Empire. Many were sold into slavery. The Jews remained scattered without a homeland for close to two millennia.JD58246. Bronze AE 24, Mildenberg 142 (O11/R106), Meshorer TJC 289; Hendin 6464, gVF, weight 11.300 g, maximum diameter 24.2 mm, die axis 180o, year 3, 134 - 135 A.D; obverse paleo-Hebrew inscription: "Shimon", seven branched palm tree with two bunches of dates; reverse paleo-Hebrew inscription: "for the freedom of Jerusalem", five-lobed vine-leaf, hanging from curved branch; SOLD
Celtic, Senones, Gaul (Area of Sens, France), c. 100 - 60 B.C.
About 400 B.C. the Senones crossed the Alps and, having driven out the Umbrians, settled on the east coast of Italy from Forlì to Ancona (ager Gallicus), and founded Sena Gallica (Senigallia) their capital. In 391 B.C., they invaded Etruria and besieged Clusium. The Clusines appealed to Rome, which led to war. In 390 B.C. (or 387 B.C.), the Senones routed the Roman army at Allia and then sacked Rome. For more than 100 years the Senones were engaged in hostilities with Rome. They were finally subdued in 283 B.C. by P. Cornelius Dolabella and driven from Italy. In Gaul, from 53 to 51 B.C., the Senones engaged in hostilities with Julius Caesar, brought about by their expulsion of Cavarinus, whom he had appointed their king. In 51 B.C., a Senonian named Drappes threatened the Provincia, but was captured and starved himself to death. Their chief towns were Agedincum (later Senones, whence Sens), Metiosedum (Melun?), and Vellaunodunum (site uncertain).SH75807. Gold stater, Globular cross type; Sills 532; Delestrée-Tache 2537; Scheers 15, pl. V, 128; Cottam ABC 94 (Carnutes?); De La Tour -, aVF, weight 7.221 g, maximum diameter 12.4 mm, Agedincum? (Sens, France) mint, c. 100 - 60 B.C.; obverse small cross in center of plain globule with prominent rim; reverse plain globule with prominent rim; ex Nomos AG, obolos 1, lot 28; ex Cologny Collection; SOLD
Judaea, Bar Kochba Revolt, 132 - 135 A.D.
This obverse die type, naming Eleazar the priest, was used in the first year of the Bar Kokhba Revolt (132 - 133 A.D.), but on this rare type it is combined with an undated reverse attribute to the third year (134 - 135 A.D.).JD113059. Bronze AE 19, Mildenberg 155 (04/R4); Hendin 6465 (R); Meshorer TJC 300; Sofaer Collection 164; Bromberg 262, Nice VF, nice green patina, highlighting earthen deposits, weight 5.839 g, maximum diameter 18.5 mm, die axis 180o, undated, attributed to year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse seven-branched palm tree with two bunches of dates; Paleo-Hebrew inscription irregularly arranged across field: "Eleazar the priest"; reverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription: "For the freedom of Jerusalem", bunch of grapes with branch and small leaf; rare; SOLD
Julius Caesar, Imperator and Dictator, October 49 - 15 March 44 B.C.
This type was a special military coinage produced by Caesar during his final campaign. This campaign against the Pompeian forces in Spain culminated in the battle of Munda on 17 March 45 B.C. The obverse refers to Caesar's mythical descent from the goddess Venus. The reverse refers to Caesar's victories in Gaul and the Gaulish captive may be Vercingetorix.SH29037. Silver denarius, Crawford 468/1, Sydenham 1014, RSC I 13, BMCRR Spain 89, Sear CRI 58, SRCV I 1404, gVF, weight 4.128 g, maximum diameter 19.2 mm, die axis 0o, Spanish mint, 46 - 45 B.C.; obverse diademed head of Venus right, small Cupid behind; reverse two captives (male and female) at base of trophy of Gallic arms, CAESAR in exergue; SOLD
Judaea, Bar Kochba Revolt, 132 - 135 A.D.
The Bar Kokhba revolt, led by Simon bar Kokhba, was the last of the major Jewish–Roman wars. The Roman army suffered heavy losses. It took six full legions, auxiliaries, and elements from as many as six more legions three years to crush the revolt. The Romans annihilated much of the Judean population. In 134, the they captured Jerusalem and Simon bar Kokhba was killed in 135. Legio VI Ferrata rebuilt the legionary fortress in Jerusalem and constructed a Roman temple at Golgotha. An altar to Jupiter was erected on the site of the Temple. The Jewish diaspora began as Hadrian barred Jews from Jerusalem and had survivors of the massacre dispersed across the Roman Empire. Many were sold into slavery. The Jewish people remained scattered without a homeland for close to two millennia.SL110341. Bronze AE 26, Mildenberg 132 (O10/R96); SNG ANS 566 - 569; Hendin 6464; cf. BMC Palestine p. 307, 31; Sofaer 144; Meshorer TJC 290 ff., NGC Ch XF, strike 4/5, surface 4/5 (5883905-024), weight 11.84 g, maximum diameter 25.8 mm, die axis 180o, year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse paleo-Hebrew inscription: "Shimon", seven branched palm tree with two bunches of dates; reverse paleo-Hebrew inscription: "for the freedom of Jerusalem", five-lobed vine-leaf with strongly accentuated ribs, hanging from curved branch, short tendril right; NGC| Lookup; 118-132; SOLD
Celtic, Ambiani, North East Gaul, c. 58 - 55 B.C., Gallic War Issue
The Ambiani occupied the Somme valley in northern France. These uniface Gallic War staters were struck to fund the war against Julius Caesar in Gaul. The blank obverse is often ascribed to a need for speed in striking this emergency war coinage. There are, however, more than a few other similar uniface Celtic coin types and one blank side would do little to speed up the mint. More likely, they just found one plain side and one detailed side "nice enough." This type is often found in Britain, many of which may have been carried there by Celtic mercenaries retreating after Caesar's victories.SH85134. Gold stater, Delestrée-Tache 241, Cottam ABC 16, Van Arsdell 52-1, Castelin 289, De la Tour 8710, SCBC 11, EF, scyphate, light scratches, weight 6.084 g, maximum diameter 17.4 mm, obverse plain bulge; reverse disjointed "Celticized" horse right, crescents and pellets around; ex Coins of Antiquity (Hillsborough, NC); SOLD
Siculo-Punic, "Questor" Series, c. 300 - 289 B.C.
"The types too are generally considered to be Carthaginian, especially that of the horse's head by itself, which is taken as a reference to the myth recounted by Vergil, that the companions of Dido on her expedition to found Carthage 'dug up a horse's head at the spot indicated by Juno.' Moreover, according to Stephanus, Carthage was also called KAKKABH, a word that in Punic means 'the head of a horse'." -- Eckhel, Doctrina I (1792), pp. 229-230. Eckhel himself has some hesitation about accepting this explanation of the type, however, because of the appearance of a similar horse's head type on early Roman didrachms with the inscription ROMA.SH38686. Silver tetradrachm, Jenkins, SNR 57, 367, toned VF, many nicks, weight 16.648 g, maximum diameter 24.3 mm, die axis 180o, Sicilian mint, c. 300 - 289 B.C.; obverse Melkart-Herakles head right wearing lion's skin knotted at neck; reverse horse head left, palm behind, Punic inscription below, astragalos lower left; SOLD
Judaea, Bar Kochba Revolt, 132 - 135 A.D.
In 134, the Romans captured Jerusalem. Simon bar Kokhba was killed in 135, at Betar, a fortress where he had taken refuge. Jerusalem, largely destroyed, was renamed Colonia Aelia Capitolina. Legio VI Ferrata rebuilt the legionary fortress in the city and constructed a Roman temple at Golgotha. An altar to Jupiter was erected on the site of the Temple in Jerusalem. Although, resistance continued in Galilee, the Jewish diaspora began as Emperor Hadrian barred Jews from Jerusalem and had survivors of the massacre dispersed across the Roman Empire. Many were sold into slavery. The Jews remained scattered without a homeland for close to two millennia.
Obverse legend:
Reverse legend: JD113061. Bronze AE 23, Mildenberg 32 (O2/R11); SNG ANS 580; BMC Palestine p. 3, 93; Meshorer TJC 297a; Sofaer p. 283, & pl. 236, 16; Hendin 6463 (S), F/VF, brown patina, highlighting earthen deposits, rougher areas, tight flan, weight 7.593 g, maximum diameter 22.7 mm, die axis 45o, undated, year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription counterclockwise from lower right: for the freedom of Jerusalem, upright palm branch within laurel wreath, wreath with four groups of three leaves on each side, a medallion at the top and ribbon ties at the bottom; reverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription counterclockwise from lower right: Shimon, kithara (lyre) with a long soundbox, three strings, and horn-like protrusions; scarce; SOLDCarthage, Zeugitana, 2nd Punic War, 215 - 205 B.C.
Most of the Carthaginian quarter shekels were almost certainly struck at Carthage and directly exported to Hannibal via Bruttian ports. Some rare examples, such as this coin, are of a different style and believed to have been struck in southwest Italy, probably in Bruttium. Hoard evidence indicates that the variety circulated at Tarentum, and issues began before 209 B.C. SH70871. Silver 1/4 Shekel, Robinson Second p. 53, 3; SNG Cop VIII 369; HN Italy 2020, EF, nice style, obverse a little off-center, scratch on horse, weight 2.052 g, maximum diameter 14.0 mm, die axis 0o, Italian (Brettian?) mint, 2nd Punic War, 215 - 205 B.C.; obverse head of Tanit-Demeter left, wreathed with grain, wearing necklace and pendant earring; reverse free horse standing right on ground line, linear border; ex Ancient Imports (Marc Breitsprecher); rare; SOLD
Judaea, Bar Kochba Revolt, 132 - 135 A.D.
All the coins of the Bar Kokhba Revolt are overstruck on circulating coinage. The coins were apparently struck at two mints, a central or "regular" and a subsidiary or "irregular" mint somewhere in the Judaean desert to the west of Jerusalem. - D. Barag, "The Two Mints of the bar Kokhba War," Israel Numismatic Journal 14 (2000-2), pp. 153 - 156.SH49484. Bronze AE 20, Mildenberg 148, Meshorer TJC 225, Meshorer AJC II 7a, Meshorer AJC II 8, Hendin 6409a (R), Sofaer 26, VF, attractive well centered coin, minor edge defect, beautiful patina, weight 4.987 g, maximum diameter 19.6 mm, die axis 180o, central "regular" mint, year 1, 132 - 133 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription (retrograde): "Eleazar the Priest", seven-branched palm tree with two small bunches of dates, top of tree bent to the left; reverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription: "Year 1 of the redemption of Israel", bunch of grapes on vine with small leaf upper left; rare; SOLD
Judaea, Bar Kochba Revolt, 132 - 135 A.D.
The Bar Kokhba revolt, led by Simon bar Kokhba, was the last of the major Jewish–Roman wars. The Roman army suffered heavy losses. It took six full legions, auxiliaries, and elements from as many as six more legions three years to crush the revolt. The Romans annihilated much of the Judean population. In 134, the they captured Jerusalem and Simon bar Kokhba was killed in 135. An altar to Jupiter was erected on the site of the Temple. The Jewish diaspora began as Hadrian barred Jews from Jerusalem and had survivors were dispersed across the Roman Empire. Many were sold into slavery. The Jewish people remained scattered without a homeland for close to two millennia.SL110271. Bronze AE 20, Mildenberg 149, Sofaer 24, Meshorer TJC 224a, Meshorer AJC II 7a, Hendin 6409c (R), VF, near centered, dark green patina with red earthen highlighting, weight 5.923 g, maximum diameter 18.0 mm, die axis 180o, central "regular" mint, year 1, 132 - 133 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription: "Eleazar the Priest", seven-branched palm tree with two small bunches of dates, top of tree bent to the left; reverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription: "Year 1 of the redemption of Israel", bunch of grapes on vine with small leaf upper left; from an Israeli Collection, ex Shick Coins; rare; SOLD
The First Jewish Revolt, 66 - 70 A.D.
On 14 April 70 A.D. Titus surrounded Jerusalem. He allowed pilgrims to enter to celebrate Passover but this was a trap to put pressure on supplies of food and water; he refused to allow them to leave. On 10 May he began his assault on the walls. The third wall fell on 25 May. The second wall fell on 30 May. On 20 July Titus stormed the Temple Mount. On 4 August 70 A.D. Titus destroyed the Temple. The Jewish fast of Tisha B'Av mourns the Fall of Jerusalem annually on this date.JD86547. Bronze eighth shekel, Sofaer 47, Kadman III 37, Hendin 6398 (S), Meshorer TJC 214, SNG ANS 455, BMC Palestine -, VF, well centered, highlighting earthen deposits, weight 5.778 g, maximum diameter 19.8 mm, die axis 0o, 69 - 70 A.D. mint, year 4, 69 - 70 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew: To the redemption of Zion, Omer cup with a pearled rim; reverse Paleo-Hebrew: Year four, Lulav (myrtle, palm and willow branches tied together), flanked on each side by an etrog (citron - small lemon like fruit); from the David Cannon Collection, ex Beast Coins; SOLD
Taras, Calabria, Italy, c. 272 - 235 B.C.
Taras, the only Spartan colony, was founded in 706 B.C. The founders were Partheniae ("sons of virgins"), sons of unmarried Spartan women and Perioeci (free men, but not citizens of Sparta). These out-of-wedlock unions were permitted to increase the prospective number of soldiers (only the citizens could be soldiers) during the bloody Messenian wars. Later, however, when they were no longer needed, their citizenship was retroactively nul|lified and the sons were obliged to leave Greece forever. Their leader, Phalanthus, consulted the oracle at Delphi and was told to make the harbor of Taranto their home. They named the city Taras after the son of Poseidon, and of a local nymph, Satyrion. The reverse depicts Taras being saved from a shipwreck by a dolphin sent to him by Poseidon. This symbol of the ancient Greek city is still the symbol of modern Taranto today.SH30548. Silver nomos, Vlasto 877 ff.; SNG ANS 1202; HN Italy 1033; HGC I 890, gVF, toned, attractive style, weight 6.497 g, maximum diameter 20.0 mm, die axis 45o, Taras (Taranto, Italy) mint, at war with Rome, under Phyrrus, c. 272 - 235 B.C.; obverse nude youth on horseback right, shield and two lances in left hand, spear pointed downward in raised right hand, ΔI above left, API-ΣTI/K Λ-HΣ (magistrate) in two divided lines below; reverse Taras astride dolphin left, nude, kantharos in extended right hand, trident pointed upward in left hand; head of his mother, the nymph Satyrion, behind looking left; TAPAΣ below; SOLD
Barcids in Iberia, c. 237 - 209 B.C.
GB30355. Bronze AE 20, SNG Cop 292, SGCV II 6560 var. (helmet ornamented), gVF, weight 5.489 g, maximum diameter 19.6 mm, die axis 0o, Carthago Nova mint, obverse beardless male head right wearing Corinthian helmet; reverse palm tree with two bunches of dates; SOLD
Poseidonia, Lucania, Italy, 420 - 410 B.C.
Poseidonia was founded around the end of the 7th century B.C. by Greek colonists from Sybaris. In the fifth century B.C., Poseidonia was conquered by the Lucani. Archaeological evidence indicates Greek and Oscan cultures thrived together. In 273 B.C., after the Poseidonians had sided with Pyrrhus against Rome, Poseidonia was refounded as the Roman city of Paestum.GS98741. Silver nomos, Noe Poseidoni 11 (O10/R11); SNG Lloyd 473 (same dies); SNG ANS 669; BMC Italy p. 269, 34; SNG Cop 1287 var. (Γ obv. lower left), VF, toning, flow lines, light marks, die wear, small die cracks, weight 7.723 g, maximum diameter 22.1 mm, die axis 180o, Poseidonia (Paestum, Italy) mint, 420 - 410 B.C.; obverse ΠOMEΣ (downward on right), Poseidon striding right, beardless, nude but for chlamys falling over his shoulders, extending his left arm before him, brandishing a trident overhead in right hand, no series letter, three row dot border; reverse bull standing left, ΠOΣΕIΔA (retrograde) above, cockle shell below bull and above exergue line, exergue line comprised of a line a dots between two solid lines, all within a round incuse; ex Numismatic Fine Arts (Beverly Hills, CA); SOLD
The First Jewish Revolt, 66 - 70 A.D.
On 14 April 70 A.D. Titus surrounded Jerusalem. He allowed pilgrims to enter to celebrate Passover but this was a trap to put pressure on supplies of food and water; he refused to allow them to leave. On 10 May he began his assault on the walls. The third wall fell on 25 May. The second wall fell on 30 May. On 20 July Titus stormed the Temple Mount. On 4 August 70 A.D. Titus destroyed the Temple. The Jewish fast of Tisha B'Av mourns the Fall of Jerusalem annually on this date.JD111381. Bronze eighth shekel, Sofaer 47, Kadman III 37, Hendin 6398 (S), Meshorer TJC 214, SNG ANS 455, BMC Palestine -, VF, well centered, green patina, earthen deposits, scratches, reverse edge beveled, weight 5.813 g, maximum diameter 20.3 mm, die axis 0o, Jerusalem mint, year 4, 69 - 70 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew: To the redemption of Zion, Omer cup with a pearled rim; reverse Paleo-Hebrew: Year four, Lulav (myrtle, palm and willow branches tied together), flanked on each side by an etrog (citron - small lemon like fruit); SOLD
Judaea, Bar Kochba Revolt, 132 - 135 A.D., Irregular Issue
The Bar Kokhba revolt, led by Simon bar Kokhba, was the last of the major Jewish–Roman wars. The Roman army suffered heavy losses. It took six full legions, auxiliaries, and elements from as many as six more legions three years to crush the revolt. The Romans annihilated much of the Judean population. In 134, the they captured Jerusalem and Simon bar Kokhba was killed in 135. Legio VI Ferrata rebuilt the legionary fortress in Jerusalem and constructed a Roman temple at Golgotha. An altar to Jupiter was erected on the site of the Temple. The Jewish diaspora began as Hadrian barred Jews from Jerusalem and had survivors of the massacre dispersed across the Roman Empire. Many were sold into slavery. The Jewish people remained scattered without a homeland for close to two millennia.JD111382. Bronze AE 27, Hendin 6464a, cf. Mildenberg 187, Sofaer 96 - 97, Meshorer TJC 259, aVF, well centered, crude irregular style and epigraphy, weight 12.017 g, maximum diameter 27.5 mm, die axis 180o, undated, year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse paleo-Hebrew inscription: "for the freedom of Jerusalem", three-lobed grape leaf on a tendril; reverse seven branched palm tree with two bunches of dates, paleo-Hebrew inscription "Shimon" (Simon) divided by trunk; $540.00 (€0) ON RESERVE
The First Jewish Revolt, 66 - 70 A.D.
On 14 April 70 A.D. Titus surrounded Jerusalem. He allowed pilgrims to enter to celebrate Passover but this was a trap to put pressure on supplies of food and water; he refused to allow them to leave. On 10 May he began his assault on the walls. The third wall fell on 25 May. The second wall fell on 30 May. On 20 July Titus stormed the Temple Mount. On 4 August 70 A.D. Titus destroyed the Temple. The Jewish fast of Tisha B'Av mourns the Fall of Jerusalem annually on this date.JD111611. Bronze eighth shekel, Sofaer 47, Kadman III 37, Hendin 6398 (S), Meshorer TJC 214, SNG ANS 455, BMC Palestine -, Choice VF, complete legends, applied patina, reverse edge beveled, small edge split, weight 5.059 g, maximum diameter 19.1 mm, die axis 0o, Jerusalem mint, year 4, 69 - 70 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew: To the redemption of Zion, Omer cup with a pearled rim; reverse Paleo-Hebrew: Year four, Lulav (myrtle, palm and willow branches tied together), flanked on each side by an etrog (citron - small lemon like fruit); from the collection of a Texas clergyman, professionally cleaned and patina enhanced by J.P. Fontanille; ex Zurqieh (UAE); SOLD
Judaea, Bar Kochba Revolt, 132 - 135 A.D.
After the defeat of Bar Kochba rebellion, Judea would not be a center of Jewish religious, cultural, or political life again until the modern era, although Jews continued to sporadically populate it and important religious developments still took place there. Galilee became an important center of Rabbinic Judaism, where the Jerusalem Talmud was compiled in the 4th-5th centuries. In the aftermath of the defeat, the maintenance of Jewish settlement in Palestine became a major concern of the rabbinate. The Sages endeavored to halt Jewish dispersal, and even banned emigration from Palestine, branding those who settled outside its borders as idolaters.JD58248. Bronze AE 27, Mildenberg 146 (O11/R110), Meshorer TJC 292a; Hendin 6464, gVF, weight 12.578 g, maximum diameter 26.8 mm, die axis 180o, year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse paleo-Hebrew inscription: "Shimon", seven branched palm tree with two bunches of dates; reverse paleo-Hebrew inscription: "for the freedom of Jerusalem", five-lobed vine-leaf with strongly accentuated ribs, hanging from curved branch, short tendril right; SOLD
The First Jewish Revolt, 66 - 70 A.D.
The Omer is a sacrifice of fresh fruits as specified in Leviticus 2:9-11. The cup itself is the golden vessel that contained the Omer and was used on the second day of Passover when a measure of barley, a tenth of an epah, equal to one and a half pints of fine flour, was offered to the Temple as the fresh fruits of the field. The waving of the cup in different directions during the offering corresponded to the waving of the lulav. The addition of the pomegranate for the reverse design served as a symbol with a variety of interpretations. One belief was that by eating it your merits would will increase by the number of seeds in the fruit. Another belief was that there were 613 seeds in the fruit, thus equating it with the number of commandments in the Torah.SH21138. Bronze eighth shekel, Sofaer 47, Kadman III 37, Hendin 6398 (S), Meshorer TJC 214, SNG ANS 455, BMC Palestine -, gVF, weight 5.226 g, maximum diameter 19.8 mm, die axis 0o, 69 - 70 A.D. mint, year 4, 69 - 70 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew: To the redemption of Zion, Omer cup with a pearled rim; reverse Paleo-Hebrew: Year four, Lulav (myrtle, palm and willow branches tied together), flanked on each side by an etrog (citron - small lemon like fruit); SOLD
Judaea, Bar Kochba Revolt, 132 - 135 A.D.
The Bar Kokhba revolt, led by Simon bar Kokhba, was the last of the major Jewish–Roman wars. The Roman army suffered heavy losses. It took six full legions, auxiliaries, and elements from as many as six more legions three years to crush the revolt. The Romans annihilated much of the Judean population. In 134, the they captured Jerusalem and Simon bar Kokhba was killed in 135. Legio VI Ferrata rebuilt the legionary fortress in Jerusalem and constructed a Roman temple at Golgotha. An altar to Jupiter was erected on the site of the Temple. The Jewish diaspora began as Hadrian barred Jews from Jerusalem and had survivors of the massacre dispersed across the Roman Empire. Many were sold into slavery. The Jewish people remained scattered without a homeland for close to two millennia.JD40891. Bronze AE 25, Hendin 6436, VF, weight 8.874 g, maximum diameter 24.9 mm, die axis 180o, year 2, 133 - 134 A.D.; obverse "Year 2 of the freedom of Israel", vine leaf on tendril; reverse "Shimon", seven branched palm tree with two bunches of dates; SOLD
Vespasian, 1 July 69 - 24 June 79 A.D., Judaea Capta
On 14 April 70 A.D. Titus surrounded Jerusalem. He allowed pilgrims to enter to celebrate Passover but this was a trap to put pressure on supplies of food and water; he refused to allow them to leave. On 10 May he began his assault on the walls. The third wall fell on 25 May. The second wall fell on 30 May. On 20 July Titus stormed the Temple Mount. On 4 August 70 A.D. Titus destroyed the Temple. The Jewish fast of Tisha B'Av mourns the Fall of Jerusalem annually on this date. This type celebrates the victory of Vespasian and Titus. Coins commemorating this event are referred to as "Judaea Capta" issues.SH55394. Orichalcum sestertius, BMCRE II p. 115, 532 ff.; BnF II 490; Hendin 6530 (S); RIC II 159, aF, weight 21.993 g, maximum diameter 31.9 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 71 A.D.; obverse IMP CAES VESPASIAN AVG P M TR P P P COS III, laureate bust right; reverse IVDAEA CAPTA, date palm tree in center, male captive on left standing right with hands bound behind his back, Jewess on right sitting right on cuirass propping her head with her left hand in attitude of mourning, shields flanking them, S C (senatus consulto) in exergue; ex Amphora Coins (David Hendin); scarce; SOLD
Brettian League, Bruttium, Italy, c. 216 - 203 B.C., Allies of Hannibal
The success of Hannibal at Cannae proved too much for the Bruttians' fidelity; they were among the first after the battle to declare in favor of the Carthaginian general. Some towns at first remained with Rome, but Petelia and Consentia were speedily reduced by other Bruttians and a small Carthaginian force, and the more important cities of Locri and Crotona followed not long after. Rhegium alone remained firm, and was able to defy Carthage throughout the war. The region became a Carthaginian stronghold, but the Romans, though avoiding any decisive engagement, continually gained ground by the successive reduction of towns and fortresses. The ravages of war were a severe blow to Bruttium. Punishment by the Romans after the war completed their humiliation. They were deprived of most of their territory, and the whole nation was reduced to near servitude. A praetor with an army was sent annually to watch over them. Colonies were established at Tempsa, Crotona, and Hipponium (renamed Vibo Valentia). A fourth was settled at Thurii on their frontier. From this time the Bruttians as a people disappear from history. All coinage of the Brettii was issued while they were allied with Hannibal.SH95921. Silver drachm, Scheu Silver S14; SNG Tüb 491; SNG ANS 19; HN Italy 1960; BMC Italy p. 321, 20 corr. (palladion vice trophy); HGC Italy 1356 (R3) var. (controls), EF, attractive style, light tone, flow lines, mild die wear, obverse a little off center, weight 4.631 g, maximum diameter 20.4 mm, die axis 225o, Kroton (Crotone, Calabria, Italy) mint, 3rd coinage, c. 216 - 214 B.C.; obverse bust winged Nike right, wearing stephane necklace, and earring, hair bound behind with a fillet, tiny ⌟ and trophy (controls) behind; reverse river god Aisaros standing facing, horned, nude, crowning himself with wreath in right hand, cloak over left arm, long scepter in left hand, BPETTIΩN upward on left, thymiaterion (control) right; from the Errett Bishop Collection; rare; SOLD
Carthage, Zeugitana, North Africa, Second Punic War, c. 203 - 201 B.C.
Tanit was a Phoenician lunar goddess, worshiped as the patron goddess at Carthage.SH96815. Billon trihemishekel, Viola CNP 104a, SNG Cop VIII 391, SNG Milan XIV 9, Alexandropoulos 81 var. (single drop earring), Müller Afrique 230 var. (same), VF, toned white metal, off center on a broad flan, beveled obverse edge, light deposits, diagonal lines from die in reverse fields, weight 9.214 g, maximum diameter 25.9 mm, die axis 0o, Carthage (near Tunis, Tunisia) mint, Second Punic War, c. 203 - 201 B.C.; obverse head of Kore-Tanit left, hair waved and rolled, wearing barley wreath, ear-ring with triple pendant, linear border; reverse horse standing right, head turned back left, right foreleg raised, no control marks, linear border; from the CEB Collection; ex Numismatic Fine Arts, fall 1989 mail bid sale, lot 398; SOLD
Judaea, Bar Kochba Revolt, 132 - 135 A.D.
The Bar Kokhba revolt, led by Simon bar Kokhba, was the last of the major Jewish–Roman wars. The Roman army suffered heavy losses. It took six full legions, auxiliaries, and elements from as many as six more legions three years to crush the revolt. The Romans annihilated much of the Judean population. In 134, the they captured Jerusalem and Simon bar Kokhba was killed in 135. Legio VI Ferrata rebuilt the legionary fortress in Jerusalem and constructed a Roman temple at Golgotha. An altar to Jupiter was erected on the site of the Temple. The Jewish diaspora began as Hadrian barred Jews from Jerusalem and had survivors of the massacre dispersed across the Roman Empire. Many were sold into slavery. The Jewish people remained scattered without a homeland for close to two millennia.SH55902. Bronze AE 26, Mildenberg 68 (same dies), Meshorer TJC 260a, Hendin 6436, gVF, weight 10.036 g, maximum diameter 25.9 mm, die axis 180o, year 2, 133 - 134 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription: "SMA" (abbreviating Simon), seven branched palm tree with two bunches of dates; reverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription: "Year 2 of the freedom of Israel", vine leaf on tendril; SOLD
Celts, Atrebates and Regni, British Tribes, South of the Thames, c. 60 - 20 B.C.
At the time of Caesar's invasion of Britain, the Atrebates, "the settlers," covered Sussex, Berkshire, west Surrey, parts of Hampshire, north-east Wiltshire. The Regni, originally Regini, "the stiff ones," occupied Sussex in Roman times.SH01358. Gold quarter stater, uninscribed 'Bognor Cogwheel' type; Cottam ABC 509, SCBC 48, gVF, scyphate, weight 1.39 g, maximum diameter 13.0 mm, die axis 180o, obverse extremely stylized head of Zeus or Apollo; reverse horse right with triple tail, floral sun above, cog wheel below, wheel right; a beautiful example of Celtic art; SOLD
Nabataean Kingdom, Syllaeus and Aretas IV, 9 B.C.
Aretas IV was probably the son of Obodas III, but this is not certain. Syllaeus was chief minister for Obodas III and initially shared rule with Aretas after Obodas death. But the rulers of Nabataea served under the authority of Rome and Rome, begrudging Syllaeus as an enemy, did not approve. In 24 B.C. Syllaeus had betrayed Rome causing the near complete massacre of a Roman army sent into Arabia Felix. Syllaeus was called to the court at Rome, where in 6 B.C. he was convicted of treason and Obodas' murder. He was beheaded and his body was pitched from the Tarpeian Rock.SH12877. Silver 1/4 drachm or denarius, Barkay CN 76; Al-Qatanani 61, Meshorer Nabataean Sup. 4; Schmitt-Korte III pl. 10, Choice VF, weight 1.069 g, maximum diameter 12.0 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 9 B.C.; obverse diademed head of Obodas II, Syllaes' Nabataean letter shin behind; reverse S (shin = Syllaeus) and H (heth = Aretas) in wreath; very rare; SOLD
Judaea, Bar Kochba Revolt, 132 - 135 A.D.
The Bar Kokhba revolt, led by Simon bar Kokhba, was the last of the major Jewish–Roman wars. The Roman army suffered heavy losses. It took six full legions, auxiliaries, and elements from as many as six more legions three years to crush the revolt. The Romans annihilated much of the Judean population. In 134, the they captured Jerusalem and Simon bar Kokhba was killed in 135. Legio VI Ferrata rebuilt the legionary fortress in Jerusalem and constructed a Roman temple at Golgotha. An altar to Jupiter was erected on the site of the Temple. The Jewish diaspora began as Hadrian barred Jews from Jerusalem and had survivors of the massacre dispersed across the Roman Empire. Many were sold into slavery. The Jewish people remained scattered without a homeland for close to two millennia.JD97984. Bronze AE 20, Mildenberg 154 (O3/R5); Meshorer TJC 266a; Hendin 6438; SNG ANS 544; BMC Palestine p. 310, 63, VF, burgundy-black-green patina, slightly off center, weight 5.324 g, maximum diameter 19.5 mm, die axis 180o, year 2, 133 - 134 A.D.; obverse paleo-Hebrew inscription "Year 2 of the freedom of Israel", bunch of grapes with branch and small leaf; reverse seven-branched palm tree with two bunches of dates, paleo-Hebrew inscription "Jerusalem" across field divided by trunk; SOLD
Judaea, Bar Kochba Revolt, 132 - 135 A.D.
The Bar Kokhba revolt, led by Simon bar Kokhba, was the last of the major Jewish–Roman wars. The Roman army suffered heavy losses. It took six full legions, auxiliaries, and elements from as many as six more legions three years to crush the revolt. The Romans annihilated much of the Judean population. In 134, the they captured Jerusalem and Simon bar Kokhba was killed in 135. Legio VI Ferrata rebuilt the legionary fortress in Jerusalem and constructed a Roman temple at Golgotha. An altar to Jupiter was erected on the site of the Temple. The Jewish diaspora began as Hadrian barred Jews from Jerusalem and had survivors of the massacre dispersed across the Roman Empire. Many were sold into slavery. The Jewish people remained scattered without a homeland for close to two millennia.JD98004. Bronze AE 23, Mildenberg 110 (O9/R74), Meshorer TJC 292, Hendin 6464, VF, mottled green and black patina with brassy high points, uneven strike, weight 10.122 g, maximum diameter 23.3 mm, die axis 180o, undated, year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse paleo-Hebrew inscription: "for the freedom of Jerusalem", three-lobed grape leaf on a tendril; reverse seven branched palm tree with two bunches of dates, paleo-Hebrew inscription "Shimon" (Simon) divided by trunk; SOLD
Vespasian, 1 July 69 - 24 June 79 A.D., Judaea Capta
On 14 April 70 A.D. Titus surrounded Jerusalem. He allowed pilgrims to enter to celebrate Passover but this was a trap to put pressure on supplies of food and water; he refused to allow them to leave. On 10 May he began his assault on the walls. The third wall fell on 25 May. The second wall fell on 30 May. On 20 July Titus stormed the Temple Mount. On 4 August 70 A.D. Titus destroyed the Temple. The Jewish fast of Tisha B'Av mourns the Fall of Jerusalem annually on this date. This type celebrates the victory of Vespasian and Titus. Coins commemorating this event are referred to as "Judaea Capta" issues.SH18889. Silver denarius, RIC II-1 2; Hendin 6509; BMCRE II 35; RSC II 226; Hunter I 18; SRCV I 2296, Choice VF+, weight 3.302 g, maximum diameter 18.8 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, c. 21 Dec 69 - early 70 A.D.; obverse IMP CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG, laureate head right; reverse Jewess captive seated right in attitude of mourning beside a trophy of captured arms behind her, IVDAEA in exergue; SOLD
Roman Republic, Dictatorship of Julius Caesar, L Hostilius Saserna, 48 B.C.
The events of 48 B.C. are among the best known of ancient history. Caesar defeated Pompey at Pharsalus and later was greeted at Alexandria with a gift of Pompey's head. The twenty-one-year-old Cleopatra VII had herself delivered to him rolled in a carpet and became his mistress. Caesar and Cleopatra defeated Ptolemy XIII, but during the battle the Library of Alexandria was burned.
This type refers to Caesar's taking of Massilia early in the war with Pompey. Artemis Ephesia was held in special reverence at Massilia, where they had a temple dedicated to her.RR82689. Silver denarius, Crawford 448/3, Sydenham 953, RSC I Hostilia 4, Sear Imperators 19, BMCRR Rome 3996, SRCV I 419, gVF, attractive toning, light marks, die wear, reverse slightly off center, weight 3.993 g, maximum diameter 18.5 mm, die axis 90o, Rome mint, 48 B.C.; obverse bare head of Gallia right with long disheveled hair, carnyx (Gallic trumpet) behind; reverse cultus statue of Diana (Artemis) of Ephesus standing facing, laureate, long hair falling down her shoulders and long flowing robes, holding stag left by its antlers with her right hand, vertical spear in left hand, SASERNA curving upward on left, L • HOSTILIVS downward on right; ex Gorny and Mosch auction 176 (10 Mar 2009), lot 1962; scarce; SOLD
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