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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Greek Coins| ▸ |Hellenistic Monarchies| ▸ |Kingdom of Edessa||View Options:  |  |  |   

Kingdom of Edessa (Osrone), Mesopotamia

The Kingdom of Osroene (or Edessa) was one of several kingdoms arising from the dissolution of the Seleucid Empire. It was established by Nabataeans or Arabs from North Arabia, occupied an area that is now the border between Syria and Turkey, and lasted nearly four centuries, c. 132 B.C. to 214 A.D., under twenty-eight rulers. Located on the silk route between the two superpowers, the kingdom was alternately dominated by Parthia and Rome. Each invasion by one or the other would change the balance of power and sometimes the government. In 213 A.D., Caracalla summoned the king and his sons to Rome, murdered them and took direct rule for Rome. The Sassanids took Edessa in 242 A.D. but Gordian III quickly recovered the area and returned the throne to the dynasty. The Kingdom of Edessa ceased to exist when it was taken by the Sassanids in 244 A.D. The Syriac document, "The Teaching of Addai" claims that Abgar V, King of Edessa, corresponded with Jesus and asked him to come to Edessa. Tradition also says Christianity became the official religion of Edessa in 206 A.D., 135 years before Theodosius made Christianity the official religion of Rome in 341 A.D.

The Kingdom of Edessa, Mesopotamia, Abgar VIII with Septimius Severus, 197 - 212 A.D.

|Kingdom| |of| |Edessa|, |The| |Kingdom| |of| |Edessa,| |Mesopotamia,| |Abgar| |VIII| |with| |Septimius| |Severus,| |197| |-| |212| |A.D.||AE| |23|
Abgar VIII, also known as Abgar the Great, is remembered for his reputed conversion to Christianity in about 200 A.D. His son Abgar IX Severus, who succeeded him in 212, was summoned with his son to Rome in 213 and murdered at the orders of Caracalla. A year later, Caracalla incorporated the kingdom into the empire as a Roman province.
RY55358. Bronze AE 23, BMC Arabia p. 94, 14 ff., SNG Cop 196 ff., F, weight 6.505 g, maximum diameter 23.1 mm, die axis 180o, Mesopotamia, Edessa (Urfa, Sanliurfa, Turkey) mint, 197 - 212 A.D.; obverse CEOVHPOC ΛTOKΛO (or similar), laureate head of Septimius Severus right; reverse ABΓAPC BACIΛC (or similar), draped bust of Abgar right, bearded, wearing a diademed tiara, holding scepter before; SOLD


Kingdom of Edessa, Mesopotamia, Abgar X with Gordian III, 242 - 243 A.D.

|Kingdom| |of| |Edessa|, |Kingdom| |of| |Edessa,| |Mesopotamia,| |Abgar| |X| |with| |Gordian| |III,| |242| |-| |243| |A.D.||AE| |24|
Abgar X Frahad bar Manu was raised to the throne when Gordian III recovered Mesopotamia from the Persians. His rule and the Kingdom of Edessa both ended with Gordian's assassination and a Sassanid takeover in 244 A.D.
GB84832. Bronze AE 24, BMC Arabia p. 115, 148; Babelon Edessa 97; cf. SNG Cop 225 (draped and cuirassed), SNG Hunterian 2579 (same), VF, porous, minor pitting, some legend unstruck, reverse a little off center, weight 7.981 g, maximum diameter 23.5 mm, die axis 0o, Mesopotamia, Edessa (Urfa, Sanliurfa, Turkey) mint, 242 - 243 A.D.; obverse AYTOK K M ANT ΓOPΔIANOC CEB, laureate bust of Gordian III right, slight drapery on left shoulder, star lower right; reverse ABΓAPOC BACIΛEYC, draped bust of Abgar right, bearded, wearing a diademed Parthian-style tiara, star behind; SOLD


Kingdom of Edessa, Mesopotamia, Abgar X with Gordian III, 242 - 243 A.D.

|Kingdom| |of| |Edessa|, |Kingdom| |of| |Edessa,| |Mesopotamia,| |Abgar| |X| |with| |Gordian| |III,| |242| |-| |243| |A.D.||AE| |20|
Abgar X Frahad bar Manu was raised to the throne when Gordian III recovered Mesopotamia from the Persians. His rule and the Kingdom of Edessa both ended with Gordian's assassination and a Sassanid takeover in 244 A.D.
RY92577. Bronze AE 20, RPC Online VII.2 U2973 (33 spec.); SNG Cop 227 corr. (says radiate); SNG Hunterian II 2582; BMC Arabia p. 116, 159; Babelon Edessa 102, aVF, near black patina, slightly off center on a tight flan, pitting, weight 6.336 g, maximum diameter 19.7 mm, die axis 180o, Mesopotamia, Edessa (Urfa, Sanliurfa, Turkey) mint, 242 - 243 A.D.; obverse AYTOK K M ANT ΓOPΔIANOC CEB, laureate bust of Gordian III right, slight drapery on left shoulder, no star; reverse ABΓAPOC BACIΛEYC, draped bust of Abgar right, bearded, wearing a diademed Parthian-style tiara, no star; from the Errett Bishop Collection; SOLD


Kingdom of Edessa, Mesopotamia, Abgar X with Gordian III, 242 - 243 A.D.

|Kingdom| |of| |Edessa|, |Kingdom| |of| |Edessa,| |Mesopotamia,| |Abgar| |X| |with| |Gordian| |III,| |242| |-| |243| |A.D.||AE| |24|
Abgar X Frahad bar Manu was raised to the throne when Gordian III recovered Mesopotamia from the Persians. His rule and the Kingdom of Edessa both ended with Gordian's assassination and a Sassanid takeover in 244 A.D.
RP08563. Bronze AE 24, SGICV 5745, BMC Arabia 149, SNG Cop 225, F, weight 9.43 g, maximum diameter 23.9 mm, die axis 0o, Mesopotamia, Edessa (Urfa, Sanliurfa, Turkey) mint, obverse AVTOK K M ANT ΓOPΔIANOC CEB, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Gordian III right, star before; reverse ABΓAPOC BACIΛEVC, draped bust of Abgar right, bearded, wearing a diademed tiara, star behind; SOLD


Kingdom of Edessa, Mesopotamia, Abgar X with Gordian III, 239 - 242 A.D.

|Kingdom| |of| |Edessa|, |Kingdom| |of| |Edessa,| |Mesopotamia,| |Abgar| |X| |with| |Gordian| |III,| |239| |-| |242| |A.D.||AE| |23|
Abgar X Frahad bar Manu was raised to the throne when Gordian III recovered Mesopotamia from the Persians. His rule and the Kingdom of Edessa both ended with Gordian's assassination and a Sassanid takeover in 244 A.D.
RP97599. Bronze AE 23, RPC Online VII.2 U2952; SNG Hunterian 2579; SNG Cop 225; BMC Arabia p. 114, 144 - 147; Babelon Edessa 96, F, black patina with orange earthen fill, well centered obverse, pitted, weight 8.953 g, maximum diameter 22.5 mm, die axis 135o, Mesopotamia, Edessa (Urfa, Sanliurfa, Turkey) mint, 239 - 242 A.D.; obverse AYTOK K M ANT ΓOPΔIANOC CEB, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Gordian III right, seen from behind, star lower right; reverse ABΓAPOC - BACIΛEYC, mantled bust of Abgar right, bearded, wearing a diademed Parthian-style tiara ornamented with a rosette, star behind; from the Michael Arslan Collection; SOLD


Kingdom of Edessa, Mesopotamia, Abgar X with Gordian III, 242 - 243 A.D.

|Kingdom| |of| |Edessa|, |Kingdom| |of| |Edessa,| |Mesopotamia,| |Abgar| |X| |with| |Gordian| |III,| |242| |-| |243| |A.D.||AE| |24|
Abgar X Frahad bar Manu was raised to the throne when Gordian III recovered Mesopotamia from the Persians. His rule and the Kingdom of Edessa both ended with Gordian's assassination and a Sassanid takeover in 244 A.D.
RP29047. Bronze AE 24, SNG Cop 227, aVF, weight 9.269 g, maximum diameter 23.5 mm, die axis 165o, Mesopotamia, Edessa (Urfa, Sanliurfa, Turkey) mint, obverse AVTOK K M ANT ΓOPΔIANOC CEB, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Gordian III right, star before; reverse ABΓAPOC BACIΛEVC, draped bust of Abgar right, bearded, wearing a diademed tiara, star behind; SOLD


Kingdom of Edessa, Mesopotamia, Abgar X with Gordian III, 242 - 243 A.D.

|Kingdom| |of| |Edessa|, |Kingdom| |of| |Edessa,| |Mesopotamia,| |Abgar| |X| |with| |Gordian| |III,| |242| |-| |243| |A.D.||AE| |24|
Abgar X Frahad bar Manu was raised to the throne when Gordian III recovered Mesopotamia from the Persians. His rule and the Kingdom of Edessa both ended with Gordian's assassination and a Sassanid takeover in 244 A.D.
RP55374. Bronze AE 24, SNG Cop 225; BMC Arabia p. 114, 144; SGICV 5745, F, weight 8.857 g, maximum diameter 23.5 mm, die axis 180o, Mesopotamia, Edessa (Urfa, Sanliurfa, Turkey) mint, obverse AYTOK K M ANT ΓOPΔIANOC CEB, laureate bust of Gordian III right, drapery on left shoulder, star before; reverse ABΓAPOC BACIΛEYC, draped bust of Abgar right, bearded, wearing a diademed Parthian-style tiara, star behind; ex Amphora Coins (David Hendin); SOLD


Kingdom of Edessa, Mesopotamia, Abgar X with Gordian III, 242 - 244 A.D.

|Kingdom| |of| |Edessa|, |Kingdom| |of| |Edessa,| |Mesopotamia,| |Abgar| |X| |with| |Gordian| |III,| |242| |-| |244| |A.D.||AE| |26|
Abgar X Frahad bar Manu was raised to the throne when Gordian III recovered Mesopotamia from the Persians. His rule and the Kingdom of Edessa both ended with Gordian's assassination and a Sassanid takeover in 244 A.D.
RP90428. Bronze AE 26, SNG Hunterian 2579, SNG Cop 225; BMC Arabia p. 114, 144; Babelon Edessa 96, VF, centered, light corrosion, weight 10.938 g, maximum diameter 25.5 mm, die axis 0o, Mesopotamia, Edessa (Urfa, Sanliurfa, Turkey) mint, 242 - 244 A.D.; obverse AYTOK K M ANT ΓOPΔIANOC CEB, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Gordian III right, seen from behind, star lower right; reverse ABΓAPOC BACIΛEYC, mantled bust of Abgar right, bearded, wearing a diademed Parthian-style tiara ornamented with a rosette, star behind; SOLD


Kingdom of Osrhoene, King King Ma'nu VIII, c. 139 - 163 and 165 - 177 A.D., In the Name of Lucilla

|Kingdom| |of| |Edessa|, |Kingdom| |of| |Osrhoene,| |King| |King| |Ma'nu| |VIII,| |c.| |139| |-| |163| |and| |165| |-| |177| |A.D.,| |In| |the| |Name| |of| |Lucilla||denarius|
The Kingdom of Osrhoene was an independent kingdom, alternately under Parthian and Roman domination, from the end of the Seleucid period until it became a Roman province in 244 A.D. This coin was minted in the name of Lucilla, Augusta and wife of the emperor Lucius Verus.
SH15727. Silver denarius, possibly unpublished, SRCV II -, SNG Cop -, cf. BMC Arabia p. 93, 7 ff. (Juno reverse), F, uneven toning, flat reverse strike, weight 2.334 g, maximum diameter 17.0 mm, die axis 180o, Mesopotamia, Edessa (Urfa, Sanliurfa, Turkey) mint, c. 167 - 177 A.D.; obverse ΛOVKIΛΛA CEBACTH, draped bust of Lucilla right, hair plaited, bound with fillet, and tied with chignon in back; reverse BACIΛEV MANNOC ΦIΛOPWMA, Victory walking left, wreath in right hand, palm over shoulder in left; extremely rare; SOLD


The Kingdom of Edessa, Mesopotamia, Abgar VIII with Septimius Severus, 197 - 212 A.D.

|Kingdom| |of| |Edessa|, |The| |Kingdom| |of| |Edessa,| |Mesopotamia,| |Abgar| |VIII| |with| |Septimius| |Severus,| |197| |-| |212| |A.D.
||AE| |22|
Abgar VIII, also known as Abgar the Great, is remembered for his reputed conversion to Christianity in about 200 A.D. His son Abgar IX Severus, who succeeded him in 212, was summoned with his son to Rome in 213 and murdered at the orders of Caracalla. A year later, Caracalla incorporated the kingdom into the empire as a Roman province.
RY97248. Bronze AE 22, cf. BMC Arabia p. 94, 14 ff., SNG Cop 196 ff., SNG Hunterian II 2511 ff. (referenced specimens vary in legend details), VF, light earthen deposits, highest points not fully struck, light marks, slightest porosity, weight 6.462 g, maximum diameter 21.9 mm, die axis 180o, Mesopotamia, Edessa (Urfa, Sanliurfa, Turkey) mint, 197 - 212 A.D.; obverse AΛTOKPA CCOΛHP (blundered, A perhaps not fully struck, Λ's are upside down V's, second C should be an E), laureate head right; reverse ABΓPOC BA-CIΛE, draped bust of Abgar right, bearded, wearing a diademed tiara, holding scepter before; ex Savoca Numismatik auction 82 (26 Jul 2020), lot 285; SOLD




  




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REFERENCES

Babelon, E. Numismatique d'Edessa. (Paris, 1904).
Gesche, H. "Kaiser Gordian mit dem Pfeil in Edessa" in JNG XIX (1969), p. 47 - 64, pl. 3, 1-3.
Hill, G. Catalogue of the Greek Coins in the British Museum: Arabia, Mesopotamia and Persia. (London, 1922).
Lindgren, H. & F. Kovacs. Ancient Bronze Coins of Asia Minor and the Levant. (San Mateo, 1985).
Mitchiner, M. Oriental Coins: the Ancient and Classical World. (London, 1978).
Sear, D. Greek Imperial Coins and Their Values. (London, 1982).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Denmark, The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum, Vol. 7: Cyprus to India. (New Jersey, 1982).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain XII, The Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow, Part 2: Roman Provincial Coins: Cyprus-Egypt. (Oxford, 2008).

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