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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Roman Coins| ▸ |The Imperators| ▸ |Pompeians||View Options:  |  |  |   

Pompey the Great and his sons Sextus and Gnaeus Pompey Junior

Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, Pompey the Great, rose to prominence serving the dictator Sulla as a commander in the civil war of 83-82 B.C. Pompey's success as a general at a young age enabled him to advance to his first Roman consulship without following the traditional cursus honorum. He was consul three times. He served as a commander in the Sertorian War, the Third Servile War, the Third Mithridatic War, and in various other military campaigns. For his victories, Pompey was awarded three triumphs and the cognomen Magnus – "the Great." In 60 B.C., Pompey joined Crassus and Caesar in a military-political alliance, the First Triumvirate. Pompey married Caesar's daughter, Julia, which helped secure this partnership. After the deaths of Crassus and Julia, Pompey became an ardent supporter of the Optimates — a conservative faction of the Senate. Pompey and Caesar then contended for leadership of Rome, culminating in civil war. Pompey was defeated at the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 B.C. He sought refuge in Ptolemaic Egypt, where he was assassinated.

After the murder of their father, Gnaeus Pompey Magnus Junior and his brother Sextus, together with Metellus Scipio, Cato the Younger and other senators, continued to oppose Caesar. In 46 B.C., Caesar defeated Metellus Scipio and Cato, who subsequently committed suicide, at the Battle of Thapsus. Gnaeus escaped and joined with Sextus and, in Hispania, raised yet another army. On 17 March 45 B.C., the armies met in the battle of Munda. The large armies were led by able generals and the battle was closely fought. A cavalry charge by Caesar turned events to his side. In the panicked escape that followed, Titus Labienus and an estimated 30,000 of the Pompeian men died. Gnaeus and Sextus managed to escape once again, but it was now clear Caesar had won the civil war. Within a few weeks, Gnaeus Pompeius was caught and executed for treason. Sextus Pompey outlived Caesar. See his coins below for the rest of his story.

Roman Republic, L. Cornelius Lentulus and C. Claudius Marcellus, For Pompey the Great, 49 B.C.

|after| |50| |B.C.|, |Roman| |Republic,| |L.| |Cornelius| |Lentulus| |and| |C.| |Claudius| |Marcellus,| |For| |Pompey| |the| |Great,| |49| |B.C.||denarius|
Lentulus and Marcellus, the consuls for 49 B.C., were exiled by Caesar upon his war with Pompey. This coin was struck by a mobile military mint in Pompey's camp, possibly in Sicily but more likely in Greece, under the name of the two consuls.
SH30342. Silver denarius, Crawford 445/1b, BMCRR Sicily 1, Sydenham 1029, RSC I Cornelia 64a, SRCV I 414, EF, weight 4.067 g, maximum diameter 17.4 mm, die axis 0o, Pompeian military mint, obverse triskeles, head of Medusa in center, grain-ears between legs; reverse LENT MAR COS (consules), Jupiter standing half-right, thunderbolt in right, eagle in left; scarce; SOLD


Roman Republic, Sextus Pompey, Imperator and Prefect of the Fleet, Executed 35 B.C., Portrait of Pompey the Great

|Pompeians|, |Roman| |Republic,| |Sextus| |Pompey,| |Imperator| |and| |Prefect| |of| |the| |Fleet,| |Executed| |35| |B.C.,| |Portrait| |of| |Pompey| |the| |Great||denarius|
This type was struck while Sextus Pompey was free-booting in Spain following the Battle of Munda. Pietas was the Pompeians' battle cry at Munda and the reverse type refers to his vow to avenge the deaths of his father and elder brother. Babelon and Grueber interpret SAL as salutatus. Crawford and Buttrey identify it as a mintmark for Salpensa, but David Sear points out that such a prominent mintmark would be unprecedented on a denarius of the period and seems to be an integral part of the legend.
RR77515. Silver denarius, Buttrey Pietas Type 4 (6/D); Crawford 477/3a; Sydenham 1042a; Sear CRI 232b, RSC I Pompeia 13, gF, attractive old cabinet tone, banker's marks, light bumps and scratches, weight 3.331 g, maximum diameter 19.2 mm, die axis 90o, uncertain Hispania mint, 45 - 44 B.C.; obverse SEX MAGN PIVS IMP SAL, bare head of Cnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great) right; reverse Pietas standing left, palm branch in right hand, long scepter transverse in left hand, PIETAS downward on right; from the Andrew McCabe Collection; Roma Numismatics auction 23, lot 372; ex Gemini auction X (13 Jan 2013), lot 261; ex Randy Haviland Collection; ex Hans Schulman sale 30 (19 Nov 1960), lot 1322; ex Gibbs collection; very rare; SOLD


Roman Republic, Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio, Imperator 47 - 46 B.C.

|Pompeians|, |Roman| |Republic,| |Q.| |Caecilius| |Metellus| |Pius| |Scipio,| |Imperator| |47| |-| |46| |B.C.||denarius|
Scipio was the Pompeian commander of the anti-Caesareans. His headquarters was at the provincial capital of Utica, near the site of Carthage, and this is likely the site of his mint. Defeated by Caesar's forces, Scipio committed suicide in 46 B.C.
RR82674. Silver denarius, Crawford 459/1, Sydenham 1046, RSC I Caecilia 47, BMC Africa 1, Vagi 77, SRCV I 1379, VF, attractive somewhat exotic style (as usual for the type), attractive toning, radiating flow lines, bumps and marks, tiny edge cut, weight 3.707 g, maximum diameter 18.3 mm, die axis 180o, Africa, Utica mint, 47 - 46 B.C.; obverse Q. METEL PIVS, laureate head of Jupiter right, beard and hair in ringlets; reverse elephant walking right, SCIPIO above, IMP in exergue; SOLD


Roman Republic, Sextus Pompey, Imperator and Prefect of the Fleet, Executed 35 B.C.

|Pompeians|, |Roman| |Republic,| |Sextus| |Pompey,| |Imperator| |and| |Prefect| |of| |the| |Fleet,| |Executed| |35| |B.C.||denarius|
Struck by Sextus Pompey after his victory over Salvidienus and relates to his acclamation as the Son of Neptune. The inscription PRAEF CLAS ET ORAE MARIT abbreviates Praefectus Classis et Orae Maritimae, which translates Commander-in-Chief of the Fleet and the Sea Coasts. This title was held by both Pompey the Great and his son Sextus Pompey. Although Sextus Pompey was the supreme naval commander, Octavian had the Senate declare him a public enemy. He turned to piracy and came close to defeating Octavian. He was defeated by Marcus Agrippa at the naval battle of Naulochus on 3 September 36 B.C. and was executed by order of Mark Antony in 35 B.C.
SH02965. Silver denarius, Crawford 511/2, RSC I Sextus Pompey 1, Sydenham 1347, BMCRR Sicily 15, Sear CRI 333, SRCV I 1391, VF, attractive style, tight flan cutting off parts of legends, weight 3.31 g, maximum diameter 19.0 mm, die axis 0o, Sicilian mint, 42 B.C.; obverse MAG PIVS IMP ITER, diademed head of Neptune right, long hair and beard, trident over shoulder; reverse PRAEF CLAS ET ORAE MARIT EX S C (AE and MAR ligate), naval trophy of captured arms placed on anchor, trident head above, components of the trophy include helmet, cuirass, stem of prow and apluster for arms, the heads of Scylla and Charybdis at base; scarce; SOLD


Roman Republic, Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio, Imperator 47 - 46 B.C.

|Pompeians|, |Roman| |Republic,| |Q.| |Caecilius| |Metellus| |Pius| |Scipio,| |Imperator| |47| |-| |46| |B.C.||denarius|
Scipio was the Pompeian commander of the anti-Caesareans. His headquarters was at the provincial capital of Utica, near the site of Carthage, and this is likely the site of his mint. Defeated by Caesar's forces, Scipio committed suicide in 46 B.C.
SH58573. Silver denarius, SRCV I 1380/1 (large Africa head), BMCRR Africa 10 (same), RSC I Caecilia 50, Crawford 461/1, Sear CRI 44, Sydenham 1051, VF, weight 3.756 g, maximum diameter 18.7 mm, die axis 0o, Africa, Utica mint, 47 - 46 B.C.; obverse Q METELL SCIPIO IMP, head of Africa right, laureate and clad in elephant scalp, stalk of grain before, plough below; reverse EPPIVS LEG F C, Herakles standing facing, naked, right hand on hip, resting on club draped with Nemean lion's skin and set on a rock; SOLD


Roman Republic, Sextus Pompey, Imperator and Prefect of the Fleet, Executed 35 B.C., Janiform Head of Pompey the Great

|Pompeians|, |Roman| |Republic,| |Sextus| |Pompey,| |Imperator| |and| |Prefect| |of| |the| |Fleet,| |Executed| |35| |B.C.,| |Janiform| |Head| |of| |Pompey| |the| |Great||as|
The obverse inscription may read MGN (Syd. 1044), MAGN (Syd. 1044a), MAGNVS (Syd. 1044b), or MAGNV (Craw. 479/1, noted variant), all with MA ligate when the A is present.
SH26686. Leaded bronze as, Sydenham 1044 - 1044b, BMCRR II Spain 95 - 103, Crawford 479/1, Cohen Pompey the Great 16, Sear CRI 336, RPC I 671, SRCV I 1394, F, nice green patina, little wear but an uneven weak strike, weight 22.770 g, maximum diameter 30.2 mm, die axis 0o, uncertain Sicilian mint, c. 43 - 36 B.C.; obverse laureate janiform head with the features of Pompey the Great, [MAGN] (or similar) above; reverse prow of galley right, PIVS above, IMP below; SOLD


Roman Republic, Sextus Pompey, Imperator and Prefect of the Fleet, Executed 35 B.C., Portrait of Pompey the Great

|Pompeians|, |Roman| |Republic,| |Sextus| |Pompey,| |Imperator| |and| |Prefect| |of| |the| |Fleet,| |Executed| |35| |B.C.,| |Portrait| |of| |Pompey| |the| |Great||denarius|
The inscription PRAEF CLAS ET ORAE MARIT abbreviates Praefectus Classis et Orae Maritimae, which translates Commander-in-Chief of the Fleet and the Sea Coasts. This title was held by both Pompey the Great and his son Sextus Pompey. Although Sextus Pompey was the supreme naval commander, Octavian had the Senate declare him a public enemy. He turned to piracy and came close to defeating Octavian. He was defeated by Marcus Agrippa at the naval battle of Naulochus (3 September 36 B.C.) and was executed by order of Mark Antony in 35 B.C.
RR96734. Silver denarius, Crawford 511/3a, RSC I Pompey the Great 17, Sydenham 1344, BMCRR Sicily 7, Sear CRI 334, SRCV I 1392, aVF, attractive iridescent toning, obverse off center, tight flan, reverse strike weak on right, weight 3.822 g, maximum diameter 17.3 mm, die axis 135o, Sicilian mint, 42 - 40 B.C.; obverse MAG PIVS IMP ITER, head of Pompey the Great right, between capis and lituus (augural symbols); reverse Neptune standing left, right foot on prow, nude but for chlamys on left arm, holding apluster, flanked by the Catanaean brothers, Anapias and Amphinomus, running in opposite directions with their parents on their shoulders, PRAEF above, CLAS ET ORAE / MARIT EX S C in two lines in exergue; scarce; SOLD


Roman Republic, Aulus Gabinius, Proconsul of Syria, 57 - 55 B.C., Nysa-Scythopolis (Beth-Shean), Decapolis

|Pompeians|, |Roman| |Republic,| |Aulus| |Gabinius,| |Proconsul| |of| |Syria,| |57| |-| |55| |B.C.,| |Nysa-Scythopolis| |(Beth-Shean),| |Decapolis||AE| |19|
Aulus Gabinius, Proconsul of Syria, was prominent in the late Republic. As tribune, he obtained for Pompey his command against pirates. Following the Roman seizure of Ptolemaic Cyprus in 58 BC, the Ptolemaic economy was in shambles. A shortage of money drove up interest rates and created widespread unemployment. A mob drove Ptolemy XII from Alexandria. Ptolemy XII paid Gabinius 10,000 silver talents to invade Egypt and restore him to his throne. Cleopatra was 13 and may have met a young cavalry officer under Gabinius, Marcus Antonius. The only coin portraits of Gabinius are on these rare issues of Nysa-Scythopolis.
SH15301. Bronze AE 19, Hendin 884, Meshorer 103, F, weight 6.883 g, maximum diameter 19.2 mm, die axis 45o, Nysa-Scythopolis (Beth-Shean, Israel) mint, obverse Gabinius' head right, wearing an ivy wreath, ΓAB behind; reverse ΓABINIC OIEN NYΣHI (of the People of Gabinian Nysa), Nike advancing left, holding wreath and palm; marked down to Forum's cost; very rare; SOLD


Roman Republic, Sextus Pompey, Imperator and Prefect of the Fleet, Executed 35 B.C.

|Pompeians|, |Roman| |Republic,| |Sextus| |Pompey,| |Imperator| |and| |Prefect| |of| |the| |Fleet,| |Executed| |35| |B.C.||denarius|
Struck by Sextus Pompey after his victory over Salvidienus and relates to his acclamation as the Son of Neptune. The inscription PRAEF CLAS ET ORAE MARIT abbreviates Praefectus Classis et Orae Maritimae, which translates Commander-in-Chief of the Fleet and the Sea Coasts. This title was held by both Pompey the Great and his son Sextus Pompey. Although Sextus Pompey was the supreme naval commander, Octavian had the Senate declare him a public enemy. He turned to piracy and came close to defeating Octavian. He was defeated by Marcus Agrippa at the naval battle of Naulochus on 3 September 36 B.C. and was executed by order of Mark Antony in 35 B.C.
RR96733. Silver denarius, Crawford 511/2a, RSC I Sextus Pompey 1b, Sydenham 1347, BMCRR Sicily 15, Sear CRI 333, SRCV I 1391, aVF, toned, tight flan cutting off much of legends, a little flatly struck, bumps, scratches, banker's marks, weight 3.561 g, maximum diameter 16.2 mm, die axis 0o, Sicilian mint, 42 - 40 B.C.; obverse MAG PIVS IMP ITER, diademed head of Neptune right, long hair and beard, trident over shoulder; reverse PRAEF CLAS ET ORAE MARIT EX S C (AE and MAR ligate), naval trophy of captured arms placed on anchor, trident head above, components of the trophy include helmet, cuirass, stem of prow and apluster for arms, the heads of Scylla and Charybdis at base; scarce; SOLD


Pompey the Great, Imperator, and Cn. Calpurnius Piso, Proquaestor, 48 B.C.

|Pompeians|, |Pompey| |the| |Great,| |Imperator,| |and| |Cn.| |Calpurnius| |Piso,| |Proquaestor,| |48| |B.C.||denarius|
Numa Pompilius (reigned c. 715 - 673 B.C.) was the legendary second king of Rome, succeeding Romulus. He was of Sabine origin, and many of Rome's most important religious and political institutions are attributed to him. His portrait on the obverse is a boast of the proquaestor, that his Calpurnia gens' is descended from Calpus, son of Numa.

The reverse commemorates Pompey's victories over pirates.
RR114561. Silver denarius, Crawford 446/1; Sydenham 1032; RSC I Pompey the Great 4; BMCRR 62; Sear CRI 7, Russo RBW 1565, F, lightly toned, a couple bankers’ marks on obv., some weakness at peripheries, scratches, off center, weight 3.639 g, maximum diameter 19.8 mm, die axis 180o, military mint, c. spring 48 B.C.; obverse CN•PISO PRO•Q• (Cn. [Calpurnius] Piso, proquaestor), bearded head of Numa Pompilius right wearing diadem inscribed NVMA; reverse prow of war galley right, MAGN (the great) above, PRO•COS (proconsul) below; struck in a military mint moving with Pompey in Greece, probably on the Illyrian coast, perhaps at Corcyra, c. spring 48 B.C.; SOLD




  




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REFERENCES

Babelon, E. Monnaies de la Republique Romaine. (Paris, 1885).
Banti, A. & L. Simonetti. Corpus Nummorum Romanorum. (Florence, 1972-1979).
Carson, R. Principal Coins of the Romans, Vol. I: The Republic, c. 290-31 BC. (London, 1978).
Cohen, H. Description historique des monnaies frappées sous l'Empire Romain, Vol. 1: Pompey to Domitian. (Paris, 1880).
Crawford, M. Roman Republican Coinage. (Cambridge, 1974).
Evans, J. "The Sicilian Coinage of Sextus Pompeius (Crawford 511)" in ANSMN 32 (1987).
Grueber, H.A. Coins of the Roman Republic in The British Museum. (London, 1910).
Hoover, O. Handbook of Coins of Sicily (including Lipara), Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues, Sixth to First Centuries BC. HGC 2. (Lancaster, PA, 2011).
Russo, R. The RBW Collection of Roman Republican Coins. (Zurich, 2013).
Rutter, N. ed. Historia Numorum. Italy. (London, 2001).
Seaby, H., D. Sear, & R. Loosley. Roman Silver Coins, Volume I, The Republic to Augustus. (London, 1989).
Sear, D. The History and Coinage of the Roman Imperators 49 - 27 BC. (London, 1998).
Sear, D. Roman Coins and Their Values, Volume One, The Republic and the Twelve Caesars 280 BC - AD 86. (London, 2000).
Sydenham, E. The Coinage of the Roman Republic. (London, 1952).

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