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   View Categories Home > Catalog > |Greek Coins| > |Greek Imperial| > |Decapolis, Arabia & Syria| > RP69641
Caracalla, 28 January 198 - 8 April 217 A.D., Laodicea ad Libanum, Syria
|Decapolis,| |Arabia| |&| |Syria|, |Caracalla,| |28| |January| |198| |-| |8| |April| |217| |A.D.,| |Laodicea| |ad| |Libanum,| |Syria|,
The Hellenistic city, Laodicea ad Libanum, on the Orontes River in what is now Syria, appears to have been built on Tell Nebi Mend, the ruin-mound of the city of Kadesh. The site is still occupied today and has been the site of fighting and bombing during the current civil war.

The Battle of Kadesh, c. 1274 B.C., between the Egyptian Empire under Ramesses II and the Hittite Empire under Muwatalli II was fought at the site, and is the earliest battle in recorded history for which details of tactics and formations are known. It was probably the largest chariot battle ever fought, involving perhaps 5,000 - 6,000 chariots. The city was near the border of the two empires and changed hands several times. Ancient Kadesh vanishes from history after it was destroyed by the invading Sea Peoples in around 1178 B.C.
Hittite (orange) and Egyptian (green) Empires. Click to see Battle of Kadesh on Wikipedia
RP69641. Bronze AE 26, SNG Cop 445, Lindgren III 1288, BMC Galatia -, SNG Munchen -, F, unusual red and black patina, clear inscriptions for the type, Laodicea ad Libanum (Kadesh, Syria) mint, weight 10.584g, maximum diameter 25.7mm, die axis 0o, obverse [...AVP?] CEOVH - ANTWNINOC, laureate head right; reverse ΛAOΔIK ΠPOC ΛIBANW, Mên standing facing before horse standing left, holding bridle of horse in right hand, scepter in left hand, horse's head turned back, MHN in exergue; from the Butte College Foundation, ex Lindgren; rare; SOLD




  






OBVERSE| LEGENDS|

ANTONINVSAVGVSTV
ANTONINVSAVGVSTVS
ANTONINVSPIVSAVG
ANTONINVSPIVSAVGBRIT
ANTONINVSPIVSAVGGERM
ANTONINVSPIVSFELAVG (ALSO USED BY ELAGABALUS)
DIVOANTONINOMAGNO
IMPCAEMAVRANTAVGPTRP
IMPCAESMAVRELANTONINVSAVG
IMPANTONINETGETACAESAVGFIL
IMPCMAVRANTONAVGPTRP
IMPCMAVRANTONINVSAVG
IMPCMAVRANTONAVGPTRP
IMPCMAVRANTONINVSAVG
IMPCMAVRANTONINVSPONTAVG
IMPMAVRANTONINVSPIVSAVGPMTRPXIII
MAVRANTCAESPONTIF
MAVRANTONCAESPONTIF
MAVRANTONINVSCAES
MAVRELANTONINVSPIVSAVG
MAVRELANTONINVSPIVSAVGBRIT
MAVRELANTONINVSPIVSAVGGERM


REFERENCES|

Banti, A. & L. Simonetti. Corpus Nummorum Romanorum. (Florence, 1972-1979).
The Barry P. Murphy Collection of Severan Denarii - http://bpmurphy.ancients.info/severan/severanhome.htm
Bickford-Smith, R. "The imperial mints in the east for Septimius Severus: it is time to begin a thorough reconsideration" in RIN XCVI (1994/1995), pp. 53-71.
Calicó, E. The Roman Avrei, Vol. II: From Didius Julianus to Constantius I, 193 AD - 335 AD. (Barcelona, 2003).
Cayón, J. Los Sestercios del Imperio Romano, Vol. III: De Marco Aurelio a Caracalla (Del 161 d.C. al 217 d.C.). (Madrid, 1984).
Cohen, H. Description historique des monnaies frappées sous l'Empire Romain, Vol. 4: Septimius Severus to Maximinus Thrax. (Paris, 1884).
Mattingly, H., E. Sydenham & C. Sutherland. The Roman Imperial Coinage, Vol. IV: From Pertinax to Uranius Antoninus. (London, 1986).
Mattingly, H. & R. Carson. Coins of the Roman Empire in the British Museum, Vol. 5: Pertinax to Elagabalus. (London, 1950).
Online Coins of the Roman Empire (OCRE) - http://numismatics.org/ocre/
Robinson, A. Roman Imperial Coins in the Hunter Coin Cabinet, University of Glasgow, Vol. III. Pertinax to Aemilian. (Oxford, 1977).
Seaby, H. & Sear, D. Roman Silver Coins, Vol. III, Pertinax to Balbinus and Pupienus. (London, 1982).
Sear, D. Roman Coins and Their Values, Vol. II: The Accession of Nerva to the Overthrow of the Severan Dynasty AD 96 - AD 235. (London, 2002).
Vagi, D. Coinage and History of the Roman Empire. (Sidney, 1999).

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