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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Medieval & Modern Coins| ▸ |Crusaders||View Options:  |  |  |   

Coins of the Crusaders

The crusades were military expeditions undertaken by the Christians of Europe in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims. The origin of the word may be traced to the cross made of cloth and worn as a badge on the outer garment of those who took part in these enterprises. The Crusader states were a number of mostly 12th and 13th century feudal states created by Western European crusaders in Sicily, Greece, Asia Minor, and the Holy Land, and during the Northern Crusades in the eastern Baltic area. Politics were complicated, including a Christian alliance with the Islamic Sultanate of Rûm during the Fifth Crusade. The Crusaders ravaged the countries they marched through, killed 8,000 Jews in the Rhineland in the first of Europe's pogroms, devastated the Mediterranean ports, fought amongst themselves as much as the "Infidel" and fleeced their subjects to fill their coffers. Murder and massacre in the service of the Gospel was commonplace. Seventy thousand civilians were butchered in the sack of Jerusalem. The end came in 1291 with the fall of Acre, the last Christian stronghold in the Holy Land. Near East 1135

Crusaders, Principality of Antioch, Bohemond III, 1163 - 1201

|Crusaders|, |Crusaders,| |Principality| |of| |Antioch,| |Bohemond| |III,| |1163| |-| |1201||denier|

Cover Coin - book cover coin for Malloy, Preston and Seltman's Coins of the Crusader States.

From the collection of Alex G. Malloy, former dealer for 40 years. Ex A.J. |Seltman| Collection.

crusader book
SH45453. Billon denier, Malloy CCS p.211, 53b (book cover coin), Choice EF, weight 0.994 g, maximum diameter 17.3 mm, die axis 135o, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, obverse + BOAMVNDVS, elongated bearded head right wearing helmet and chain-mail, crescent left, star right, A ornamented with pellets; reverse + AMTIOCNIA (sic), cross pattée, crescent in upper right angle, A's ornamented with pellets; buyer will receive a free copy of Coins of the Crusader States signed by Alex Malloy; scarce; SOLD


Crusaders, Principality of Achaea, Robert d'Anjou (de Taranto), 1333 - 1364, Imitative Andrea Dandolo, Doge of Venezia

|Crusaders|, |Crusaders,| |Principality| |of| |Achaea,| |Robert| |d'Anjou| |(de| |Taranto),| |1333| |-| |1364,| |Imitative| |Andrea| |Dandolo,| |Doge| |of| |Venezia||ducato|
Venetian style imitative ducati copying the types of Andrea Dandolo and other doges are traditionally attributed to Robert d'Anjou (de Taranto) as Prince of Achaea. Widespread circulation and numerous varieties indicate some possibility they may have also been struck elsewhere, such as Chios under Genoa or Mytilene under the Gattilusi.
ME45452. Gold ducato, cf. Ives p. XIII; Schlumberger p. 21 and pl. XXI, 19 - 22; Gamberini 344; and Friedberg 38a var. (K on obv), Superb EF, weight 3.479 g, maximum diameter 21.8 mm, die axis 0o, uncertain mint, 1443 - 1454; obverse S/N / V/E/N/E/T/I D/V/X ANDR DANDVO (S and third N sideways), St. Mark standing right, receiving banner from Doge kneeling left; reverse SIT T XPE DAT Q TV RIZ IZTE DVCATT (S retrograde), Christ standing facing, raising right hand in benediction, Gospels in left, surrounded by mandorla containing nine stars; ex CNG; SOLD


Crusaders, Kingdom of Jerusalem, Baldwin III, 1143 - 1163

|Malloy| |Crusader| |Collection|, |Crusaders,| |Kingdom| |of| |Jerusalem,| |Baldwin| |III,| |1143| |-| |1163||cut| |fragment|
This is the plate coin in Malloy, Preston and Seltman's Coins of the Crusader States.

From the collection of Alex G. Malloy, former dealer for 40 years and co-author of "Coins of the Crusader States." Ex CNA IV mail bid sale, lot 400816, 21 Sep 1988.
SH32094. Gold cut fragment, Malloy CCS p. 84, 59 & pl. 1, 59 (this coin), VF, weight 0.623 g, maximum diameter 10.7 mm, Jerusalem mint, obverse LE + C, six-pointed star pattern; reverse V : S, multifoil; SOLD


Crusaders, Principality of Antioch, Raymond Roupen or Later, Anonymous Gate Series, 1216 - 1268

|Malloy| |Crusader| |Collection|, |Crusaders,| |Principality| |of| |Antioch,| |Raymond| |Roupen| |or| |Later,| |Anonymous| |Gate| |Series,| |1216| |-| |1268||AE| |18|
From the collection of Alex G. Malloy, former dealer for 40 years and co-author of Coins of the Crusader States.

Ex John J. Slocum Collection. Mr. Slocum was in the American diplomatic service in the Holy Land where he collected rare and unique coins in the early 1960's.

Antioch existed for over 1500 years, was one of the three most important cities in the ancient world, and in the 1st century had a population of about 500,000 (not counting women and slaves). On 18 May 1268, Antioch surrendered to Baibars on the condition that the lives of the citizens would be spared. As soon as his troops were within the gates, Baibars ordered the gates shut and brutally massacred everyone in the city. Lamenting that Antioch's ruler had not been present either for the siege or the ransacking and murder, Baibars wrote a detailed letter describing exactly what had been done, concluding with the phrase, "Had you been there, you would have wished you had never been born."

SH32272. Bronze AE 18, Malloy CCS -, Metcalf Crusades -; See Malloy CCS p. 196 ff. for discussion of the Anonymous Gate Series, F, weight 1.557 g, maximum diameter 18.1 mm, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, obverse gate containing pellets, four horizontal bars and four vertical bars; reverse six spoked wheel wending in center with each spoke ending in the center with an annulet; unique!; SOLD


Crusaders, Principality of Antioch, Late Anonymous, 1250 - 1268

|Malloy| |Crusader| |Collection|, |Crusaders,| |Principality| |of| |Antioch,| |Late| |Anonymous,| |1250| |-| |1268||pougeoise|
From the collection of Alex G. Malloy, former dealer for 40 years and co-author of Coins of the Crusader States. See Malloy Crusaders p. 197 for a discussion of the late anonymous series.

Ex John J. Slocum Collection. Mr. Slocum was in the American diplomatic service in the Holy Land where he collected rare and unique coins in the early 1960's.

Antioch existed for over 1500 years, was one of the three most important cities in the ancient world, and in the 1st century had a population of about 500,000 (not counting women and slaves). On 18 May 1268, Antioch surrendered to Baibars on the condition that the lives of the citizens would be spared. As soon as his troops were within the gates, Baibars ordered the gates shut and brutally massacred everyone in the city. Afterward, lamenting that Antioch's ruler had not been present either for the siege or the ransacking and murder, Baibars wrote a detailed letter describing exactly what had been done, concluding the letter with the phrase, "Had you been there, you would have wished you had never been born."

FORVM has three examples of this type (one a variant without the T) from the Malloy Collection. No other examples are known and the type is otherwise unknown to modern numismatics. Historically of great importance, these coins were minted in the last throngs of the city of Antioch as it was dying.

SH32083. Bronze pougeoise, unpublished and important, one of three known, Malloy CCS -, Metcalf Crusades -, VF, weight 0.672 g, maximum diameter 15.2 mm, die axis 270o, obverse hexagram, ANT (Antioch) monogram in center (T is small and above H); reverse hexagram, ΠP monogram in center (uncertain meaning, perhaps the moneyers name or the ruling Crusaders at this time but interestingly in Greek not Latin); of great rarity; SOLD


Crusaders, Principality of Antioch, Late Anonymous, 1250 - 1268

|Malloy| |Crusader| |Collection|, |Crusaders,| |Principality| |of| |Antioch,| |Late| |Anonymous,| |1250| |-| |1268||pougeoise|
From the collection of Alex G. Malloy, former dealer for 40 years and co-author of Coins of the Crusader States. See Malloy Crusaders p. 197 for a discussion of the late anonymous series.

Ex John J. Slocum Collection. Mr. Slocum was in the American diplomatic service in the Holy Land where he collected rare and unique coins in the early 1960's.

Antioch existed for over 1500 years, was one of the three most important cities in the ancient world, and in the 1st century had a population of about 500,000 (not counting women and slaves). On 18 May 1268, Antioch surrendered to Baibars on the condition that the lives of the citizens would be spared. As soon as his troops were within the gates, Baibars ordered the gates shut and brutally massacred everyone in the city. Lamenting that Antioch's ruler had not been present either for the siege or the ransacking and murder, Baibars wrote a detailed letter describing exactly what had been done, concluding with the phrase, "Had you been there, you would have wished you had never been born."

FORVM has three examples of this type from the Malloy Collection. This particular coin is a unique variant. The other two examples have a small T above H, missing on this coin. No other examples are known and the type is otherwise unknown to modern numismatics. Historically of great importance, these coins were minted in the last throngs of the city of Antioch as it was dying.

SH32084. Bronze pougeoise, unpublished and historically important, unique variant of type with only three known, Malloy CCS -, Metcalf Crusades -, aVF, weight 0.774 g, maximum diameter 14.7 mm, die axis 45o, obverse hexagram, AN (Antioch) monogram in center; reverse hexagram, ΠP monogram in center (uncertain meaning, perhaps the moneyers name or the ruling Crusaders at this time but interestingly in Greek not Latin); of great rarity; SOLD


Crusaders, Principality of Antioch, Bohemond III, 1163 - 1201

|Malloy| |Crusader| |Collection|, |Crusaders,| |Principality| |of| |Antioch,| |Bohemond| |III,| |1163| |-| |1201||pougeoise|
This is the line drawing coin in Malloy, Preston and Seltman's Coins of the Crusader States.

From the collection of Alex G. Malloy, former dealer for 40 years. Ex Spink and Son. Ex R. Pesant Collection.
SH31535. Bronze pougeoise, Malloy CCS p, 215, 71a (this coin); DeWit NCirc. (1981), p. 117, type 3, VF, edge chip, weight 0.729 g, maximum diameter 16.2 mm, die axis 0o, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, majority, early period, 1163 - 1188; obverse + BOAMVNDVS, fleur-de-lis with splayed foot, pellet in each angle; reverse + ANTIOCHIA, cross pattée, five pointed star in each angle, fine beaded border; rare, Very Fine examples of this type are extremely difficult to obtain; SOLD


Crusaders, Principality of Antioch, Tancred, Regent, March 1101 - May 1103 and Late 1104 - December 1112

|Crusaders|, |Crusaders,| |Principality| |of| |Antioch,| |Tancred,| |Regent,| |March| |1101| |-| |May| |1103| |and| |Late| |1104| |-| |December| |1112||follis|
Tancred, a Norman leader of the 1st Crusade, became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch when his uncle Bohemund was taken prisoner. He later took the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was captured, but Baldwin was released, defeated him and took it back. Tancred was made regent of Antioch again when Bohemund went to Europe to recruit more Crusaders. Tancred refused to honor a treaty in of fealty to the Byzantine Emperor, making Antioch independent, and ruled until his death in a typhoid epidemic.
CR98521. Bronze follis, Metcalf Crusades pl. 5, 81; Malloy CCS p. 199, 5; Schlumberger pl. II, 8, VF, overstruck on previous follis, weight 4.911 g, maximum diameter 25.3 mm, die axis 180o, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, obverse facing bust of Christ, wears nimbus cruciger ornamented with one pellet in each limb of cross, pallium, and colobium, Gospels in both hands, IC - XC (Greek abbreviation: IΗΣOúΣ XPIΣTOΣ - Jesus Christ) across field; reverse cross pommée, fleuronnée at base, TA-NK/P-H in quarters, parts of inscription of undertype visible; ex Leu Numismatik auction 16 (22 May 2021), lot 4205; SOLD


Crusaders, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Roupen I, 1080 - 1095 A.D.

|Armenian| |Cilicia|, |Crusaders,| |Armenian| |Kingdom| |of| |Cilicia,| |Roupen| |I,| |1080| |-| |1095| |A.D.||Pogh|
Roupen I declared Cilicia independent from the Byzantine Empire in 1080, founding the Roupenian dynasty, which ruled Cilician Armenia until 1219. He led bold and successful military campaigns against the Byzantines, including capturing the fortress of Pardzerpert (today Andirin in Turkey), which became a stronghold of the new kingdom.
SH65204. Bronze Pogh, Bedoukian CCA 1, Nercessian ACV 245, VF, weight 2.476 g, maximum diameter 20.8 mm, obverse Armenian legend: Raiben. (Roupen), cross within circle, pellets in quarters; reverse Armenian legend: Tsara ay (Servant of God), cross within circle, pellets in quarters; rare; SOLD


Crusaders, Latin East, Immitation after Caliph Al-Mustansir

|Crusaders|, |Crusaders,| |Latin| |East,| |Immitation| |after| |Caliph| |Al-Mustansir||bezant|
SH14601. Gold bezant, Malloy CCS p. 120, 8, VF, weight 2.958 g, maximum diameter 23.2 mm, die axis 0o, Tripoli (Lebanon) mint, after 1035 A.D.; obverse •B• above pseudo Arabic legend, pseudo Arabic legend around; reverse •T• above pseudo Arabic legend, cross in center, pseudo Arabic legend around; SOLD




  




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REFERENCES

Bedoukian, P. Coinage of the Artaxiads of Armenia. RNS Special Publication 10. (London, 1978).
Bedoukian, P. Coinage of Cilician Armenia. ANSNNM 147. (1962).
Bellinger, A. Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection, Alexius I to Michael VIII, 1081-1261. (Washington D.C., 1966).
Biaggi, E. Monete e Zecche medievali Italiane dal Sec. VIII al Sec. XV. (Torino, 1992).
Boudeau, E. Monnaies Françaises Provinciales. (Maastricht, 1970).
Boutin, S. Monnaies des Empires de Byzance - Collection of N.K. Volumes 1-2. (Maastricht, 1983).
Grierson, P. & L. Travaini. Medieval European Coinage, Vol. 14: Italy III: South Italy, Sicily, Sardinia. (Cambridge, 1998).
Hendy, M. Coinage and Money in the Byzantine Empire 1081-1261. (Washington D.C., 1969).
Malloy, A., I. Preston, & A. Seltman. Coins of the Crusader States, 2nd Edition. (New York, 2004).
Metcalf, D. Coinage of the Crusaders and the Latin East in the Ashmolean Museum Oxford. (London, 1995).
Metcalf, D. "Coinage of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in the name of Baudouin" in NC 1978.
Metcalf, D. "Billon Coinage of the Crusading Principality of Antioch" in NC 1969. (London, 1969).
Münzen & Medaillen. Coins of the Crusader States and Their Successors, The Collection of Erich Wäckerlin, auction 47, 23 May 2019.
Nercessian, Y. Armenian Coins and Their Values. Armenian Numismatic Society, Special Publication 8. (Los Angeles, 1995).
Pesant, R. "Folles of Doubtful Attribution to Joscelyn de Courtenay, Count of Edessa" in NumCirc 93/6 (Jul-Aug 1985), pp. 188 - 189.
Pesant, R. "Three Additional Folles Presumably of Joscelyn of Edessa" in NumCirc 100/9 (Nov 1992), pp. 302 - 303.
Pesant, R. "Further comments on the presumed coinage of Joscelyn of Edessa" in NumCirc 102/9 (Oct 1994), pp. 355 - 356.
Phillips, M. "The 'Roupen' Hoard of Helmet Pennies of Antioch" in NC 2005.
Porteous, J. "Crusader Coinage with Greek or Latin Inscriptions" in A History of the Crusades, vol. IV. (Madison, 1989).
Sabine, C. "The billon and copper coinage of the crusader country of Tripoli, c. 1102-1268" in NC 1980, pp. 71 - 112, pls. 9 - 14.
Sear, D. Byzantine Coins and Their Values. (London, 1987).
Schlumberger, G. Numismatique de l'Orient latin. (1878; Supplement 1882; reprinted: Graz, 1954).
Sommer, A. Die Münzen des Byzantinischen Reiches 491-1453. Mit einem Anhang: Die Münzen des Kaiserreichs von Trapezunt. (Regenstauf, 2010).
Sotheby's. The John J. Slocum Collection of Coins of the Crusades, catalog of public auction, London, 6 Mar 1997.
Travaini, L. "Hohenstaufen and Angevin denari of Sicily and Southern Italy: their mint attributions" in NC 1993.
Tzamalis, A. "Addition to the tornesia of the 1st group of Guillaume de Villehardouin" in NK 11 (1992).
Tzamalis, A. "The first period of the Frankish tornesio. New evidence from an old hoard" in NK 9-10 (1990-1991).

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