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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Roman Coins| ▸ |Crisis & Decline||View Options:  |  |  | 

Roman Coins of the 3rd Century Crisis and Decline of the Roman Empire
The Victories of the Emperor Gallienus

|Roman| |Coin| |Books|, |The| |Victories| |of| |the| |Emperor| |Gallienus|
If you order a large group of books or booklets, please select Priority or Express Mail. First Class Mail is limited to envelope size mail. If you think your order may need a box, please select Priority or Express Mail.
BL43184. The Numbering of the Victories of the Emperor Gallienus and of the Loyalty of his Legions by Andreas Alfoldi, Attic Books Numismatic Chronicle reprint series, 1977 reprint, paperback, 62 pages, priced at FORVM's cost!; $3.00 (€2.82) Out of Stock!


The Coinage of Trajan Decius (A.D. 249 - 251)

|Roman| |Coin| |Books|, |The| |Coinage| |of| |Trajan| |Decius| |(A.D.| |249| |-| |251)|
Ask for a free copy in the checkout comments with the purchase of any Trajan Decius coin.
BL43194. The Coinage of Trajan Decius (AD 249 - 251) by Augustus Brown, published by the author c. 1960, 8vo, paperback, 20 pages plus one plate, priced below FORVM's $5 cost!; $3.00 (€2.82)


Maximus, Caesar, 235 or 236 - 24 June 238 A.D., Deultum, Thrace

|Deultum|, |Maximus,| |Caesar,| |235| |or| |236| |-| |24| |June| |238| |A.D.,| |Deultum,| |Thrace||tetrassarion|NEW
The Roman Colony of Deultum (Debelt, Bulgaria today) was founded during the reign of Vespasian on the west shore of Lake Mandren between Anchialus and Apollonia, and settled with veterans of Legio VIII Augusta. The town followed the usual Roman plan, with a very good water supply, sewers, and impressive baths with floor heating. It became one of the richest towns in the province. During the reign Mark Aurelius, Deultum was protected by large fortified walls and for centuries it served as an important communication point and a bulwark against barbarian raids. In 812 Khan Krum conquered Develt (its medieval name), banished the local residents to the north of Danube River, and resettled the town with Bulgarians.

Oiskos (Oescus), modern Iskar, is a tributary of the Danube river.
RP113330. Bronze tetrassarion, Draganov Deultum 822-24 (O94/R635); SNG Bobokov 822; Jurukova Deultum 228; RPC Online VI T835; BMC Thrace p. 112, 15; MPR II-4 1976; Varbanov II 2490, VF, red-brown surfaces resembling embossed leather, light roughness, slightly off center obverse, central mint dimples, weight 7.729 g, maximum diameter 24.1 mm, die axis 45o, Deultum (Debelt, Bulgaria) mint, c. 235/236 - 24 Jun 238 A.D.; obverse C IVL VER MAXIMVS CAES, Bareheaded, draped and cuirassed bust right, seen from the front; reverse COL F-L PAC DE,VLT (ending in exergue), River-god (ancient personification of the Sredetska River) reclining left, reed in raised right hand, cornucopia in left hand and arm, left elbow resting on overturned urn from which water flows; ex CNG E-sale 537 (26 Apr 2023), lot 291; ex Dr. Michael Slavin Collection; $130.00 (€122.20)


Gordian III, 29 July 238 - 25 February 244 A.D., Hadrianopolis, Thrace

|Hadrianopolis|, |Gordian| |III,| |29| |July| |238| |-| |25| |February| |244| |A.D.,| |Hadrianopolis,| |Thrace||tetrassarion|NEW
Hadrian refounded a Thracian tribal capital, changed its name to Hadrianopolis, developed it, adorned it with monuments, and made it the capital of the Roman province. The city is Edirne, Turkey today. From ancient times, the area around Edirne has been the site of no fewer than 16 major battles or sieges. Military historian John Keegan identifies it as "the most contested spot on the globe" and attributes this to its geographical location. Licinius was defeated there by Constantine I in 323, and Valens was killed by the Goths during the Battle of Adrianople in 378.
RP113332. Bronze tetrassarion, Jurukova Hadrianopolis 470 (V230/R456); RPC Online VII.2 733; Varbanov II 3837 var. (obv. legend); BMC Thrace p. 121, 36; SNG Hunterian 916, aVF, brown patina, small flan crack, area of weakness, central mint dimples, weight 8.913 g, maximum diameter 26.1 mm, die axis 180o, Hadrianopolis (Edirne, Turkey) mint, 29 Jul 238 - 25 Feb 244 A.D.; obverse AVT K M ANT ΓOPΔIANOC AVΓ (Imperator Caesar Marcus Antonius Gordianus Augustus, AVΓ ligate), laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse AΔPIANOΠO,ΛEITΩN (ending in exergue, ΩN ligate), river-god Tonzus or Hebros reclining left, reeds in raised right hand, rudder in left hand and crook of left arm, resting left elbow on overturned urn behind from which water flows; ex CNG e-sale 537 (26 Apr 2023), lot 297; From the Dr. Michael Slavin Collection; $90.00 (€84.60)


Herennia Etruscilla, Augusta July 249 - April/August 253 A.D.

|Herennia| |Etruscilla|, |Herennia| |Etruscilla,| |Augusta| |July| |249| |-| |April/August| |253| |A.D.||sestertius|
In 250 the Plague of Cyprian, a pandemic probably smallpox, began. It was still raging in 270 when it claimed the life of emperor Claudius II Gothicus. At the height of the outbreak, 5,000 people a day were said to be dying in Rome. The plague caused widespread manpower shortages in agriculture and the Roman army.
RB114728. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC IV 136b, Cohen V 22, Hunter III 16, SRCV III 9505, aVF/gF, nice green patina, mild porosity, small squared flan, edge irregular with crack, weight 14.005 g, maximum diameter 26.2 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 249 - 251 A.D.; obverse HERENNIA ETRVSCILLA AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, hair in horizontal ridges, plait looped at the back of neck; reverse PVDICITIA AVG (modesty of the Empress), Pudicitia (modesty) seated left, drawing veil with right hand, transverse scepter in left hand, S C (senatus consulto) in exergue; $100.00 (€94.00)


Valerian II, Caesar, Early 256 - 258 A.D.

|Valerian| |II|, |Valerian| |II,| |Caesar,| |Early| |256| |-| |258| |A.D.||antoninianus|
In 258, Valerian put to death a number of church leaders, including Rome's bishop, Sixtus. Christians belonging to the nobility or the Roman Senate were deprived of their property and exiled. Thinking that the Christian had great hidden treasures, Valerian ordered the leading deacon, Laurentius, him to hand them over. Laurentius agreed but asked for three days to gather them to together. He assembled the poor, aged and sick in Rome and brought them before the emperor, saying "These are the true treasures of the church." Furious, Laurentius was ordered to suffer a slow and cruel death. On 10 August 258, Laurentius was scourged, beaten with irons, and had his joints dislocated. He was then placed on a grate over a fire and slowly roasted to death. Having lain there for some time, he is reported to have called out to the emperor a Latin couplet, "Assum est, inquit, versa et manduca" (This side is done, turn me over and have a bite). His executioner obliged and after he had been tormented for a considerable time, he finally lifted his eyes to heaven and with calmness yielded his spirit to God. Laurentius (Saint Lawrence) is the patron saint of comedians.
RA114646. Billon antoninianus, Göbl MIR 1597d, SRCV III 10739 (eastern field mint), RIC V-1 51, RSC IV 84, VF/F, dark patina, attractive highlighting earthen deposits, weight 3.906 g, maximum diameter 21.7 mm, die axis 0o, Antioch or military mint, 256 - 258 A.D.; obverse P LIC COR VALERIANVS CAES, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS (to the Prince of Youth), Prince standing left, baton in right hand, transverse spear in left hand; $90.00 (€84.60)


Philip II, July or August 247 - Late 249 A.D., Perge, Pamphylia

|Perga|, |Philip| |II,| |July| |or| |August| |247| |-| |Late| |249| |A.D.,| |Perge,| |Pamphylia||AE| |23|
Hephaestus is the Greek god of fire, metalworking, craftsmen, sculpture, metallurgy and volcanoes. His parents were Zeus and Hera. On this reverse Hephaestus is depicted in his role as the blacksmith of the gods.
RP114660. Bronze AE 23, RPC Online VIII U21074; BMC Lycia p. 132, 63; SNG BnF 516; SNGvA 4709; SNG Keckman II 660; Lindgren III 649; SNG Cop 351, F, porous, part of obv. legend weak, weight 8.655 g, maximum diameter 23.5 mm, die axis 0o, Perge (near Antalya, Turkey) mint, Jul/Aug 247 - Late 249 A.D.; obverse AY K M IOY CEOY ΦILIΠΠOC CE, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right, globe below; reverse ΠEPΓAIΩN, Hephaestus seated right on rock, wearing pointed cap and himation leaving right shoulder bare, hammer in right hand, left hand supports sheild on left knee; ex Naville Numismatics auction 86 (17 Dec 2023), lot 258; $125.00 (€117.50)


Salonina, Augusta 254 - c. September 268 A.D.

|Salonina|, |Salonina,| |Augusta| |254| |-| |c.| |September| |268| |A.D.||antoninianus|
Juno was the chief female divinity in the Roman pantheon. She was the wife of Jupiter and a member of the Capitoline Triad. She had many different aspects, such as Juno Moneta, Juno Sospita, and Juno Lucina, but here she is depicted as Juno Regina, "Juno the Queen." Juno is usually shown holding a patera, scepter or a statuette of Athena, and is often accompanied by a peacock.

In matters of lettering and iconography, RIC V-1 29 (Rome) and 64 (Antioch) are identical. The only way to separate the two is on the basis of style, which the crudely rendered 'Ns' on the obverse are but one piece of evidence in favor of Rome, with the generally larger size of every individual element of the coin being another. It is a bit like the nerdy way of sorting 1982 brass Lincoln cents from their copper-plated zinc counterparts, based on style also rather than tediously weighing each coin.
RA114445. Billon antoninianus, Göbl MIR 227b, Cunetio 830 (3 spec.) RIC V-1 29, RSC IV 60, Hunter IV 5, SRCV III 10640, aVF, low relief with areas of weakness and an unusually crude representation of Juno, weight 2.533 g, maximum diameter 19.6 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 257 - 258 A.D.; obverse SALONINA AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, hair in horizontal ridges and in plait looped below ear up the back of head, crescent behind shoulders; reverse IVNO REGINA, Juno standing left, patera in right hand, long scepter vertical behind in left hand; $45.00 (€42.30)


Philip II, July or August 247 - Late 249 A.D.

|Philip| |II|, |Philip| |II,| |July| |or| |August| |247| |-| |Late| |249| |A.D.||antoninianus|
When Augustus ruled Rome, he was not called emperor or king, he was the Princeps, the "first of men." In the empire, the designated successors to the emperor were named caesar and also given the title Princeps Juventutis, the "first of youths." This is the origin of the English word prince, meaning the son of a monarch.
SL114189. Silver antoninianus, RIC IV 218d, RSC IV 48, Hunter V 8, SRCV III 9240, NGC MS, strike 5/5, surface 3/5, grainy (2406772-001), weight 4.02 g, maximum diameter 21 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, as caesar, 244 - 246 A.D.; obverse M IVL PHILIPPVS CAES, radiate and draped bust right, seen from behind; reverse PRINCIPI IVVENT (to the Prince of Youth), Philip II standing slightly left, head left, wearing military dress, globe in extended right hand, inverted spear in left hand; from the Craig Chambers Collection, NGC| Lookup; $300.00 (€282.00)


Trajan Decius, September 249 - June or July 251 A.D.

|Trajan| |Decius|, |Trajan| |Decius,| |September| |249| |-| |June| |or| |July| |251| |A.D.||antoninianus|
Adventus Augustus inscriptions commemorate the emperor's arrival at Rome, either at the commencement of his reign or on his return from a distance.
SL114190. Silver antoninianus, RIC IV 11b, RSC IV 4, Hunter III 6, SRCV III 9366, NGC MS, strike 3/5, surface 4/5 (2420192-001), weight 4.13 g, maximum diameter 22 mm, die axis 45o, Rome mint, 249 - 251 A.D.; obverse IMP C M Q TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse ADVENTVS AVG (arrival of the Emperor), Trajan Decius on horseback left, raising right hand in salute, scepter in left hand,; from the Craig Chambers Collection, NGC| Lookup; $300.00 (€282.00)











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