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Normans, Kingdom of Sicily, Roger II, 1105 - 1154 A.D.
Until the Normans, Bari was governed by the Byzantines, with occasional interruption. It was a major depot for trade in Slavic slaves, destined most frequently for Muslim states including the Fatimid Caliphate which relied on Slavs purchased at Bari for its legions of Sakalaba Mamluks. Captured by Kalfun in 847, Bari was the center of the Emirate of Bari for 20 years. Emperor Louis II fought for five years to take Bari, and was only successful with the aid of a Byzantine naval blockade. In 885, Bari became the residence of the local Byzantine catapan. In 1025, under the Archbishop Byzantius, Bari became attached to the see of Rome and was granted "provincial" status. In 1071, Robert Guiscard captured Bari after a three-year siege. The Greeks refused the Latin ways and a civil war broke out in 1117. Bari was seized by Grimoald Alferanites, a native Lombard, and he was elected lord in opposition to the Normans. Grimoald later did homage to Roger II of Sicily, but then rebelled and was defeated in 1132. Bari was occupied by Manuel I Komnenos from 1155 to 1158. In 1246, Bari was sacked and razed to the ground. It was subsequently rebuilt, destroyed and rebuilt several times. ME68460. Bronze follaro, MIR 10 134 (R), MEC Italy III 188 (Capua, Anfusus mint?); CNI XVIII p. 241, 1 - 3 (Capua, Pandolfo I Ironhead, 961 - 981), F, Bari mint, weight 0.782g, maximum diameter 13.2mm, die axis 135o, 1139 - 1154 A.D.; obverse figure of St. Demetrius standing facing, nimbate, sword in right, shield in left, OΛN downward on left; reverse pseudo-Kufic one-line inscription, cross below; ex Rosenblum Coins; rare; SOLD
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