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Home>Catalog>GreekCoins>HellenisticMonarchies>AlexandertheGreat PAGE 1/9123»»»

Alexander III The Great, Macedonian Kingdom, 336 - 323 B.C.

Alexander the Great is arguably the most famous man of antiquity. Born a leader, his genius and charisma led the Macedonian Army across the world creating an empire that covered most of the then-known world, from Greece to India. He was regarded as god and his fame grew even greater after his premature death at thirty-three. His reign marks the beginning of the Hellenistic Age, a time when almost every aspect of human civilization flourished. His coinage is highly complex, struck in cities all over the ancient map and spanning over two hundred years. The representative types are the silver tetradrachms and drachms depicting an idealized portrait of Alexander in the guise of the mythical hero Heracles, and his gold staters depicting Athena.Alexander's Empire


Macedonian Kingdom, Alexander III the Great, 336 - 323 B.C.
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SH65222. Gold stater, Price 176, Müller Alexander 751, SNG Berry 139, NGC Choice VF, strike 5/5, surface 2/5, light smoothing, weight 8.51 g, maximum diameter 17.2 mm, die axis 45o, Amphipolis mint, lifetime or early posthumous, c. 330 - 320 B.C.; obverse head of Athena right in crested Corinthian helmet decorated with a coiled snake; reverse ALEXANDR[OU], Nike standing half left, wreath in extended right, stylus in left, Boeotian(?) shield left; $3100.00 (€2387.00)

Kingdom of Thrace, Lysimachos, 305 - 281 B.C., Portrait of Alexander the Great
Click for a larger photo An example from the same obverse die, described as a "wonderful expressive portrait," sold for $3500 plus fees in Triton XV.
SH63608. Silver tetradrachm, Thompson 89, Müller 405 (Pergamon), SNG Cop -, Choice VF, fantastic portrait, dark toning, light corrosion on obverse, weight 15.941 g, maximum diameter 31.9 mm, die axis 0o, Lydia, Sardes mint, 297 - c. 287 B.C.; obverse diademed head of Alexander the Great wearing the horn of Ammon; reverse BASILEWS LUSIMACOU, Athena Nikephoros enthroned left, Nike crowning name in right, left arm rests on shield, transverse spear against right side, PRE monogram outer left, K in circle on line inner left, monogram in ex; $1100.00 (€847.00)

Macedonian Kingdom, Alexander III The Great, 336 - 323 B.C.
Click for a larger photo Lifetime Issue! Signed by the artist!(?) The K behind Herakles ear had traditionally been identified as the signature of the artist. Matt Kreuzer, however, believes the K (the Greek numeral 20) was used c. 325 B.C. to introduce the Attic drachm to Miletos by indicating either that 20 of these was equal to a gold stater, or that one of these drachm was equal to 20 of the 3 to 4 gram bronzes circulating at the time.
SH63774. Silver drachm, Price 2090A, ADM I 80 (same dies), VF, weight 4.214 g, maximum diameter 16.0 mm, die axis 0o, Miletos mint, lifetime issue, c. 325 - 323 B.C.; obverse Herakles' head right, clad in Nemean lion scalp headdress tied at neck, K on lion's jaw behind Herakles' ear; reverse ALEXANDROU, Zeus seated left, legs uncrossed, right leg forward, feet on footstool, eagle in extended right, long scepter vertical behind in left, monogram before; $700.00 (€539.00)

Macedonian Kingdom, Alexander III The Great, 336 - 323 B.C.
Click for a larger photo The period 285 - 275 B.C. was chaotic for Macedonia. In 286 B.C., Lysimachos took Pella from Pyrrhus. In 281, Seleucus defeated and killed Lysimachus but before he could claim Macedonia as his prize, Ptolemy Keraunos, the son of Ptolemy, murdered him and seized the throne. Antigonus marched north to take the throne but Keraunos defeated him. In 279 B.C. a great horde of Gauls descended on Macedonia, crushed Keraunos' army, and killed him in battle. Two years of complete anarchy followed. After plundering Macedonia, the Gauls invaded Greece, but in 278 B.C. a Greek army forced them to retreat to Thrace. In 277, Antigonus beached his ships near Lysimachia, abandoned his camp, and concealed his men for an ambush. The Gauls, as expected, came to loot his camp and attack the ships. Antigonus' army trapped them with the sea to their rear and inflicted a crushing defeat. Antigonus' then claimed the Macedonian throne.
SH63693. Silver tetradrachm, Price 565, Müller Alexander 953, VF, nice style, weight 16.808 g, maximum diameter 27.1 mm, die axis 0o, Pella mint, posthumous, c. 285 - 275 B.C.; obverse head of Herakles right, wearing Nemean lion scalp headdress; reverse ALEXANDROU, Zeus enthroned left, eagle in extended right, long scepter vertical behind in left, legs crossed, right leg drawn back, oenochoe under throne; $500.00 (€385.00)

Macedonian Kingdom, Antigonos I Monophthalmos, 323 - 301 B.C., In the Name of Alexander the Great
Click for a larger photo Antigonus I Monophthalmos ("the One-eyed") (382 B.C. - 301 B.C.) was a nobleman, general, and governor under Alexander the Great. Upon Alexander's death in 323 B.C., he established himself as one of the successors and declared himself King in 306 B.C. The most powerful satraps of the empire, Cassander, Seleucus, Ptolemy and Lysimachus, answered by also proclaiming themselves kings. Antigonus found himself at war with all four, largely because his territory shared borders with all of them. He died in battle at Ipsus in 301 B.C. Antigonus' kingdom was divided up, with Seleucus I Nicator gaining the most. His son, Demetrius I Poliorcetes, took Macedon, which the family held, off and on, until it was conquered by Rome in 168 B.C. -- Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
GS58976. Silver drachm, Price 1797, EF, weight 4.313 g, maximum diameter 17.3 mm, die axis 180o, Kolophon mint, c. 310 - 301 B.C.; obverse Herakles' head right, clad in Nemean lion scalp headdress tied at neck; reverse ALEXANDROU, Zeus enthroned left, eagle in right, long scepter vertical in left, right leg drawn back, N left; $450.00 (€346.50)

Macedonian Kingdom, Alexander III The Great, 336 - 323 B.C.
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SH60155. Silver tetradrachm, Price 447, VF, weight 16.848 g, maximum diameter 25.3 mm, die axis 90o, Amphipolis mint, posthumous, c. 315 - 294 B.C.; obverse Herakles' head right, clad in Nemean lion scalp headdress tied at neck; reverse ALEXANDR[OU], Zeus enthroned left, eagle in right, long scepter vertical in left, right leg drawn back, L over torch in left field, monogram under throne; $420.00 (€323.40)

Macedonian Kingdom, Kassander, 305 - 297 B.C., In the Name of Alexander III the Great
Click for a larger photo Antipater's son but not his heir, Kassander seized power. He had no intention of surrendering rule to Alexander's son, who was to be king when he came of age. In 309 B.C., Kassander had Alexander's young son and the boy's mother, Roxane, murdered. In 305 B.C., he declared himself king of Macedonia.
SH58224. Silver tetradrachm, Price 489, Müller Alexander -, VF, weight 17.131 g, maximum diameter 25.0 mm, die axis 90o, Amphipolis mint, Kassander as regent or king, c. 307 - 297 B.C.; obverse Herakles' head right, clad in Nemean lion scalp headdress tied at neck; reverse ALEXANDROU, Zeus enthroned left, eagle in right, long scepter vertical behind in left, right leg drawn back, L over race torch left, wreath under throne; $405.00 (€311.85)

Phaselis, Lycia, 208 - 207 B.C., In the Name of Alexander the Great
Click for a larger photo Phaselis was under Ptolemaic control from 209 to 197 B.C., when Antiochus III took control. Antiochus III formally took possession of the Egyptian territories in Anatolia through the Peace of Lysimachia in 195. Despite the vicissitudes of the area, Phaselis seems to have retained significant autonomy and struck Alexander type tetradrachms with remarkable continuity from 218 - 185 B.C. The series ended shortly after the conclusion of the Apamea treaty, when Phaselis and the other cities of Lycia were handed over to the Kingdom of Rhodes. From 190 to 160 B.C. it remained under Rhodeian hegemony. After 160 B.C. Phaselis was absorbed into the Lycian confederacy under Roman rule. In the 1st century B.C., the city was taken over by the pirate Zekenites for a period until his defeat by the Romans.
SH59441. Silver tetradrachm, civic coinage struck under Ptolemaic hegemony, countermarked under Seleukid hegemony; Price 2850, Cohen DCA 315, Müller Alexander -, VF/F, weight 16.117 g, maximum diameter 33.9 mm, die axis 0o, Lycia, Phaselis mint, 208 - 207 B.C.; obverse Herakles' head right, clad in Nemean lion scalp headdress tied at neck; Seleukid countermark: anchor in an oval punch; reverse ALEXANDROU, Zeus enthroned left, right leg drawn back, eagle extended in right, long scepter vertical behind in left, IA (year 11) over F left, O beneath throne; $375.00 (€288.75)

Aspendus, Pamphylia, 195 - 194 B.C., In the Name of Alexander the Great
Click for a larger photo After Alexander took Perga peacefully, Aspendos sent envoys to offer surrender if he would not take the taxes and horses formerly paid as tribute to the Persian king. Agreeing, Alexander went on to Side, leaving a garrison behind. When he learned they had failed to ratify the agreement their own evnvoys had proposed, Alexander marched to the city. The Aspendians retreated to their acropolis and again sent envoys to sue for peace. This time, however, they had to agree to harsh terms - they would host a Macedonian garrison and pay 100 gold talents and 4.000 horses annually.

When this coin was struck, Antiochos III the Great had recovered central Asia Minor for the Seleukid Kingdom. Aspendos accepted Seleukid authority in 197 B.C. The city surrendered to Rome in 190 B.C.
SH59525. Silver tetradrachm, Price 2897, SNG Cop 771, Cohen DCA 312, VF, weight 16.722 g, maximum diameter 31.3 mm, die axis 0o, Aspendos mint, 195 - 194 B.C.; obverse Herakles' head right, clad in Nemean lion scalp headdress tied at neck; Seleukid countermark: anchor in roughly retangular punch; reverse Zeus enthroned left, eagle in right, long scepter vertical behind in left, AS / IH (year 18 Era of Aspendos) left; $375.00 (€288.75)

Seleucid Kingdom, Seleukos I Nikator, 312 - 281 B.C., Babylonia, in the Name of Alexander the Great
Click for a larger photo Price dates this type 311 - 305 B.C. Houghton dates it 311 - 300 B.C. Houghton notes that Kritt down-dated the chronology due to the complexity of the emissions and two hoards that support the revised dating. Since it seems Antigonus managed to conquer Babylon in 310 B.C., the type should be dated after Seleukos recovered the city.
SH58199. Silver tetradrachm, Houghton-Lorber I 82.3m, Price 3769, aVF, weight 17.030 g, maximum diameter 26.8 mm, die axis 90o, Babylon I mint, c. 309 - 300 B.C.; obverse Herakles' head right, clad in Nemean lion scalp headdress tied at neck; reverse BASILEWS ALEXANDROU, Zeus Aëtophoros enthroned left, eagle in right, long scepter vertical behind in left, right leg drawn back, MI above labrys (double-axe) left, monogram within wreath below throne; $360.00 (€277.20)



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REFERENCES

Cohen, E. Dated Coins of Antiquity: A comprehensive catalogue of the coins and how their numbers came about. (CNG, Lancaster, PA, 2011).
Gaebler, H. Die antiken Münzen von Makedonia und Paionia, Die antiken Münzen Nord-Griechenlands Vol. III. (Berlin, 1935).
Head, B. V. British Museum Catalogue of Greek Coins, Macedonia, etc. (London, 1879).
Hersh, C. "Additions and Corrections to Martin J. Price's 'The Coinage in the name of Alexander the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus'" in Studies Price.
Houghton, A.; C. Lorber & O. Hoover. Seleucid Coins: A Comprehensive Catalog. (Lancaster, 2002 - 2008).
Le Rider, G. Alexander the Great: Coinage, Finances, and Policy. (Philadelphia, 2007).
Liampi, K. "A Hoard of Bronze Coins of Alexander the Great" in Studies Price.
Liampi. K. "Zur Chronologie der sogenannten 'anonymen' mekedonischen Münzen des späten 4. Jhs. v. Chr." in JNG XXXVI. (1986).
Lindgren, H & F. Kovacs. Ancient Bronze Coinage of Asia Minor and the Levant. (San Mateo, 1985).
Lindgren, H. Ancient Greek Bronze Coins: European Mints. (San Mateo, 1989).
Lindgren, H. Ancient Greek Bronze Coins. (Quarryville, 1993).
Mildenberg, L. and S. Hurter, eds. The Dewing Collection of Greek Coins. ACNAC 6. (New York, 1985).
Müller, L. Die Münzen Des Thracishen Konigs Lysimacus. (Copenhagen, 1858).
Müller, L. Numismatique d'Alexandre le Grand; Appendice les monnaies de Philippe II et III, et Lysimaque. (Copenhagen, 1855-58).
Polk, R.S. A Catalog of the Greek Coins in the British Museum, the Ptolemies, Kings of Egypt. (London, 1882).
Prieur, M. and K. Prieur. The Syro-Phoenician Tetradrachms and their fractions from 57 BC to AD 258. (Lancaster, PA, 2000).
Price, M. J. The Coinage of in the Name of Alexander the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus. (London, 1991).
Sear, D. Greek Coins and Their Values, Volume 2, Asia and Africa. (London, 1979).
Svoronos, J. Ta Nomismata tou Kratous ton Ptolemaion. (Athens, 1904-08).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Austria, Klagenfurt, Landesmuseum für Kärnten, Sammlung Dreer. Part 3: Thracien-Macedonien-Päonien. (Klagenfurt, 1984).

Catalog current as of Friday, May 24, 2013.
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Alexander the Great Greek Coins