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Antoninus Pius, August 138 - 7 March 161 A.D., Hieropolis, Cyrrhestica, Syria
The modern name Manbij is very similar to the original Aramean name, Mnbg. It was part of the kingdom of Bit Adini, then annexed by the Assyrians in 856 B.C. It fell to Alexander and later prospered under the Seleucids who made it the chief station between Antioch and Seleucia on the Tigris. It was refounded as Hieropolis by Eumenes II of Pergamon in 190 B.C. Crassus sacked the temple on his way to meet the Parthians in 53 B.C. In the 3rd century, the city was the capital of Euphratensis province and one of the great cities of Syria. It was, however, in a ruinous state when Julian gathered his troops there before marching to his defeat and death in Mesopotamia. Sassanid Emperor Khosrau I held it for ransom after the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I failed to defend it. The Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid restored it at the end of the 8th century, making it the capital of al-Awasim province. Afterward, the city became a point of contention between the Byzantines, Arabs and Turks. The crusaders captured it from the Seljuks in the 12th century, but Ayyubid Sultan Saladin retook it in 1175. Manbij later became the headquarters of Hulagu and his Mongols, who destroyed it. The remains of ancient Manbij are extensive, but almost wholly of late date, as is to be expected in the case of a city which survived into Muslim times. The walls were built by the Arabs, and no ruins of the great temple survive.RP57037. Bronze AE 22, RPC online IV 6976; BMC Galatia p. 141, 19; SNG Hunterian II 2674; Butcher p. 448, 17; SNG Cop 53 var. (year 2), F, Cyrrhestica, Hierapolis-Bambyce (Membij, Syria) mint, weight 9.704g, maximum diameter 22.2mm, die axis 0o, undated; obverse AYTO KAI TIT AIΛI AΔPI - ANTΩNEINOC CEB, laureate head right; reverse ΘEAC CYPI/AC IEPOΠO (to the Syrian goddess of Hieropolis) / Δ (control) in three lines, all within laurel wreath, tied at the bottom, closed at the top with a pellet in annulet; SOLD
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